11,918 results on '"LOGIC"'
Search Results
2. Thinking about rural education and binary logic
- Author
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Paterson, Anne, Machfudi, Moch. Imam, Abarzua-Silva, Loreto, and Henderson, Robyn
- Published
- 2024
3. Between Profit and Purpose: Employee Responses to Financial and Social Logics in Women's Sport.
- Author
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Isard, Risa F., Melton, E. Nicole, Delia, Elizabeth B., and Nite, Calvin
- Subjects
- *
WOMEN'S sports , *SOCIETAL reaction , *EMPLOYEE attitudes , *WOMEN employees , *MANAGERS of sports teams , *SOCIAL enterprises , *LOGIC - Abstract
Recent market growth in women's sport has happened as fans increasingly support brands that embrace social issues, suggesting that women's sport houses multiple logics (financial and social) that may be compatible. The purpose of this study is to explore employees' perspectives of the logics in women's sport and how these influence their workplace experiences. Using a case study design, we interviewed 15 women's sport employees. We observed that they navigate both financial and social logics, which they see as compatible. This understanding of a complementary relationship has both behavioral (e.g., collaboration) and emotional (e.g., collective anxiety) consequences for employees. Notably, collective anxiety is simultaneously associated with negative effects and positive coping mechanisms, demonstrating its complexity in shaping individuals' actions. This research advances understanding of how employees respond to multiple logics and the effects of this process. Insights from this study can help women's sport managers better support workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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4. Efficient Normalization of Linear Temporal Logic.
- Author
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Esparza, Javier, Rubio, Rubén, and Sickert, Salomon
- Subjects
LOGIC ,ROBOTS - Abstract
In the mid 1980s, Lichtenstein, Pnueli, and Zuck proved a classical theorem stating that every formula of Past LTL (the extension of Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) with past operators) is equivalent to a formula of the form \(\bigwedge _{i=1}^n {\mathbf {G}}{\mathbf {F}}\varphi _i \vee {\mathbf {F}}{\mathbf {G}}\psi _i\) , where φ
i and ψi contain only past operators. Some years later, Chang, Manna, and Pnueli built on this result to derive a similar normal form for LTL. Both normalization procedures have a non-elementary worst-case blow-up, and follow an involved path from formulas to counter-free automata to star-free regular expressions and back to formulas. We improve on both points. We present direct and purely syntactic normalization procedures for LTL, yielding a normal form very similar to the one by Chang, Manna, and Pnueli, that exhibit only a single exponential blow-up. As an application, we derive a simple algorithm to translate LTL into deterministic Rabin automata. The algorithm normalizes the formula, translates it into a special very weak alternating automaton, and applies a simple determinization procedure, valid only for these special automata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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5. A new nano-design of configurable logic module based on coplanar reversible adder and modified Fredkin gates using quantum technology.
- Author
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Wang, Junzhuang, Tan, Dongping, and Diakina, Ekaterina
- Subjects
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QUANTUM gates , *DIGITAL signal processing , *REVERSIBLE computing , *PROCESS capability , *LOGIC - Abstract
Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) and reversible logic have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional CMOS technology, offering several advantages, such as ultra-dense structures and ultra-low-power consumption. Among the crucial components of processors, the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) has witnessed significant advancements in reversible computing, leading to energy-efficient and high-speed computing systems, particularly beneficial for Digital Signal Processing (DSP) applications. Conventional ALUs, reliant on irreversible logic, encounter energy inefficiencies due to information loss during computations, resulting in increased power consumption. Moreover, they may face limitations in processing speed, impacting real-time processing capabilities, especially for complex DSP tasks involving intensive arithmetic and logic operations. In response to these challenges, a research paper presents a pioneering approach, proposing a novel reversible ALU design using QCA nanotechnology. The proposed design ingeniously incorporates Modified Fredkin (MF) gates, and a coplanar reversible full adder based on the HNG gate, skillfully leveraging the unique features of QCA nanotechnology to optimize the ALU's energy-efficient and high-speed performance for DSP applications. This revolutionary QCA reversible ALU comprises 330 QCA cells arranged in a compact 0.41 μm2 area, skillfully realized through the coplanar clock-zone-based crossover approach. Its core computational elements, the three MF gates, and the innovative coplanar reversible full adder empower the ALU to execute a remarkable array of 20 distinct arithmetic and logic operations, showcasing its versatility in handling diverse DSP tasks. The proposed structure undergoes extensive simulations utilizing QCADesigner version 2.0.3 to confirm its performance. The evaluation results manifest substantial improvements compared to previous designs, boasting a 30% reduction in area occupancy, a 20% decrement in cell count, a 10% reduction in latency, and a 10% decrease in quantum cost compared to the best-known previous structure. These compelling outcomes solidify the potential of the proposed reversible ALU as a transformative advancement in energy-efficient and high-speed computing for DSP applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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6. Cerise: Program Verification on a Capability Machine in the Presence of Untrusted Code.
- Author
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Georges, Aïna Linn, Guéneau, Armaël, Van Strydonck, Thomas, Timany, Amin, Trieu, Alix, Devriese, Dominique, and Birkedal, Lars
- Subjects
LOGIC ,MACHINERY - Abstract
A capability machine is a type of CPU allowing fine-grained privilege separation using capabilities, machine words that represent certain kinds of authority. We present a mathematical model and accompanying proof methods that can be used for formal verification of functional correctness of programs running on a capability machine, even when they invoke and are invoked by unknown (and possibly malicious) code. We use a program logic called Cerise for reasoning about known code, and an associated logical relation, for reasoning about unknown code. The logical relation formally captures the capability safety guarantees provided by the capability machine. The Cerise program logic, logical relation, and all the examples considered in the paper have been mechanized using the Iris program logic framework in the Coq proof assistant. The methodology we present underlies recent work of the authors on formal reasoning about capability machines [Georges et al. 2021; Skorstengaard et al. 2019a; Van Strydonck et al. 2022], but was left somewhat implicit in those publications. In this paper we present a pedagogical introduction to the methodology, in a simpler setting (no exotic capabilities), and starting from minimal examples. We work our way up to new results about a heap-based calling convention and implementations of sophisticated object-capability patterns of the kind previously studied for high-level languages with object-capabilities, demonstrating that the methodology scales to such reasoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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7. Developing and Harnessing Historical Sensibility to Overcome the Influence of Dominant Logics: A Pedagogical Model.
