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45 results on '"Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS"'

1. Portable System for Non-intrusive Monitoring of Sleep

Author: Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (fnrs) and Philippe Van de Borne, Professor
Published: 2023

2. The European Union as an Actor Navigating International Regime Complexes

Author: Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS), Delreux, Tom, Earsom, Joseph, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS), Delreux, Tom, and Earsom, Joseph
Abstract: Global governance in many domains is increasingly characterised by the existence of international regime complexes—i.e., sets of overlapping institutional fora taking up different aspects of a broader issue area. As an international actor, the EU faces a context of such international regime complexity. Yet, little is known about how the EU navigates international regime complexes and how regime complexes impact the EU’s behaviour in individual fora. This thematic issue, therefore, seeks to improve our understanding of how different manifestations of international regime complexes affect the EU as an international actor and to provide empirical insight into the ways actors like the EU navigate international regime complexes. In this editorial, we situate the thematic issue within the broader academic debates on the EU’s role in international regime complexity, argue for the need to study the EU as an actor therein, and provide an overview of the thematic issue’s objectives and the nine articles that comprise it.
Published: 2023

3. Inhibiting the inflammasome with MCC950 counteracts muscle pyroptosis and improves Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Author: Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS). Bélgica, Dubuisson, Nicolas, Davis López de Carrizosa, María América, Versele, Romain, Selvais, Camille M., Noel, Laurence, Van den Bergh, P. Y. D., Brichard, Sonia M., Abou-Samra, Michel, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS). Bélgica, Dubuisson, Nicolas, Davis López de Carrizosa, María América, Versele, Romain, Selvais, Camille M., Noel, Laurence, Van den Bergh, P. Y. D., Brichard, Sonia M., and Abou-Samra, Michel
Abstract: Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common inherited human myopathy. Typically, the secondary process involving severe inflammation and necrosis exacerbate disease progression. Previously, we reported that the NLRP3 inflammasome complex plays a crucial role in this disorder. Moreover, pyroptosis, a form of programmed necrotic cell death, is triggered by NLRP3 via gasdermin D (GSDMD). So far, pyroptosis has never been described either in healthy muscle or in dystrophic muscle. The aim of this study was to unravel the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in DMD and explore a potentially promising treatment with MCC950 that selectively inhibits NLRP3. Methods: Four‐week‐old mdx mice (n=6 per group) were orally treated for 2 months with MCC950 (mdx‐T), a highly potent, specific, small-molecule inhibitor of NLRP3, and compared with untreated (mdx) and wild-type (WT) mice. In vivo functional tests were carried out to measure the global force and endurance of mice. Ex vivo biochemical and molecular analyses were performed to evaluate the pathophysiology of the skeletal muscle. Finally, in vitro tests were conducted on primary cultures of DMD human myotubes. Results: After MCC950 treatment, mdx mice exhibited a significant reduction of inflammation, macrophage infiltration and oxidative stress (-20 to -65%, P<0.05 vs untreated mdx). Mdx‐T mice displayed considerably less myonecrosis (-54%, P<0.05 vs mdx) and fibrosis (-75%, P<0.01 vs mdx). Moreover, a more mature myofibre phenotype, characterized by larger-sized fibres and higher expression of mature myosin heavy chains 1 and 7 was observed. Mdx-T also exhibited enhanced force and resistance to fatigue (+20 to 60%, P<0.05 or less). These beneficial effects resulted from MCC950 inhibition of both active caspase-1 (-46%, P=0.075) and cleaved gasdermin D (N-GSDMD) (-42% in medium-sized-fibres, P<0.001). Finally, the anti-inflammatory action and the anti-pyroptotic effect of MCC950 were also recapitulated in DMD hum
Published: 2022

4. What lies underneath: Precise classification of brain states using time-dependent topological structure of dynamics

Author: Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Filosofía y Lógica y Filosofía de la Ciencia, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ecuaciones Diferenciales y Análisis Numérico, Junta de Andalucía, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). España, Universidad de Jaén, Fundación Alicia Koplowitz, Unión Europea. Horizonte 2020, Swiss National Science Foundation, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS). Bélgica, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Soler Toscano, Fernando, Galadí García, Javier Alejandro, Escrichs, Anira, Sanz Perl, Y., López González, Ane, Sitt, Jacobo D., Annen, Jitka, Gosseries, Olivia, Thibaut, Aurore, Panda, Rajanikant, Esteban, Francisco J., Laureys, Steven, Kringelbach, M.L., Langa Rosado, José Antonio, Deco, Gustavo, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Filosofía y Lógica y Filosofía de la Ciencia, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ecuaciones Diferenciales y Análisis Numérico, Junta de Andalucía, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). España, Universidad de Jaén, Fundación Alicia Koplowitz, Unión Europea. Horizonte 2020, Swiss National Science Foundation, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS). Bélgica, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Soler Toscano, Fernando, Galadí García, Javier Alejandro, Escrichs, Anira, Sanz Perl, Y., López González, Ane, Sitt, Jacobo D., Annen, Jitka, Gosseries, Olivia, Thibaut, Aurore, Panda, Rajanikant, Esteban, Francisco J., Laureys, Steven, Kringelbach, M.L., Langa Rosado, José Antonio, and Deco, Gustavo
Abstract: The self-organising global dynamics underlying brain states emerge from complex recursive nonlinear interactions between interconnected brain regions. Until now, most efforts of capturing the causal mechanistic generating principles have supposed underlying stationarity, being unable to describe the non-stationarity of brain dynamics, i.e. time-dependent changes. Here, we present a novel framework able to characterise brain states with high specificity, precisely by modelling the time-dependent dynamics. Through describing a topological structure associated to the brain state at each moment in time (its attractor or ‘information structure’), we are able to classify different brain states by using the statistics across time of these structures hitherto hidden in the neuroimaging dynamics. Proving the strong potential of this framework, we were able to classify resting-state BOLD fMRI signals from two classes of post-comatose patients (minimally conscious state and unresponsive wakefulness syndrome) compared with healthy controls with very high precision.
Published: 2022

