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Therapeutic bioconjugates are emerging as an essential tool to combat human disease. Site-specific conjugation technologies are widely recognized as the optimal approach for producing homogeneous drug products. Non-natural amino acid (nnAA) incorporation allows the introduction of bioconjugation handles at genetically defined locations. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a facile host for therapeutic nnAA protein synthesis because it can stably replicate plasmids encoding genes for product and nnAA incorporation. Here, we demonstrate that by engineering E. coli to incorporate high levels of nnAAs, it is feasible to produce nnAA-containing antibody fragments and full-length immunoglobulin Gs (IgGs) in the cytoplasm of E. coli. Using high-density fermentation, it was possible to produce both of these types of molecules with site-specifically incorporated nnAAs at titers > 1 g/L. We anticipate this strategy will help simplify the production and manufacture of promising antibody therapeutics.

ObjectivePleural effusion (PE) is a common pulmonary manifestation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and is associated with disease activity. However, little is known regarding the additive effects of PE on cardiac function. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate multi-parameter cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) findings in SLE patients with PE and to explore whether cardiac involvement is associated with PE.MethodsPatients with SLE and age-matched/sex-matched healthy controls were included in this study. Patients with SLE were diagnosed according to the 2019 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology classification criteria. Moreover, the PE diagnosis was based on computed tomography, and the height of the effusion was > 5 mm. All enrolled individuals underwent CMR imaging, including cine and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), T1, and T2 mapping imaging. The left and right ventricular function, LGE, T1, extracellular volume (ECV), and T2 values were evaluated.ResultsA total of 111 patients with SLE were enrolled, of whom 26 (23.42%) had PE. White cell count, hemoglobin, CRP, ESR, and lactate dehydrogenase levels were higher in SLE patients with PE than in SLE patients without PE (P

Summary: Background: Endovascular therapy (EVT) was demonstrated effective in acute large vessel occlusion (LVO) with large infarction. Revealing subgroups of patients who would or would not benefit from EVT will further inform patient selection for EVT. Methods: This post-hoc analysis of the ANGEL-ASPECT trial, a randomised controlled trial of 456 adult patients with acute anterior-circulation LVO and large infarction, defined by ASPECTS 3–5 or infarct core volume 70–100 mL, enrolled from 46 centres across China, between October 2, 2020 and May 18, 2022. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receiving EVT and medical management or medical management alone. One patient withdrew consent, 455 patients were included in this post-hoc analysis and categorised into 4 subgroups by lower or higher NIHSS (< or ≥16) and smaller or larger infarct core (< or ≥70 mL). Those with lower NIHSS & smaller core, and higher NIHSS & larger core were considered clinical-radiological matched subgroups; otherwise clinical-radiological mismatched subgroups. Primary outcome was 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS). ANGEL-ASPECT is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04551664. Findings: Overall, 139 (30.5%) patients had lower NIHSS & smaller core, 106 (23.3%) higher NIHSS & larger core, 130 (28.6%) higher NIHSS & smaller core, and 80 (17.6%) lower NIHSS & larger core. There was significant ordinal shift in the 90-day mRS toward a better outcome with EVT in clinical-radiological matched subgroups: lower NIHSS & smaller core (generalised OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.18–2.62; p = 0.01) and higher NIHSS & larger core (1.64; 1.06–2.54; 0.01); but not in the two clinical-radiological mismatched subgroups. Interpretation: Our findings suggested that in patients with anterior-circulation LVO and large infarction, EVT was associated with improved 90-day functional outcomes in those with matched clinical and radiological severities, but not in those with mismatched clinical and radiological severities. Simultaneous consideration of stroke severity and infarct core volume may inform patient selection for EVT. Funding: Unrestricted grants from industry [Covidien Healthcare International Trading (Shanghai), Johnson & Johnson MedTech, Genesis MedTech (Shanghai), and Shanghai HeartCare Medical Technology].