- Author
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Cavanagh, Andrew, Croy, Glen, Cox, Julie Wolfram, and de Jong, Abe
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INSTITUTIONAL logic ,HISTORICAL source material ,BUSINESS schools ,LOGIC ,SCHOOL dropout prevention ,REFLEXIVITY - Abstract
Business history provides multiple examples of similar managerial crises occurring over an extended period. Despite the growing need for improved management decision-making, managers continue to demonstrate a lack of reflexivity and revert to formulaic practices that have contributed to previous events. In response, we employ the institutional logics perspective to explain causes of managers' nonreflexive decision-making, and as a basis for a new historical focus within business schools. Specifically, we extend the model of collective memory-making to develop a pedagogical model that outlines how management educators can develop students' historical sensibility—that is, their sensitivity to and appreciation of possible pasts and the impact of managerial actions on history—to overcome the constraining influence of dominant logics on managers' decision-making. To this end, we advocate that management educators develop students' abilities to procure and evaluate historical documents with reference to context; critically analyze retrieved documents and synthesize narratives; and communicate those narratives. The harnessing of historical sensibility is assisted by articulation of specific action foci. By focusing on both the development and harnessing of historical sensibility, we go beyond the presumption that more history will (and should) ensure better management practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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8. Masterful operant resources, masterful marketing competences, and the masterful marketing academic.
- Author
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Hunt, Shelby D. and Madhavaram, Sreedhar
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LOGIC ,COLLEGE teachers - Abstract
This essay argues that the three concepts of (1) firms' operant resources, (2) firms' masterful operant resources, and (3) masterful marketing academic competences extend S-D logic to the marketing discipline, itself. Specifically, this essay argues that individual marketing academics can, like firms, exhibit a masterful ability for addressing the marketing discipline's important problems. We argue that this ability, this competence, can attain the status of 'masterful' in certain individuals and provide evidence that Professor Michael J. Baker did, indeed, have a masterful marketing competence. That is, he did indeed have a significant body of marketing knowledge, and he did indeed use this knowledge in a masterful manner to address important problems of the marketing discipline. Accordingly, he deserves the appellation 'masterful marketing academic.' [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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9. "Must" people reason logically with "permission" in daily situations? An explorative experimental investigation in human reasoning of normative concepts.
- Author
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Wong, Wai, Yang, Meimei, Schaeken, Walter, Demey, Lorenz, and Vennekens, Joost
- Subjects
Artificial Intelligence ,Linguistics ,Other ,Philosophy ,Psychology ,Language understanding ,Pragmatics ,Reasoning ,Knowledge representation ,Logic - Abstract
Philosophers have long been arguing the precise semantics of different deontic terms within normative statements. However, little research has been done on the human reasoning side of understanding such terms. In this paper, we propose a normative scheme with bitstring semantics that is expressive enough to cover the basic normative concepts in most mainstream schemes proposed in deontic logic research. Even though further confirmation is needed, our explorative experiments on human deontic reasoning have shown results that are consistent with our proposed scheme.
- Published
- 2024
10. Inconsistent Arguments are Perceived as Better Than Appeals to Authority: An Extension of the Everyday Belief Bias
- Author
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Deans-Browne, Calvin Christopher James Lee, Băitanu, Alexandra, Dubinska, Yuliya, and Singmann, Henrik
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Psychology ,Behavioral Science ,Reasoning ,Logic - Abstract
Social media is often used as a platform where individuals engage in debate regarding topics that are important to them. Not all arguments are equally convincing, and whilst a given argument may be persuasive to some people, it is often seen as inadequate by others. We are interested in both the individual and argument level differences that make ‘everyday' arguments such as those on social media persuasive. In a replication of our Everyday Belief Bias Task (Deans-Browne & Singmann, 2024), we investigate this question using a paradigm that consists of two parts. In the first part, we measure participant's individual beliefs about eight claims each referring to a political topic (e.g., Abortion should be legal). In the second part, participants rated an argument for each of these claims that was deemed as either good, inconsistent (containing internal inconsistencies), or authority-based (being centered around appeals to authority). We replicated the belief consistency effect – participants preferred arguments that were also in line with their beliefs. We also found that authority-based arguments were rated as worse than inconsistent arguments, and that both types of arguments were rated as worse than good arguments. The implications are first that people do not evaluate arguments independently of the background beliefs held about them. Secondly, people are willing to ignore inconsistencies in arguments more than they are willing to accept the endorsement of authority figures as adequate evidence for arguments.
- Published
- 2024
11. Towards a Computational Model of Abstraction in Design Reasoning
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Bruggeman, Ryan, Ciliotta Chehade, Estefania, Marion, Tucker J, and Ciuccarelli, Paolo
- Subjects
Problem Solving ,Reasoning ,Knowledge representation ,Logic ,Symbolic computational modeling - Abstract
This paper seeks to understand designers' abstraction in ill- structured problem-solving. We utilize a protocol study with expert designers to empirically analyze the abstraction process in the latent need problem setting. A logic-based abstraction schema is found to model the process the designers employed. The study reveals how designers utilize this schema, detailing, developing, and evaluating solutions for ill-structured problems. It highlights the recursive nature of abstraction and raises questions about the termination of the process in ill- structured domains. We conclude by proposing a computational model to further evaluate abstraction in complex problem-solving scenarios.
- Published
- 2024
12. Harmonizing Program Induction with Rate-Distortion Theory
- Author
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Zhou, Hanqi, Nagy, David G., and Wu, Charley M
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Artificial Intelligence ,Learning ,Memory ,Music ,Representation ,Semantic memory ,Skill acquisition and learning ,Bayesian modeling ,Logic ,Symbolic computational modeling - Abstract
Many aspects of human learning have been proposed as a process of constructing mental programs: from acquiring symbolic number representations to intuitive theories about the world. In parallel, there is a long-tradition of using information processing to model human cognition through Rate Distortion Theory (RDT). Yet, it is still poorly understood how to apply RDT when mental representations take the form of programs. In this work, we adapt RDT by proposing a three way trade-off among rate (description length), distortion (error), and computational costs (search budget). We use simulations on a melody task to study the implications of this trade-off, and show that constructing a shared program library across tasks provides global benefits. However, this comes at the cost of sensitivity to curricula, which is also characteristic of human learners. Finally, we use methods from partial information decomposition to generate training curricula that induce more effective libraries and better generalization.
- Published
- 2024
13. Breaking Focus: The impact of disruptive distractions on academic task performance
- Author
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Rettstatt, Jenny, Brand, Daniel, and Ragni, Marco
- Subjects
Education ,Psychology ,Instruction and teaching ,Learning ,Reasoning ,Logic - Abstract
Over time, there has been a change in how students acquire and exchange information, with laptops and smartphones becoming increasingly important. The use of technology has evolved from being restrained du to the classroom to being crucial due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As education shifts towards hybrid models, students are now expected to learn at home, which can be challenging as excessive technology usage and a lack of self-discipline can lead to more distractions. This paper examines the effects of the influence of these distractions with the help of two concepts similar to assignments in students' lives: text comprehension & memorization, as well as example-based learning, in which the function of an apparatus was to be tested and described. The results show that distraction does not affect text comprehension but decreases information retention. Additionally, participants required more trials and repetitions to understand schemes in example-based learning when distracted.
