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Vestibular compensation is the natural process of recovery that occurs with acute peripheral vestibular lesion. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying vestibular compensation, focusing on the role of the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN), the central hub of the vestibular system, and its associated neural networks. The disruption of neural activity balance between the bilateral MVNs underlies the vestibular symptoms after unilateral vestibular damage, and this balance disruption can be partially reversed by the mutual inhibitory projections between the bilateral MVNs, and their top‐down regulation by other brain regions via different neurotransmitters. However, the detailed mechanism of how MVN is involved in vestibular compensation and regulated remains largely unknown. A deeper understanding of the vestibular neural network and the neurotransmitter systems involved in vestibular compensation holds promise for improving treatment outcomes and developing more effective interventions for vestibular disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study is aim to explore the causal relationship between anxiety, depression, neuroticism, and Meniere's disease (MD). Study Design: Two‐sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Setting: IEU, FinnGen, CTG, and UKB databases. Methods: The genome‐wide association studies data for anxiety, depression, neuroticism, and MD involved over 357,957 participants. MR was performed to explore relationships between anxiety, depression, neuroticism, and MD. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the MR results. Reverse MR was used to exclude the possibility of reverse causality. Finally, multivariate MR was performed to explore the collinear relationships between neuroticism subclusters. Results: MR results showed that anxiety and depression are not causes of MD, nor does MD cause anxiety and depression. Elevated neuroticism sum score is a cause of anxiety, depression, and MD, but MD does not lead to an increase in the level of neuroticism sum score. Further analysis showed that the 5 subclusters of neuroticism often feel lonely, mood often goes up and down, often feel fed‐up, feelings easily hurt, and sensitivity to environmental stress and adversity are causes of MD. Multivariate MR analysis results suggested that the 5 neuroticism subclusters have a collinear relationship. Conclusion: Anxiety and depression are not causative factors of MD, and vice versa. Elevated neuroticism levels serve as a shared causative factor for anxiety, depression, and MD. Identification and effective management of neuroticism is a potential target for preventing and treating MD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study is to create a nomogram for accurately predicting the prognosis of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) and provide a reference for clinical treatment. Methods: Three hundred and twenty-three patients with ISSNHL were admitted from September 2014 to November 2020. The clinical data were retrospectively reviewed. Prognostic factors for ISSNHL were assessed based on univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis and used to create a nomogram. Nomogram performance in terms of predictive and discriminatory ability was evaluated by calculating the concordance index (C-index) and generating calibration plots. Results: The overall hearing improvement rate was 41.4%, comprising complete recovery (13.3%), marked recovery (17.0%), and slight recovery (11.1%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, symptoms of vertigo, interval between onset and treatment, low-density lipoprotein, and type of hearing loss were independent predictors of ISSNHL. A nomogram based on these 5 factors had a C index of 0.798 (95% confidence interval 0.750-0.845). Conclusions: Age, vertigo, interval between onset and treatment, low-density lipoprotein level, and type of hearing loss are closely associated with hearing recovery. The nomogram may enable prediction of the prognosis of ISSNHL and facilitate clinical decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of cochlear implants in deaf patients with TMPRSS3 gene pathogenic variations., Methods: Variations of deafness genes were detected in 2 patients with profound hearing loss. Both received unilateral cochlear implantation. Hearing and speech abilities were evaluated and analyzed before and 3 and 6 months after surgery. The analysis included post-surgery evaluation of auditory behavior (Categories of Performance [CAP]) and Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR)., Results: In the 2 patients, 3 pathogenic single nucleotide variations (SNVs) of TMPRSS3 gene and a large deletion in 21q22.3 were detected. The CAP and SIR grades increased with the recovery time., Conclusion: Cochlear implants have a good effect in patients with TMPRSS3 gene mutation deafness. Preoperative gene testing has a certain reference significance for the prognosis in patients with the deafness gene mutation.

Temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma, which is rare in the clinical setting, is the most common type of temporal bone malignancy. Its rarity makes the staging, the way of temporal bone resection, the management of parotid gland and cervical lymph node, and the application of radiotherapy and chemotherapy still controversial.There is no unanimous consensus and guideline about it to date at home and abroad.This paper reviewed the recent advance in the diagnosis and treatment of temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma in the hope of providing some help and reference for the management of the disease., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)