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69 results on '"Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito)"'

1. Emerging topics in nanophononics and elastic, acoustic, and mechanical metamaterials: An overview

Author: Anastasiia O. Krushynska, Daniel Torrent, Alejandro M. Aragón, Raffaele Ardito, Osama R. Bilal, Bernard Bonello, Federico Bosia, Yi Chen, Johan Christensen, Andrea Colombi, Steven A. Cummer, Bahram Djafari-Rouhani, Fernando Fraternali, Pavel I. Galich, Pedro David Garcia, Jean-Philippe Groby, Vincent Tournat, Sebastien Guenneau, Michael R. Haberman, Mahmoud I. Hussein, Shahram Janbaz, Noé Jiménez, Abdelkrim Khelif, Vincent Laude, MohammadJ.Mirzaali, Pawel Packo, Antonio Palermo, Yan Pennec, Rubén Picó, María Rosendo López, Stephan Rudykh, Marc Serra-Garcia, Clivia M. Sotomayor Torres, Timothy A. Starkey, Oliver B. Wright, University of Groningen [Groningen], Universitat Jaume I, University of Connecticut (UCONN), Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Department of Applied Science and Technology [Politecnico di Torino] (DISAT), Institute of geographical sciences and natural resources research [CAS] (IGSNRR), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Universidad Carlos III de Madrid [Madrid] (UC3M), Institute of Structural Engineering [ETH Zürich] (IBK), Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering [ETH Zürich] (D-BAUG), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering [Durham] (ECE), Duke University [Durham], Physique - IEMN (PHYSIQUE - IEMN), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), University of Salerno (UNISA), Abraham de Moivre, Imperial College London-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du Mans (LAUM), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), This work is supported by the DYNAMO project (101046489) funded by the European Union. this publication is part of the project PID2021-124814NB-C22, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ 'FEDER A way of making Europe'., University of Connecticut [UCONN], Institut des Nanosciences de Paris [INSP], Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin [Polito], Department of Applied Science and Technology [Politecnico di Torino] [DISAT], Institute of geographical sciences and natural resources research [CAS] [IGSNRR], Universidad Carlos III de Madrid [Madrid] [UC3M], Institute of Structural Engineering [ETH Zürich] [IBK], Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering [Durham] [ECE], Physique - IEMN [PHYSIQUE - IEMN], Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 [IEMN], University of Salerno [UNISA], Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du Mans [LAUM], Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives [CEA], Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) [FEMTO-ST], Computational Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Krushynska A.O., Torrent D., Aragon A.M., Ardito R., Bilal O.R., Bonello B., Bosia F., Chen Y., Christensen J., Colombi A., Cummer S.A., Djafari-Rouhani B., Fraternali F., Galich P.I., Garcia P.D., Groby J.-P., Guenneau S., Haberman M.R., Hussein M.I., Janbaz S., Jimenez N., Khelif A., Laude V., Mirzaali M.J., Packo P., Palermo A., Pennec Y., Pico R., Lopez M.R., Rudykh S., Serra-Garcia M., Sotomayor Torres C.M., Starkey T.A., Tournat V., and Wright O.B.
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Technology, metamaterial, EUROMECH, optomechanic, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, optomechanics, acoustic, mechanic, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], metamaterials, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, acoustics, wave dynamics, ddc:600, nanophononics, additive manufacturing, mechanics, Biotechnology
Abstract: This broad review summarizes recent advances and "hot"research topics in nanophononics and elastic, acoustic, and mechanical metamaterials based on results presented by the authors at the EUROMECH 610 Colloquium held on April 25-27, 2022 in Benicássim, Spain. The key goal of the colloquium was to highlight important developments in these areas, particularly new results that emerged during the last two years. This work thus presents a "snapshot"of the state-of-the-art of different nanophononics- and metamaterial-related topics rather than a historical view on these subjects, in contrast to a conventional review article. The introduction of basic definitions for each topic is followed by an outline of design strategies for the media under consideration, recently developed analysis and implementation techniques, and discussions of current challenges and promising applications. This review, while not comprehensive, will be helpful especially for early-career researchers, among others, as it offers a broad view of the current state-of-the-art and highlights some unique and flourishing research in the mentioned fields, providing insight into multiple exciting research directions., Nanophotonics, 12 (4), ISSN:2192-8614
Published: 2023

2. Bio-inspired non self-similar hierarchical elastic metamaterials

Author: M. Mazzotti, A. Foehr, O.R. Bilal, A. Bergamini, F. Bosia, C. Daraio, N.M. Pugno, M. Miniaci, University of Colorado [Boulder], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), University of Connecticut (UCONN), Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EMPA), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Department of Applied Science and Technology [Politecnico di Torino] (DISAT), University of Trento [Trento], Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Acoustique - IEMN (ACOUSTIQUE - IEMN), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), M. Miniaci is supported by the EU H2020 ERC StG «POSEIDON», Grant Agreement No. 101039576.A. Bergamini, F. Bosia, N.M. Pugno, M. Miniaci are supported by the EU H2020 FET Open «BOHEME», Grant Agreement No. 863179.C. Daraio acknowledges financial support from the Department of Energy under grant DE-SC0021253., European Project: 101039576,Horizon Europe,ERC-2021-STG,POSEIDON(2022), European Project: 863179,H2020,H2020-FETOPEN-2018-2019-2020-01,BOHEME(2020), California Institute of Technology [CALTECH], University of Connecticut [UCONN], Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology [Dübendorf] [EMPA], Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin [Polito], Department of Applied Science and Technology [Politecnico di Torino] [DISAT], Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 [IEMN], and Acoustique - IEMN [ACOUSTIQUE - IEMN]
Subjects: Phononic crystals and metamaterials, Hierarchical structures, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Wave propagation, Mechanics of Materials, Mechanical Engineering, General Materials Science, Condensed Matter Physics, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: Hierarchy provides unique opportunities for the design of advanced materials with superior properties that arise from architecture, rather than from constitutive material response. Contrary to the quasi-static regime, where the potential of hierarchy has been largely explored, its role in vibration mitigation and wave manipulation remains elusive. So far, the majority of the studies concerning hierarchical elastic metamaterials have proposed a self-similar repetition of a specific unit cell at multiple scale levels, leading to the activation of the same bandgap mechanism at different frequencies. On the contrary, here, we show that by designing non self-similar hierarchical geometries allows us to create periodic structures supporting multiple, highly attenuative and broadband bandgaps involving (independently or simultaneously) different scattering mechanisms, namely, Bragg scattering, local resonance and/or inertial amplification, at different frequencies. The type of band gap mechanism is identified and discussed by examining the vibrational mode shapes and the imaginary component of the wavenumber in the dispersion diagram of the unit cell. We also experimentally confirm this by performing measurements in the lowest frequency regime on a 3D printed structure. Hierarchical design strategies may find application in vibration mitigation for civil, aerospace and mechanical engineering., International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 241, ISSN:0020-7403
Published: 2023

3. Understanding the Effects of Permanent Faults in GPU's Parallelism Management and Control Units

Author: Guerrero-Balaguera, Juan-David, Condia, Josie E. Rodriguez, Santos, Fernando F. dos, Sonza, Matteo, Rech, Paolo, Department of Computer Engineering (DAUIN), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Architectures matérielles spécialisées pour l’ère post loi-de-Moore (TARAN), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-ARCHITECTURE (IRISA-D3), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), University of Trento [Trento], ACM, IEEE, and European Project: 899546,MSCA
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, [INFO.INFO-AR]Computer Science [cs]/Hardware Architecture [cs.AR], GPUs, fault injection, Hardware Architecture (cs.AR), Permanent faults, Computer Science - Hardware Architecture, Reliability, Error models, Error models GPUs Permanent faults Reliability fault injection
Abstract: International audience; Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) are over-stressed to accelerate High-Performance Computing applications and are used to accelerate Deep Neural Networks in several domains where they have a life expectancy of many years. These conditions expose the GPUs hardware to (premature) aging, causing permanent faults to arise after the usual end-of-manufacturing test. Techniques to assess the impact of permanent faults in GPUs are then strongly required, thus allowing to estimate the reliability risk and to possibly mitigate it. In this paper, we present a method to evaluate the effects of permanent faults affecting the GPU scheduler and control units, which are the most peculiar and stressed resources, along with the first figures that allow quantifying these effects. We characterize over 5.83x10^5 permanent fault effects in the scheduler and controllers of a gate-level GPU model. Then, we map the observed error categories in software by instrumenting the code of 13 applications and two convolutional neural networks, injecting more than 1.65x10^5 permanent errors. Our two-level fault injection strategy reduces the evaluation time from hundreds of years of gate-level evaluation to hundreds of hours.We found that faults in the GPU parallelism management units can modify the opcode, the addresses, and the status of thread(s) and warp(s). The large majority (up to 99%) of these hardware permanent errors impacts the running software execution. Errors affecting the instruction operation or resource management hang the code, while 45% of errors in the parallelism management or control-flow induce silent data corruptions.
Published: 2023

4. A Survey on Deep Learning Resilience Assessment Methodologies

Author: Annachiara Ruospo, Ernesto Sanchez, Lucas Matana Luza, Luigi Dilillo, Marcello Traiola, Alberto Bosio, Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Test and dEpendability of microelectronic integrated SysTems (TEST), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Architectures matérielles spécialisées pour l’ère post loi-de-Moore (TARAN), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-ARCHITECTURE (IRISA-D3), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: learning, Resilience, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], General Computer Science, [INFO.INFO-ES]Computer Science [cs]/Embedded Systems, Safety, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Reliability, Focusing
Abstract: International audience; Deep Learning (DL) applications are gaining increasing interest in the industry and academia for their outstanding computational capabilities. Indeed, they have found successful applications in various areas and domains such as avionics, robotics, automotive, medical wearable devices, gaming; some have been labeled as safety-critical, as system failures can compromise human life. Consequently, DL reliability is becoming a growing concern, and efficient reliability assessment approaches are required to meet safety constraints. This paper presents a survey of the main DL reliability assessment methodologies, focusing mainly on Fault Injection (FI) techniques used to evaluate the DL resilience. The article describes some of the most representative state-of-the-art academic and industrial works describing FI methodologies at different levels of abstraction. Finally, a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of each methodology is proposed to provide valuable guidelines for carrying out safety analyses.
Published: 2023

5. Management of Big data: An empirical investigation of the Too-Much-of-a-Good-Thing effect in medium and large firms

Author: Vitari, Claudio, Raguseo, Elisabetta, Pigni, Federico, Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille (CERGAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), and EESC-GEM Grenoble Ecole de Management
Subjects: Too-Much-of-a-Good-Thing effect, Big data, business value, Management of Technology and Innovation, [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, inverted U-shaped curve, medium and large firms, Management Information Systems
Abstract: International audience; Firms adopt Big data solutions, but a body of evidence suggests that Big data in some cases may create more problems than benefits. We hypothesize that the problem may not be Big data in itself but rather too much of it. These kinds of effects echo the Too-Much-of-a-Good-Thing (TMGT) effect in the field of management. This theory also seems meaningful and applicable in management information systems. We contribute to assessments of the TMGT effect related to Big data by providing an answer to the following question: When does the extension of Big data lead to value erosion? We collected data from a sample of medium and large firms and established a set of regression models to test the relationship between Big data and value creation, considering firm size as a moderator. The data confirm the existence of both an inverted U-shaped curve and firm size moderation. These results extend the applicability of the TMGT effect theory and are useful for firms exploring investments in Big data.
Published: 2023