- Published
- 2024
14. The Wason selection task in the long-run: Evaluating the truthfulness of universal and probabilistic statements through evidence search
- Author
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Armaos, Konstantinos of and Hoffrage, Ulrich
- Subjects
Decision making ,Reasoning ,Bayesian modeling ,Computer-based experiment ,Logic - Abstract
To investigate, in an ecological way, how people evaluate the truthfulness of universal and probabilistic statements we introduce a modified version of the Wason Selection Task. Participants see four decks of cards (instead of four cards), and are asked to turn as many cards as they deem necessary to judge if a given statement is true or false, both for the observed sample (deductive task) and for an imaginary reference population (inductive task). Participants encounter universal (“All P are Q”) or probabilistic statements (“more/less than x% of P are Q”; between-subjects) with abstract, realistic neutral, and realistic polarizing statements (within-subjects). Half of the participants receive an endowment for each turn, correct (incorrect) deductive judgments are rewarded (penalized), and turning a card incurs a cost (other half: fixed participation fee). We report results from two online experiments, thereby also contrasting prescriptive models of evidence search with actual behaviors.
- Published
- 2024
15. Design and analyze output power of two bit magnitude comparator using NMOS logic compared with CMOS logic.
- Author
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Sajjad, S. Mohamed and Dass, P.
- Subjects
- *
STATISTICAL power analysis , *COMPARATOR circuits , *VERY large scale circuit integration , *TRANSISTORS , *LOGIC - Abstract
This research aims to evaluate CMOS and NMOS logic two-bit magnitude comparators with respect to their output power. The ISE build suite's VLSI for simulation and verification component was used to produce this comparator. To acquire the circuit power levels, all you had to do was change the values of the transistors' lengths. Twenty distinct values are examined in this study. The power consumption of group 2 CMOS logic and group 1 NMOS logic were compared using a comparator with an 80% g power. Twenty samples were taken from each group. While nMos logic produces an output of 2.1440 watts, CMOS typically produces an average of 2.3791 watts. There is no significant difference between the two forms of output power at the statistical level (CMOS 2.3791 vs. NMOS 2.1440; p=0.964). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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16. Singh fuzzy time series high order method analysis on forecasting the export value in DKI Jakarta Province.
- Author
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Ferdias, Pandri and Randri, Muhamad Deva
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LOGIC , *TIME series analysis , *FORECASTING , *SIMPLICITY , *PROVINCES - Abstract
S.R. Singh presented in 2009, a high-order fuzzy time series that served as the foundation for a computational forecasting approach. The new computational technique overcomes the drawbacks of previous high-order fuzzy time series models more effectively. Its simplicity is enhanced by the use of a w-step fuzzy predictor as the forecasting parameter, rather than costly computations of fuzzy logical relations and deviations in successive values of several orders. This approach is used to decide which order is preferable by evaluating the forecasting model using sMAPE on DKI Jakarta Province export value data from January 2017 to May 2022. When compared to the other orders, the seventh order has the lowest SMAPE of 2.626%. In this case, S.R. Singh Fuzzy Time Series order 7 delivers better and more accurate results than other orders. Furthermore, S.R. Singh Fuzzy Time Series may be used with data that has cyclical patterns as well as data that has monthly time intervals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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17. Logic mining model in 3-satisfiability reverse analysis into discrete hopfield neural network.
- Author
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Manoharam, Gaeithry, Romli, Nurul Atiqah, Abdeen, Suad, and Rusdi, Nur 'Afifah
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- *
HOPFIELD networks , *PROBLEM solving , *STATISTICAL correlation , *LOGIC , *ALGORITHMS - Abstract
Logic mining is a powerful tool for organizations seeking to derive insights from large datasets. By analyzing data and identifying trends, logic mining can help solve problems, prevent losses, and uncover opportunities. In this study, we introduce an innovative approach that uses 3-Satisfiability logical rules and integrates them into the Hopfield neural network to better understand specific datasets. Our primary objective is to develop a robust statistical method called log-linear analysis, which can extract the most relevant attributes and insights. To accomplish this, we employ the 3-Satisfiability Reverse Analysis Method to extract attributes as logical rules from carefully selected 15 datasets. This method serves as a standalone logic mining paradigm, which we seamlessly integrate with the 3-Satisfiability logic within the Hopfield Neural network. Our proposed method assesses and trains datasets generated by standard algorithms. We then compare the performance of the 3-Satisfiability Reverse Analysis results with existing logic mining models, and our proposed method achieves superior accuracy, sensitivity, and Matthews Correlation Coefficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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18. Weighted C-type random 2 satisfiability in discrete hopfield neural network.
- Author
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Chang, Yunjie
- Subjects
- *
HOPFIELD networks , *ARTIFICIAL intelligence , *LOGIC - Abstract
In order to better solve real-world optimization problems, Boolean Satisfiability logic rules combined with the Discrete Hopfield Neural Network offers effective methods in the area of Artificial Intelligence. This article proposes a flexible logical rule called Weighted C-Type Random 2 Satisfiability that is embedded into Discrete Hopfield Neural Network. In Weighted C-Type Random 2 Satisfiability, the initial ratio of negative literal is pre-determined, and the first-order clauses, the second-order clauses, or both are randomly generated. In order to assess the performance of proposed model, several experiments were conducted through simulation environment using various performance evaluation metrics, such as the average iteration time, the ratio of correct logical rules, mean absolute error and Similarity index. Experimental results showed that Weighted C-Type Random 2 Satisfiability has advantages in terms of learning property, convergence property and solution diversity property, and it can be applied in various real-life fields that require random dynamics analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Analyzing performance of activation functions in logic satisfiability hopfield neural network.
- Author
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Roslan, Nurshazneem and Sathasivam, Saratha
- Subjects
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HOPFIELD networks , *TANGENT function , *COMPUTER simulation , *C++ , *LOGIC - Abstract
This research presents a performances analysis between different activation functions in solving non-systematic logical rule, specifically Random 2 Satisfiability (RAN2SAT) in Discrete Hopfield Neural Network. In this study, a new activation function called the Smish activation function will be integrated into the Discrete Hopfield Neural Network. The activation function plays a vital role in transforming the local field of the network into its final neuron state. In addition, the effectiveness of logic satisfiability in obtaining final neuron state depends on the type of activation function. The proposed new activation function will be compared with the conventional activation function, which is Hyperbolic Tangent activation function (HTAF) through computer simulations. The simulation of the different activation functions in doing logic satisfiability Discrete Hopfield Neural Network is done by DEV C++ version 15. Hence, the evaluation based on the different activation functions were made according to the error analysis, energy analysis, global minimum solution and total neuron variation. The output from the computer simulation shows that the logical rule of RAN2SAT with Smish activation function can retrieve the optimal solution. The finding of this research can give a benchmark for future research on non-systematic logical rule in doing logic satisfiability Discrete Hopfield Neural Network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Exploring the efficacy of a supervised learning approach in 3 satisfiability reverse analysis method.
