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Mnogim vrstama biljaka koje se koriste kako svježe tako i sušene za pripremu čajeva ili raznih tekućina pripisuju se ljekovita svojstva. Stoga se takvo bilje najčešće naziva ljekovito bilje. Danas je često u uporabi i izraz biljne infuzije što su zapravo biljni čajevi napravljeni od svježih ili suhih listova, cvijeća, korijenja ili sjemenja različitih vrsta biljaka. Tijekom pregleda raznih uzoraka ljekovitog bilja, kao i skladišta i proizvodnih pogona najčešće smo nalazili, bakrenastog moljca (Plodia interpunctella Hbn.), duhanovog moljca (Ephestia elutella Hbn.), krušara (Stegobium paniceum (F.)) iduhanara (Lasioderma serricome (L.)), kao uzročnike šteta. Cilj rada je predstaviti vrste štetnika, ukazati na važnost njihove prisutnosti, predložiti načine za određivanje nazočnosti štetnih kukaca i njihovo suzbijanje te postupke koje valja obavljati tijekom prerade i uskladištenja kako bi se spriječile štete. Feromone i svjetlosne mamce potrebno je koristiti za određivanje nazočnosti štetnika u skladištu. Za uspješno čuvanje ljekovitog bilja potrebno je imati skladišta izgrađena od kvalitetnih materijala radi održavanja ujednačene temperature u skladištu i jednostavnog održavanja čistoće i urednosti. Mjere suzbijanja valja obavljati preventivno u praznom skladištu, a za tretiranje uskladištene robe potrebno je imati odvojenu prostoriju. Za suzbijanje štetnika na ljekovitom bilju preporučuje se koristiti CO2 pod visokim tlakom u odgovarajućim čeličnim odjeljcima iako se mogu koristiti i sredstva koja oslobađaju plin fosfin.

The stored-product insects are one of the major causes of losses in the stored cereals. Most of control measures still rely on a synthetic pesticide usage, but due to its negative side effects on the goods, human health, and the environment, there is an urgent need for an alternative control. A natural formulation based on the diatomaceous earth (DE) SilicoSec®, enhanced with the botanicals (essential oil lavender, corn oil, and bay leaves dust) and the silica gel was developed. The aim of the study was to test the activity of the developed formulation as a postharvest protectant of seed wheat and barley in the suppression Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). As a reference comparative value, the DE SilicoSec® was applied. Subsequent to the six months of storage under the simulated warehouse conditions, the formulation has completely suppressed the initial population development of all three tested insect species, both in wheat and barley. In wheat, a complete suppression was detected at the dose of 500 ppm against T. castaneum and 600 ppm against both R. dominica and S. oryzae. In barley, a complete suppression was detected at the doses of 500 ppm, 400 ppm, and 600 ppm against R. dominica, T. castaneum and S. oryzae, respectively. Conclusively, the results of this study indicate that the developed natural formulation based on the DE, botanicals, and silica gel was highly effective against the three major stored‐product insect species, providing a long-term safe storage of wheat and barley seeds.

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is a perennial plant native to the tropic areas. Generally, the largest areas of sugarcane are located in the Americas (Brazil, Mexico, Columbia, USA, Cuba) and Asia (India, China, Thailand, and Pakistan). Sugarcane is one of the most important crops on the Island of Mauritius and represents 85% of the arable land and 45% of the total land area of the island. Although Mauritius is one of the large sugar producers, its production has fallen in the recent 20 years. In 2000 the area with sugarcane was around 73 000 ha and decreased to around 45 000 ha. An economically viable technology has to be developed for the complete package of sugarcane main product(sucrose) and waste. In Mauritius bagasse as waste from sugarcane is used to produce electricity. But these power stations work only for around 6 months during sugarcane harvest season. It could be optimised by burning other biofuels like wood and be operational over the whole year. After burning bagasse, a problem with the disposal of ash that is generated. Also, there is an alcohol produced from the waste known as molasses, but the problem is with the utilization of the final waste which is vinasse. It can be encouraged to use these wastes and maybe this approach can have a positive influence on increasing areas with sugarcane in Mauritius

