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Solar energy is a cost-effective replacement for traditional fossil fuels since it is a green, renewable energy source. Direct solar energy conversion and storage using electrochemistry have been proposed. In this context, the need to create high-performance integrated devices based on solar energy conversion components such as solar cells, photoelectrodes, and electrochemical energy storage components has increased. Carbon and functional materials based on carbon play a major role in the performance of energy conversion/storage components. The techno-economic performance of two alternative hybrid energy storage system designs of the supercapacitor and photo rechargeable battery systems are compared in this review paper. The importance and impact of photoactive nanomaterials acting as photoelectrodes in embedded photo batteries result from their structure, topology, and pertinent for photo charging and Li-ion storage; this photo battery uses highly photosensitive two-dimensional lead halide perovskites. Integrating lithium-ion batteries (LIB) with fast-charging supercapacitors (SCs) decreases the time storage technologies take compared to conventional systems. The important role of carbon‐based materials in integrated devices has been highlighted. The optimized electric renewable model was used to analyze the techno-economic analysis of the fast-charging lithium-ion battery (FCLIB) proposal. The fundamentals of integrated devices are presented, emphasizing the functions performed by carbon-based materials in these hybrid energy devices. This review also highlights the importance of integrated devices, photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical rechargeable batteries, and supercapacitors and their techno-economic viability, challenges, and future development.

Summary: Background: Remission of early type 2 diabetes (T2D) is possible; however, diet programmes proven effective are unaffordable in many southeast Asian populations where T2D is more frequent and more aggressive at lower body weight and younger age. We evaluate an entirely food-based service. Methods: This study employed a single-arm intervention and follow-up design for intervention evaluation in existing hospital people with T2D of under 5 years known duration. Individuals attending a diabetes clinic in Kathmandu with early T2D (3 months) in 43%, 39% and 29%. The main reported adherence barriers were fears of weakness, hunger, and inconvenience during travel. Incentives were ease of the diet, reduced doses and costs of medications, and improved appearance. Interpretation: Traditional food-based weight management can valuably improve control, reduce medication needs, and generate remissions of established T2D, but adherence barriers must be overcome to optimise outcomes. Funding: All Saints Educational Trust, England.

Molybdenum oxide, belonging to the transition metal group, has garnered significant attention due to its diverse chemical properties, leading to extensive research in various fields. It manifests in multiple forms, including molybdenum oxides (MoO2 and MoO3), each showcasing distinct features. Their remarkable adaptability finds applications across different disciplines. This comprehensive review delves into the various oxidation states of molybdenum oxide, elucidating their unique features and applications across sectors such as solar cells, catalysts, gas sensors, electrochromic devices, batteries, and more. Additionally, the paper explores the utilization of molybdenum oxide in the petroleum and chemical industries, highlighting its multifaceted applications. This review examines its distinct features and underscores its potential as a material with significant promise for advancing technological innovation.

Control of redox processes at the molecular level is central to molecular synthesis, and electrochemistry provides a unique means of directing electron flow for chemical transformations. Although the chemistry community has long recognized its power, the potential of electrochemical methods in organic synthesis has not been nearly as exploited academically or industrially. In this respect, a review related to applying nano-photocatalysts in fine chemical synthesis for producing organic compounds has been presented. The existing laboratory and industrial methods of organic synthesis are too resource-intensive, mostly based on non-renewable energy sources, and often require extreme conditions regarding temperature and pressure. In the review, we emphasize the forward organic transformations realizable with the help of such nanomaterials under UV/visible light exposure. Nanophotocatalysts thus offer huge potential for green synthesis of high-value-added organics. This review outlines a huge potential for green synthesis of high-value-added organics in nanophotocatalysts, such as graphene semiconductors, titanium oxide, quantum dots, and carbon-based catalysts. This review aims to present current research in this field and provide an impetus for helpers to further build on this area of social impact. For the first time, this all-inclusive approach helps bridge gaps between these different areas and provides a view of the potential and challenges of electro-organic photocatalysis.

Introduction: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is a chronic autoimmune lymphocytic thyroiditis characterised by thyroid autoantibodies. Early detection and treatment of this condition help in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with it. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis among patients with thyroid disorders visiting a tertiary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients visiting the outpatient department of a tertiary care centre. Data from 14 April 2017 to 13 April 2019 was collected between 30 June 2022 to 15 September 2022 from medical records. Ethical approval was obtained from the Nepal Health Research Council. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis was diagnosed based on clinical presentation and positive antibodies to thyroid antigens. Convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval. Results: Among 813 patients with thyroid disorders, 393 (48.33%) (44.89-51.77, 95% Confidence Interval) had Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. The manifestation of the spectrum of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis were euthyroid in 215 (54.70%), subclinical hypothyroidism in 102 (25.95%), subclinical hyperthyroidism in 23 (5.85%), overt hyperthyroidism in 9 (2.30%) and overt hypothyroidism in 4 (1.02%). Conclusions: The prevalence of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis among patients with thyroid disorders was higher than in other studies done in similar settings.