High exhaust temperature is an intrinsic nature of natural gas engines which underlies power de-rating and thermal aging of after-treatment system; therefore, this study integrates an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system between engine and it's three-way catalyst (TWC) to address these challenges. ORC facilitates power output enhancement through exhaust energy recovery and alleviates thermal aging by reducing exhaust temperature. To estimate the effectiveness of this hypothesized system, a simulation-based investigation is performed. First, simulation models, including engine, TWC, and vehicle dynamic models, are built and validated by experimental data. According to the temperature characteristics of different TWCs, three scenarios, representing old, current, and prospective TWC technology, are formulated to estimate the ORC performance under Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle. Results show that ORC system can substantially alleviate the thermal damage caused by high exhaust temperature and extend TWC lifespan. It is estimated that over 98.5 % of thermal damage can be decreased by proper ORC setting, and the average TWC lifespan extension can be at least 55.4, making a reduced noble metal usage and cost of TWC. Meanwhile, with the decrease of the working temperature of TWC, ORC can recover exhaust energy under more road conditions, further improving the net power and shortening the payback period of extra ORC hardware costs. A reduction in the working temperature of TWC from 770.5 K to 618 K yields a 109 % enhancement in maximum power, coupled with a 62.30 % reduction in the payback period. These findings fully reflect the advantage of ORC-TWC coupling and indicate that ORC is supposed to be used more for the TWC with a low working temperature to maximize economic effectiveness. This study provides a novel pathway for thermal aging alleviation of TWC and a valuable reference for prospective studies on matching ORC with TWC under road conditions.

Abstract Background The cardiac magnetic resonance tissue tracking (CMR-TT) technique was used to obtain left atrial strain and strain rate in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and to evaluate the utility of this technique in the quantitative assessment of myocardial infarction for distinguishing acute from chronic myocardial infarction. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 36 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 29 patients with chronic myocardial infarction (CMI) who underwent CMR and 30 controls. Left atrial (LA) and ventricular functions were quantified by volumetric, and CMR-TT derived strain analysis from long and short left ventricular view cines. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to determine the diagnostic accuracy of CMR-TT strain parameters for discriminating between acute and chronic myocardial infarction. Results AMI and CMI participants had impaired LA reservoir function, conduit function and LA booster pump dysfunction compared to the controls. LA strain was more sensitive than LV global strain for the assessment of the MI stage. Peak late-negative SR yielded the best areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.879, showing differentiation between acute and chronic myocardial infarction of all the LA strain parameters obtained. The highest significant differences between chronic myocardial infarction and normal myocardium were also found in the LV strain (p