6. Digital Twins and Healthcare: Quick Overview and Human-Centric Perspectives

Author: Barresi, Giacinto, Gaggioli, Andrea, Sternini, Federico, Ravizza, Alice, Pacchierotti, Claudio, de Michieli, Lorenzo, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore [Milano] (Unicatt), Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS Ospedale San Luca [Milan, Italy] (IAI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele [Milan, Italy], Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Sensor-based and interactive robotics (RAINBOW), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-RÉALITÉ VIRTUELLE, HUMAINS VIRTUELS, INTERACTIONS ET ROBOTIQUE (IRISA-D5), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)
Subjects: Digital Twin, mHealth, precision medicine, Digital Health, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], simulation, Phygital Twin, human-centric technology
Abstract: Digital Twins constitute a class of innovative data-intensive network-based computing solutions based on real-time interactive simulations of physical systems-Physical Twins-in multiple domains, representing and predicting the states of complex systems (from bacteria to cities). However, the variety of Digital Twins proposed in literature makes difficult to shape a general definition for this class of computational tools (possibly merging with phygital systems). On the other hand, this is a sign of the versatility of Digital Twins, in both their own capability to solve heterogeneous problems in real world and to inspire novel approaches to handle the uncertainty in complex systems. Such advantages are also explored in fields like healthcare, especially considering domains of Digital Health and mHealth. Indeed, major efforts in research are pushing the methodological and technological boundaries of biomedical sciences, translational research, and precision medicine. Such efforts should be pursued for implementing Digital Twins helping, for instance, the humancentric optimization of the resources allocation in healthcare settings (hospitals, homes, and cities). This chapter will present the opportunity and the ethical issues of using these systems for foreseeing the future states of a person or a population (a need that certainly was highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic) or a system including a medical device and its user.
Published: 2023

7. Guest Editors Introduction: Special Section on Recent Advances in Network Security Management

Author: Remi Badonnel, Carol Fung, Sandra Scott-Hayward, Qi Li, Fulvio Valenza, Cristian Hesselman, Resilience and Elasticity for Security and ScalabiliTy of dynamic networked systems (RESIST), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Department of Networks, Systems and Services (LORIA - NSS), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), SIDN Labs, and University of Twente
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Computer Networks and Communications, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

8. The creation of digital innovative start-ups: the role of digital knowledge spillovers and digital skill endowment

Author: Colombelli, Alessandra, Paolucci, Emilio, Raguseo, Elisabetta, Elia, Gianluca, Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille (CERGAM), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)
Subjects: Digital start-ups, [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship, Digital knowledge spillovers, Digital skill endowment
Abstract: Building on the Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship (KSTE) and the Digital Entrepreneurial Ecosystem (DEE) approach, this paper investigates the relationship between the local availability of digital knowledge (i.e., digital knowledge spillovers and digital skill endowment) and the creation of digital innovative start-ups in Italian NUTS3 regions. The obtained results show that both elements are significant for the creation of digital innovative start-ups at the province level, and a two-fold contribution has been made: from a theory perspective, an extension of KSTE to digital settings has been used to assess the relevance of geographical issues, while, from a DEE perspective, the study contributes by empirically analyzing the specific characteristics of the local ecosystem that can affect the creation of digital innovative start-ups. Finally, we discuss the implications for entrepreneurship and technology policy at the local level.
Published: 2023

9. A geometric analysis of the impact of large but finite switching rates on vaccination evolutionary games

Author: Della Marca, Rossella, d'Onofrio, Alberto, Sensi, Mattia, Sottile, Sara, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati / International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA / ISAS), Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, Mathématiques pour les Neurosciences (MATHNEURO), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), and Università degli Studi di Trento (UNITN)
Subjects: fast-slow system, Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE), behavioural epidemiology of infectious diseases, Dynamical Systems (math.DS), fast-slow system behavioural epidemiology of infectious diseases entry-exit function vaccine hesitancy mathematical epidemiology geometric singular perturbation theory, FOS: Biological sciences, FOS: Mathematics, geometric singular perturbation theory, vaccine hesitancy, entry-exit function, Mathematics - Dynamical Systems, [MATH]Mathematics [math], Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution, mathematical epidemiology
Abstract: In contemporary society, social networks accelerate decision dynamics causing a rapid switch of opinions in a number of fields, including the prevention of infectious diseases by means of vaccines. This means that opinion dynamics can nowadays be much faster than the spread of epidemics. Hence, we propose a Susceptible-Infectious-Removed epidemic model coupled with an evolutionary vaccination game embedding the public health system efforts to increase vaccine uptake. This results in a global system ``epidemic model + evolutionary game''. The epidemiological novelty of this work is that we assume that the switching to the strategy ``pro vaccine'' depends on the incidence of the disease. As a consequence of the above-mentioned accelerated decisions, the dynamics of the system acts on two different scales: a fast scale for the vaccine decisions and a slower scale for the spread of the disease. Another, and more methodological, element of novelty is that we apply Geometrical Singular Perturbation Theory (GSPT) to such a two-scale model and we then compare the geometric analysis with the Quasi-Steady-State Approximation (QSSA) approach, showing a criticality in the latter. Later, we apply the GSPT approach to the disease prevalence-based model already studied in (Della Marca and d'Onofrio, Comm Nonl Sci Num Sim, 2021) via the QSSA approach by considering medium-large values of the strategy switching parameter., Comment: 26 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2023

10. A geometric analysis of the SIRS model with secondary infections

Author: Kaklamanos, Panagiotis, Pugliese, Andrea, Sensi, Mattia, Sottile, Sara, School of Mathematics - University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Università degli Studi di Trento (UNITN), Mathématiques pour les Neurosciences (MATHNEURO), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), and Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito)
Subjects: Physics - Physics and Society, FOS: Biological sciences, Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE), FOS: Mathematics, FOS: Physical sciences, Dynamical Systems (math.DS), Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph), [MATH]Mathematics [math], Mathematics - Dynamical Systems, Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution, 34C23, 34C60, 34E13, 34E15, 37N25, 92D30
Abstract: We propose a compartmental model for a disease with temporary immunity and secondary infections. From our assumptions on the parameters involved in the model, the system naturally evolves in three time scales. We characterize the equilibria of the system and analyze their stability. We find conditions for the existence of two endemic equilibria, for some cases in which $\mathcal{R}_0 < 1$. Then, we unravel the interplay of the three time scales, providing conditions to foresee whether the system evolves in all three scales, or only in the fast and the intermediate ones. We conclude with numerical simulations and bifurcation analysis, to complement our analytical results., 31 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2023

11. Analyzing today geometry on architectural heritage between mathematics and representation to define architect's background

Author: Caterina Cumino, Martino Pavignano, Ursula Zich, and Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito)
Subjects: Mathematical Modeling, DGS, Physical Models, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, Architecture, Digital Models, Geometry, CAD, Representation, Visualization, [MATH]Mathematics [math]
Abstract: We present and analyze an example of activity aiming at introducing graphical language and standards to students of the first year bachelor's in architecture. Our example concerns the 2D representation of an architectural object, an essential competency in the architect's profession, and specifically deals with roofing systems made up of vaults generated by cylinders and their intersections. It is a first attempt to create activities that involve all students regardless of their different levels of geometric understanding and of familiarity with graphic language; in particular, this example exploits the introduction of physical or virtual models to support the mathematical thinking of students in completing the task and takes place during regular lesson times, without modifying or adding mathematical subject contents. Research literature on mathematical modeling, in particular on the so-called prescriptive one, provides us tools to frame and implement our study case; it also allows presenting mathematical modeling as a goal in an extra-mathematical educational context., Nous présentons et analysons un exemple d'activité visant à initier au langage graphique codé des étudiants de première année de licence en architecture. Notre exemple concerne la représentation 2D d'un objet architectural, une compétence essentielle dans le métier d'architecte, et traite spécifiquement des systèmes de couverture constitués de voûtes générées par des cylindres et par leurs intersections. Il s'agit d'une première tentative de créer des activités qui impliquent tous les élèves, quels que soient leurs différents niveaux de compréhension géométrique et de familiarité avec le langage graphique ; en particulier, l'exemple présenté exploite l'introduction de modèles physiques ou virtuels pour soutenir la pensée mathématique des élèves dans la réalisation de la tâche et se déroule pendant le temps normal de cours, sans modifier ni ajouter le contenu mathématique établi dans les programmes d'études. La littérature de recherche sur la modélisation mathématique, en particulier celle dite prescriptive, nous fournit les outils pour cadrer et mettre en œuvre notre étude; il permet également de présenter la modélisation mathématique comme un objectif dans un contexte éducatif extra-mathématique.
Published: 2023

12. Navigation system based routing strategies in traffic flows on networks

Author: Festa, Adriano, Goatin, Paola, Vicini, Fabio, Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Analysis and Control of Unsteady Models for Engineering Sciences (ACUMES), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Laboratoire Jean Alexandre Dieudonné (LJAD), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)
Subjects: Macroscopic models, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], Road Networks, Controlled systems, Traffic flows
Abstract: Navigation choices play an important role in modeling and forecasting traffic flows on road networks. We introduce a macroscopic differential model coupling a conservation law with a Hamilton-Jacobi equation to respectively model the nonlinear transportation process and the strategic choices of users. Furthermore, the model is adapted to the multi-population case, where every population differs in the level of traffic information about the system.
Published: 2023

13. PALANTIR: Zero-Trust Architecture for Managed Security Service Provider

Author: Compastié, Maxime, Sisinni, Silvia, Gurung, Supreshna, Fernández, Carolina, Jacquin, Ludovic, Mlakar, Izidor, Šafran, Valentino, Lioy, Antonio, Pedone, Ignazio, i2Cat Foundation, Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Hewlett Packard Enterprise (Hewlett Packard) (HPE), Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Sfera IT d.o.o., The work described in this article has received funding by the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, supported under Grant Agreement no. 883335. Part of this work is alsosupported by the Spanish Government Grant ONOFRE-3 PID2020-112675RB-C43 funded by MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033., CEUR Workshop Proceedings, and European Project: 883335,PALANTIR
Subjects: Managed Security, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], [INFO.INFO-CR]Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR], cybersecurity, Remediation, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Trusted Computing, [INFO.INFO-RO]Computer Science [cs]/Operations Research [cs.RO], Zero-Trust, Integrity Measurement, Zero-Trust Architecture
Abstract: International audience; The H2020 PALANTIR project aims at delivering a Security-as-a-Service solution to SMEs and microenterprises via the exploitation of containerised Network Functions. However, these functions are conceived by third-party developers and can also be deployed in untrustworthy virtualisation layers, depending on the subscribed delivery model. Therefore, they cannot be trusted and require a stringent monitoring to ensure their harmlessness, as well as adequate measures to remediate any nefarious activities. This paper justifies, details and evaluates a Zero-Trust architecture supporting PALANTIR’s solution. Specifically, PALANTIR periodically attests the service and infrastructure’s components for signs of compromise by implementing the Trusted Computing paradigm. Verification addresses the firmware, OS and software using UEFI measured boot and Linux Integrity Measurement Architecture, extended to support containerised application attestation. Mitigation actions are supervised by the Recovery Service and the Security Orchestrator based on OSM to, respectively, determine the adequate remediation actions from a recovery policy and enforce them down to the lower layers of the infrastructure through local authenticated enablers. We detail an implementation prototype serving a baseline for quantitative evaluation of our work.
Published: 2023
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14. Special Session: Neuromorphic hardware design and reliability from traditional CMOS to emerging technologies