- Author
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Rusdi, Nur 'Afifah, Romli, Nurul Atiqah, Manoharam, Gaeithry, and Roslan, Nurshazneem
- Subjects
- *
HOPFIELD networks , *INFORMATION networks , *STATISTICAL correlation , *LOGIC , *PERMUTATIONS - Abstract
The conventional Discrete Hopfield Neural Network encounters a notable challenge in generating an output representation that is interpretable by the user. In response to this challenge, a symbolic rule has been introduced to govern the information embedded in the network. This approach has proven successful, leading us to develop a logic mining model that utilizes the logical rule of 3 Satisfiability in Discrete Hopfield Neural Network to represent attributes for repository datasets. Nevertheless, the existing 3 Satisfiability Reverse Analysis model faces two primary issues: random attribute selection and predetermined attribute arrangement. These issues can significantly impact the ability of the model to retrieve the optimal induced logic. In response, a solution that involves a supervised attribute selection benchmark using correlation analysis is proposed. Additionally, a permutation operator to allow for various attribute arrangements was implemented, thereby expanding the search space and increasing the likelihood of finding an optimal solution. Furthermore, a novel objective function for determining the best logic, which considers both true positives and true negatives is also introduced. This differs from the conventional 3 Satisfiability Reverse Analysis method, which relies solely on true positives. Three performance metrics, including accuracy, precision, and Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC), and tested on 13 real-life datasets to validate the efficiency of our proposed model. The results clearly demonstrated that our proposed model consistently outperforms the conventional 3 Satisfiability Reverse Analysis method, achieving the highest values for all performance metrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. The effects of logical permutation in the 3-satisfiability reverse analysis method.
- Author
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Malik, Amierah Abdul and Manoharam, Gaeithry
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HOPFIELD networks , *PERMUTATIONS , *LOGIC , *SCARCITY - Abstract
Logical permutation in 3-Satisfiability Reverse Analysis Method (P3-SATRA) is a modernized logic mining with a better logical rule arrangement. The primary purpose of logic mining is to identify beneficial insight from a set of data through a logical rule. A significant element in developing logic mining models would be the arrangement of variables within the logical rule. The fundamental problems with logic the conventional logic mining approaches, 3-Satisfiability Reverse Analysis Method incorporated (3-SATRA) with Hopfield Neural Network (HNN) are a shortage of dependability and inadequacies in the structure of 3-Satisfiability-based logic. This problem can be tackled by introducing a specific finite rearrangement 3-Satisfiability logical rule. Therefore, this work explores the effect of logical rearrangement known as permutation in logic mining by comparing it with the standard logic mining approach. Various types of multivariate datasets are employed to validate the implications of logical permutations. As compared to the 3-SATRA logic mining, the experimental observations convey an evolution in the newly proposed logical permutation logic mining technique regarding accuracy, precision, and sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Begin with Trust.
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FREI, FRANCES and MORRISS, ANNE
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TRUST ,LEADERS ,SELF-efficacy ,AUTHENTICITY (Philosophy) ,LOGIC ,EMPATHY ,LEADERSHIP - Abstract
Trust is the basis for almost everything we do. It’s the foundation on which our laws and contracts are built. It’s the reason we’re willing to exchange our hard-earned paychecks for goods and services, to pledge our lives to another person in marriage, and to cast a ballot for someone who will represent our interests. It’s also the input that makes it possible for leaders to create the conditions for employees to fully realize their own capacity and power. So how do you build up stores of this essential leadership capital? By focusing, the authors argue, on the three core drivers of trust: authenticity, logic, and empathy. People tend to trust you when they think they are interacting with the real you (authenticity), when they have faith in your judgment and competence (logic), and when they believe that you care about them (empathy). When trust is lost, it can almost always be traced back to a breakdown in one of these three drivers. This article explains how leaders can identify their weaknesses and strengths on these three dimensions and offers advice on how all three can be developed in the service of a truly empowering leadership style. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
23. A Consolidation of Competing Logics on Selecting for Fit.
- Author
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Billsberry, Jon and Vleugels, Wouter
- Subjects
EMPLOYEE selection ,EMPLOYEE benefits ,INDUSTRIAL relations ,PERSON-environment fit ,LOGIC ,EXPECTATION (Psychology) - Abstract
Fit plays a key role in organizational entry decisions. However, selecting staff based on their anticipated fit is vulnerable to bias, potentially leading to inequality, stratification, and polarization. First, we focus on person–organization fit and critically examine arguments for and against the hegemonic perspective that selecting for person–organization fit is an effective, responsible, and ethically appropriate approach. This is a controversial subject with bifurcated positions. On the one hand, there should be benefits for employers and employees, such as increased performance, productivity, motivation, and engagement. On the other hand, there are some potentially major downsides, such as subjective bias, reduced diversity, and fears that greater homogeneity will bring about organizational dysfunction. We reveal that two forms of fit, organizational fit and interpersonal fit, have been conflated, and recommend disaggregating them. Second, we critically examine person–job fit and demonstrate that it too has both positive and negative sides. We produce a consolidated version of these different elements of "selecting for fit" that integrates the various literatures and informs policy. We advance five practical recommendations to improve the use of fit in personnel selection that help to realize its inclusive promise and minimize its deleterious effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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24. DNA domino circuits based on a hairpin exonuclease assistance signal transmission architecture for temporal logic operations.
- Author
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Zhang, Xun, Yao, Yao, Liu, Xin, Zhang, Xiaokang, Cui, Shuang, Wang, Bin, and Zhang, Qiang
- Subjects
- *
HAIRPIN (Genetics) , *DNA , *LOGIC , *EXONUCLEASES - Abstract
DNA circuits are important fundamental tools for performing temporal logic operations with complex structures, but they lack sequence orthogonality. Here, we developed a simple and orthogonal hairpin exonuclease assistance signal (H-EAST) architecture to construct DNA domino circuits with time-delay characteristics and temporal logic operations, which has potential applications in biomolecular computing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. How Americans Judge: A Topology of Moral Communities.
