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Phytochemical investigation of the stem bark of Stereospermum acuminatissimum resulted in the isolation of seventeen compounds, including four tirucallanes (1 – 4), three hopanes (5 – 7), one oleanane (8), three sterols (9 – 11), three saponins (12 – 14), two cinnamic acids (15 – 16), and one iridoid (17). The dehydration of compound 5 led to compound 5a. The structures of all compounds were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data. Compounds 1 , 6 and 7 are reported from the Bignoniaceae family for the first time, while compounds 11 – 14 and 16 are reported from S. acuminatissimum for the first time. The in vitro antibacterial activities of some compounds (1 – 5 , 8 , 5a), the crude extract and the ethyl acetate fraction were assessed. The crude extract showed significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus , Salmonea pneumonia and Klebsiella pneumoniae with MIC values of 62 μg/mL. Compound 1 revealed moderate antibacterial activities against K. pneumoniae , Shigella flexneri and Methycillin resistant S. aureus with MIC values of 62, 62 and 31 μg/mL respectively. [Display omitted] • Phytochemical investigation of Stereospermum acuminatissimum K. Schum. • Dehydration of one of the isolated compound. • Chemophenetic significance of the isolated compounds. • Antibacterial activities of crude extract, fractions and compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phytochemical study was done on the leaves of Gambeya lacourtiana. This plant has been used in traditional medicine to treat of different ailments such as uterine heamorrhage, metritis and other vaginal infections. Chromatographic fractionation and purification on the leaves crude extract afforded lupeol acetate (1), lupenone (2), lupeol (3), taraxerol (4) stigmasterol (5), erythrodiol (6), chamaedrydiol (7), methyl pheophorbide-a (8), corosolic acid (9), tormentic acid (10), epicatechin (11) and 22-dihydrospinasterol 3- O - β - D -glucopyranoside (12). The structures of compounds 1 – 12 were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR, mass spectrometric and the spectroscopic data as well as comparison with the literature. Compounds 4 , 7 – 10 and 12 were isolated for the first time from Gambeya genus. Crude extract, fractions and compounds 6–12 were evaluated for their antibacterial activity. Methyl pheophorbide-a (8) demonstrated moderate activity against Salmonella typhi CPC with MIC values of 62.5 μg/mL. The chemophenetic significance of these compounds is also discussed. [Display omitted] • Isolation of 12 compounds from the leaves of Gambeya lacourtiana (Sapotaceae). • First report of a chlorophyll type skeleton in the genus Gambeya. • First antibacterial report of the leaves of Gambeya lacourtiana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twenty-two compounds were isolated from the fruit of Albizia lebbeck including one unprecedented, rare amino acid-derived zwitterionic and one new flavone derivative. The isolation was performed on repeated column chromatography over silica gel and their structures were determined by 1D-, 2D-NMR and HR-ESI-MS spectra together with reported data in the literature. The chemophenetic significance is also discussed. Some isolated compounds were reported for the first time to be found in the species. Additionally, compound 2 showed antibacterial activity and compounds 1 and 2 revealed moderate cytotoxic activity against the Raw 264.7 cancer cell line with IC50 values of 37.19 µM and 29.36 µM, respectively. Furthermore, a proposed biosynthetic pathway of compound 1 is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phytochemical investigation of the CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH (1:1) crude extract from the stems of Angylocalyx oligophyllus (Baker) led to the isolation and characterization of 2 α ,3 α ,24-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oïc acid (1), 2 α ,3 α ,24-trihydroxyolean-11,13(18)-dien-28-oic acid (2) betulinic acid (3), ursolic acid (4), lupeol (5), lupenone (6), 8- O -methylretusin (7), 3-methoxydainzein (8), afromosin (9), β -sitosterol (10), β -sitosterol 3- O - β - D -glucopyranoside (11), and α - D -glucopyranosyl- O -(1 → 2)- β - D -fructofuranoside (12). The structures of compounds 1 – 12 were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR, mass spectrometry and the spectroscopic data as well as comparison with the literature. All the isolated compounds (1 – 12) were reported for the first time