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Abstract: This review synthesized implementation literature on group-based exercise programs in physiotherapy. MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched for English and French articles published between 2000 and 2022. Through a two-step process (titles/abstracts and full text), two independent reviewers selected studies. The independent reviewers then extracted data and assessed study quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. A total of 31 studies involving 4555 participants were included. Data on the group-based programs were extracted using the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template and reported narratively. Implementation outcomes were reported narratively. The most frequently reported constructs pertained to feasibility and acceptability. Overall, the implementation of group-based programs appeared to be feasible, yielding high rates of adherence and attendance (between 36% and 91%), moderate-to-high completion rates (between 46% and 100%), low-to-moderate dropout rates (between 4.5% and 35.9%), and high satisfaction (satisfaction scores generally ranging above 7/10). The present findings also indicate a high acceptability for group-based physiotherapy exercise programs among patients. This review provided an overview of the literature on the implementation of group-based exercise programs in physiotherapy. In addition, it identified the need for more evidence on fidelity and costs. Future research should address these gaps to better inform healthcare stakeholders., Competing Interests: Financial disclosure statements have been obtained, and no conflicts of interest have been reported by the authors or by any individuals in control of the content of this article., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Backgound: Hyperoxemia is common and associated with poor outcome during veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) support for cardiogenic shock. However, little is known about practical daily management of oxygenation. Then, we aim to describe sweep gas oxygen fraction (F S O 2 ), postoxygenator oxygen partial pressure (P POST O 2 ), inspired oxygen fraction (F I O 2 ), and right radial arterial oxygen partial pressure (P a O 2 ) between day 1 and day 7 of peripheral VA ECMO support. We also aim to evaluate the association between oxygenation parameters and outcome. In this retrospective multicentric study, each participating center had to report data on the last 10 eligible patients for whom the ICU stay was terminated. Patients with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation were excluded. Primary endpoint was individual mean F S O 2 during the seven first days of ECMO support (F S O 2   mean (day 1-7) )., Results: Between August 2019 and March 2022, 139 patients were enrolled in 14 ECMO centers in France, and one in Switzerland. Among them, the median value for F S O 2   mean (day 1-7) was 70 [57; 79] % but varied according to center case volume. Compared to high volume centers, centers with less than 30 VA-ECMO runs per year were more likely to maintain F S O 2 ≥ 70% (OR 5.04, CI 95% [1.39; 20.4], p = 0.017). Median value for right radial P a O 2   mean (day 1-7) was 114 [92; 145] mmHg, and decreased from 125 [86; 207] mmHg at day 1, to 97 [81; 133] mmHg at day 3 (p < 0.01). Severe hyperoxemia (i.e. right radial P a O 2 ≥ 300 mmHg) occurred in 16 patients (12%). P POST O 2 , a surrogate of the lower body oxygenation, was measured in only 39 patients (28%) among four centers. The median value of P POST O 2   mean (day 1-7) value was 198 [169; 231] mmHg. By multivariate analysis, age (OR 1.07, CI95% [1.03-1.11], p < 0.001), F S O 2   mean (day 1-3) (OR 1.03 [1.00-1.06], p = 0.039), and right radial P a O 2   mean (day 1-3) (OR 1.03, CI95% [1.00-1.02], p = 0.023) were associated with in-ICU mortality., Conclusion: In a multicentric cohort of cardiogenic shock supported by VA ECMO, the median value for F S O 2   mean (day 1-7) was 70 [57; 79] %. P POST O 2 monitoring was infrequent and revealed significant hyperoxemia. Higher F S O 2   mean (day 1-3) and right radial P a O 2   mean (day 1-3) were independently associated with in-ICU mortality., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

We developed a 96-well plate assay which allows fast, reproducible, and high-throughput generation of 3D cardiac rings around a deformable optically transparent hydrogel (polyethylene glycol [PEG]) pillar of known stiffness. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, mixed with normal human adult dermal fibroblasts in an optimized 3:1 ratio, self-organized to form ring-shaped cardiac constructs. Immunostaining showed that the fibroblasts form a basal layer in contact with the glass, stabilizing the muscular fiber above. Tissues started contracting around the pillar at D1 and their fractional shortening increased until D7, reaching a plateau at 25±1%, that was maintained up to 14 days. The average stress, calculated from the compaction of the central pillar during contractions, was 1.4±0.4 mN/mm 2 . The cardiac constructs recapitulated expected inotropic responses to calcium and various drugs (isoproterenol, verapamil) as well as the arrhythmogenic effects of dofetilide. This versatile high-throughput assay allows multiple in situ mechanical and structural readouts., Competing Interests: MS, CJ, CP, QL, LD, ML, JH No competing interests declared, PD, SR, CC, RR Employee of 4Dcell, which manufactured the 3D gel structures, (© 2023, Seguret et al.)