U ovom radu analizirana su stanja merkantilne pšenice sorti: Mia i Kraljica, te stanje merkantilnog kukuruza hibrida: P9911 i P0217. Tijekom 3 mjeseca praćene su vrijednosti: vlage, temperature i hektolitarske mase zrna, te prisutnost skladišnih štetnika. Analizirano je 36 uzoraka merkantilnog kukuruza i 16 uzoraka merkantilne pšenice. Po završetku analize uskladištenih poljoprivrednih proizvoda su zabilježene manje oscilacije u praćenim vrijednostima. Prosječna vlažnost pšenice u prvom mjerenju imala prosjek od 12 % vlage s najnižom, a pri zadnjem mjerenju je imala prosječnu vrijednost od 11,5 % vlage. Prosječna hektolitarska masa pri prvom mjerenju je iznosila 78,7 kg hl-1, a pri zadnjem mjerenju je pšenica imala prosječnu hektolitarsku masu od 81,4 kg hl-1. Vlažnost kukuruza je iznosila 14,7 % kod prvog mjerenja, a kod zadnjeg je vlažnosti iznosila 14,1 %. Prosječna vrijednost hektolitarske mase kod prvog mjerenja je iznosila 68,5 kg hl-1, a kod posljednjeg je iznosila 70,1 kg hl-1. Iz prosječnih vrijednosti možemo zaključiti da su kukuruz i pšenica imali približno idealne uvjete, te da se kvaliteta zrna povećala. Tijekom analize uzoraka pronađena je uginula odrasla jedinka rižinog žiška (Sitophilus oryzae L.) i jedna uginula odrasla jedinka žitnog žiška (Sitophilus granarius L.)., This paper analyses the conditions of mercantile wheat of varieties: Mia and Kraljica, and mercantile corn of hybrids: P9911 and P0217. For 3 months, the following values were monitored: moisture, temperature, hectoliter mass of grains, and presence of pests. 36 samples of mercantile maize and 16 samples of mercantile wheat were analyzed. Upon completion of the analysis of stored agricultural products, little oscillations in the monitored values were observed. Average wheat humidity at the first measurement had an average of 12% of humidity and at the last measurement had an average of 11.5% of humidity. The average hectoliter mass at the first measurement was 78.7 kg hl-1 and at the last measurement wheat had an average hectoliter mass of 81.4 kg hl-1. Maize humidity had an average of 14.7% at the first measurement and at the last measurement the humidity was 14.1%. The average hectoliter mass at the first measurement was 68.5 kg hl-1, and at the last measurement it was 70.1 kg hl-1. From the average values we can conclude that corn and wheat had approximate ideal conditions, and that grain quality increased. During the analysis of samples, one dead adult of rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae L.) and a dead adult of wheat weevil (Sitophilus granarius L.) were found.

U ovom radnu napravljena je analiza stanja merkantilnog kukuruza hibrida P9911 uskladištenog u silosu. Kroz mjesece siječanj, veljaču i ožujak analizirano je 36 uzoraka. Praćena je vlaga zrna, temperatura mase, hektolitarska masa i prisutnost štetnika. Prateći vlagu zrna nije bilo značajne promjene te se vlaga kretala u rasponu od 12,6 % do 14,8 %. Kod analize vlage dolazi do pada vrijednosti u mjesecu ožujku i to za 1,3-1,9 % u odnosu na veljači, dok je razlika između mjeseca ožujka i siječnja bila 1,1-1,6 %. Gledajući temperaturu uočen je rast u mjesecima veljači i ožujku, ali je i dalje temperatura ostala u optimalnom rasponu vrijednost. Hektolitarska masa zrna ostala je konstantna kroz sva tri praćena mjeseca te je njena vrijednosti iznosila od 68,0 kg hl-1 do 72,7 kg hl-1. Pregledom uzoraka na štetnike pronađen je jedan uginuli imago rižinog žiška (Sitophilus oryzae L.), dok su svi ostali uzorci bili iznimno čisti. Promatrajući rezultate dobivene analizom uskladištene robe kukuruza možemo zaključiti da su vlaga zrna, temperatura mase i hektolitarska masa u optimalnim granicama za pravilno skladištenje. Isto tako možemo zaključiti kako su silos i uskladištena masa iznimno čisti te da nije došlo do napada štetnika. Kako bih se zadržali zadovoljavajući uvjeti tijekom daljnjeg skladištenja robe u silosu potrebno je kontinuirano praćenje, uzimanje i analiza robe., This paper presents an analysis of mercantile corn of hybrids P9911 stored in the silo. During January, February and March, 36 samples were analysed and the moisture of grains, mass temperature, hectolitre mass and pest presence were monitored. While observing the grain moisture, there was no significant change and the moisture ranged from 12.6 % to 14.8 %. The moisture analysis showed a decrease of 1.3-1.9 % in March compared to February, while the difference between March and January was 1,1-1,6 %. While analysing the temperature, the growth was detected in February and March, but it remained within the optimum range of values. The hectolitre mass of the grain remained constant over all three monitored months and its value ranged from 68.0 kg hl-1 to 72.7 kg hl-1. By examining the samples on pests, one dead imago of Rice Fist (Sitophilus oryzae L.) was found, while all other samples were extremely clean. Taking into consideration the results obtained by analysing stored corn goods, it can be concluded that grain moisture, mass temperature and hectolitre mass are within optimal limits for proper storage. We can also conclude that the silo and stored mass are extremely clean, and that no pest attack occurred. The constant monitoring, collecting and analysis of goods is required in order to maintain satisfactory conditions during the further storage of goods in the silo.