5. Atmospheric phosphorus deposition amplifies carbon sinks in simulations of a tropical forest in Central Africa

Author: Daniel S. Goll, Marijn Bauters, Haicheng Zhang, Philippe Ciais, Yves Balkanski, Rong Wang, Hans Verbeeck, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 34823748, BOF16/STA/008, Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, FNRS, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, FWO: G018319N, DSG and PC acknowledge support from the ANR CLAND Convergence Institute (ANR: ANR-16-CONV-0003), HV from the Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO, grant no. G018319N) and the UGent special research fund (BOF16/STA/008), HZ from the ‘Lateral-CNP’ project (no. 34823748) supported by the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique–FNRS. We acknowledge the use of data provided by the ESA CCI Land Cover project. We thank Marie Combe for handing over her discontinued initial modelling analysis to us., and ANR-16-CONV-0003,CLAND,CLAND : Changement climatique et usage des terres(2016)
Subjects: tropical forest, nutrient limitation, Physiology, atmospheric deposition, land surface modelling, Plant Science, carbon sink, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Earth and Environmental Sciences, Africa, carbon cycle, cavelab, phosphorus
Abstract: International audience; Spatial redistribution of nutrients by atmospheric transport and deposition could theoretically act as a continental-scale mechanism which counteracts declines in soil fertility caused by nutrient lock-up in accumulating biomass in tropical forests in Central Africa. However, to what extent it affects carbon sinks in forests remains elusive. Here we use a terrestrial biosphere model to quantify the impact of changes in atmospheric nitrogen and phosphorus deposition on plant nutrition and biomass carbon sink at a typical lowland forest site in Central Africa. We find that the increase in nutrient deposition since the 1980s could have contributed to the carbon sink over the past four decades up to an extent which is similar to that from the combined effects of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and climate change. Furthermore, we find that the modelled carbon sink responds to changes in phosphorus deposition, but less so to nitrogen deposition. The pronounced response of ecosystem productivity to changes in nutrient deposition illustrates a potential mechanism that could control carbon sinks in Central Africa. Monitoring the quantity and quality of nutrient deposition is needed in this region, given the changes in nutrient deposition due to human land use.
Published: 2022
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6. A Bilevel Optimization Approach to Decide the Feasibility of Bookings in the European Gas Market

Author: Martine Labbé, Fränk Plein, Martin Schmidt, Johannes Thürauf, Integrated Optimization with Complex Structure (INOCS), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Trier University, and Martine Labbé has been partially supported by the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS under Grant no PDR T0098.18. Fränk Plein thanks the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS for his Aspirant fellowship supporting the research for this publication. This research has been performed as part of the Energie Campus Nürnberg and is supported by funding of the Bavarian State Government. Martin Schmidt and Johannes Thürauf thank the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for their support within projects A05, B07, and B08 in CRC TRR 154.
Subjects: Control valves, European entry-exit market, Mathematical optimization, Gas networks, Mathematical problem, Basis (linear algebra), General Mathematics, Control (management), Bilevel optimization, [INFO.INFO-RO]Computer Science [cs]/Operations Research [cs.RO], Management Science and Operations Research, Active elements, Lead (geology), Bookings, 90B10, 90C11, 90C35, 90C46, 90C90, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], ddc:510, Gas compressor, Software, Active networking
Abstract: The European gas market is organized as a so-called entry-exit system with the main goal to decouple transport and trading. To this end, gas traders and the transmission system operator (TSO) sign so-called booking contracts that grant capacity rights to traders to inject or withdraw gas at certain nodes up to this capacity. On a day-ahead basis, traders then nominate the actual amount of gas within the previously booked capacities. By signing a booking contract, the TSO guarantees that all nominations within the booking bounds can be transported through the network. This results in a highly challenging mathematical problem. Using potential-based flows to model stationary gas physics, feasible bookings on passive networks, i.e., networks without controllable elements, have been characterized in the recent literature. In this paper, we consider networks with linearly modeled active elements such as compressors or control valves. Since these active elements allow the TSO to control the gas flow, the single-level approaches for passive networks from the literature are no longer applicable. We thus present a bilevel model to decide the feasibility of bookings in networks with active elements. While this model is well-defined for general active networks, we focus on the class of networks for which active elements do not lie on cycles. This assumption allows us to reformulate the original bilevel model such that the lower-level problem is linear for every given upper-level decision. Consequently, we derive several single-level reformulations for this case. Besides the classic Karush–Kuhn–Tucker reformulation, we obtain three problem-specific optimal-value-function reformulations. The latter also lead to novel characterizations of feasible bookings in networks with active elements that do not lie on cycles. We compare the performance of our methods by a case study based on data from the .
Published: 2022

7. Microbiota and pathogens in an invasive bee: Megachile sculpturalis from native and invaded regions

Author: Tina Tuerlings, Amanda Hettiarachchi, Marie Joossens, Benoît Geslin, Nicolas J. Vereecken, Denis Michez, Guy Smagghe, Peter Vandamme, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), University of Mons [Belgium] (UMONS), Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique -FNRS, and Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Subjects: Anthidium florentinum, Halictus scabiosae, gut microbiota, Insect Science, Genetics, parasites, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Megachile sculpturalis, Molecular Biology
Abstract: International audience; The present study aimed to characterise the bacterial, fungal and parasite gut community of the invasive bee Megachile sculpturalis sampled from native (Japan) and invaded (USA and France) regions via 16S rRNA and ITS2 amplicon sequencing and PCR detection of bee microparasites. The bacterial and fungal gut microbiota communities in bees from invaded regions were highly similar and differed strongly from those obtained in Japan. Core amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) within each population represented environmental micro-organisms commonly present in bee-associated niches that likely provide beneficial functions to their host. Although the overall bacterial and fungal communities of the invasive M. sculpturalis in France and the co-foraging native bees Anthidium florentinum and Halictus scabiosae, were significantly different, five out of eight core ASVs were shared suggesting common environmental sources and potential transmission. None of the 46 M. sculpturalis bees analysed harboured known bee pathogens, while microparasite infections were common in A. florentinum, and rare in H. scabiosae. A common shift in the gut microbiota of M. sculpturalis in invaded regions as a response to changed environmental conditions, or a founder effect coupled to population re-establishment in the invaded regions may explain the observed microbial community profiles and the absence of parasites. While the role of pathogen pressure in shaping biological invasions is still debated, the absence of natural enemies may contribute to the invasion success of M. sculpturalis.
Published: 2023
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8. The impact of 2020 French municipal elections on the spread of COVID-19