Author: Pavanello, Fabio, Vatajelu, Ioana, Bosio, Alberto, van Vaerenbergh, Thomas, Bienstman, Peter, Charbonnier, Benoit, Carpegna, Alessio, Di Carlo, Stefano, Savino, Alessandro, INL - Ingénierie et conversion de lumière (i-Lum) (INL - I-Lum), Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Architectures and Methods for Resilient Systems (TIMA-AMfoRS ), Techniques de l'Informatique et de la Microélectronique pour l'Architecture des systèmes intégrés (TIMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), INL - Conception de Systèmes Hétérogènes (INL - CSH), Hewlett Packard Labs [Diegem] (HPE), Hewlett Packard Enterprise (Hewlett Packard) (HPE), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Department of Computer Engineering (DAUIN), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), IEEE, ANR-19-CE24-0001,EMINENT,Test et fiabilité des réseaux de neurones impulsionnels basées sur des mémoires émergentes(2019), and European Project: 101070238,HORIZON-CL4-2021-DIGITAL-EMERGING-01 ,NEUROPULS(2023)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-AR]Computer Science [cs]/Hardware Architecture [cs.AR], Signal Processing (eess.SP), FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Emerging Technologies, [INFO.INFO-NE]Computer Science [cs]/Neural and Evolutionary Computing [cs.NE], PACS: 85.42, Emerging Technologies (cs.ET), neuromorphic hardware, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing, augmented silicon photonics, artificial neural networks, spiking neural network (SNN)
Abstract: The field of neuromorphic computing has been rapidly evolving in recent years, with an increasing focus on hardware design and reliability. This special session paper provides an overview of the recent developments in neuromorphic computing, focusing on hardware design and reliability. We first review the traditional CMOS-based approaches to neuromorphic hardware design and identify the challenges related to scalability, latency, and power consumption. We then investigate alternative approaches based on emerging technologies, specifically integrated photonics approaches within the NEUROPULS project. Finally, we examine the impact of device variability and aging on the reliability of neuromorphic hardware and present techniques for mitigating these effects. This review is intended to serve as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in neuromorphic computing., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables
Published: 2023
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15. Isogeometric hierarchical model reduction for advection–diffusion process simulation in microchannels

Author: Perotto, Simona, Bellini, Gloria, Ballarin, Francesco, Calò, Karol, Mazzi, Valentina, Morbiducci, Umberto, Fondazione Politecnico di Milano, Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore [Brescia] (Unicatt), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), and European Project: 872442,ARIA(2019)
Subjects: hierarchical model reduction, [MATH]Mathematics [math], Settore MAT/08 - ANALISI NUMERICA
Abstract: 17 pages; International audience; Microfluidics proved to be a key technology in various applications, allowing to reproduce large-scale laboratory settings at a more sustainable small-scale. The current effort is focused on enhancing the mixing process of different passive species at the micro-scale, where a laminar flow regime damps turbulence effects. Chaotic advection is often used to improve mixing effects also at very low Reynolds numbers. In particular, we focus on passive micromixers, where chaotic advection is mainly achieved by properly selecting the geometry of microchannels. In such a context, reduced order modeling can play a role, especially in the design of new geometries. In this chapter, we verify the reliability and the computational benefits lead by a Hierarchical Model (HiMod) reduction when modeling the transport of a passive scalar in an S-shaped microchannel. Such a geometric configuration provides an ideal setting where to apply a HiMod approximation, which exploits the presence of a leading dynamics to commute the original three-dimensional model into a system of one-dimensional coupled problems. It can be proved that HiMod reduction guarantees a very good accuracy when compared with a high-fidelity model, despite a drastic reduction in terms of number of unknowns.
Published: 2023

16. NEUROPULS: NEUROmorphic energy-efficient secure accelerators based on Phase change materials aUgmented siLicon photonicS

Author: Pavanello, Fabio, Marchand, Cédric, O'Connor, Ian, Orobtchouk, Régis, Mandorlo, Fabien, Letartre, Xavier, Cueff, Sébastien, Vatajelu, Ioana, Di Natale, Giorgio, Cluzel, Benoit, Coillet, Aurélien, Charbonnier, Benoit, Noé, Pierre, Kaván, František, Zoldak, Martin, Szaj, Michal, Bienstman, Peter, van Vaerenbergh, Thomas, Rührmair, Ulrich, Flores, Paulo, Guerra E Silva, Luis, Chaves, Ricardo, Silveira, Luis Miguel, Ceccato, Mariano, Gizopoulos, Dimitris, Papadimitriou, George, Karakostas, Vasileios, Brando, Axel, Cazorla, Francisco Javier, Canal, Ramon, Closas, Pau, Gusi Amigo, Adrià, Crovetti, Paolo Stefano, Carpegna, Alessio, Tzamn, Melendez Carmona, Di Carlo, Stefano, Savino, Alessandro, INL - Ingénierie et conversion de lumière (i-Lum) (INL - I-Lum), Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INL - Conception de Systèmes Hétérogènes (INL - CSH), Architectures and Methods for Resilient Systems (TIMA-AMfoRS ), Techniques de l'Informatique et de la Microélectronique pour l'Architecture des systèmes intégrés (TIMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Argotech a.s., Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Fakultät für Physik - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität [München/Munich] (LMU), Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] (LMU), Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores (INESC), Department of Computer Science [Verona] (UNIVR | DI), Università degli studi di Verona = University of Verona (UNIVR), Department of Informatics and Telecomunications [Kapodistrian Univ] (DI NKUA), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion (BSC - CNS), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), Albora Technologies Limited [Barcelona], Department of Electronics and Telecommunications = DET Dipartimento di Elettronica e Telecomunicazioni [Politecnico di Torino] (DET), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Department of Computer Engineering (DAUIN), IEEE, and European Project: 101070238,HORIZON-CL4-2021-DIGITAL-EMERGING-01 ,NEUROPULS(2023)
Subjects: Signal Processing (eess.SP), FOS: Computer and information sciences, PACS 85.42, Hardware Architecture (cs.AR), FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, modeling, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Computer Science - Hardware Architecture, simulation, artificial neural networks
Abstract: This special session paper introduces the Horizon Europe NEUROPULS project, which targets the development of secure and energy-efficient RISC-V interfaced neuromorphic accelerators using augmented silicon photonics technology. Our approach aims to develop an augmented silicon photonics platform, an FPGA-powered RISC-V-connected computing platform, and a complete simulation platform to demonstrate the neuromorphic accelerator capabilities. In particular, their main advantages and limitations will be addressed concerning the underpinning technology for each platform. Then, we will discuss three targeted use cases for edge-computing applications: Global National Satellite System (GNSS) anti-jamming, autonomous driving, and anomaly detection in edge devices. Finally, we will address the reliability and security aspects of the stand-alone accelerator implementation and the project use cases., Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, conference
Published: 2023
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17. The Internet of Sounds:Convergent Trends, Insights and Future Directions

Author: Luca Turchet, Mathieu Lagrange, Cristina Rottondi, György Fazekas, Nils Peters, Jan Østergaard, Frederic Font, Tom Bäckström, Carlo Fischione, Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science (University of Trento ) (DISI), University of Trento [Trento], Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes (LS2N), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Centrale de Nantes (Nantes Univ - ECN), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Department of Electronics and Telecommunications [Torino] (DET), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Centre for Digital Music, Queen Mary University of London, Centre for Digital Music, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL)-Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), International Audio Laboratories Erlangen (AUDIO LABS), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)-Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (Fraunhofer IIS), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)-Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Department of Electronic Systems - Aalborg University, Aalborg University [Denmark] (AAU), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Aalto University, KTH ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY STOCKHOLM SWE, Partenaires IRSTEA, and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
Subjects: Market research, Internet of things, Internet of audio things, Computer Networks and Communications, Music information retrieval, Embedded systems, Internet of Things, Wireless communication, music information retrieval, semantic audio, Machine listening, Ecosystems, Hardware, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Internet of Musical Things, Internet of musical things, machine listening, Computer Science Applications, Semantic audio, Music, Audio, Internet of Things, Internet of Musical Things, Internet of Audio Things, machine listening, music information retrieval, semantic audio, embedded systems, Internet of Audio Things, Hardware and Architecture, Audio, Signal Processing, embedded systems, Music, Software, Information Systems
Abstract: Data de publicació electrònica: 07-03-2023 Current sound-based practices and systems developed in both academia and industry point to convergent research trends that bring together the field of Sound and Music Computing with that of the Internet of Things. This paper proposes a vision for the emerging field of the Internet of Sounds (IoS), which stems from such disciplines. The IoS relates to the network of Sound Things, i.e., devices capable of sensing, acquiring, processing, actuating, and exchanging data serving the purpose of communicating sound-related information. In the IoS paradigm, which merges under a unique umbrella the emerging fields of the Internet of Musical Things and the Internet of Audio Things, heterogeneous devices dedicated to musical and non-musical tasks can interact and cooperate with one another and with other things connected to the Internet to facilitate sound-based services and applications that are globally available to the users. We survey the state of the art in this space, discuss the technological and non-technological challenges ahead of us and propose a comprehensive research agenda for the field.
Published: 2023

18. Laplacian Filtered Loop-Star Decompositions and Quasi-Helmholtz Filters: Definitions, Analysis, and Efficient Algorithms

Author: Merlini, Adrien, Henry, Clément, Consoli, Davide, Rahmouni, Lyes, Dély, Alexandre, Andriulli, Francesco, Equipe PIM (Lab-STICC_PIM), Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Département Micro-Ondes (IMT Atlantique - MO), IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Department of Electronics and Telecommunications = DET Dipartimento di Elettronica e Telecomunicazioni [Politecnico di Torino] (DET), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), ANR CominLabs, and European Project: 724846,321
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-COMP-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Computational Physics [physics.comp-ph]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023

19. Variant-driven early warning via unsupervised machine learning analysis of spike protein mutations for COVID-19

Author: Adele de Hoffer, Shahram Vatani, Corentin Cot, Giacomo Cacciapaglia, Maria Luisa Chiusano, Andrea Cimarelli, Francesco Conventi, Antonio Giannini, Stefan Hohenegger, Francesco Sannino, Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli (INFN, Sezione di Napoli), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Parthenope' = University of Naples (PARTHENOPE), University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC), University of Southern Denmark (SDU), CIMARELLI, Andrea, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Multidisciplinary, SARS-CoV-2, Mutation, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, COVID-19, Humans, Unsupervised Machine Learning, [PHYS] Physics [physics]
Abstract: Never before such a vast amount of data, including genome sequencing, has been collected for any viral pandemic than for the current case of COVID-19. This offers the possibility to trace the virus evolution and to assess the role mutations play in its spread within the population, in real time. To this end, we focused on the Spike protein for its central role in mediating viral outbreak and replication in host cells. Employing the Levenshtein distance on the Spike protein sequences, we designed a machine learning algorithm yielding a temporal clustering of the available dataset. From this, we were able to identify and define emerging persistent variants that are in agreement with known evidences. Our novel algorithm allowed us to define persistent variants as chains that remain stable over time and to highlight emerging variants of epidemiological interest as branching events that occur over time. Hence, we determined the relationship and temporal connection between variants of interest and the ensuing passage to dominance of the current variants of concern. Remarkably, the analysis and the relevant tools introduced in our work serve as an early warning for the emergence of new persistent variants once the associated cluster reaches 1% of the time-binned sequence data. We validated our approach and its effectiveness on the onset of the Alpha variant of concern. We further predict that the recently identified lineage AY.4.2 (‘Delta plus’) is causing a new emerging variant. Comparing our findings with the epidemiological data we demonstrated that each new wave is dominated by a new emerging variant, thus confirming the hypothesis of the existence of a strong correlation between the birth of variants and the pandemic multi-wave temporal pattern. The above allows us to introduce the epidemiology of variants that we described via the Mutation epidemiological Renormalisation Group framework.
Published: 2022