- Author
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CHU, JAMES and SEUNGWON LEE
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JUDGMENT (Logic) ,DIFFERENCE (Philosophy) ,MORAL judgment ,PROSOCIAL behavior ,LOGIC ,PRAISE - Abstract
Despite research on differences in moral logics across demographic categories, the overall community structure in how Americans share standards of judgment, and hence a fundamental basis for categorical inequalities, remains unclear. To identify communities of shared moral logics, we inductively code judgments in interview transcripts from a probability sample of Americans. We then identify clusters in a network induced by similarities in how Americans judge. We find that competence and prosociality emerge as primary logics by which Americans judge others positively. Gender is the strongest predictor for which moral logics Americans deploy in daily life. Finally, different communities emerge in judgments of institutions, or in negative judgments, suggesting that Americans deploy various moral logics depending on context, which suggests possibilities for bridging categorical divides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Visual disability in spatio-temporal assemblages: conceptualizing reference points from a non-pointillist perspective.
- Author
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Porkertová, Hana and Doboš, Pavel
- Subjects
- *
PEOPLE with visual disabilities , *PEOPLE with disabilities , *NOUNS , *DISABILITIES , *LOGIC - Abstract
Reference points provide crucial spatial information for people with visual disabilities, and existing literature categorizes and describes their functions. However, these studies still adhere to a geographical pointillist logic that perceives points as fixed and stable entities and overlooks corporeal processes through which reference points are created. Utilizing concepts from Deleuze-Guattarian philosophy and drawing from sit-down and go-along interviews with visually disabled people, this article answers the question of how to conceptualize reference points from a non-pointillist perspective. By elucidating how reference points need to be actualized through affirmative bodily acts of complex spatio-temporal assemblages, it dismantles their seemingly disembodied and static nature. Consequently, the text explores reference points interwoven with diverse assemblages and examines scenarios in which suitable assemblages could not be assembled, nor could reference points, therefore, be actualized. Thus, the article departs from conceiving of points solely as nouns and presents them in verbal terms, effectively reconciling stability with dynamism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Low Power Multiplier Using Approximate Adder for Error Tolerant Applications.
- Author
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Hemanth, C., Sangeetha, R. G., Kademani, Sagar, and Shahbaz Ali, Meer
- Subjects
- *
DIGITAL signal processing , *VIDEO processing , *LOGIC - Abstract
In embedded applications and digital signal processing systems, multipliers are crucial components. In these applications, there is an increasing need for energy-efficient circuits. We use an approximate adder for error tolerance in the computational process to improve performance and reduce power consumption. Due to human perceptual constraints, computational errors do not significantly affect applications like image, audio, and video processing. Adiabatic logic (AL), which recycles energy, can also be used to build circuits that require less energy. In this work, we propose a carry save array multiplier employing an approximate adder based on CMOS logic and clocked CMOS adiabatic logic (CCAL) to conserve power. Additionally, using a precise full adder, multiplier parameters like average power and power delay product are calculated and compared with the multiplier. We performed simulations using 180 nm technology in Cadence Virtuoso. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. In Search of Systemic Impact: The Cooperative Assistance Fund and Program-Related Investments.
- Author
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Weber, Peter
- Subjects
- *
INSTITUTIONAL logic , *SCHOLARS , *LEADERSHIP , *FRAMES (Social sciences) , *LOGIC - Abstract
Scholars investigate philanthropy’s ability to effect change but pay less attention to strategies changing practices within the philanthropic sector. The Cooperative Assistance Fund (CAF) pioneered program-related investments (PRIs) as a philanthropic strategy that merged commercial and philanthropic logics, thus moving beyond traditional grantmaking practices. Adopting an institutional work perspective, the study describes the types of institutional work that promote a new philanthropic model. Historical evidence shows that CAF’s leadership reframed philanthropic approaches (framing work) and developed strategies influencing policy (political work), promoting PRIs (cultural work), and supporting interested foundations (technical work), but failed to develop a clear identity around these strategies (internal practice work). Taking advantage of historical methods, the study historically embeds the diverse types of institutional work that were employed, showing how these practices were often more reactive than proactive. The study contributes to our understanding of PRIs in linking their limited use to tensions between different institutional logics, while paradoxically contributing to the establishment of market-based approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. <italic>“</italic>The Smallest Act You Do in Their Lands is More Beloved to Us than the Biggest Act Done Here”: When Do an Armed Movement’s Transnational Supporters Turn to Terrorism at Home?
- Author
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Zammit, Andrew
- Subjects
- *
TRAVEL restrictions , *LAW enforcement , *SECURITY systems , *QUANTITATIVE research , *LOGIC - Abstract
AbstractWhat explains whether someone who supports an armed movement in a foreign war turns to plotting a terrorist attack at home? Using data on 129 Australian supporters of Islamic State, this paper examines the impact of contextual and dynamic factors relating to strategic logic, mobilising structures and security measures. It finds that the strategic priority Islamic State publicly placed on transnational terrorism at a given time was most important, followed by whether the supporter was subjected to travel restrictions and law enforcement interactions, only then followed by micro-level factors traditionally focused on in quantitative studies of individual involvement in terrorism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. The European Semester as a Policy Instrument in Education—The Cases of Spain and Sweden.
- Author
-
Rambla, Xavier and Alexiadou, Nafsika
- Subjects
- *
EDUCATION policy , *LABOR market , *ECONOMICS education , *DEFINITIONS , *LOGIC - Abstract
ABSTRACT In this article we examine the European Semester as an innovative form of policy coordination, with distinct effects on education and skills policies for Member States. We analyse the Semester's framing of education policy, and examine its manifestations in Spain and Sweden, two countries considered to be different in their approach to education. Drawing on a policy instrumentation approach and interviews with policy actors and documentary analysis, our research suggests that while the Semester has given education policy a significant place within the EU's governance, economic rationales for education are clearly dominant in the process. Still, we identify underpinning logics that strengthen the social and educational perspectives represented in the Semester, although these are still treated as productive forces for labour market integration. In addition, there is a strengthening of collaboration between the European Commission and Member States, but also tensions between different parts of the Commission over the definition and direction of education policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Efficient design and implementation of approximate FA, FS, and FA/S circuits for nanocomputing in QCA.
