1. Microglia in retinal angiogenesis and diabetic retinopathy.
- Author
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Hu A, Schmidt MHH, and Heinig N
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Angiogenesis metabolism, Angiogenesis pathology, Retina pathology, Retina metabolism, Retinal Vessels pathology, Retinal Vessels metabolism, Diabetic Retinopathy pathology, Diabetic Retinopathy metabolism, Microglia pathology, Microglia metabolism, Retinal Neovascularization pathology, Retinal Neovascularization metabolism
- Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy has a high probability of causing visual impairment or blindness throughout the disease progression and is characterized by the growth of new blood vessels in the retina at an advanced, proliferative stage. Microglia are a resident immune population in the central nervous system, known to play a crucial role in regulating retinal angiogenesis in both physiological and pathological conditions, including diabetic retinopathy. Physiologically, they are located close to blood vessels and are essential for forming new blood vessels (neovascularization). In diabetic retinopathy, microglia become widely activated, showing a distinct polarization phenotype that leads to their accumulation around neovascular tufts. These activated microglia induce pathogenic angiogenesis through the secretion of various angiogenic factors and by regulating the status of endothelial cells. Interestingly, some subtypes of microglia simultaneously promote the regression of neovascularization tufts and normal angiogenesis in neovascularization lesions. Modulating the state of microglial activation to ameliorate neovascularization thus appears as a promising potential therapeutic approach for managing diabetic retinopathy., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2024
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