20. Zinc detection in oil-polluted marine environment by stripping voltammetry with mercury-free nanoporous gold electrode

Author: M-C, Clochard, O, Oral, T L, Wade, O, Cavani, M, Castellino, L Medina, Ligiero, T, Elan, Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés (LSI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LSI - Physique et Chimie des nano-objets (PCN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Applied Science and Technology [Politecnico di Torino] (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Total Energies, TOTAL S.A., Pôle d’Études et de Recherches de Lacq, 64170 Lacq, France, and TotalEnergies
Subjects: Ions, Nanopores, Zinc, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, Multidisciplinary, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Electrochemistry, Water, Gold, Mercury, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Electrodes
Abstract: Detection of Zn(II) in oil-polluted seawater via square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SW-ASV) utilizing thin gold electrodes sputtered onto nanoporous poly(acrylic acid)-grafted-poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PAA-g-PVDF) membrane is herein reported. Prior to SW-ASV, PAA grafted nanopores demonstrated to efficiently trap Zn(II) ions at open circuit. This passive adsorption followed a Langmuir law. An affinity constant of 1.41 L $$\upmu $$ μ mol$$^{-1}$$ - 1 and a maximum Zn(II) adsorbed mass q$$_{max}$$ max of 1.21 $$\upmu $$ μ mol g$$^{-1}$$ - 1 were found. Applied SW-ASV protocol implied an accumulation step (− 1.2 V for 120 s) followed by a stripping step (− 1.2 to 1 V; 25 Hz; step: 4 mV; amplitude: 25 mV; acetate buffer (pH 5.5)). It revealed a Zn redox potential at − 0.8 V (Ag/AgCl pseudo-reference). Multiple measurements in synthetic waters close to the composition of production waters exhibited a decreasing precision with the number of readings R (1.65$$\%$$ % (R = 2) and 6.56$$\%$$ % (R = 3)). These membrane-electrodes should be used as disposable. The intra-batch mean precision was 14$$\%$$ % (n = 3) while inter-batches precision was 20$$\%$$ % (n = 15). Linear and linear-log calibrations allow exploitation of Zn(II) concentrations ranging from 10 to 500 $$\upmu $$ μ g L$$^{-1}$$ - 1 and 100 to 1000 $$\upmu $$ μ g L$$^{-1}$$ - 1 respectively. The LOD was 4.2 $$\upmu $$ μ g L$$^{-1}$$ - 1 (3S/N). Thanks to obtained calibration, a detected Zn(II) content of 1 ppm in a raw production water from North Sea oil platform was determined.
Published: 2022

21. Characterizing a Neutron-Induced Fault Model for Deep Neural Networks

Author: Fernando Fernandes dos Santos, Angeliki Kritikakou, Josie E. Rodriguez Condia, Juan-David Guerrero-Balaguera, Matteo Sonza Reorda, Olivier Sentieys, Paolo Rech, Architectures matérielles spécialisées pour l’ère post loi-de-Moore (TARAN), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-ARCHITECTURE (IRISA-D3), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Università degli Studi di Trento (UNITN), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie (MSCA) grant agreement No 899546., and ANR-21-CE24-0015,RE-TRUSTING,Architectures matérielles fiable pour l'Intelligence Artificielle de confiance(2021)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, [INFO.INFO-AR]Computer Science [cs]/Hardware Architecture [cs.AR], Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Hardware Architecture (cs.AR), Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Computer Science - Hardware Architecture
Abstract: International audience; The reliability evaluation of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) executed on Graphic Processing Units (GPUs) is a challenging problem since the hardware architecture is highly complex and the software frameworks are composed of many layers of abstraction. While software-level fault injection is a common and fast way to evaluate the reliability of complex applications, it may produce unrealistic results since it has limited access to the hardware resources and the adopted fault models may be too naive (i.e., single and double bit flip). Contrarily, physical fault injection with neutron beam provides realistic error rates but lacks fault propagation visibility. This paper proposes a characterization of the DNN fault model combining both neutron beam experiments and fault injection at software level. We exposed GPUs running General Matrix Multiplication (GEMM) and DNNs to beam neutrons to measure their error rate. On DNNs, we observe that the percentage of critical errors can be up to 61%, and show that ECC is ineffective in reducing critical errors. We then performed a complementary software-level fault injection, using fault models derived from RTL simulations. Our results show that by injecting complex fault models, the YOLOv3 misdetection rate is validated to be very close to the rate measured with beam experiments, which is 8.66× higher than the one measured with fault injection using only single-bit flips.
Published: 2022

22. Influence of hydrodynamic interactions on the productivity of PeWEC wave energy converter array

Author: Francesco Niosi, Beatrice Battisti, Sergej Antonello Sirigu, Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Modeling Enablers for Multi-PHysics and InteractionS (MEMPHIS), Institut de Mathématiques de Bordeaux (IMB), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)
Subjects: [SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

23. HArMoNICS: High-Assurance Microgrid Network Infrastructure Case Study

Author: Gianluca Roascio, Gabriele Costa, Emmanuel Baccelli, Lukas Malina, Raimundas Matulevicius, Marius Momeu, Nerijus Morkevicius, Enrico Russo, Branka Stojanovic, Aimilia Tasidou, IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), inTeRnet BEyond the usual (TRiBE ), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Brno University of Technology [Brno] (BUT), University of Tartu, University of Applied Sciences [Munich], Kaunas University of Technology (KTU), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering [Xanthi], and Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH)
Subjects: intelligent infrastructure, General Computer Science, cybersecurity, Smart buildings, cyber security, Embedded systems, General Engineering, Servers, Harmonic analysis, Virtual private networks, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], case study, Computer security, Security, Intelligent systems, General Materials Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Microgrids, embedded systems
Abstract: International audience; Modern Intelligent Infrastructures (II) are highly complex, interconnected systems that are now emerging. For instance, II can integrate technologies and processes to provide citizens with faster services and better goods. An average II can include many technologies, e.g., Cloud applications and IoT devices, under different environments, e.g., industry 4.0 production plants and smart buildings. Although II bring concrete benefits to all of these contexts, they also carry security concerns. Reasoning about threats and security exposures that might affect II is non-trivial. This is only partially due to their inherent complexity. As a matter of fact, real II are typically in charge of some critical operations that cannot be interrupted or compromised for experimental purposes. An alternative solution is to rely on digital replicas which can provide a good trade-off between realism and usability. These assets represent a strategic and highly demanded resource for the security community. In this paper, we present HArMoNICS, a case study infrastructure meant to provide a playground for security experts interested in II security. HArMoNICS revolves around a digital replica of a real Smart Polygeneration Microgrid (SPM) located in Italy. Although most of the components are based on or inspired by the real system, HArMoNICS has been enriched with further security-relevant features. As a result, the case study includes vertical use cases focusing on specific security topics. Security researchers can use it to assess the effectiveness of new methodologies, to carry out security training activities, or even to extend it with new elements.
Published: 2022

24. Raman and micromorphological characterization of carbonates in plaster-like materials from the Natufian site of Eynan (Ain Mallaha), Israel

Author: Leila EsS ebar, Leonardo Iannucci, Sabrina Grassini, Emma Angelini, Rivka Rabinovich, Anne Bridault, Hamoudi Khalaily, François R. Valla, Yuval Goren, Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), Archéologies environnementales, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), israel Antiquities Authority, and Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU)
Subjects: Raman Spectroscopy, Plaster materials, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

25. Modélisation multi-fidélité de parcs de convertisseurs d'énergie marine

Author: B. Battisti, G. Bracco, M. Bergmann, Modeling Enablers for Multi-PHysics and InteractionS (MEMPHIS), Institut de Mathématiques de Bordeaux (IMB), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), and Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito)
Subjects: [SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

26. Parametric nano-electrical analysis for SiC junctions of a packaged device

Author: Rosine Coq Germanicus, Wadia Jouha, Niemat Moultif, Peter De Wolf, Vishal A. Shah, Peter. M Gammon, Ulrike Luders, Olivier Latry, Laboratoire de cristallographie et sciences des matériaux (CRISMAT), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe de physique des matériaux (GPM), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bruker Nano Surfaces Division [Santa Barbara, CA, États-Unis], Bruker, Dept. of Electronics, Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), University of Warwick [Coventry], Convertisseurs Statiques (LAPLACE-CS), LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: SiC, SCM, [PHYS]Physics [physics], AFM - Atomic force microscopy, Power MOSFET
Abstract: Precise and accurate electrical characterization of power electronics device die structures at the wafer level is essential to compare device operation to the design and to model reliability issues. In this paper, a parametric analysis for local electrical characterization in two dimensions for a discrete packaged commercial silicon carbide MOSFET is presented. On the cross-sectional sample, electron beam-induced current (EBIC) in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to locate the pn junction of the body diode, evaluating the effect of the electron beam energy on the imaging of this area. Scanning Capacitance Microscopy (SCM) based on an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) is employed to analyze the junction areas of the packaged silicon carbide MOSFET device. A parametric approach is proposed to reveal the local electrical properties of all layers in the MOSFET (n-, p-type, low, medium and high doping levels of doped SiC epilayers and SiC substrate and the silicon gate). The objective of the paper is to expose the potentialities of EBIC and SCM to perform comprehensive characterization of a SiC packaged device. The influence of the applied voltages (VDC and VAC) during SCM acquisitions is investigated, in order to quantify their effect on the analysis of the doped layers of the MOSFET SiC. The nano-electrical experiments are supported by TCAD simulations of the tip/sample nano-MOS contact to confirm the interpretation in terms of doping levels of the AFM maps of the silicon carbide die.
Published: 2022