Author: Guilhem Cassan, Marc Sangnier, Université de Namur [Namur] (UNamur), Center for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), CEPR, Centre pour la recherche économique et ses applications (CEPREMAP), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centre de Recherche en Economie et Droit (CRED), Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas, Development Finance and Public Policies (DeFiPP), Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques (AMSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek – Vlaanderen (FWO), Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique – FNRS under EOS Project O020918F (EOS ID 30784531), ANR-17-EURE-0020,AMSE (EUR),Aix-Marseille School of Economics(2017), Département d'économie de l'ENS-PSL (ECO ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL)
Subjects: Hospitalizations, Economics and Econometrics, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making/D.D7.D72 - Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior, genetic structures, Electoral turnout, health care facilities, manpower, and services, COVID-19, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, JEL: I - Health, Education, and Welfare/I.I1 - Health/I.I1.I18 - Government Policy • Regulation • Public Health, JEL: I - Health, Education, and Welfare/I.I1 - Health/I.I1.I10 - General, Municipal elections, health services administration, ACL-2 / HCERES A, JEL: P - Economic Systems/P.P1 - Capitalist Systems/P.P1.P16 - Political Economy, Prediction errors, health care economics and organizations, Demography
Abstract: International audience; Soon after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the French government decided to still hold the first round of the 2020 municipal elections as scheduled on March 15. What was the impact of these elections on the spread of COVID-19 in France? Answering this question leads to intricate econometric issues as omitted variables may drive both epidemiological dynamics and electoral turnout, and as a national lockdown was imposed at almost the same time as the elections. In order to disentangle the effect of the elections from that of confounding factors, we first predict each department’s epidemiological dynamics using information up to the election. We then take advantage of differences in electoral turnout across departments to identify the impact of the election on prediction errors in hospitalizations. We report a detrimental effect of the first round of the election on hospitalizations in locations that were already at relatively advanced stages of the epidemic. Estimates suggest that the elections accounted for at least 3,000 hospitalizations, or 11% of all hospitalizations by the end of March. Given the sizable health cost of holding elections during an epidemic, promoting ways of voting that reduce exposure to COVID-19 is key until the pandemic shows signs of abating.
Published: 2022
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9. Chemical Surface Grafting of Pt Nanocatalysts for Reconciling Methanol Tolerance with Methanol Oxidation Activity

Author: Quentin Lenne, Alice Mattiuzzi, Ivan Jabin, Ludovic Troian‐Gautier, Jonathan Hamon, Yann R. Leroux, Corinne Lagrost, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), X4C, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (Nantes Univ - EPUN), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), This work is supported by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR –CE50-2021-MARCEL project).Q.L. thanks the French Ministry of Research for financial support. The authors are grateful to L.Rault for the assistance in TEM experiments performed on THEMIS platform (CPER-FEDER 2007–2014) and to F. Gouttefangeas for SEM experiments performed on CMEBA platform (THEMIS/CMEBA, ScanMAT, UMS 2R011 University of Rennes 1-CNRS, Rennes, France). B. Lefeuvre (ISCR-OMC, UMR 6226, University of Rennes 1) is thanked for his help with ICP-MS measurements. L. T.-G. is a Chercheur Qualifiéof the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique –FNRS., and ANR-21-CE50-0034,MARCEL,Booster la sélectivité et l'efficacité des processus ORR et CO2RR en couplant nanomatériaux métalliques et chimie de surface hôte-invité(2021)
Subjects: General Energy, Methanol oxidation reaction, General Chemical Engineering, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, General Materials Science, Electrocatalysis, diazonium grafting, Oxygen reduction reaction, surface functionalization
Abstract: International audience; A conceptual challenge toward more versatile direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is the design of a single material electrocatalyst with high activity and durability for both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). This requires to conciliate methanol tolerance not to hinder ORR at the cathode with a good MOR activity at the anode. This is especially incompatible with Pt materials. We tackled this challenge by deriving a supramolecular concept where surface-grafted molecular ligands regulate the Pt-catalyst reactivity. ORR and MOR activities of newly reported Pt-calix[4]arenes nanocatalysts (PtCF3NPs/C) are compared to commercial benchmark PtNPs/C. PtCF3NPs/C exhibit a remarkable methanol tolerance without losing the MOR reactivity along with outstanding durability and chemical stability. Beyond designing single-catalyst material, operable in DMFC cathodic and anodic compartments, the results highlight a promising strategy for tuning interfacial properties.
Published: 2023
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10. Coordination on networks with farsighted and myopic agents