Introduction and Hypothesis: Urinary incontinence (UI) is prevalent among older women, but conservative treatment rates remain low due to limited accessibility, despite evidence supporting pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) efficacy. Group-based approaches, including online options, could offer cost-effective alternatives. Recent evidence supports the feasibility of online group-based PFMT for treating UI in older women. This pilot study now evaluated the clinical effects of this program on the number of leakage episodes per day, additional UI-specific outcomes, and other symptoms and indicators., Methods: Community-dwelling women aged 65 and over, with stress or mixed UI, were recruited. Eligibility was assessed through in-person evaluations conducted by pelvic floor physiotherapists, who instructed participants on pelvic floor muscle contraction using digital palpation. Participants engaged in a 12-week group-based PFMT program with weekly 1-h sessions. Data were collected at three time points: recruitment (PRE1), before the first session (PRE2), and after the program (POST). Participants recorded UI symptoms using 7-day bladder diaries and standardized questionnaires on UI symptoms, quality of life (QoL), UI self-efficacy, and perceived costs. After the program (POST), participants provided feedback on their impression of improvement and satisfaction., Results: Participants reported a significant reduction in their number of leakage episodes per day. Standardized questionnaire scores also supported the positive effects of the program on UI symptoms and QoL, self-efficacy in avoiding leakage and performing PFMT exercises, and monthly costs for continence products. Older women expressed high satisfaction with symptom improvement and the program., Conclusions: Online group-based PFMT improved UI symptoms, QoL, UI self-efficacy, and perceived UI costs among older women. Pragmatic randomized controlled trials are necessary for further validation., (© 2024. The International Urogynecological Association.)

Background: Family physicians had to deliver care remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic. Their efforts highlighted the importance of developing a primary care telemedicine (TM) model. TM has the potential to provide a high-quality option for primary care delivery. However, it poses unique challenges for older adults. Our aim was therefore to explore the effects of TM and the determinants of its use in primary care for older adults., Methods: In this systematic mixed studies review, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINHAL, AgeLine, DARE, Cochrane Library, and clinical trials research registers were searched for articles in English, French or Russian. Two reviewers performed study selection, data extraction and assessment of study quality. TM's effects were reported through the tabulation of key variables. TM use determinants were interpreted using thematic analysis based on Chang's framework. All data were integrated using a joint display matrix., Results: From 3,328 references identified, 20 studies were included. They used either phone (n = 8), videoconference (n = 9) or both (n = 3). Among studies reporting positive outcomes in TM experience, 'user habit or preferences' was the most cited barrier and 'location and travel time' was the most cited facilitator. Only one study reported negative outcomes in TM experience and reported 'comfort with patient communication' and 'user interface, intended use or usability' as barriers, and 'technology skills and knowledge' and 'location and travel time' as facilitators. Among studies reporting positive outcomes in service use and usability, no barrier or facilitator was cited more than once. Only one study reported a positive outcome in health-related and behavioural outcomes., Conclusions: TM in older adults' primary care generally led to positive experiences, high satisfaction and generated an interest towards alternative healthcare delivery model. Future research should explore its efficacy on clinical, health-related and healthcare services use., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Less than half of women with urinary incontinence (UI) receive treatment, despite the high prevalence and negative impact of UI and the evidence supporting the efficacy of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT). A non-inferiority randomized controlled trial aiming to support healthcare systems in delivering continence care showed that group-based PFMT was non-inferior and more cost-effective than individual PFMT to treat UI in older women. Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of providing online treatment options. Therefore, this pilot study aimed to assess the feasibility of an online group-based PFMT program for UI in older women. Thirty-four older women took part in the program. Feasibility was assessed from both participant and clinician perspectives. One woman dropped out. Participants attended 95.2% of all scheduled sessions, and the majority (32/33, 97.0%) completed their home exercises 4 to 5 times per week. Most women (71.9%) were completely satisfied with the program's effects on their UI symptoms after completion. Only 3 women (9.1%) reported that they would like to receive additional treatment. Physiotherapists reported high acceptability. The fidelity to the original program guidelines was also good. An online group-based PFMT program appears feasible for the treatment of UI in older women, from both participant and clinician perspectives.