27. On the influence of multidirectional irregular waves on the PeWEC device

Author: Giulia Cervelli, Beatrice Battisti, Giuliana Mattiazzo, Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Modeling Enablers for Multi-PHysics and InteractionS (MEMPHIS), Institut de Mathématiques de Bordeaux (IMB), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)
Subjects: numerical simulations, Economics and Econometrics, Fuel Technology, wave spectrum, PeWEC, directional spreading, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, multidirectional waves, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, wave energy, wave energy converter, [SPI.MECA.GEME]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanical engineering [physics.class-ph]
Abstract: International audience; Wave energy is a promising renewable resource for its reliability and power density, and many technological milestones have been achieved. Significant efforts are made to design and optimize Wave Energy Converters (WECs); however, analyses are often limited to simplified conditions. Among such restrictive assumptions, waves are frequently described utilizing monodirectional spectra, thus leading to approximate evaluations, also in terms of absorbed power. In real sea conditions, the waves are multidirectional, and the analysis as a 2D superposition of multiple wave components should be investigated. In particular, linear waves can be analyzed as a sum of sine waves characterized by different amplitudes, frequencies, phases and directions. The case study device analyzed in this paper is PeWEC (Pendulum Wave Energy Converter), a rotating mass device that converts energy based on pitch motion, moored through a spread catenary mooring system. The sea states investigated are those of the island of Cyprus. The spectrum is defined as the combination between the JONSWAP frequency spectrum and the cos-2s directional spectrum. To compute the sea elevation components the Deterministic Amplitude Scheme (DAS) method is used. The forcing acting on the device, the mooring loads and the device motions are examined and compared to quantify the error produced by the monodirectional approximations. The time domain solver OrcaFlex is employed to investigate the interaction of the waves with the moored hull. Compared with the multidirectional analysis, the monodirectional approximation generates an overestimation of the pitch by 5% and of the surge by 3%, highlighting the importance of taking spreading into account if the device is directional.
Published: 2022

28. Bringing the margin to the focus:10 challenges for riparian vegetation science and management

Author: Patricia M. Rodríguez‐González, Eleni Abraham, Francisca Aguiar, Andrea Andreoli, Ligita Baležentienė, Naim Berisha, Ivan Bernez, Michael Bruen, Daniel Bruno, Carlo Camporeale, Andraž Čarni, Mila Chilikova‐Lubomirova, Dov Corenblit, Renata Ćušterevska, Tanya Doody, Judy England, André Evette, Robert Francis, Virginia Garófano‐Gómez, Marta González del Tánago, Yasar Selman Gultekin, Florian Guyard, Seppo Hellsten, Georgi Hinkov, Jiří Jakubínský, Philippe Janssen, Roland Jansson, Jochem Kail, Emine Keles, Mary Kelly‐Quinn, Anna Kidová, Tímea Kiss, Mart Kulvik, Nicola La Porta, Marianne Laslier, Melissa Latella, Stefan Lorenz, Dejan Mandžukovski, Paraskevi Manolaki, Vanesa Martinez‐Fernández, David Merritt, Adrien Michez, Jelena Milovanović, Tomasz Okruszko, Eva Papastergiadou, Ellis Penning, Remigiusz Pielech, Emilio Politti, Ana Portela, Tenna Riis, Željko Škvorc, Michal Slezák, Barbara Stammel, John Stella, Danijela Stesevic, Vladimir Stupar, Olga Tammeorg, Priit Tammeorg, Therese Moe Fosholt, Gorazd Urbanič, Marc Villar, Ioannis Vogiatzakis, Paul Vrchovsky, Rasoul Yousefpour, Peggy Zinke, Tzvetan Zlatanov, Simon Dufour, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Crop Science Research Group, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), AgriChar research group, Plant Production Sciences, University of Helsinki, Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia [Lisboa] (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA)-Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Laboratório Associado Terra, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Vytautas Magnus University - Vytauto Didziojo Universitetas (VDU), Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Prishtina, Dynamique et durabilité des écosystèmes : de la source à l’océan (DECOD), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), UCD Earth Institute & UCD Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologìa = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology [Zaragoza] (IPE - CSIC), Department of environmental, land and infrastructure engineering, Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Biology, Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, CSIRO Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Environment Agency, King‘s College London, Instituto de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de Zonas Costeras [Universitat Politècnica de València] (IGIC), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Laboratorio de Hidrobiología, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Forest Economics Department, Düzce University, Geography and Spatial Planning, Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Forest Research Institute - Department of Forest Entomology - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Global Change Research, Institute CAS, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science [Umeå], Umeå University, Universität Duisburg-Essen = University of Duisburg-Essen [Essen], Faculty of Architecture, Department of Landscape Architecture, Trakya University, School of Biology & Environmental Science and UCD Earth Institute, Geophysical Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Department of Geoinformatics, Physical and Environmental Geography, University of Szeged [Szeged], Estonian University of Life Sciences (EMU), Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Instituto Agrario S. Michele all' Adige, Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kuehn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Field Crops and Grassland, Braunschweig, Germany, Department for Forest Management Planning, PE Nacionalni sumi, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Open University of Cyprus, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), National Stream and Aquatic Ecology Center, Biological and Physical Resources Staff, USDA, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège - Gembloux-Université de Liège - Gembloux, Environment and Sustainable Development, Singidunum University, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), University of Patras, Department of Inland Water Systems, Deltares [The Netherlands], University of Agriculture in Krakow, Department of civil, environmental and mechanical engineering [Trento], University of Trento [Trento], Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, CIBIO-InBIO - Universidade do Porto, Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning (BIOPOLIS), Department of Biology, Aarhus Universitet, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology [Zagreb], University of Zagreb, Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Floodplain Institute, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Department of Sustainable Resources Management, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY-ESF), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), University of Montenegro (UCG), Department of Forest Ecology, University of Banja Luka, Department of Agricultural Science, Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Institute for Holistic Environmental Management, Ltd. (URBANZERO), Biologie intégrée pour la valorisation de la diversité des Arbres et de la Forêt (BioForA), Office national des forêts (ONF)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute of Forestry and Conservation, John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape, and Design, University of Toronto, Chair of Forestry Economics and Forest Planning, University of Freiburg, Sciencemonastery AS, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Rennes ), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (Nantes Univ - IGARUN), Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (Nantes Univ - IGARUN), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Suomen ympäristökeskus, and The Finnish Environment Institute
Subjects: rantakasvillisuus, luonnonhoito, Settore AGR/05 - ASSESTAMENTO FORESTALE E SELVICOLTURA, riparian zone, river management, socioecosystem, nature management, water, vesi, nature conservation, Ocean Engineering, Oceanografi, hydrologi och vattenresurser, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, SALICACEAE, Oceanography, riparian zone, Oceanography, Hydrology and Water Resources, vegetation, RIVER, river management, socioecosystem, PLANTS, 1172 Environmental sciences, aquatic ecosystems, Water Science and Technology, Ekologi, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecology, vesiekosysteemit, kasvillisuus, Miljövetenskap, ecosystems (ecology), FRAMEWORK, waterside vegetation, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, ekologia, ekosysteemit (ekologia), ekosysteemipalvelut, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, FEEDBACKS, luonnonsuojelu, ecosystem services, Biologie, Environmental Sciences
Abstract: Riparian zones are the paragon of transitional ecosystems, providing critical habitat and ecosystem services that are especially threatened by global change. Following consultation with experts, 10 key challenges were identified to be addressed for riparian vegetation science and management improvement: (1) Create a distinct scientific community by establishing stronger bridges between disciplines; (2) Make riparian vegetation more visible and appreciated in society and policies; (3) Improve knowledge regarding biodiversity—ecosystem functioning links; (4) Manage spatial scale and context-based issues; (5) Improve knowledge on social dimensions of riparian vegetation; (6) Anticipate responses to emergent issues and future trajectories; (7) Enhance tools to quantify and prioritize ecosystem services; (8) Improve numerical modeling and simulation tools; (9) Calibrate methods and increase data availability for better indicators and monitoring practices and transferability; and (10) Undertake scientific validation of best management practices. These challenges are discussed and critiqued here, to guide future research into riparian vegetation. This article is categorized under: Water and Life > Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems Water and Life > Stresses and Pressures on Ecosystems Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
Published: 2022

29. Analysis of Maize Sowing Periods and Cycle Phases Using Sentinel 1&2 Data Synergy

Author: Matteo Rolle, Stefania Tamea, Pierluigi Claps, Emna Ayari, Nicolas Baghdadi, Mehrez Zribi, Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Carthage - University of Carthage, Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and This research was funded through the 4000126684/19/I-NB CCN3 ESA project. The research funds covered the visiting period spent by the first author at CESBIO (Centre d'Etudes Spatiales de la Biosphere, Toulouse, FR).
Subjects: irrigated croplands, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], crop classification, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Sentinel-1, crop phenology, Sentinel-2, soil moisture, sowing periods, crop monitoring, radar
Abstract: International audience; The reliability of crop-growth modelling is related to the accuracy of the information used to describe the agricultural growing phases. A proper knowledge of sowing periods has a significant impact on the effectiveness of any analysis based on modeled crop growth. In this work, an estimation of maize actual sowing periods for year 2019 is presented, combining the optical and radar information from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2. The crop classification was conducted according to the information provided by local public authorities over an area of 30 km × 30 km, and 1154 maize fields were considered within the analysis. The combined use of NDVI and radar time series enabled a high-resolution assessment of sowing periods and the description of maize emergence through the soil, by detecting changes in the ground surface geometry. A radar-based index was introduced to detect the periods when plants emerge through the soil, and the sowing periods were retrieved considering the thermal energy needed by seeds to germinate and the daily temperatures before the emergence. Results show that 52% of maize hectares were sowed in late April, while about 30% were sowed during the second half of May. Sentinel-1 appears more suitable to describe the late growing phase of maize, since the radar backscattering is sensitive to the dry biomass of plants while the NDVI decreases because of the chromatic change of leaves. This study highlights the potential of synergy between remote sensing sources for agricultural management policies and improving the accuracy of crop-related modelling.
Published: 2022
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30. A hybrid discrete-continuum modelling approach to explore the impact of T-cell infiltration on anti-tumour immune response

Author: Almeida, Luis, Audebert, Chloe, Leschiera, Emma, Lorenzi, Tommaso, Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Modelling and Analysis for Medical and Biological Applications (MAMBA), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Mathematical Modeling in Biology [LCQB] (LCQB-MMB), Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative = Laboratory of Computational and Quantitative Biology (LCQB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Mathematical Sciences [Torino] (DISMA), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), E.L. has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 740623).T.L. gratefully acknowledges support from the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR) through the grant'Dipartimenti di Eccellenza 2018-2022' (Project no. E11G18000350001) and the PRIN 2020 project (No. 2020JLWP23)'Integrated Mathematical Approaches to Socio–Epidemiological Dynamics' (CUP: E15F21005420006).L.A., E.L. and T.L. gratefully acknowledge support from the CNRS International Research Project 'Modélisationde la biomécanique cellulaire et tissulaire' (MOCETIBI)., European Project: 740623,H2020 Pilier ERC,ADORA(2017), Leschiera, Emma, and Asymptotic approach to spatial and dynamical organizations - ADORA - - H2020 Pilier ERC2017-09-01 - 2022-08-31 - 740623 - VALID
Subjects: General Mathematics, T-cell infiltration, Immunology, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Models, Biological, Tumour-Immune cell interactions, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Models, Neoplasms, FOS: Mathematics, Numerical simulations, Humans, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], Computer Simulation, [MATH.MATH-AP] Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], General Environmental Science, Pharmacology, Continuum models, General Neuroscience, Immunity, Mathematical Concepts, Biological, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Hybrid models, Immunotherapy, Tumour–immune cell interactions, Chemokines, Computational Theory and Mathematics, [INFO.INFO-MO] Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
Abstract: International audience; We present a spatial hybrid discrete-continuum modelling framework for the interaction dynamics between tumour cells and cytotoxic T cells, which play a pivotal role in the immune response against tumours. In this framework, tumour cells and T cells are modelled as individual agents while chemokines that drive the chemotactic movement of T cells towards the tumour are modelled as a continuum. We formally derive the continuum counterpart of this model, which is given by a coupled system that comprises an integro-differential equation for the density of tumour cells, a partial differential equation for the density of T cells, and a partial differential equation for the concentration of chemokines. We report on computational results of the hybrid model and show that there is an excellent quantitative agreement between them and numerical solutions of the corresponding continuum model. These results shed light on the mechanisms that underlie the emergence of different levels of infiltration of T cells into the tumour and elucidate how T-cell infiltration shapes anti-tumour immune response. Moreover, to present a proof of concept for the idea that, exploiting the computational efficiency of the continuum model, extensive numerical simulations could be carried out, we investigate the impact of T-cell infiltration on the response of tumour cells to different types of anti-cancer immunotherapy.
Published: 2022