Author: Mauleon, Ana, Schopohl, Simon, Taalaibekova, Akylai, Vannetelbosch, Vincent, UCL - SSH/LIDAM/CORE - Center for operations research and econometrics, USL-B - Centre de recherche en Economie (CEREC), Center of Operation Research and Econometrics [Louvain] (CORE), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ana Mauleon and Vincent Vannetelbosch are, respectively, Research Director and Senior Research Associate of the National Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS). Financial support from the MSCA ITN Expectations and Social Influence Dynamics in Economics (ExSIDE) Grant no 721846 (1/9/2017–31/8/2020), from the Belgian French speaking community ARC project 15/20-072 of Saint-Louis University - Brussels, and from the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique—FNRS research grant T.0143.18 is gratefully acknowledged., and European Project: 721846,Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) in Horizon 2020,H2020-MSCA-ITN-2016/H2020-MSCA-ITN-2016,ExSIDE(2017)
Subjects: JEL: A - General Economics and Teaching/A.A1 - General Economics/A.A1.A14 - Sociology of Economics, Statistics and Probability, Economics and Econometrics, Stubborn players, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Farsighted players, Coordination problems, Mathematics (miscellaneous), Networks, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D2 - Production and Organizations/D.D2.D20 - General, Stability, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory/C.C7.C70 - General, Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract: We study a coordination game on a fixed connected network where players have to choose between two projects. Some players are moderate (i.e. they are ex-ante indifferent between both projects) while others are stubborn (i.e. they always choose the same project). Benefits for moderate players are increasing in the number of neighbors who choose the same project. In addition, players are either farsighted or myopic. Farsighted players anticipate the reactions of others while myopic players do not. We show that, when all players are farsighted, full coordination among the moderate players is reached except if there are stubborn players for both projects. When the population is mixed, the set of stable strategy profiles is a refinement of the set of Nash equilibrium strategy profiles. In fact, turning myopic players into farsighted ones eliminates gradually the inefficient Nash equilibria. Finally, we consider a social planner who can improve coordination by means of two policy instruments: adding links to the network (socialization) and/or turning myopic players into farsighted ones (education).
Published: 2022
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11. Characterizing Omega-Regularity through Finite-Memory Determinacy of Games on Infinite Graphs

Author: Bouyer, Patricia, Randour, Mickael, Vandenhove, Pierre, Laboratoire Méthodes Formelles (LMF), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay), University of Mons [Belgium] (UMONS), Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique [FNRS], and ANR-20-CE25-0012,MAVEriQ,Méthodes d'analyse pour la vérification de propriétés quantitatives(2020)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, TheoryofComputation_MISCELLANEOUS, finite-memory determinacy, Computer Science::Computer Science and Game Theory, Computer Science - Logic in Computer Science, infinite arenas, [INFO.INFO-GT]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Science and Game Theory [cs.GT], Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL), ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING, [INFO.INFO-LO]Computer Science [cs]/Logic in Computer Science [cs.LO], TheoryofComputation_GENERAL, Computer Science - Formal Languages and Automata Theory, optimal strategies, Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO), Computer Science - Computer Science and Game Theory, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], two-player games on graphs, ��-regular languages, Theory of computation �� Formal languages and automata theory, Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
Abstract: We consider zero-sum games on infinite graphs, with objectives specified as sets of infinite words over some alphabet of colors. A well-studied class of objectives is the one of $\omega$-regular objectives, due to its relation to many natural problems in theoretical computer science. We focus on the strategy complexity question: given an objective, how much memory does each player require to play as well as possible? A classical result is that finite-memory strategies suffice for both players when the objective is $\omega$-regular. We show a reciprocal of that statement: when both players can play optimally with a chromatic finite-memory structure (i.e., whose updates can only observe colors) in all infinite game graphs, then the objective must be $\omega$-regular. This provides a game-theoretic characterization of $\omega$-regular objectives, and this characterization can help in obtaining memory bounds. Moreover, a by-product of our characterization is a new one-to-two-player lift: to show that chromatic finite-memory structures suffice to play optimally in two-player games on infinite graphs, it suffices to show it in the simpler case of one-player games on infinite graphs. We illustrate our results with the family of discounted-sum objectives, for which $\omega$-regularity depends on the value of some parameters., Comment: A previous conference version appeared in STACS 2022. 48 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2023
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12. Variations in the poly-histidine repeat motif of HOXA1 contribute to bicuspid aortic valve in mouse and zebrafish