This study introduces a novel approach for fabricating vertically stacked mini-LED arrays, integrating InGaN yellow and blue epitaxial layers with a stress buffer layer to enhance optoelectronic characteristics and structural stability. This method significantly simplifies the LED design by reducing the need for RGB configurations, thus lowering costs and system complexity. Employing vertical stacking integration technology, the design achieves high-density, efficient white light production suitable for multifunctional applications, including automotive lighting and outdoor signage. Experimental results demonstrate the exceptional performance of the stacked yellow and blue mini-LEDs in terms of luminous efficiency, wavelength precision, and thermal stability. The study also explores the performance of these LEDs under varying temperature conditions and their long-term reliability, indicating that InGaN-based yellow LEDs offer superior performance over traditional AlGaInP yellow LEDs, particularly in high-temperature environments. This technology promises significant advancements in the design and application of lighting systems, with potential implications for both automotive and general illumination markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field of next‐generation microdisplays is flourishing. Relevant display technologies, such as mini‐light emission diodes (mini‐LEDs), micro‐organic light emission diodes (micro‐OLEDs), and micro‐light emission diodes (micro‐LEDs) are thus in the urgent stage of development. From this perspective, comprehensive and systematical analyzes are conducted for the aforesaid microdisplay configurations. A holistic view of microdisplay technologies is developed with the corresponding performance metrics, providing a path for miscellaneous scenarios. Among these scenarios, the applications in augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), wearable devices, and head‐up displays (HUD) are currently attracting considerable attention for deeper human‐digital interactions. However, there is a multiplicity of obstacles and challenges hindering such development. Nevertheless, recent advances in microdisplay technologies hold tremendous promise for the paradigms of these applications, taking a leap forward for next‐generation microdisplays. This review presents perspectives, relevant materials, and the technology landscape for such ongoing display technologies, offering guidance on the design of advanced microdisplays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A compound varifocal lens based on electromagnetic drive technology is designed and fabricated, where the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film acts as a driving component, while the PDMS biconvex lens and the plane-concave lens form a coaxial compound lens system. The plane-concave lens equipped with driving coils is installed directly above the PDMS lens surrounded by the annular magnet. When different currents are applied, the annular magnet moves up and down, driving the PDMS film to undergo elastic deformation, and then resulting in longitudinal movement of the PDMS lens. The position change of the PDMS lens changes the focal length of the compound lens system. To verify the feasibility and practicability of this design, a prototype of our compound lens system is fabricated in experiment. Our proposed compound lens shows that its zoom ability reaches 9.28 mm when the current ranges from −0.20 A to 0.21 A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor is widely recognized as a critical component for accurate perception. However, there are a host of challenges that impede their performance, including low spatial resolution, high costs, large size, low reliability, and susceptibility to interference. It is challenging to overcome these issues using a single LiDAR module, necessitating the need for a review of current LiDAR technologies. The paper commences by introducing the fundamental principles of various laser rangefinders and discussing the optical modulation technologies used to prevent interference and ghost images. Next, the paper delves into the latest developments in laser technology, with a focus on enhancing the switching rate, compliance with eye safety regulations, miniaturization, and improving stability. One highly promising innovation is the photonic crystal surface emitting laser (PCSEL), a novel light source that boasts high‐speed, small divergence angles, and high‐power output. Finally, the paper discusses the advancements made in non‐solid‐state scanning and solid‐state scanning, such as improving stability, increasing scanning angles, and optimizing the manufacturing of mechanical and micro‐electromechanical systems (MEMS). Additionally, the paper highlights the recent advancements in nanotechnology, specifically metasurface technology, which offers superior capabilities such as beam deflection, enhanced field‐of‐view (FOV), and dynamic modulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract As the uncertainty of the global economy intensifies, domestic real economy risks and financial risks may interact and worsen under international risk shocks. Commodity prices are an important channel for transmitting international economic and financial risks. Taking January 2007 to July 2021 as the sample period and using data from nine commodity price indices and banking, diversified finance, and insurance industry indices, this article uses rolling regression method to construct different commodity price risk and financial sector risk indicators. Combined with a vector autoregressive model, the risk contagion effect is calculated. The analysis indicates that there exist significant asymmetric risk contagion effects between various commodities (with energy and steel having the largest risk spillover effects) and there are significant net risk spillover effects on financial sectors (with insurance having the largest risk spillover effect). There are asymmetric risk contagion effects among different financial sectors, with varying degrees of risk spillover effects on commodity prices (with the banking sector having the greatest risk spillover effects on commodity prices and other financial sectors, and diversified finance having the greatest risk spillover effect on commodities). During major global financial events, the risk spillover effects of commodities and input effects increase significantly due to the intensification of the risk spillover effects of energy, steel, and nonferrous metals. The risk spillover effect between commodities and the overall risk spillover effect have significantly increased. The financial sector’s overall net risk input effect has increased, while the net risk input effect of the insurance sector has also increased. These findings are significant for improving systemic financial risk monitoring indicators and adopting accurate prevention and control measures.

The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is an attractive process for next‐generation ammonia synthesis; therefore, identifying a suitable catalyst for this reaction is critical. In recent years, transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and their Janus structures have gained significant attention because of their outstanding catalytic properties. However, the synthesis of Janus TMDs remains challenging, and exposing their active sites is difficult when using a low‐dimensional structure to improve the catalytic activity. To date, relatively little research has been conducted in this area. Herein, emerging Janus WSeS/WSe2 heterostructure nanowalls are systematically explored. These nanowalls are used as a nitrogen fixation catalyst in electrolytes. The nanowalls demonstrate a significant NH3 yield rate and Faradaic efficiency of 13.97 µg h‐mgcat−1 and 35.24% at −0.3 V in 0.1 m HCl, as well as 15.96 µg h‐mgcat−1 and 40.2% in 0.1 M Na2SO4. This study presents an in‐depth analysis of the properties of Janus WSeS/WSe2 heterostructure nanowalls and a conceptual framework for linking TMD‐based catalysts and the NRR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combining wave energy converters (WECs) with floating offshore wind turbines proves a potential strategy to achieve better use of marine renewable energy. The full coupling investigation on the dynamic and power generation features of the hybrid systems under operational sea states is necessary but limited by numerical simulation tools. Here an aero-hydro-servo-elastic coupling numerical tool is developed and applied to investigate the motion, mooring tension, and energy conversion performance of a hybrid system consisting of a spar-type floating wind turbine and an annular wave energy converter. Results show that the addition of the WEC has no significant negative effect on the dynamic performance of the platform and even enhances the rotational stability of the platform. For surge and pitch motion, the peak of the spectra is originated from the dominating wave component, whereas for the heave motion, the peak of the spectrum is the superposed effect of the dominating wave component and the resonance of the system. The addition of the annular WEC can slightly improve the wind power by making the rotor to be in a better position to face the incoming wind and provide considerable wave energy production, which can compensate for the downtime of the offshore wind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]