31. A big data analysis of COVID-19 impacts on Airbnbs’ bookings behavior applying construal level and signaling theories

Author: Filieri, Raffaele, Milone, Francesco Luigi, Paolucci, Emilio, Raguseo, Elisabetta, Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille (CERGAM), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)
Subjects: Strategy and Management, Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management, signaling theory, COVID-19, [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, Airbnb host, price premium, construal theory, occupancy
Abstract: International audience; This study investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on consumer booking behavior in the peer-to-peer accommodation sector. This study used a dataset composed of 2041,966 raws containing 69,727 properties located in all 21 Italian regions in the pre-and post-COVID-191. Results show that after the COVID-19 pandemic, consumers preferred P2P accommodations with price premiums and located in rural (versus urban) areas. Although the findings reveal a preference for entire apartments over shared accommodation (i.e., room, apartment), this preference did not change significantly after COVID-19 lockdowns. The contribution of this study lies in combining psychological distance theory and signaling theory to assess P2P performance in the pre-and post-COVID-19 periods.
Published: 2023

32. Improving the Fault Resilience of Neural Network Applications Through Security Mechanisms

Author: Deligiannis, Nikolaos, Cantoro, Riccardo, Reorda, Matteo Sonza, Traiola, Marcello, Valea, Emanuele, Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Architectures matérielles spécialisées pour l’ère post loi-de-Moore (TARAN), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-ARCHITECTURE (IRISA-D3), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Département Systèmes et Circuits Intégrés Numériques (DSCIN), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-AR]Computer Science [cs]/Hardware Architecture [cs.AR], [INFO.INFO-CR]Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR], [INFO.INFO-NE]Computer Science [cs]/Neural and Evolutionary Computing [cs.NE]
Abstract: International audience; Numerous electronic systems store valuable intellectual property (IP) information inside non-volatile memories. In order to protect the integrity of such sensitive information from an unauthorized access or modification, encryption mechanisms are employed. From a reliability standpoint, such information can be vital to the system’s functionality and thus, dedicated techniques are employed to detect possible reliability threats (e.g., transient faults in the memory content). In this paper we explore the capability of encryption mechanisms to guarantee protection from both unauthorized access and faults, while considering a Convolutional Neural Network application whose weights represent the valuable IP of the system. Experimental results show that it is possible to achieve very high fault detection rates, thus exploiting the benefits of security mechanisms for reliability purposes as well.
Published: 2022

33. Sparse Satellite Constellation Design for Global and Regional Direct-to-Satellite IoT Services

Author: Gabriel Maiolini Capez, Santiago Henn, Juan A. Fraire, Roberto Garello, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), AlGorithmes et Optimisation pour Réseaux Autonomes (AGORA), CITI Centre of Innovation in Telecommunications and Integration of services (CITI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Inria Lyon, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), and Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], LEO Satellite Constellations, NB-IoT, LoRa/LoRaWAN, Aerospace Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Direct-to-Satellite Internet of Things, LEO Satellite Constellations, LoRa/LoRaWAN
Abstract: International audience; In this paper we introduce and design sparse constellations for Direct-to-Satellite Internet of Things (DtS-IoT). DtS-IoT does not require a ground infrastructure, because the devices are directly connected to Low Earth Orbit satellites acting as orbiting gateways. The key idea of sparse constellations is to significantly reduce the number of in-orbit DtS-IoT satellites by (i) a proper dimensioning of the delivery delay anyway present in resource-constrained IoT services, and (ii) an optimal positioning of the orbiting gateways. First, we analyze LoRa/LoRaWAN and NB-IoT standards and derive realistic constraints on the maximum gap time between two consecutive passing-by satellites. Then, we introduce and optimize an algorithm to design quasioptimal topologies for sparse IoT constellations. Finally, we apply our design to both global and regional coverage and we analyze the trade-off between latency, number of orbit planes and total number of satellites. Results show that sparse constellations can provide worldwide IoT coverage with only 12.5% and 22.5% of the satellites required by traditional dense constellations considering 3-hour and 2-hour gaps. Also, we show that regionspecific coverage of Africa and Europe can be achieved with only 4 and 3 satellites for LoRa/LoRaWAN and NB-IoT, respectively.
Published: 2022

34. Handling Privacy-Sensitive Medical Data With Federated Learning: Challenges and Future Directions

Author: Kandaraj Piamrat, GUIDO MARCHETTO, Alessio Sacco, Ons Aouedi, Software Stack for Massively Geo-Distributed Infrastructures (STACK), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes (LS2N), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Centrale de Nantes (Nantes Univ - ECN), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), STR (LS2N - équipe STR ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes (LS2N), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), and Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito)
Subjects: Federated learning, Internet of Medical Things, healthcare, privacy, Health Information Management, Health Informatics, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Electrical and Electronic Engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Computer Science Applications
Abstract: International audience; Recent medical applications are largely dominated by the application of Machine Learning (ML) models to assist expert decisions, leading to disruptive innovations in radiology, pathology, genomics, and hence modern healthcare systems in general. Despite the profitable usage of AI-based algorithms, these data-driven methods are facing issues such as the scarcity and privacy of user data, as well as the difficulty of institutions exchanging medical information. With insufficient data, ML is prevented from reaching its full potential, which is only possible if the database consists of the full spectrum of possible anatomies, pathologies, and input data types. To solve these issues, Federated Learning (FL) appeared as a valuable approach in the medical field, allowing patient data to stay where it is generated. Since an FL setting allows many clients to collaboratively train a model while keeping training data decentralized, it can protect privacy-sensitive medical data. However, FL is still unable to deliver all its promises and meets the more stringent requirements (e.g., latency, security) of a healthcare system based on multiple Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). For example, although no data are shared among the participants by definition in FL systems, some security risks are still present and can be considered as vulnerabilities from multiple aspects. This paper sheds light upon the emerging deployment of FL, provides a broad overview of current approaches and existing challenges, and outlines several directions of future work that are relevant to solving existing problems in federated healthcare, with a particular focus on security and privacy issues.
Published: 2022

35. Wasserstein model reduction approach for parametrized flow problems in porous media

Author: Battisti, Beatrice, Blickhan, Tobias, Enchery, Guillaume, Ehrlacher, Virginie, Lombardi, Damiano, Mula, Olga, Modeling Enablers for Multi-PHysics and InteractionS (MEMPHIS), Institut de Mathématiques de Bordeaux (IMB), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Technische Universität München = Technical University of Munich (TUM), IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC), MATHematics for MatERIALS (MATHERIALS), Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Mathématiques et Calcul Scientifique (CERMICS), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Inria de Paris, COmputational Mathematics for bio-MEDIcal Applications (COMMEDIA), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Eindhoven University of Technology [Eindhoven] (TU/e), ANR-19-CE46-0002,COMODO,Systèmes de diffusion croisée sur des domaines en mouvement(2019), and ANR-18-CE46-0001,ADAPT,Méthodes tensorielles parallèles dynamiques et adaptatives(2018)
Subjects: [MATH]Mathematics [math]
Abstract: The aim of this work is to build a reduced-order model for parametrized porous media equations. The main challenge of this type of problems is that the Kolmogorov width of the solution manifold typically decays quite slowly and thus makes usual linear model-order reduction methods inappropriate. In this work, we investigate an adaptation of the methodology proposed in [15], based on the use of Wasserstein barycenters [1], to the case of non-conservative problems. Numerical examples in one-dimensional test cases illustrate the advantages and limitations of this approach and suggest further research directions that we intend to explore in the future.; Le but de ce travail est de construire un modèle réduit pour des problèmes d'écoulements en milieux poreux paramétrés. La difficulté principale de ce type de problèmes est que la distance de Kolmogorov de l'ensemble de solutions décroît lentement, rendant ainsi les méthodes de réduction de modèles linéaires usuelles inefficaces. Ici, nous proposons une adaptation de la méthodologie proposée dans [15], utilisant des barycentres de Wasserstein [1], au cas de problèmes non conservatifs. Des tests numériques en dimension 1 permettent d'illustrer les avantages et les limitations de cette approche et d'identifier des pistes de recherche que nous souhaiterons aborder dans un futur travail.
Published: 2022

36. On a Fast Solution Strategy for a Surface-Wire Integral Formulation of the Anisotropic Forward Problem in Electroencephalography

Author: Baronio, Carlo, Cosentino, Giulio, Ricci, Paolo, Henry, Clément, Monin, Maxime Y., Merlini, Adrien, Andriulli, Francesco P., Galileo Ferraris High School, Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Département Micro-Ondes (IMT Atlantique - MO), IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Equipe PIM (Lab-STICC_PIM), Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), European Project: 724846,321, and European Project: H2020 MSCA-60 ITN
Subjects: Brain modeling, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-COMP-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Computational Physics [physics.comp-ph], Electric potential, FOS: Mathematics, Conferences, Biological system modeling, Adaptation models, Numerical Analysis (math.NA), Mathematics - Numerical Analysis, Wires, Integral equations
Abstract: International audience; This work focuses on a quasi-linear-in-complexity strategy for a hybrid surface-wire integral equation solver for the electroencephalography forward problem. The scheme exploits a block diagonally dominant structure of the wire self block -- that models the neuronal fibers self interactions -- and of the surface self block -- modeling interface potentials. This structure leads to two Neumann iteration schemes further accelerated with adaptive integral methods. The resulting algorithm is linear up to logarithmic factors. Numerical results confirm the performance of the method in biomedically relevant scenarios.
Published: 2022

37. Selective Hardening of Critical Neurons in Deep Neural Networks

Author: Annachiara Ruospo, Gabriele Gavarini, Ilaria Bragaglia, Marcello Traiola, Alberto Bosio, Ernesto Sanchez, Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Architectures matérielles spécialisées pour l’ère post loi-de-Moore (TARAN), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-ARCHITECTURE (IRISA-D3), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), INL - Conception de Systèmes Hétérogènes (INL - CSH), Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Mitigation, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], Fault Injection, [INFO.INFO-ES]Computer Science [cs]/Embedded Systems, Deep Neural Network, Deep Neural Network, Reliability, Mitigation, Fault Injection, Reliability
Abstract: International audience; In the literature, it is argued that Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) possess a certain degree of robustness mainly for two reasons: their distributed and parallel architecture, and their redundancy introduced due to over provisioning. Indeed,they are made, as a matter of fact, of more neurons with respect to the minimal number required to perform the computations. It means that they could withstand errors in a bounded number of neurons and continue to function properly. However, it is also known that different neurons in DNNs have divergent fault tolerance capabilities. Neurons that contribute the least to the final prediction accuracy are less sensitive to errors. Conversely, the neurons that contribute most are considered critical because errors within them could seriously compromise the correct functionality of the DNN. This paper presents a software methodology based on a Triple Modular Redundancy technique, which aims at improving the overall reliability of the DNN, by selectively protecting a reduced set of critical neurons. Our findings indicate that the robustness of the DNNs can be enhanced, clearly, at the cost of a larger memory footprint and a small increase in the total execution time. The trade-offs as well as the improvements are discussed in the work by exploiting two DNN architectures: ResNet and DenseNet trained and tested on CIFAR-10.
Published: 2022