from the genus Angylocalyx. Compounds 1 and 2 are reported from the Fabaceae family for the first time. The chemophenetic significance of these compounds is also discussed. The stems of Angylocalyx oligophyllus (Baker) Baker f. and isolated compounds. [Display omitted] • Isolation of twelve compounds from the stem of Angylocalyx oligophyllus Baker. (Fabaceae). • First report in these compounds from the genus Angylocalyx. • First report of two compounds from the Fabaceae family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. The present study investigated the effect of the leaves extracts and fractions of Plectranthus glandulosus on the inhibition of pancreatic lipase, cholesterol esterase, adipocytes lipid uptake, and antithrombotic activity which may be important in atherosclerosis development. Methods. Aqueous, ethanolic, and hydroethanolic extracts of Plactranthus glandulosus were prepared by maceration. The hydroethanolic extract was fractionated into n-hexane, ethylacetate, and n-butanol fractions and their inhibition of pancreatic lipase, cholesterol esterase, adipocytes lipid uptake, and antithrombotic activities measured. Liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis was carried out to determine phytochemical constituents present in the extracts. Results. The standard orlistat exhibited a higher inhibitory activity on pancreatic lipase and cholesterol esterase (16.31 μg/mL and 15.75 μg/mL, respectively) compared to ethyl acetate fraction (IC50, 17.70 μg/mL and IC50, 24.8 μg/mL, respectively). Among crude extract, hydroethanolic extract showed a better inhibition against pancreatic lipase (IC50, 21.06 μg/mL) and cholesterol esterase (IC50, 25.14 μg/mL) though not comparable to the effect of orlistat. The best lipid uptake inhibition was observed in the hydroethanolic extract (IC50, 45.42 μg/mL) followed by the ethyl acetate fraction (IC50, 47.77 μg/mL). A better antithrombolytic activity was exhibited by the ethyl acetate fraction at all concentrations (50-800 μ/mL), while hydroethanolic extract exhibited the best activity among crude extract. However, these were not comparable to the standard aspirin. The LC-HRMS analysis revealed the presence of 7-O-methyl luteolin 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, chrysoeriol 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, 5,7-dihydroxy-3,2 ′ ,4 ′ -trimethoxyflavone, and plectranmicin as major compounds in both hydroethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction. Conclusion. Thus, our finding supports the traditional use of this plant, which might provide a potential source for future antiatherosclerotic drug discovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical investigation of the CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH (1:1) extract from the aerial part of Mussaenda erythrophylla Schumach. & Thonn. (Rubiaceae) resulted in the isolation of sixteen known compounds (1 – 16) distributed in coumarins, flavonoid glucosides, quinic acid derivatives, triterpenoids, monoglycerid, steroids, tetraterpenoid and polyol. The structures of the compounds were determined by spectrometric and spectroscopic analysis including MS and NMR data followed by their comparison with reported ones in the literature. The chemophenetic significance of the isolated compounds was discussed. The crude extract and some of the isolated compounds were assessed in vitro for their antileishmanial, cytotoxic and antiplasmodial activities. The crude extract of M. erythrophylla showed moderate antileishmanial activity (IC 50 = 61.6 μg/mL) while the hexane soluble fraction showed good antileishmanial activity (IC 50 = 31.06 μg/mL) compared to the reference drug amphotericin B (IC 50 = 0.11 μM). Compounds 11 and 9 also exhibited potent antileishmanial activity (IC 50 = 53.7–52.0 μM). The crude extract as well as the ethyl acetate soluble fraction also exhibited good antiplasmodial activity (IC 50 = 7.43 ± 0.00 μg/mL and 14.49 ± 2.96 μg/mL respectively), while compounds 11 , 15 and 16 showed weak activity with IC 50 > 20 μM compared to the reference drug artemisinin (IC 50 = 0.014 ± 0.001 μM). [Display omitted] • Sixteen compounds isolated from aerial of Mussaenda erythrophylla. • The chemophenetic significance of isolates were studied. • Structures were cleared by extensive NMR and MS techniques. • Isolates showed moderate to significant cytotoxicity towards the parasites. • Compounds were low to moderate active against the parasites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]