- Author
-
Seyedi, Saeid and Abdoli, Hatam
- Subjects
- *
CELLULAR automata , *COMPACT spaces (Topology) , *MULTIPLICATION , *LOGIC , *SPEED - Abstract
Recently, there has been a lot of research in Quantum Cellular Automata (QCA) technology because it promises low power consumption, low complexity, low latency, and compact space. Simultaneously, approximate arithmetic, a new paradigm in computing, streamlines the computational process and emerges as a low-power, high-performance design approach for arithmetic circuits. Furthermore, the XOR gate has been widely used in digital design and is a basic building block that can be used in many upcoming technologies. The full adder (FA) circuit is a key component of QCA technology and is utilized in arithmetic logic operations including subtraction, multiplication, and division. A great deal of research has been done on the design of approximate FA, full subtractor (FS), full adder/subtractor (FA/S), and 4-bit ripple carry adder (RCA) based on XOR logic, establishing them as essential components in the creation of QCA-based arithmetic circuits. This study presents three new and effective QCA-based circuits, based on XOR logic: an approximate FA, an approximate FS, an approximate FA/S, and an approximate 4-bit ripple carry adder (RCA). Interestingly, some designs have inputs on one side and outputs on the other, making it easier to reach the components without being encircled by other cells and leading to a more effective circuit design. In particular, a delay of 0.5 clock phases, an area of 0.01 μm2, and implementation utilizing just 11 cells was accomplished in the approximate FA and subtractor designs. In a similar vein, the estimated FA/S designs showed 0.5 clock phase delay, 0.01 μm2 area, and 12 cells used for implementation. An approximate 4-bit RCA is proposed using 64 QCA cells. The effectiveness of these designs is evaluated through functional verification with the QCADesigner program. According to simulation results, these proposed solutions not only function well but significantly outperform previous ideas in terms of speed and space. The proposed FA, FS, and RCA designs surpassed the previous best designs by 21%, 21%, and 43%, respectively, in terms of cell count. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. The Self-Image of Propaganda: Biopolitics of <italic>Yuqing</italic> Governance.
- Author
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Wang, Clyde Yicheng
- Subjects
- *
SELF-perception , *PROPAGANDA , *AUTHORITARIANISM , *LOGIC , *DISCOURSE , *PUBLIC opinion - Abstract
This article explores how China’s propaganda system operates as an aspect of governance, especially how propagandists understand the public opinion they seek to influence. Understanding the concept of
yuqing (public opinion conditions) is crucial for understanding propaganda in China.Yuqing is considered akin to the medical condition of public opinion (yulun ). Hence, propaganda is treatment that the state provides to an organic social body of public opinion, which is subject to constant monitoring and treatment. The party-state is keen on establishing standards and norms about what a healthy and clean society should be. Thus, this paper argues that the propaganda system does not contribute to responsive authoritarianism by collecting grassroots information, but instead prioritizes cleansing public discourse in accordance with party-state logic. Furthermore, contrary to the belief that authoritarian propaganda focuses on demobilizing collective resistance and forcing compliance, China’s propaganda system disciplines the public by actively constructing discursive norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Delimiting Resistance and Resisting the Border: The Case for Strategic Essentialism in Critical Border Studies.
- Author
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Price, Charlie W.
- Subjects
- *
ESSENTIALISM (Philosophy) , *SCHOLARS , *LOGIC - Abstract
There has been a plethora of insightful critical approaches to studying borders, but many still produce versions of borders that replicate essentialist readings of the border. In this paper, I draw out the tensions in critical accounts of bordering practices by demonstrating that borders are implicitly essentialised, and this has consequences for how they may be resisted. Critical approaches frequently conceive of borders as sites of power and resistance; I argue that these concepts have significant potential for political mobilisation, and that this should be capitalised upon. I make the case for using Spivak’s logic of ‘strategic essentialism’ when understanding borders, in order to foreground political resistance to bordering practices whilst allowing for a greater degree of conceptual clarity without the loss of criticality. Furthermore, rendering essentialisations as explicit rather than implicit serves to aid scholars themselves; this allows for reflexive acknowledgements of positionalities, reinforcing criticality in border studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Formal analysis of signal protocol based on logic of events theory.
- Author
-
Li, Zehuan, Xiao, Meihua, and Xu, Ruihan
- Subjects
- *
LOGIC , *RATCHETS - Abstract
The Signal is an end-to-end encrypted communication protocol composed of a double ratchet (DR) protocol and an extended triple Diffie-Hellman (X3DH) protocol. Its complex ratchet structure and the characteristics of protocol composition make it challenging to realize formal analysis. A formal analysis method based on logic of events theory (LoET) is proposed to conduct a security analysis of the Signal protocol. The method includes inference rules with key relation and key chain as the core to realize the formal analysis of ratchet structure, and the inference relation between sub-protocols is established by putting forward the composition theorem. The proposed method achieves a formal analysis of Signal, revealing that it does not satisfy a strong authentication property during the X3DH phase. The results show that the LoET-based method can be effectively applied in the formal analysis of Signal protocols, thus promoting the application and development of these protocols with ratchet structure and composition properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Artificial intelligence-assisted interventions for perioperative anesthetic management: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Author
-
Shimada, Kensuke, Inokuchi, Ryota, Ohigashi, Tomohiro, Iwagami, Masao, Tanaka, Makoto, Gosho, Masahiko, and Tamiya, Nanako
- Subjects
- *
MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems , *ARTIFICIAL intelligence , *META-analysis , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *TREATMENT effectiveness , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *MEDLINE , *MEDICAL research , *MEDICAL databases , *ANESTHETICS , *LOGIC , *ANESTHESIOLOGY , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *PERIOPERATIVE care , *HYPOTENSION , *DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Background: Integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into medical practice has increased recently. Numerous AI models have been developed in the field of anesthesiology; however, their use in clinical settings remains limited. This study aimed to identify the gap between AI research and its implementation in anesthesiology via a systematic review of randomized controlled trials with meta-analysis (CRD42022353727). Methods: We searched the databases of Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica Database (Embase), Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Xplore (IEEE), and Google Scholar and retrieved randomized controlled trials comparing conventional and AI-assisted anesthetic management published between the date of inception of the database and August 31, 2023. Results: Eight randomized controlled trials were included in this systematic review (n = 568 patients), including 286 and 282 patients who underwent anesthetic management with and without AI-assisted interventions, respectively. AI-assisted interventions used in the studies included fuzzy logic control for gas concentrations (one study) and the Hypotension Prediction Index (seven studies; adding only one indicator). Seven studies had small sample sizes (n = 30 to 68, except for the largest), and meta-analysis including the study with the largest sample size (n = 213) showed no difference in a hypotension-related outcome (mean difference of the time-weighted average of the area under the threshold 0.22, 95% confidence interval -0.03 to 0.48, P = 0.215, I2 93.8%). Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that randomized controlled trials on AI-assisted interventions in anesthesiology are in their infancy, and approaches that take into account complex clinical practice should be investigated in the future. Trial registration: This study was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022353727). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Collective procrastination and protest cycles.