Author: Odelin, Gaelle, Faucherre, Adèle, Marchese, Damien, Pinard, Amélie, Jaouadi, Hager, Le Scouarnec, Solena, Deleuze, Jean-François, Génin, Emmanuelle, Lindenbaum, Pierre, Redon, Richard, Schott, Jean-Jacques, Chiarelli, Raphaël, Achouri, Younes, Faure, Emilie, Herbane, Marine, Théron, Alexis, Avierinos, Jean-François, Jopling, Chris, Collod-Béroud, Gwenaëlle, Rezsohazy, René, Zaffran, Stéphane, UCL - SST/LIBST - Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Marseille medical genetics - Centre de génétique médicale de Marseille (MMG), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Institut du Thorax [Nantes], Département de Cardiologie [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM], Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), 'Association Française contre les Myopathies' [NMH-Decrypt Project],the 'Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale'[DPC20111123002], the 'Institut National de la Santé et de laRecherche Médicale' and 'la Fondation Leducq' to S.Z. This workwas supported by the 'Fonds de la recherche Scientifique FNRS'[Crédit de recherche (CDR) J.0157.21] and the 'Fonds spéciaux derecherche' (FSR, UCLouvain) to R.R. A.P. received PhD fellowshipsfrom the 'Association Française du syndrome de Marfan et apparentés'.A.F. and C.J. are members of the Laboratory of ExcellenceIon Channel Science and Therapeutics supported by a grant fromthe ANR. Work in the C.J lab is supported by a grant from the 'laFondation Leducq', ANR-10-INBS-0004,France-BioImaging,Développment d'une infrastructure française distribuée coordonnée(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0013,GENMED,Medical Genomics(2010), and ANR-11-LABX-0015,ICST,Canaux ioniques d'intérêt thérapeutique(2011)
Subjects: [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Multidisciplinary, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Organogenesis, General Biochemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, Genetics and Molecular Biology, General Chemistry, Development, Heart development, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), the most common cardiovascular malformation occurs in 0.5–1.2% of the population. Although highly heritable, few causal mutations have been identified in BAV patients. Here, we report the targeted sequencing of HOXA1 in a cohort of BAV patients and the identification of rare indel variants in the homopolymeric histidine tract of HOXA1. In vitro analysis shows that disruption of this motif leads to a significant reduction in protein half-life and defective transcriptional activity of HOXA1. In zebrafish, targeting hoxa1a ortholog results in aortic valve defects. In vivo assays indicates that these variants behave as dominant negatives leading abnormal valve development. In mice, deletion of Hoxa1 leads to BAV with a very small, rudimentary non-coronary leaflet. We also show that 17% of homozygous Hoxa1 −1His knock-in mice present similar phenotype. Genetic lineage tracing in Hoxa1 −/− mutant mice reveals an abnormal reduction of neural crest-derived cells in the valve leaflet, which is caused by a failure of early migration of these cells.
Published: 2023
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13. Inhibiting the inflammasome with MCC950 counteracts muscle pyroptosis and improves Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Author: Nicolas, Dubuisson, María A, Davis-López de Carrizosa, Romain, Versele, Camille M, Selvais, Laurence, Noel, P Y D, Van den Bergh, Sonia M, Brichard, Michel, Abou-Samra, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS). Bélgica, UCL - SSS/IREC/EDIN - Pôle d'endocrinologie, diabète et nutrition, UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'endocrinologie et de nutrition, and UCL - (SLuc) Service de neurologie
Subjects: Inflammation, Sulfonamides, Inflammasomes, pyroptosis, Immunology, NLRP3 inflammasome, muscle inflammation, Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne, Mice, Gasdermins, gasdermin, NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), N-GSDMD, Mice, Inbred mdx, Humans, Animals, Immunology and Allergy, MCC950, Muscle, Skeletal
Abstract: BackgroundDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common inherited human myopathy. Typically, the secondary process involving severe inflammation and necrosis exacerbate disease progression. Previously, we reported that the NLRP3 inflammasome complex plays a crucial role in this disorder. Moreover, pyroptosis, a form of programmed necrotic cell death, is triggered by NLRP3 via gasdermin D (GSDMD). So far, pyroptosis has never been described either in healthy muscle or in dystrophic muscle. The aim of this study was to unravel the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in DMD and explore a potentially promising treatment with MCC950 that selectively inhibits NLRP3.MethodsFour‐week‐old mdx mice (n=6 per group) were orally treated for 2 months with MCC950 (mdx‐T), a highly potent, specific, small-molecule inhibitor of NLRP3, and compared with untreated (mdx) and wild-type (WT) mice. In vivo functional tests were carried out to measure the global force and endurance of mice. Ex vivo biochemical and molecular analyses were performed to evaluate the pathophysiology of the skeletal muscle. Finally, in vitro tests were conducted on primary cultures of DMD human myotubes.ResultsAfter MCC950 treatment, mdx mice exhibited a significant reduction of inflammation, macrophage infiltration and oxidative stress (-20 to -65%, Pvs untreated mdx). Mdx‐T mice displayed considerably less myonecrosis (-54%, Pvs mdx) and fibrosis (-75%, Pvs mdx). Moreover, a more mature myofibre phenotype, characterized by larger-sized fibres and higher expression of mature myosin heavy chains 1 and 7 was observed. Mdx-T also exhibited enhanced force and resistance to fatigue (+20 to 60%, PP=0.075) and cleaved gasdermin D (N-GSDMD) (-42% in medium-sized-fibres, PConclusionSpecific inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome can significantly attenuate the dystrophic phenotype. A novel finding of this study is the overactivation of GSDMD, which is hampered by MCC950. This ultimately leads to less inflammation and pyroptosis and to a better muscle maturation and function. Targeting NLRP3 might lead to an effective therapeutic approach for a better management of DMD.
Published: 2022
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14. Product line optimization with multiples sites

Author: Sebastián Dávila, Martine Labbé, Vladimir Marianov, Fernando Ordónẽz, Frédéric Semet, Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE), Integrated Optimization with Complex Structure (INOCS), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Sistemas Complejos de Ingeniería (ISCI), The authors gratefully acknowledge the support by Grants FONDECYT 1190064, CONICYT PIA AFB180003 and INRIA Associated Team BIPLOS. Also, to CONICYT for a Doctorate fellowship for Sebastián Dávila Folio 21161328/2016 . Martine Labbé has been partially supported by the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique -FNRS under Grant PDR T0098.18, Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), and Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Computer Science::Computer Science and Game Theory, Bilevel programming, General Computer Science, Cut and Branch, Modeling and Simulation, Location, [INFO.INFO-RO]Computer Science [cs]/Operations Research [cs.RO], Management Science and Operations Research, Product allocation to multiple stores, ACM: G.: Mathematics of Computing/G.2: DISCRETE MATHEMATICS/G.2.1: Combinatorics/G.2.1.0: Combinatorial algorithms, Branch and Cut
Abstract: International audience; We consider the problem faced by a retailer that selects the set of products to allocate in finite capacity stores to maximize patronage. The purchase decision is made by customers that purchase exactly one product that maximizes her utility that depends on the product price, distance traveled to the store and reservation price, known to the retailer. The retailer's bilevel optimization problem is transformed into an integer optimization formulation. Small size instances are solved optimally, while for large instances, we explore Benders Decomposition, Branch and Cut and Cut and Branch to solve the problem. Our computational results show that the proposed Cut and Branch method obtains the best results, and improves on the current state of the art.
Published: 2022

15. Combined bulk-rock Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd isotopic study of Archean granitoids and mafic rocks from Sangmelima terranes (Ntem Complex, south Cameroon): Geodynamic implications