38. Self-Test Library Generation for In-field Test of Path Delay faults

Author: Lorena Anghel, Riccardo Cantoro, Riccardo Masante, Michele Portolan, Sandro Sartoni, Matteo Sonza Reorda, SPINtronique et TEchnologie des Composants (SPINTEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Architectures and Methods for Resilient Systems (TIMA-AMfoRS ), Techniques de l'Informatique et de la Microélectronique pour l'Architecture des systèmes intégrés (TIMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: safety, software-based self-test, PACS 8542, path-delay-faults, on-line test, self test library, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Software
Abstract: International audience; New semiconductor technologies for advanced applications are more prone to defects and imperfections related, among several different causes, to the manufacturing process, aging and cross-talks. These phenomena negatively affect the circuit’s timing and can be effectively modeled by means of the path delay fault (PDF) model. While path delay testing is currently supported by commercial Automatic Test Pattern Generation tools for scan designs, functional testing covering PDFs is not widely adopted, mainly because of the high cost for test generation. On the other side, functional test is already widely adopted for in-field test of stuck-at faults, which is often performed resorting to the execution of suitable test programs (Self Test Libraries, or STLs). This approach is attractive, since it can be performed at-speed with limited time constraints and high flexibility, making it a suitable in-field test solutions. Previous work assessed the feasibility and validity of functional approaches based on test programs targeting PDFs. In this work, we present the first systematic method for the development of very high fault coverage test programs for PDFs, which largely outperform test programs written for other fault models. Moreover, the proposed method allows the identification of functionally untestable faults. The effectiveness of the proposed approach was proven on an open-source RISC-V processor core, where 100% coverage of the functionally testable longest paths was achieved, compared with an initial coverage of 0.52% achieved with test programs targeting stuck-at faults. Results demonstrate that shorter paths are also effectively covered.
Published: 2023

39. Exact solution of the two-machine flow shop problem with three operations

Author: Fabio Salassa, Federico Della Croce, Vincent t'Kindt, Department of Management and Production Engineering [Politecnico di Torino] (DIGEP), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Laboratoire d'Informatique Fondamentale et Appliquée de Tours (LIFAT), Université de Tours-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Recherche Opérationnelle, Ordonnancement, Transport ERL 7002 (ROOT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL)
Subjects: Mathematical optimization, IP modeling, 021103 operations research, General Computer Science, Job shop scheduling, Exploit, Computer science, Two-machine flow shop with three operations, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Flow shop scheduling, [INFO.INFO-RO]Computer Science [cs]/Operations Research [cs.RO], Management Science and Operations Research, 01 natural sciences, Exact approach, Exact solutions in general relativity, Due date, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, Constraint generation, Modeling and Simulation, Selection (genetic algorithm), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: We consider the NP-hard two-machine flow shop problem with three operations with the objective of minimizing the makespan. We exploit the links between this problem and another two-machine flow shop problem with common due date and jobs selection. We show how to tailor to this problem the constraint generation approach already successfully applied in the literature to the latter problem. Computational testing indicates that the proposed approach solves to optimality, within 120 s all instances with up to 40000 jobs.
Published: 2022

40. Design, Verification, Test, and In-Field Implications of Approximate Digital Integrated Circuits

Author: Alberto Bosio, Stefano Di Carlo, Patrick Girard, Annachiara Ruospo, Ernesto Sanchez, Alessandro Savino, Lukas Sekanina, Marcello Traiola, Zdenek Vasicek, Arnaud Virazel, INL - Conception de Systèmes Hétérogènes (INL - CSH), Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Test and dEpendability of microelectronic integrated SysTems (TEST), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Brno University of Technology [Brno] (BUT), Architectures matérielles spécialisées pour l’ère post loi-de-Moore (TARAN), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-ARCHITECTURE (IRISA-D3), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-AR]Computer Science [cs]/Hardware Architecture [cs.AR], Approximation Circuits, Approximating Safety-Critical Applications, Approximate Circuits, Approximate Computing for IoT, DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN TEST AND VERIFICATION, Approximate Computing for HPC Applications, [INFO.INFO-ES]Computer Science [cs]/Embedded Systems
Abstract: International audience; Today, the concept of approximation in computing is becoming more and more a “hot topic” to investigate how computing systems can be more energy-efficient, faster, and less complex. Intuitively, instead of performing exact computations and, consequently, requiring a high amount of resources, Approximate Computing aims at selectively relaxing the specifications, trading accuracy off for efficiency. While Approximate Computing allows many improvements when looking at systems’ performance, energy efficiency, and complexity, it poses significant challenges regarding the design, the verification, the test, and the in-field reliability of Approximate Digital Integrated Circuits. This chapter covers these aspects, leveraging the authors’ experience in the field to present state-of-the-art solutions to apply during the different development phases of an Approximate Computing system.
Published: 2022

41. Computer Arithmetic: Continuing a Long and Steady Emergence

Author: Paolo Montuschi, Jean-Michel Muller, Florent de Dinechin, Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Arithmétiques des ordinateurs, méthodes formelles, génération de code (ARIC), Laboratoire de l'Informatique du Parallélisme (LIP), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Lyon, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Systèmes Embarqués audio programmables (EMERAUDE), CITI Centre of Innovation in Telecommunications and Integration of services (CITI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)- Centre national de création musicale (GRAME), Centre National de Création Musicale-Centre National de Création Musicale-Inria Lyon, and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)
Subjects: computer arithmetic, General Computer Science, [INFO.INFO-OH]Computer Science [cs]/Other [cs.OH], emerging computing
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

42. Thermal characterization of a nematic liquid crystal suited for the fabrication of NIR spectrally-tunable vertical cavity surface emitting lasers

Author: Benjamin Boisnard, Andrea Simaz, Julien Lumeau, Pierluigi Debernardi, Thomas Begou, Véronique Bardinal, Benjamin Reig, Alberto Tibaldi, Thierry Camps, Jean Baptiste Doucet, Équipe MICrosystèmes d'Analyse (LAAS-MICA), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), RCMO (RCMO), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Electronics and Telecommunications = DET Dipartimento di Elettronica e Telecomunicazioni [Politecnico di Torino] (DET), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dell'Informazione e delle Telecomunicazioni (IEIIT), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), and ANR-15-CE19-0012,DOCT-VCSEL,Tomographie par Cohérence Optique portable à source accordable MEMS-VCSEL pour l'analyse de la peau(2015)
Subjects: Fabrication, Materials science, business.industry, Laser, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Characterization (materials science), law.invention, Liquid crystal, law, Thermal, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, business, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft]
Abstract: International audience; In this work, the thermo-optical properties of a nematic liquid crystal are determined through reflectance measurements performed on a high finesse tunable filter fabricated using a polymer-based microcell technology. The final aim is to insert such material in the optical cavity of a 850 nm tunable VCSEL device, in which local self-heating due to CW pumping must be taken into account. These localized interferometric experiments are performed in the near-infra-red range and at temperatures up to 115 °C. A thermal model is derived from the acquired data. Finally, we demonstrate that the birefringence of QYPDLC-36 liquid crystal remains higher than 0.18 at 60 °C, feature well suited to real device operation.
Published: 2022

43. Laplacian Filters for Integral Equations: Further Developments and Fast Algorithms

Author: Merlini, Adrien, Henry, Clément, Consoli, Davide, Rahmouni, Lyes, Andriulli, Francesco P., Département Micro-Ondes (IMT Atlantique - MO), IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Equipe PIM (Lab-STICC_PIM), Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), and European Project: 724846,321
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-COMP-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Computational Physics [physics.comp-ph], Image and Video Processing (eess.IV), FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing
Abstract: International audience; This paper extends the concept of Laplacian filtered quasi-Helmholtz decompositions we have recently introduced, to the basis-free projector-based setting. This extension allows the discrete analyses of electromagnetic integral operators spectra without passing via an explicit Loop-Star decomposition as previously done. We also present a fast scheme for the evaluation of the filters in quasi linear complexity in the total number of unknowns. Together with the fact that only a logarithmic number of these filters are required for solving the h-refinement breakdown of electric field integral equation, this results in an effective preconditioner that rivals Calder\'on strategies in performance without relying on barycentric refinements. Numerical results confirm the theoretically predicted behavior and the effectiveness of the approach.
Published: 2022
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44. An Effective Method to Identify Microarchitectural Vulnerabilities in GPUs

Author: Josie E. Rodriguez Condia, Paolo Rech, Fernando Fernandes dos Santos, Luigi Carro, Matteo Sonza Reorda, Department of Computer Engineering (DAUIN), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), University of Trento [Trento], Architectures matérielles spécialisées pour l’ère post loi-de-Moore (TARAN), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-ARCHITECTURE (IRISA-D3), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Instituto de Informática da UFRGS (UFRGS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), European Project: 886202,H2020-EU.1.3. - EXCELLENT SCIENCE - Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, H2020-EU.1.3.2. - Nurturing excellence by means of cross-border and cross-sector mobility,PERIOD(2020), and European Project: 7722325(1978)
Subjects: Selective Hardening, Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, Reliability, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Abstract: International audience; Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) are increasingly adopted in several domains where reliability is fundamental, such as self-driving cars and autonomous systems. Unfortunately, GPU devices have been shown to have a high error rate, while the constraints imposed by real-time safety-critical applications make traditional (and costly) replication-based hardening solutions inadequate. This work proposes an effective methodology to identify the architectural vulnerable sites in GPUs modules, i.e. the locations that, if corrupted, most affect the correct instructions execution. We first identify, through an innovative method based on Register-Transfer Level (RTL) fault injection experiments, the architectural vulnerabilities of a GPU model. Then, we mitigate the fault impact via selective hardening applied to the flip-flops that have been identified as critical. We evaluate three hardening strategies: Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR), Triple Modular Redundancy against SETs (∆TMR), and Dual Interlocked Storage Cells (Dice flip-flops). The results gathered on a publicly available GPU Model (FlexGripPlus) considering functional units, pipeline registers, and warp scheduler controller show that our method can tolerate from 85% to 99% of faults in the pipeline registers, from 50% to 100% of faults in the functional units and up to 10% of faults in the warp scheduler, with a reduced hardware overhead (in the range of 58 % to 94% when compared with traditional TMR). Finally, we adapt the methodology to perform a complementary evaluation targeting permanent faults and identify critical sites prone to propagate fault effects across the GPU. We found that a considerable percentage (65% to 98%) of flip-flops that are critical for transient faults are also critical for permanent faults.
Published: 2022

