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Elemental iron powders are used as food fortificants to reduce the incidence of iron deficiency anemia. However, many commercially available iron powders are relatively untested in vivo. The purpose of this study was to determine the hemoglobin regeneration efficiency (HRE) and relative iron bioavailability (RBV) of an electrolytic elemental iron powder (EIP), by treating anemic rats with 14 d iron repletion diets fortified with four different concentrations (12, 24, 36, or 48 mg iron/kg diet) of EIP and bakery-grade ferrous sulfate monohydrate (FS; FeSO4•H2O), or no added iron (control); n = 9–12/group. The HRE of FS was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) than EIP at each concentration of dietary iron tested. For EIP, the HREs (ratios) of diets containing 12, 24, 36, and 48 mg iron/kg were 0.356, 0.205, 0.197, and 0.163, respectively. For both EIP and FS, HRE was inversely associated with increasing dietary iron. The RBVs (%) of iron from EIP in diets at 12, 24, 36, and 48 mg iron/kg as compared to FS were 64.5, 59.1, 50.6, and 54.3%, respectively. Overall, findings show that at the concentrations of iron tested, EIP has RBVs greater than 50% and is an effective fortification agent to replenish hemoglobin and correct iron deficiency anemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A subset S of an integral domain is called a semidomain if the pairs (S, +) and (S∖{0},⋅) are commutative and cancellative semigroups with identities. The multiplication of S extends to the group of differences 풢(S), turning 풢(S) into an integral domain. In this paper, we study the arithmetic of semisubtractive semidomains (i.e. semidomains S for which either s ∈ S or − s ∈ S for every s ∈풢(S)). Specifically, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for a semisubtractive semidomain to be atomic, to satisfy the ascending chain condition on principals ideals, to be a bounded factorization semidomain, and to be a finite factorization semidomain, which are subsequent relaxations of the property of having unique factorizations. In addition, we present a characterization of factorial and half-factorial semisubtractive semidomains. Throughout the paper, we present examples to provide insight into the arithmetic aspects of semisubtractive semidomains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This correction notice updates the list of authors for an article in Nature Communications about brain injury in COVID-19 patients. The article discusses how brain injury can persist in these patients despite reduced immune responses. The document is a list of authors who have contributed to a report on the neurological and neuropsychiatric complications of COVID-19. The report covers a wide range of topics and includes diverse perspectives to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the effects of the virus on the nervous system. [Extracted from the article]

The purpose of this observational study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 on the presentation, stage and management pattern on newly presented HNC patients during the pandemic era. The data on all newly diagnosed HNC patients at our centre during April-December 2020 (COVID-19 cohort) were collected, and it was compared against the baseline pre-COVID-19 cohort (all new HNC patients diagnosed between April and December 2019). During the COVID-19 pandemic, it was postulated that there might be a delay in cancer patients' presentation, stage migration and changes in management leading to excess cancer mortality.1 However, there is a paucity of real-time objective data to support this, particularly in HNC. [Extracted from the article]

An adaptive immune response in less than 1% of people who develop cancer produces antibodies against neuronal proteins. These antibodies can be associated with paraneoplastic syndromes, and their accurate detection should instigate a search for a specific cancer. Over the years, multiple systems, from indirect immunofluorescence to live cell-based assays, have been developed to identify these antibodies. As the specific antigens were identified, high throughput, multi-antigen substrates such as line blots and ELISAs were developed for clinical laboratories. However, the evolution of assays required to identify antibodies to membrane targets has shone a light on the importance of antigen conformation for antibody detection. This chapter discusses the early antibody assays used to detect antibodies to nuclear and cytosolic targets and how new approaches are required to detect antibodies to membrane targets. The chapter presents recent data that support international recommendations against the sole use of line blots for antibody detection and highlights a new antigen-specific approach that appears promising for the detection of submembrane targets., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.)