- Author
-
Gieczewski, Germán and Kocak, Korhan
- Subjects
- *
CITIZENS , *COLLECTIVE action , *PROCRASTINATION , *LOGIC - Abstract
This paper studies a model of “pivotal protesting,” in which citizens act in order to change the outcome rather than to collect private benefits. We show that, when citizens face repeated opportunities to protest against a regime, pivotal protesting entails complex dynamic considerations: The continuation value of the status quo influences the citizens' willingness to protest today. Thus, a mere change in expectations about the future may trigger a revolt. The same logic often induces a pattern of protest cycles, driven by a novel source of inefficiency: An expectation that a protest will take place tomorrow can excessively sap incentives to coordinate on protesting today. Thus, potential protests crowd each other out. This can lead to a form of collective procrastination: Access to more opportunities to protest can lower the citizens' welfare, as collective action becomes inefficiently delayed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Instituting the global: The racial analytics of migration.
- Author
-
Reekum, Rogier van and Schinkel, Willem
- Subjects
- *
SOCIAL theory , *RACE , *DATA analytics , *GENEALOGY , *LOGIC - Abstract
In this article, we regard concepts of inclusion and exclusion as epistemological obstacles for a political (rather than a critical) analysis of migration. Working with the rich conceptual innovations and scientific and philosophical genealogies developed by Denise Ferreira Da Silva in Toward a Global Idea of Race , we seek to show how concepts of inclusion and exclusion, as well as equations between migration and mobility fortify what Da Silva has called 'globality' and 'raciality'. Either explicitly or implicitly according primacy to inclusion means that what Da Silva calls 'the logic of exclusion' ultimately folds into what she terms 'the logic of obliteration', which revolves around the necessary assimilation of the European other to the Euro-white subject. As we argue, today, the racial institution of the global operates to a large extent by way of the conceptual, classificatory and ocular practices that make up what is known as 'migration', which continues to be understood (falsely but constitutively) as cross-border mobility. We seek to show how 'migration', and its concomitant binary analytic of inclusion and exclusion, has become an apparatus separating what Da Silva calls the 'transcendental I', that is, the universal, self-determining, Euro-white subject, from those primarily characterized and known by what Da Silva calls 'affectability', that is, external determination. In the hierarchy of humans that ensues, migrants become recognizable as racially inferior, affectable not-quite-subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. On becoming the subject of health screening: a case study in 'Conditioned Freedom'.
- Author
-
Stronge, Paul
- Subjects
- *
MODERN society , *OTHER (Philosophy) , *LIBERTY , *SELF , *LOGIC - Abstract
The paper mobilises a personal experience of participation in a population-based health screen to explore wider aspects of subjectivity, choice and freedom. The screen is a familiar feature of contemporary society and represents a broader 'health imperative'. It intrinsically enforces a binary choice and thus, within its own remit, produces two reductive modes of being its subject characterised, respectively, by assent and refusal. Merleau-Ponty's account of a 'conditioned freedom' operating within a primordial, embodied subjectivity, however, allows a recuperation of aspects of my enactment of choice that tend otherwise to be eclipsed within the screen's binary logic. The thinking of two more recent writers deepens my understanding of how this freedom might play out within experience. David Abram helps me grasp the extent to which I encounter the screen as an ageing animal. Meanwhile a contrast with a very different historical and inter-cultural confrontation explored by Eduardo De Castro raises far-reaching questions around the bindingness of decision and the self/other relation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Printing Protocol: Physical ZKPs for Decomposition Puzzles.
- Author
-
Ruangwises, Suthee and Iwamoto, Mitsugu
- Subjects
- *
PUZZLES , *CRYPTOGRAPHY , *LOGIC - Abstract
Decomposition puzzles are pencil-and-paper logic puzzles that involve partitioning a rectangular grid into several regions to satisfy certain rules. In this paper, we construct a generic card-based protocol called printing protocol, which can be used to physically verify solutions of decompositon puzzles. We apply the printing protocol to develop card-based zero-knowledge proof protocols for two such puzzles: Five Cells and Meadows. These protocols allow a prover to physically show that he/she knows solutions of the puzzles without revealing them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Optimizing Portfolio in the Evolutional Portfolio Optimization System (EPOS) †.
- Author
-
Loukeris, Nikolaos, Boutalis, Yiannis, Eleftheriadis, Iordanis, and Gikas, Gregorios
- Abstract
A novel method of portfolio selection is provided with further higher moments, filtering with fundamentals in intelligent computing resources. The Evolutional Portfolio Optimization System (EPOS) evaluates unobtrusive relations from a vast amount of accounting and financial data, excluding hoax and noise, to select the optimal portfolio. The fundamental question of Free Will, limited in investment selection, is answered through a new philosophical approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Friendship and Its Logics in Amis and Amiloun.
- Author
-
Kendall, Elliot
- Subjects
- *
INCARNATION , *BROTHERLINESS , *CRITICISM , *LOYALTY , *LOGIC - Abstract
The poet of Amis and Amiloun took a well-known story of lasting friendship and inflected it as one about a naive sworn brotherhood which matures into a bond of reciprocated obligations. Against the grain of existing criticism, this article argues for a poem skeptical of the friendship's early incarnation and reformative in its handling of the pair's crisis and recovery. This puts Amis and Amiloun on a tangent in relation to analogues and other narratives of promises and loyalty but aligns the poem with mainstream political concerns about confederacy and interference with justice in late medieval England. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Escape the Math Room.
- Author
-
Berrizbeitia, A.
- Subjects
- *
ESCAPE rooms , *HIGH schools , *COMBINATORICS , *PUZZLES , *UNDERGRADUATES - Abstract
Escape the Math Room is a fun, interactive, sequence of puzzles designed to encourage mathematical collaboration, team work, and ingenuity. Using advanced mathematical topics in an accessible way, Escape the Math Room appropriately challenges students ranging from high school to advanced undergraduate. The activity can be adjusted by adding or removing hints and explanations to accommodate the audience. This activity can be used on its own for a mathematical event, in class on a "free day" or as a team building exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Introduction: difference-making and explanatory relevance.
- Author
-
Behrens, Singa, Krämer, Stephan, and Roski, Stefan
- Subjects
- *
RELEVANCE (Philosophy) , *METAPHYSICS , *EXPLANATION , *CAUSATION (Philosophy) , *LOGIC - Abstract
We introduce the overall topic of the S.I. Difference-Making and Explanatory Relevance and provide brief summaries of the twelve contributed articles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. 习近平文化思想的生成理路、理论体系与 辩证品质.