The current readiness of the agricultural sector in Croatia to transform is limited. Creating and using an open data ecosystem in which data truly is the main force of the innovation process offers an opportunity to strengthen cooperation in this sector. The stakeholders of the agricultural data ecosystem in Croatia were not investigated until now. The main goal of this paper was to identify key stakeholder groups in the Croatian agricultural data ecosystem using a complex query. Five groups of stakeholders with different roles were identified. Their needs are focused on greater cooperation in the sector and they all strive for the economic, environmental, and social sustainability.

U svijetu se koriste biljni pesticidi u tradicionalnim kulturama kao sredstva za zaštitu uskladištenih ţitarica od raznih nametnika. Eterična ulja danas predstavljaju jednu od opcija zaštite usjeva i alternativu u programima suzbijanja različitih štetočinja uskladištenog sjemena, stoga u novije vrijeme dobivaju sve veću vaţnost. U ovom radu ispitana je učinkovitost nanoformulacije na bazi eteričnog ulja lavandina i silika gela u suzbijanju ţitnog kukuljičara Rhyzopertha dominica (Fab.). U pokusu je pripremljena Nanosilika koja je sadrţavala eterično ulje lavandina (13%), emulgator polisorbat Tween®80 (5%), silika gel Sipernat® 50 S (10%) i destiliranu vodu (72%). Nanoformulacija je aplicirana u četiri doze: 300, 500, 700, 800 ppm. Maksimalni mortalitet iznosio je 93,75%, odnosno 97,5% nakon 7, odnosno 14 dana ekspozicije. Prosječne letalne doze su iznosile LD50=361,3 ppm i LD90= 669,7 ppm. Postignuta je značajna inhibicija potomstva u odnosu na potomstvo u kontrolnim uzorcima i to u rasponu od 71,95% do 98,26% ovisno o dozi. Nakon dva mjeseca čuvanja, tretirana pšenica ostala je potpuno neoštećena od napada kukuljičara. Prema dobivenim rezultatima, ova formulacija bi se mogla primijeniti kao jedna od mogućih mjera za zaštitu uskladištenih ţitarica., In the world, within the traditional cultures, plant pesticides are used as a means of protecting stored cereals from various pests. Essential oils today represent one of the option methods for crop protection and an alternative within the programs for control of various stored cereal pests, thus in recent times they are gaining in importance. In this paper, the effectiveness of nanoformulations based on lavender essential oil and silica gel in the control of Rhyzopertha dominica (Fab.) was investigated. In the experiment, Nanosilica containing lavender essential oil (13%), Tween®80 emulsifier polysorbate (5%), Sipernat® 50 S silica gel (10%) and distilled water (72%) was prepared. The nanoformulation was applied in four doses: 300, 500, 700, 800 ppm. Maximum mortality was 93.75% and 97.5% after 7 and 14 days of exposure, respectively. An average lethal doses were LD50 = 361.3 ppm and LD90 = 669.7 ppm. In relation to control treatment, a significant progeny inhibition was achieved ranging from 71.95% to 98.26% depending on the dose. After two months of storing, the treated wheat remained completely undamaged from the attack of R. dominica. According to the obtained results, this formulation could be applied as one possible measures for protection of stored cereals

Saccharomyces cerevisiae najčešće je korištena vrsta kvasca u vinarskoj proizvodnji dok je vrsta Lachancea thermotolerans noviji pripadnik selekcioniranih ne-Saccharomyces kvasaca. Ističe se sposobnošću zakiseljavanja moštova niže ukupne kiselosti, iz toplih vinogradarskih regija, najčešće u sekvencijalnoj inokulaciji sa S. cerevisiae. Formiranje boje vina i sastav antocijana tijekom vinifikacije pod utjecajem su kvasaca, odnosno adsorpcijskih karakteristika stanične stjenke kvasca. Cilj ovog rada bio je utvrditi razlike u učinku sekvencijalne inokulacije komercijalnim sojevima L. thermotolerans x S. cerevisiae u usporedbi s tretmanima sa S. cerevisiae i epifitnim kvascima, na sastav antocijana u vinu ´Trnjak´. Rezultati analiza ukazali su na značajno niže koncentracije antocijana u tretmanu L. thermotolerans x S. cerevisiae.