Author: Joseph Martial Akame, Vinciane Debaille, Marc Poujol, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), grant 'Prix de Meurs-Francois', ULB, Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, MOPGA 2022 Visiting Fellowship Program for Young Researchers, EoS project ET-Home, and Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS
Subjects: Ntem Complex, Nd isotopes, Congo Craton, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Geochemistry and Petrology, Hf isotopes, Archean granitoids, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Hafnium and neodymium isotopes provide robust tool tracers for tracking the mechanisms of crustal generation and differentiation, from mantle extraction to the late geological processes undergone by the studied rocks. Though these two isotope systems commonly behave similarly and define a positive correlation between 143 Nd/ 144 Nd and 176 Hf/ 177 Hf referred to as the "terrestrial array", they may differ in terrains having a complex geological history, such as Archean cratons. This study presents the first combined whole-rock Hf and Nd isotopic analyses of Archean mafic and felsic igneous rocks from the Sangmelima terranes in the Ntem Complex (located in the Northwest of Congo Craton (NW CC) in southern Cameroon). It mainly consists of Mesoarchean charnockites and tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) suites, greenstone belts, mafic enclaves or dykes, and potassic granitoids. Mesoarchean charnockite and TTG suites have subchondritic initial 176 Hf/ 177 Hf and 143 Nd/ 144 Nd ratios with a mean initial (suffix (i)) ε 176 Hf (i) and ε 143 Nd (i) of-3.30 ± 1.40 and-3.85 ± 0.65 (2SD) respectively, implying the involvement of Eo-to Paleoarchean components in their petrogenesis. The bulk rock initial Hf and Nd isotope compositions of the gabbro and gabbronorites are suprachondritic (ε 176 Hf (i) = +3.4 to + 8.2; ε 143 Nd (i) = +0.9 to + 1.6), indicate that they were derived from a depleted mantle source. Coupled with pre-existing data from the literature, these new Hf-Nd isotopic data indicate that two episodes of mantle-derived mafic magmatism in the Ntem Complex occurred during the Mesoarchean period (i.e., at ~ 3.1 and 2.86 billion years (Ga)). Neoarchean dolerite dykes show broadly chondritic to supra-chondritic ε 176 Hf (i) and ε 143 Nd (i) values of-0.28 to + 4.53 and T CHUR ages of 2.74-2.76 Ga, suggesting the derivation of doleritic magma from a depleted mantle source with either none or limited crustal residence time. Considering other Archean domains of the NW CC, there were multi-stage magmatism events and crustal growth events occurred at ~3.75-3.31 Ga, ~3.26-3.0 Ga, ~2.92-2.85 Ga, and ~2.75-2.72 Ga from Eoarchean to Neoarchean in the NW Congo Craton.
Published: 2023
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16. Clouds drive differences in future surface melt over the Antarctic ice shelves

Author: Christoph Kittel, Charles Amory, Stefan Hofer, Cécile Agosta, Nicolas C. Jourdain, Ella Gilbert, Louis Le Toumelin, Étienne Vignon, Hubert Gallée, Xavier Fettweis, Université de Liège, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), University of Oslo (UiO), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Centre d'Etudes de la Neige (CEN), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and This research has been supported by the Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique (FNRS) and the Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek-Vlaanderen (FWO) (under the EOS project no. O0100718F and grant no. T.0002.16). Computational resources have been provided by the Consortium des Équipements de Calcul Intensif (CÉCI), funded by the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique de Belgique (F.R.S. – FNRS) under grant no. 2.5020.11, and the Tier-1 supercomputer (Zenobe) of the Fédération Wallonie Bruxelles infrastructure, funded by the Walloon Region under grant agreement no. 1117545. Christoph Kittel and Nicolas C. Jourdain have received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 101003826 via the CRiceS (Climate Relevant interactions and feedbacks: the key role of sea ice and Snow in the polar and global climate system) project.
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: Recent warm atmospheric conditions have damaged the ice shelves of the Antarctic Peninsula through surface melt and hydrofracturing and could potentially initiate future collapse of other Antarctic ice shelves. However, model projections with similar greenhouse gas scenarios suggest large differences in cumulative 21st-century surface melting. So far it remains unclear whether these differences are due to variations in warming rates in individual models or whether local feedback mechanisms of the surface energy budget could also play a notable role. Here we use the polar-oriented regional climate model MAR (Modèle Atmosphérique Régional) to study the physical mechanisms that would control future surface melt over the Antarctic ice shelves in high-emission scenarios RCP8.5 and SSP5-8.5. We show that clouds enhance future surface melt by increasing the atmospheric emissivity and longwave radiation towards the surface. Furthermore, we highlight that differences in meltwater production for the same climate warming rate depend on cloud properties and particularly cloud phase. Clouds containing a larger amount of supercooled liquid water lead to stronger melt, subsequently favouring the absorption of solar radiation due to the snowmelt–albedo feedback. As liquid-containing clouds are projected to increase the melt spread associated with a given warming rate, they could be a major source of uncertainties in projections of the future Antarctic contribution to sea level rise.
Published: 2022
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17. Distinguishing cellular from abiotic spheroidal microstructures in the ca. 3.4 Ga Strelley Pool Formation