- Author
-
刘凤萍
- Subjects
- *
THEORY-practice relationship , *SOCIALISM , *ONTOLOGY , *DEDICATIONS , *LOGIC - Abstract
Xi Jinping Thought's on Culture is an important part of Xi Jinping's Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. This thought has an inherent generative logic, founded on the cultural thoughts of Marxist classic writers, inheriting the excellent traditional Chinese culture genes, rooted in the century-long history of the Party's leading culture construction, and derived from Xi Jinping's long-term dedication to cultural undertakings. Xi Jinping's Thought on Culture systematically answers a series of major theoretical and practical issues about the construction of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics from three dimensions: ontology, axiology and practical theory. It highlights the dialectical qualities of unifying inheritance and innovation, theory and practice, Party spirit and people's nature, criticalness and constructiveness, nationality and cosmopolitism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. 高校人才培养应对科教兴国战略的 内在逻辑及推进理路.
- Author
-
谢家建 and 王卉蕊
- Subjects
- *
SCIENCE education , *SCHOOL environment , *HIGHER education , *EDUCATORS , *LOGIC - Abstract
The strategy of revitalizing China through science and education, as a powerful measure to strengthen talent support for modernization in the new era, has put forward novel and higher requirements for higher education. For universities, to comply with this strategy with active actions possesses its deep theoretical logic, time value, practical significance, and strategic implications. An in-depth analysis from the logical starting point, logical core, logical intermediary and logical destination of the strategy, reveals the inherent necessity for universities to implement the task of talent cultivation and enhance the quality of talent cultivation. Focusing on the overall improvement of the quality of talent cultivation in universities and considering the two dimensions of learners and educators, continuous efforts should be made in four areas: following the laws of talent growth, optimizing the dilemma of talent evaluation mechanism, creating a harmonious educational environment, and strengthening international exchanges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Logic will get you from A to B, imagination will take you anywhere.
- Author
-
Berto, Francesco
- Subjects
- *
COUNTERFACTUALS (Logic) , *HYPOTHESIS , *LOGIC , *IMAGINATION - Abstract
There is some consensus on the claim that imagination as suppositional thinking can have epistemic value insofar as it's constrained by a principle of minimal alteration of how we know or believe reality to be – compatibly with the need to accommodate the supposition initiating the imaginative exercise. But in the philosophy of imagination there is no formally precise account of how exactly such minimal alteration is to work. I propose one. I focus on counterfactual imagination, arguing that this can be modeled as simulated belief revision governed by Laplacian imaging. So understood, it can be rationally justified by accuracy considerations: it minimizes expected belief inaccuracy, as measured by the Brier score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Cross‐temporal grounding.
- Author
-
Correia, Fabrice and Merlo, Giovanni
- Subjects
- *
ARGUMENT , *INTIMACY (Psychology) , *LOGIC , *EXPLANATION - Abstract
Cross‐temporal grounding is a type of grounding whereby present facts about the past (for example that Caesar was alive) are explained in terms of past facts (for example that Caesar is alive) rather than in terms of other present facts. This paper lays the foundations for a theory of cross‐temporal grounding. After introducing the general idea of a type of grounding connecting facts to past facts, we offer two arguments that past‐directed facts require cross‐temporal grounds—the 'argument from intimacy' and the 'argument from past explanation'. We then go on to show that cross‐temporal grounding statements can be understood as instances of a type of explanation which is perfectly legitimate and intelligible, even if somewhat unusual. Finally, we explain how the logic of grounding can be extended to accommodate cross‐temporal grounding statements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Models of Possibilities Instead of Logic as the Basis of Human Reasoning.
- Author
-
Johnson-Laird, P. N., Byrne, Ruth M. J., and Khemlani, Sangeet S.
- Abstract
The theory of mental models and its computer implementations have led to crucial experiments showing that no standard logic—the sentential calculus and all logics that include it—can underlie human reasoning. The theory replaces the logical concept of validity (the conclusion is true in all cases in which the premises are true) with necessity (conclusions describe no more than possibilities to which the premises refer). Many inferences are both necessary and valid. But experiments show that individuals make necessary inferences that are invalid, e.g., Few people ate steak or sole; therefore, few people ate steak. Other crucial experiments show that individuals reject inferences that are not necessary but valid, e.g., He had the anesthetic or felt pain, but not both; therefore, he had the anesthetic or felt pain, or both. Nothing in logic can justify the rejection of a valid inference: a denial of its conclusion is inconsistent with its premises, and inconsistencies yield valid inferences of any conclusions whatsoever including the one denied. So inconsistencies are catastrophic in logic. In contrast, the model theory treats all inferences as defeasible (nonmonotonic), and inconsistencies have the null model, which yields only the null model in conjunction with any other premises. So inconsistences are local. Which allows truth values in natural languages to be much richer than those that occur in the semantics of standard logics; and individuals verify assertions on the basis of both facts and possibilities that did not occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Harriet Martineau's Realized Abstractions.
- Author
-
Henderson, Andrea Kelly
- Subjects
- *
PAPER money , *VALUE (Economics) , *MARRIAGE , *PHILOSOPHERS , *LOGIC - Abstract
Andrea Kelly Henderson, "Harriet Martineau's Realized Abstractions" (pp. 81–105) Critics have long noted—and often lamented—the formal incoherence of Harriet Martineau's Illustrations of Political Economy (1832–34). This essay argues that the tales' formal bifurcations can be understood not as a failing but as a conscious response to the absence of a contemporary consensus regarding the groundedness of economic abstractions. Martineau's aesthetic of what I call "realized abstraction" offers a solution of sorts to this epistemological problem: unable to mediate between abstractions and particulars, she simply insists on the importance of both. Berkeley the Banker, her tale devoted to banking and currency, vividly dramatizes this dichotomizing logic. In this work, the relationship of concrete value to its abstract representation in paper money is analogized to a troubled marriage, one in which the husband forces his virtuous wife to subscribe to his false representations. Martineau's story will explicitly argue for the usefulness of economic theory and paper money, but she resists the tendency of abstractions to render the concrete invisible in an act of metaphoric coverture; instead, she presents the abstract and the particular as autonomous realms. Martineau's aesthetic of juxtaposition thus aspires to virtues quite different from those of Romantic organic wholeness or realist transparency: her tales aim not only to educate readers in abstract principles and historical particulars but also to train them to discriminate between the two. In subsequent decades, philosophers of science would formulate compelling new ways to bind abstractions to particulars, and the success of that project would mean that despite the Illustrations's enormous popularity during the 1830s, they would seem to later generations to be marred by formal fragmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Kripke-Joyal forcing for type theory and uniform fibrations.
- Author
-
Awodey, Steve, Gambino, Nicola, and Hazratpour, Sina
- Subjects
- *
HOMOTOPY theory , *FACTORIZATION , *LOGIC - Abstract
We introduce a new method for precisely relating algebraic structures in a presheaf category and judgements of its internal type theory. The method provides a systematic way to organise complex diagrammatic reasoning and generalises the well-known Kripke-Joyal forcing for logic. As an application, we prove several properties of algebraic weak factorisation systems considered in Homotopy Type Theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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