Human milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and whey proteins are nutritionally and functionally valuable, with many beneficial bioactivities associated with their glycosylation. However glycosylation of milk components other than free milk oligosaccharides are underinvestigated. Whey protein concentrate (WPC) ingredients with various enrichments or depletions are used in infant formula (IF) formulations to contribute to human milk equivalence and bioactivity benefits, but their overall or global glycosylation has not been compared. We compared the global glycosylation of commercial WPC ingredients for use in various IF formulations; two MFGM-enriched WPC ingredients (high fat HF1 and lower fat HF2), an α-lactalbumin-enriched WPC (WPC Lac) which has α-lactalbumin concentration closer to human milk and significantly less β-lactoglobulin which is not present in human milk, and two base WPC ingredients (WPC 80 and WPC 35) using lectin microarray profiling. WPC Lac and WPC HF1 glycosylation were highly similar to each other and both somewhat similar to WPC 35, while WPC HF2 was more similar to the base WPC 80 ingredient. N-linked glycosylation analysis demonstrated that WPC HF1 and WPC Lac were qualitatively most similar to one another, with WPC 80 and WPC 35 having similar structures, confirming lectin microarray profiling as a valuable method to compare global glycosylation. Thus WPC Lac may be a valuable ingredient for providing equivalent glycosylation to MFGM supplementation., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: There are challenges in healthcare service delivery in rural areas, and this may be especially true for persons with dementia, who have higher needs to access to the healthcare system, and may have difficulties to commute easily and safely to these services. There is a growing body of literature regarding geographical disparities, but there is no comprehensive systematic review of geographical differences in persons with dementia across all domains of care quality. Therefore, the objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review of the literature on rural and urban differences in quality of dementia care outcomes of persons with dementia across all quality-of-care domains., Methods: We performed a digital search in Ovid MEDLINE on July 16, 2019, updated on May 3, 2021, for French or English records. We selected studies that reported outcome from at least one domain of quality of dementia care (Access, Integration, Effective Care, Efficient Care, Population Health, Safety, and Patient-Centered) in both rural and urban persons with dementia or caregivers. We used rigorous, systematic methods for screening, selection, data extraction and we analyzed outcomes reported by at least two studies using vote counting and appraised the certainty of evidence. Finally, we explored sources of heterogeneity., Results: From the 38 included studies, we found differences in many dementia care domains. Rural persons with dementia had higher mortality rates (Population Health), lower visits to any physicians (Access), more hospitalizations but shorter stays (Integration), higher antipsychotic medications (Safety), lower use of home care services and higher use of nursing home (Patient-Centered Care) compared to urban persons with dementia., Conclusions: This comprehensive portrait of rural-urban differences in dementia care highlights possible geographically based inequities and can be used by researchers and decision makers to guide development of more equitable dementia care policies., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Introduction: Urinary incontinence (UI) is one of the most prevalent health concerns in women age 65 and over. The recommended first-line treatment for UI is individual pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT). However, healthcare systems worldwide are unable to meet the demand for this resource-intensive approach. Recently, the Group Rehabilitation Or IndividUal Physiotherapy (GROUP) trial showed that group-based PFMT was not inferior to individual PFMT to treat UI in older women, despite using fewer resources. This study aims to assess the feasibility, acceptability and effects on UI-related symptoms and associated quality of life (QoL) of an online adaptation of the GROUP program (teleGROUP) for UI in older women., Methods and Analysis: This pilot study will involve the recruitment of 32 older women with UI. Participants' attendance to online sessions, adherence to weekly home exercises, and side effects, in addition to the physiotherapist's fidelity to the program delivery will be collected to evaluate the program's feasibility. Participants' dropout rates, reasons for dropout, satisfaction and usability scores will be collected to evaluate the program's acceptability for participants. A survey will evaluate the program's acceptability for the physiotherapists. Additionally, at the end of the study, qualitative semi-structured interviews and focus groups will investigate further feasibility and acceptability. To measure the effects of teleGROUP, number of weekly leakages and percentage reduction will be the primary outcomes., Competing Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2022.)