Author: Maxime Coutant, Kevin Lepot, Alexandre Fadel, Ahmed Addad, Elodie Richard, David Troadec, Sandra Ventalon, Kenichiro Sugitani, Emmanuelle J. Javaux, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Université de Liège, Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Centrale de Micro Nano Fabrication - IEMN (CMNF - IEMN), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Graduate School of Environmental Studies [Nagoya], Nagoya University, Financial support for this project was provided by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche, France (ANR M6fossils: ANR-15-CE31-0003-01 to K.L.), and Région Hauts de France (project Vison-AIRR iM4 to K.L.). Preliminary analyses were carried using financial support of FRS-FNRS FRFC Grant no. 2.4558.09F (E.J.J.), CNRS-INSU (Program INTERRVIE – K.L.) and FNRS (K.L.). Support also comes from ULiege-UR Astrobiology (M.C. scholarship), M.C. is a FRIA grantee of the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique – FNRS and FNRS PDR 35284099 'Life in coastal Archean Environments' (E.J.J). The authors thank x anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments., Renatech Network, and ANR-15-CE31-0003,M6fossils,Identification moléculaire, minéralogique, morphologique et isotopique des micro- et macrofossiles aux échelles micro et nano.(2015)
Subjects: Archean, Geologic Sediments, Minerals, Fossils, spheroids, Strelley Pool Formation, Quartz, biomorphs, Silicon Dioxide, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], General Earth and Planetary Sciences, microfossils, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, General Environmental Science
Abstract: International audience; The morphogenesis of most carbonaceous microstructures that resemble microfossils in Archean (4–2.5 Ga old) rocks remains debated. The associated carbonaceous matter may even—in some cases—derive from abiotic organic molecules. Mineral growths associated with organic matter migration may mimic microbial cells, some anatomical features, and known microfossils—in particular those with simple spheroid shapes. Here, spheroid microstructures from a chert of the ca. 3.4 Ga Strelley Pool Formation (SPF) of the Pilbara Craton (Western Australia) were imaged and analyzed with a combination of high-resolution in situ techniques. This provides new insights into carbonaceous matter distributions and their relationships with the crystallographic textures of associated quartz. Thus, we describe five new types of spheroids and discuss their morphogenesis. In at least three types of microstructures, wall coalescence argues for migration of carbonaceous matter onto abiotic siliceous spherulites or diffusion in poorly crystalline silica. The nanoparticulate walls of these coalescent structures often cut across multiple quartz crystals, consistent with migration in/on silica prior to quartz recrystallization. Sub-continuous walls lying at quartz boundaries occur in some coalescent vesicles. This weakens the “continuous carbonaceous wall” criterion proposed to support cellular inferences. In contrast, some clustered spheroids display wrinkled sub-continuous double walls, and a large sphere shows a thick sub-continuous wall with pustules and depressions. These features appear consistent with post-mortem cell alteration, although abiotic morphogenesis remains difficult to rule out. We compared these siliceous and carbonaceous microstructures to coalescent pyritic spheroids from the same sample, which likely formed as “colloidal” structures in hydrothermal context. The pyrites display a smaller size and only limited carbonaceous coatings, arguing that they could not have acted as precursors to siliceous spheroids. This study revealed new textural features arguing for abiotic morphogenesis of some Archean spheroids. The absence of these features in distinct types of spheroids leaves open the microfossil hypothesis in the same rock. Distinction of such characteristics could help addressing further the origin of other candidate microfossils. This study calls for similar investigations of metamorphosed microfossiliferous rocks and of the products of in vitro growth of cell-mimicking structures in presence of organics and silica.
Published: 2022
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18. Half-Positional Objectives Recognized by Deterministic B\'uchi Automata

Author: Bouyer, Patricia, Casares, Antonio, Randour, Mickael, Vandenhove, Pierre, Laboratoire Méthodes Formelles (LMF), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Mons [Belgium] (UMONS), and Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique [FNRS]
Subjects: Büchi automata, FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Logic in Computer Science, [INFO.INFO-GT]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Science and Game Theory [cs.GT], Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL), Theory of computation → Formal languages and automata theory, [INFO.INFO-LO]Computer Science [cs]/Logic in Computer Science [cs.LO], Computer Science - Formal Languages and Automata Theory, Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO), memoryless optimal strategies, ω-regularity, [INFO.INFO-FL]Computer Science [cs]/Formal Languages and Automata Theory [cs.FL], Computer Science - Computer Science and Game Theory, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], half-positionality, two-player games on graphs, Computer Science::Formal Languages and Automata Theory, Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
Abstract: A central question in the theory of two-player games over graphs is to understand which objectives are half-positional, that is, which are the objectives for which the protagonist does not need memory to implement winning strategies. Objectives for which both players do not need memory have already been characterized (both in finite and infinite graphs); however, less is known about half-positional objectives. In particular, no characterization of half-positionality is known for the central class of omega-regular objectives. In this paper, we characterize objectives recognizable by deterministic B\"uchi automata (a class of omega-regular objectives) that are half-positional, both over finite and infinite graphs. Our characterization consists of three natural conditions linked to the language-theoretic notion of right congruence. Furthermore, this characterization yields a polynomial-time algorithm to decide half-positionality of an objective recognized by a given deterministic B\"uchi automaton., Comment: Full version of CONCUR 2022 conference paper. 41 pages, 15 figures
Published: 2022
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19. Genome-wide diversity of Zika virus