45. Input-Aware Approximate Computing

Author: Ali Piri, Sepide Saeedi, Mario Barbareschi, Bastien Deveautour, Stefano Di Carlo, Ian O'Connor, Alessandro Savino, Marcello Traiola, Alberto Bosio, Piri, A., Saeedi, S., Barbareschi, M., Deveautour, B., Carlo, S. D., O'Connor, I., Savino, A., Traiola, M., Bosio, A., INL - Conception de Systèmes Hétérogènes (INL - CSH), Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Architectures matérielles spécialisées pour l’ère post loi-de-Moore (TARAN), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-ARCHITECTURE (IRISA-D3), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-AR]Computer Science [cs]/Hardware Architecture [cs.AR], Approximate Computing, Energy Efficiency, Embedded Systems, Arithmetic Circuits, [INFO.INFO-AO]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Arithmetic, Arithmetic Circuit, [INFO.INFO-ES]Computer Science [cs]/Embedded Systems, Embedded System, Approximate Computing, Energy Efficiency, Embedded Systems, Arithmetic Circuits
Abstract: International audience; In the last decade, Approximate Computing (AxC) has been extensively employed to improve the energy efficiency of computing systems, at different abstraction levels. The main AxC goal is reducing the energy budget used to execute errortolerant applications, at the cost of a controlled and intrinsicallytolerable quality degradation. An important amount of work has been done in proposing approximate versions of basic operations, using fewer resources. From a hardware standpoint, several approximate arithmetic operations have been proposed. Although effective, such approximate hardware operators are not tailored to a specific final application. Thus, their effectiveness will depend on the actual application using them. Taking into account the target application and the related input data distribution, the final energy efficiency can be pushed further. In this paper we showcase the advantage of considering the data distribution by designing an input-aware approximate multiplier specifically intended for a high pass FIR filter, where the input distribution pattern for one operand is not uniform. Experimental results show that we can significantly reduce the power consumption while keeping an error rate lower than state of the art approximate multipliers.
Published: 2022

46. Magnetoresponsive Devices with Programmable Behavior Using a Customized Commercial Stereolithographic 3D Printer

Author: Simone Lantean, Ignazio Roppolo, Marco Sangermano, Marc Hayoun, Hichem Dammak, Gabriele Barrera, Paola Tiberto, Candido Fabrizio Pirri, Laurence Bodelot, Giancarlo Rizza, Department of Applied Science and Technology [Politecnico di Torino] (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés (LSI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), LSI - Physique et Chimie des nano-objets (PCN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Structures, Propriétés et Modélisation des solides (SPMS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Laboratoire de mécanique des solides (LMS), École polytechnique (X)-Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Mechanics of Materials, magnetic device, programmed microstructure, 4D printing, General Materials Science, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, magnetic actuation, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Abstract: International audience; The revolution of 4D printing allows combining smart materials to additive processes to create behavioral objects able to respond to external stimuli, such as temperature, light, electrical or magnetic fields. Here, we used a modified commercial Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D printer to obtain complex macroscopic remotely-controlled gear-based devices. The fabrication process is based on the printing of magneto-responsive polymers containing in situ selfassembled microstructures, i.e. composed of oriented chains of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. First, we demonstrate that we are able to print magneto-responsive hammer-like actuators with different stiffness allowing both pure rotation or/and bending motions. Then, we exploit microstructure to create a magneto-responsive gear. In particular, we showed that they can be successfully used to transfer torque to other gears, thereby converting a rotation movement into linear translation. Finally, we demonstrated that magneto-responsive gears can be also combined with other non-magnetic elements to create complex assemblies, such as gear-trains, linear actuators and grippers, that can be remotely controlled.
Published: 2022

47. Laser-cleaning effects induced on different types of bronze archaeological corrosion products: chemical-physical surface characterisation

Author: Emma Paola Maria Virginia Angelini, Delphine Neff, Elisabetta Di Francia, Ruth Lahoz, Tilde de Caro, Sabrina Grassini, European Commission, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de Zaragossa, Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération (LAPA - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), and the CSIC Interdisciplinary Thematic Platform ‘Open Heritage: Research and Society (PTI-PAI)
Subjects: Materials science, Laser cleaning, Archaeological bronze, General Physics and Astronomy, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Chemistry, engineering.material, Condensed Matter Physics, Archaeology, Induced surface effect, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Corrosion, engineering, Bronze, Chemical-physical characterisation
Abstract: Archaeological bronzes (Cu-Sn alloys) might be different in composition and these variabilities lead to a different interaction with the environment and, if they were buried, with several chemical elements present in soils. Generally, the result is the presence of complex corrosion products layers on the Cu-based artefacts which might be protective or reactive (and so dangerous) for the artefacts preservation itself. Moreover, the corrosion products can also be unwanted because hide the drawings present/imprinted on the original metal surfaces. So, for several reasons, it can be necessary to remove the unwanted corrosion products: laser-cleaning procedure is one of the most selective cleaning technique used. The main goal of this work was to assess possible laser-cleaning induced surface effects on different archaeological bronzes corrosion products structures through a systematic and multi-technique compositional study. Chemical-physical characterisations were performed on laser-cleaned and non-cleaned types of Cu-Sn archaeological corrosion products structures. The results show the efficiency and the low-invasiveness of the treatment., This work was partially financial supported by the European Federation of Corrosion (EFC) [EUROCORR Young Scientist Grant 2016]. Dr Lahoz wishes to acknowledge professional support of the CSIC Interdisciplinary Thematic Platform ‘Open Heritage: Research and Society (PTI-PAIS)’.
Published: 2022

48. Emulating the Effects of Radiation-Induced Soft-Errors for the Reliability Assessment of Neural Networks

Author: Luigi Dilillo, Carlo Cazzaniga, Annachiara Ruospo, Alberto Bosio, Daniel Soderstrom, Maria Kastriotou, Ernesto Sanchez, Lucas Matanaluza, Université de Montpellier (UM), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), University of Jyväskylä (JYU), ISIS Neutron and Muon Source (ISIS), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)-Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TEST (TEST), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: fault injection, Computer science, Neural nets, Inference, Radiation effects, Radiation induced, Fault (power engineering), Convolutional neural network, Software, Fault injection, Computer Science (miscellaneous), [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Reliability (statistics), reliability, Artificial neural network, Approximate methods, Event (computing), business.industry, Reliability, Computer Science Applications, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Human-Computer Interaction, neural nets, Computer engineering, approximate methods, radiation effects, [INFO.INFO-ES]Computer Science [cs]/Embedded Systems, business, Information Systems
Abstract: International audience; Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are currently one of the most widely used predictive models in machine learning. Recent studies have demonstrated that hardware faults induced by radiation fields, including cosmic rays, may significantly impact the CNN inference leading to wrong predictions. Therefore, ensuring the reliability of CNNs is crucial, especially for safety-critical systems. In the literature, several works propose reliability assessments of CNNs mainly based on statistically injected faults. This work presents a software emulator capable of injecting real faults retrieved from radiation tests. Specifically, from the device characterisation of a DRAM memory, we extracted event rates and fault models. The software emulator can reproduce their incidence and access their effect on CNN applications with a reliability assessment precision close to the physical one. Radiation-based physical injections and emulator-based injections are performed on three CNNs (LeNet-5) exploiting different data representations. Their outcomes are compared, and the software results evidence that the emulator is able to reproduce the faulty behaviours observed during the radiation tests for the targeted CNNs. This approach leads to a more concise use of radiation experiments since the extracted fault models can be reused to explore different scenarios (e.g., impact on a different application).
Published: 2022

49. Topological origin of the protein folding transition

Author: Loris Di Cairano, Riccardo Capelli, Ghofrane Bel-Hadj-Aissa, Marco Pettini, Computational Biomedicine, Institute for Advanced Simulation IAS-5 and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany, Department of Applied Science and Technology [Politecnico di Torino] (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Università degli Studi di Siena = University of Siena (UNISI), Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 (CPT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CPT - E7 Systèmes dynamiques : théories et applications, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Pettini, Marco
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Protein Folding, Quantitative Biology::Biomolecules, Polymers, Protein Conformation, Proteins, [PHYS] Physics [physics], [PHYS.COND.CM-SM] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Statistical Mechanics [cond-mat.stat-mech], Thermodynamics, 87.15.-v, 02.40.-k, ddc:530, Amino Acid Sequence, Amino Acids, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], [PHYS.COND.CM-SM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Statistical Mechanics [cond-mat.stat-mech], Peptides, [PHYS.COND] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]
Abstract: International audience; In this paper, a geometrical and thermodynamical analysis of the global properties of the potential energy landscape of a minimalistic model of a polypeptide is presented. The global geometry of the potential energy landscape is supposed to contain relevant information about the properties of a given sequence of amino acids, that is, to discriminate between a random heteropolymer and a protein. By considering the SH3 and PYP protein-sequences and their randomized versions it turns out that in addition to the standard signatures of the folding transition-discriminating between protein sequences of amino acids and random heteropolymer sequences-also peculiar geometric signatures of the equipotential hypersurfaces in configuration space can discriminate between proteins and random heteropolymers. Interestingly, these geometric signatures are the "shadows" of deeper topological changes that take place in correspondence with the protein folding transition. The protein folding transition takes place in systems with a small number of degrees of freedom (very far from the Avogadro number) and in the absence of a symmetry-breaking phenomenon. Nevertheless, seen from the deepest level of topology changes of equipotential submanifolds of phase space, the protein folding transition fully qualifies as a phase transition.
Published: 2022

50. Optimized structures for vibration attenuation and sound control in nature: A review

Author: Federico Bosia, Vinicius F. Dal Poggetto, Antonio S. Gliozzi, Gabriele Greco, Martin Lott, Marco Miniaci, Federica Ongaro, Miguel Onorato, Seyedeh F. Seyyedizadeh, Mauro Tortello, Nicola M. Pugno, Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Department of Applied Science and Technology [Politecnico di Torino] (DISAT), University of Trento [Trento], Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Acoustique - IEMN (ACOUSTIQUE - IEMN), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), All authors are supported by the European Commission H2020 FET Open 'Boheme' grant no. 863179., and European Project: 863179,H2020,H2020-FETOPEN-2018-2019-2020-01,BOHEME(2020)
Subjects: vibrations, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph), Natural materials, Natural materials wave control vibrations hierarchy, FOS: Physical sciences, General Materials Science, Physics - Biological Physics, hierarchy, wave control
Abstract: International audience; Nature has engineered complex designs to achieve advanced properties and functionalities through millions of years of evolution. Many organisms have adapted to their living environments by producing extremely efficient materials and structures exhibiting optimized mechanical, thermal, and optical properties, which current technology is often unable to reproduce. These properties are often achieved using hierarchical structures spanning macro-, meso-, micro-, and nanoscales, widely observed in many natural materials like wood, bone, spider silk, and sponges. Thus far, bioinspired approaches have been successful in identifying optimized structures in terms of quasistatic mechanical properties, such as strength, toughness, and adhesion, but comparatively little work has been done as far as dynamic ones are concerned (e.g., vibration damping, noise insulation, sound amplification). In particular, relatively limited knowledge currently exists on how hierarchical structure can play a role in the optimization of natural structures, although concurrent length scales no doubt allow multiple frequency ranges to be addressed. Here, we review the main work that has been done to analyze structural optimization for dynamic mechanical properties, highlighting some common traits and strategies in different biological systems. We also discuss the relevance to bioinspired materials, in particular in the field of phononic crystals and metamaterials, and the potential of exploiting natural designs for technological applications.
Published: 2022

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