Background: Many primary care sites have implemented models to improve detection, diagnosis, and management of dementia, as per Canadian guidelines. The aim of this study is to describe the responses of clinicians, managers, and staff of sites that have implemented these models when presented with audit results, their insights on the factors that explain their results, their proposed solutions for improvement and how these align to one another., Methods: One audit and feedback cycle was carried out in eight purposefully sampled sites in Ontario, Canada, that had previously implemented dementia care models. Audit consisted of a) chart review to assess quality of dementia care indicators, b) questionnaire to assess the physicians' knowledge, attitudes and practice toward dementia care, and c) semi-structured interviews to understand barriers and facilitators to implementing these models. Feedback was given to clinicians, managers, and staff in the form of graphic and oral presentations, followed by eight focus groups (one per site). Discussions revolved around: what audit results elicited more discussion from the participants, 2) their insights on the factors that explain their audit results, and 3) solutions they propose to improve dementia care. Deductive content and inductive thematic analyses, grounded in causal pathways models' theory was performed., Findings: The audit and feedback process allowed the 63 participants to discuss many audit results and share their insights on a) organizational factors (lack of human resources, the importance of organized links with community services, clear roles and support from external memory clinics) and b) clinician factors (perceived competency practice and attitudes on dementia care), that could explain their audit results. Participants also provided solutions to improve dementia care in primary care (financial incentives, having clear pathways, adding tools to improve chart documentation, establish training on dementia care, and the possibility of benchmarking with other institutions). Proposed solutions were well aligned with their insights and further nuanced according to contextual details., Conclusions: This study provides valuable information on solutions proposed by primary care clinicians, managers, and staff to improve dementia care in primary care. The solutions are grounded in clinical experience and will inform ongoing and future dementia strategies., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Purpose: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is associated with perturbation of orthostatic postural control. In humans, orthostatic postural control is organized around the gravitational vertical (GV). Perception of the GV involves a bottom-up process (central integration of multisensorial information) and a top-down process that uses cognitive mechanisms relying on body image. This study hypothesized that AIS would be associated with an erroneous central representation of verticality. The objective was to demonstrate an altered top-down process of sense of verticality in AIS., Methods: This multicenter, single-blind, case-control study evaluated 63 adolescent girls with AIS divided into two groups (major AIS (n = 31) and minor AIS (n = 32)) and 30 matched non-scoliotic adolescents. Participants scored their perception of trunk appearance in an upright position using a pictographic scale. The outcome measure was the difference between perception score and real trunk deformity., Results: Participants with major AIS presented with misperception of their trunk appearance in an upright position when compared with those with minor AIS or controls., Conclusion: Adolescents with major AIS underestimate their trunk deformity in an upright position. This suggests an altered representation of body image, affecting top-down control of sense of verticality.

Mucin glycosylation is the key facilitator of microbial attachment and nutrition and it varies according to biological location, health and disease status, microbiome composition, infection, and multiple other factors. Mucin glycans have also been reported to attenuate pathogen virulence and mediate biofilm dispersal. With the labor intensive and time-consuming purification required for natural mucins and their low quantitative yield from biological sources, natural mucin microarrays provide a convenient and multiplexed platform to study mucin glycosylation and interactions. In this chapter we describe the purification of natural mucins, using sputum as an example biological source, and the printing of natural mucin microarrays., (© 2022. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Mammalian cell surface lectins mediate many important biological interactions which regulate physiological processes and therefore profiling mammalian cells on glycan microarray is of interest. However, many whole mammalian cells are not compatible with glycomics microarray formats and instead cell-derived micelles are prepared and profiled instead of whole cells as they can accurately represent the parental cell glycome. In this chapter, we describe the preparation of cell-derived micelles from mammalian cells, their labeling using a membrane-incorporating dye, and their profiling on a glycan microarray platform., (© 2022. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Glycan microarrays are widely used to elucidate carbohydrate binding specificity and affinity of various analytes including proteins, microorganisms, cells, and tissues. Glycan microarrays comprise a wide variety of platforms, differing in surface chemistry, presentation of carbohydrates, carbohydrate valency, and detection strategies, all of which impact on analyte performance. This chapter describes detailed methods for printing neoglycoprotein and glycoprotein microarrays on hydrogel-coated slides and incubation of these glycan microarrays with fluorescently labeled lectins., (© 2022. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) is a measurement often used to compare the efficiency of various carbohydrates and their derivatives for inhibition of lectin binding to particular ligands. IC 50 values can be calculated using experimental data from various platforms including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay- (ELISA-)type microtiter plate assays, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), or glycan microarrays. In this chapter, we describe methods to fluorescently label a lectin, to carry out a lectin binding inhibition experiment on glycan microarrays, and to calculate the IC 50 value of a binding inhibitory molecule using GraphPad Prism software. In the example used to illustrate the method in this chapter, IC 50 calculation is demonstrated for inhibition of Maackia amurensis agglutinin (MAA) binding to 3'sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine (3SLN) using free lactose., (© 2022. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

The randomness of some irreversible quantum phenomena is a central question because irreversible phenomena break quantum coherence and thus yield an irreversible loss of information. The case of quantum jumps observed in the fluorescence of a single two-level atom illuminated by a quasi-resonant laser beam is a worked example where statistical interpretations of quantum mechanics still meet some difficulties because the basic equations are fully deterministic and unitary. In such a problem with two different time scales, the atom makes coherent optical Rabi oscillations between the two states, interrupted by random emissions (quasi-instantaneous) of photons where coherence is lost. To describe this system, we already proposed a novel approach, which is completed here. It amounts to putting a probability on the density matrix of the atom and deducing a general "kinetic Kolmogorov-like" equation for the evolution of the probability. In the simple case considered here, the probability only depends on a single variable θ describing the state of the atom, and p(θ,t) yields the statistical properties of the atom under the joint effects of coherent pumping and random emission of photons. We emphasize that p(θ,t) allows the description of all possible histories of the atom, as in Everett's many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics. This yields solvable equations in the two-level atom case.