Author: Sofia G Seabra, Pieter J K Libin, Kristof Theys, Anna Zhukova, Barney I Potter, Hanna Nebenzahl-Guimaraes, Alexander E Gorbalenya, Igor A Sidorov, Victor Pimentel, Marta Pingarilho, Ana T R de Vasconcelos, Simon Dellicour, Ricardo Khouri, Olivier Gascuel, Anne-Mieke Vandamme, Guy Baele, Lize Cuypers, Ana B Abecasis, Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Rega Institute for Medical Research [Leuven, België], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Hasselt University (UHasselt), Bioinformatique évolutive - Evolutionary Bioinformatics, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Universiteit Leiden, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Laboratorio Nacional de Computação Cientifica [Rio de Janeiro] (LNCC / MCT), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz / Gonçalo Moniz Research Centre - Fiocruz Bahia [Salvador, Brésil] (IGM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), University Hospitals Leuven [Leuven], This research was supported in part by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program ZIKAlliance (Agreement No 734548) and by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) through funds GHTM-UID/04413/2020. S.G.S. was funded by FCT, Portugal, through contrato-programa 1567 (CEECINST/00102/2018). K.T. was supported by a Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek post-doctoral grant. P.L. was supported by a doctoral (1S31916N) and post-doctoral grant (#1242021N) provided by the Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek and was also supported by funding from the Flemish Government under the ‘Onderzoeksprogramma Artificiele Intelligentie (AI) Vlaanderen’ programme. P.L. also received funding from the research council of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (OZR-VUB) via grant number OZR3863BOF. S.D. acknowledges funding from the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS, Belgium). S.D. and G.B. acknowledge support from the Research Foundation—Flanders (Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek—Vlaanderen, G098321N). B.P. and G.B. acknowledge support from the Internal Fondsen KU Leuven/Internal Funds KU Leuven (Grant No. C14/18/094). G.B. also acknowledges support from the Research Foundation—Flanders (‘Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek—Vlaanderen,’ G0E1420N)., European Project: 734548,ZIKAlliance(2016), and Informatics and Applied Informatics
Subjects: arbovirus, Zika virus, phylogeography, molecular epidemiology, Virology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, evolutionary biology, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], Microbiology
Abstract: International audience; The Zika virus (ZIKV) disease caused a public health emergency of international concern that started in February 2016. The overall number of ZIKV-related cases increased until November 2016, after which it declined sharply. While the evaluation of the potential risk and impact of future arbovirus epidemics remains challenging, intensified surveillance efforts along with a scale-up of ZIKV whole-genome sequencing provide an opportunity to understand the patterns of genetic diversity, evolution, and spread of ZIKV. However, a classification system that reflects the true extent of ZIKV genetic variation is lacking. Our objective was to characterize ZIKV genetic diversity and phylodynamics, identify genomic footprints of differentiation patterns, and propose a dynamic classification system that reflects its divergence levels. We analysed a curated dataset of 762 publicly available sequences spanning the full-length coding region of ZIKV from across its geographical span and collected between 1947 and 2021. The definition of genetic groups was based on comprehensive evolutionary dynamics analyses, which included recombination and phylogenetic analyses, within- and between-group pairwise genetic distances comparison, detection of selective pressure, and clustering analyses. Evidence for potential recombination events was detected in a few sequences. However, we argue that these events are likely due to sequencing errors as proposed in previous studies. There was evidence of strong purifying selection, widespread across the genome, as also detected for other arboviruses. A total of 50 sites showed evidence of positive selection, and for a few of these sites, there was amino acid (AA) differentiation between genetic clusters. Two main genetic clusters were defined, ZA and ZB, which correspond to the already characterized ‘African’ and ‘Asian’ genotypes, respectively. Within ZB, two subgroups, ZB.1 and ZB.2, represent the Asiatic and the American (and Oceania) lineages, respectively. ZB.1 is further subdivided into ZB.1.0 (a basal Malaysia sequence sampled in the 1960s and a recent Indian sequence), ZB.1.1 (South-Eastern Asia, Southern Asia, and Micronesia sequences), and ZB.1.2 (very similar sequences from the outbreak in Singapore). ZB.2 is subdivided into ZB.2.0 (basal American sequences and the sequences from French Polynesia, the putative origin of South America introduction), ZB.2.1 (Central America), and ZB.2.2 (Caribbean and North America). This classification system does not use geographical references and is flexible to accommodate potential future lineages. It will be a helpful tool for studies that involve analyses of ZIKV genomic variation and its association with pathogenicity and serve as a starting point for the public health surveillance and response to on-going and future epidemics and to outbreaks that lead to the emergence of new variants.The Zika virus (ZIKV) disease caused a public health emergency of international concern that started in February 2016. The overall number of ZIKV-related cases increased until November 2016, after which it declined sharply. While the evaluation of the potential risk and impact of future arbovirus epidemics remains challenging, intensified surveillance efforts along with a scale-up of ZIKV whole-genome sequencing provide an opportunity to understand the patterns of genetic diversity, evolution, and spread of ZIKV. However, a classification system that reflects the true extent of ZIKV genetic variation is lacking. Our objective was to characterize ZIKV genetic diversity and phylodynamics, identify genomic footprints of differentiation patterns, and propose a dynamic classification system that reflects its divergence levels. We analysed a curated dataset of 762 publicly available sequences spanning the full-length coding region of ZIKV from across its geographical span and collected between 1947 and 2021. The definition of genetic groups was based on comprehensive evolutionary dynamics analyses, which included recombination and phylogenetic analyses, within- and between-group pairwise genetic distances comparison, detection of selective pressure, and clustering analyses. Evidence for potential recombination events was detected in a few sequences. However, we argue that these events are likely due to sequencing errors as proposed in previous studies. There was evidence of strong purifying selection, widespread across the genome, as also detected for other arboviruses. A total of 50 sites showed evidence of positive selection, and for a few of these sites, there was amino acid (AA) differentiation between genetic clusters. Two main genetic clusters were defined, ZA and ZB, which correspond to the already characterized ‘African’ and ‘Asian’ genotypes, respectively. Within ZB, two subgroups, ZB.1 and ZB.2, represent the Asiatic and the American (and Oceania) lineages, respectively. ZB.1 is further subdivided into ZB.1.0 (a basal Malaysia sequence sampled in the 1960s and a recent Indian sequence), ZB.1.1 (South-Eastern Asia, Southern Asia, and Micronesia sequences), and ZB.1.2 (very similar sequences from the outbreak in Singapore). ZB.2 is subdivided into ZB.2.0 (basal American sequences and the sequences from French Polynesia, the putative origin of South America introduction), ZB.2.1 (Central America), and ZB.2.2 (Caribbean and North America). This classification system does not use geographical references and is flexible to accommodate potential future lineages. It will be a helpful tool for studies that involve analyses of ZIKV genomic variation and its association with pathogenicity and serve as a starting point for the public health surveillance and response to on-going and future epidemics and to outbreaks that lead to the emergence of new variants.
Published: 2022
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20. Games Where You Can Play Optimally with Arena-Independent Finite Memory

Author: Patricia Bouyer, Stéphane Le Roux, Youssouf Oualhadj, Mickael Randour, Pierre Vandenhove, Laboratoire Méthodes Formelles (LMF), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay), Laboratoire d'Algorithmique Complexité et Logique (LACL), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), University of Mons [Belgium] (UMONS), Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique [Bruxelles] (FNRS), Laboratoire Spécification et Vérification (LSV), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay), Institut de Mathématiques [Mons], Université de Mons (UMons), and Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique [FNRS]
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, finite-memory determinacy, Computer Science::Computer Science and Game Theory, Computer Science - Logic in Computer Science, General Computer Science, [INFO.INFO-GT]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Science and Game Theory [cs.GT], Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL), Theory of computation → Formal languages and automata theory, [INFO.INFO-LO]Computer Science [cs]/Logic in Computer Science [cs.LO], Computer Science - Formal Languages and Automata Theory, optimal strategies, optimal strategies 36, Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO), Theoretical Computer Science, and phrases two-player games on graphs, Computer Science - Computer Science and Game Theory, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], two-player games on graphs, Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
Abstract: Updated title, full version of CONCUR 2020 conference paper; International audience; For decades, two-player (antagonistic) games on graphs have been a framework of choice for many important problems in theoretical computer science. A notorious one is controller synthesis, which can be rephrased through the game-theoretic metaphor as the quest for a winning strategy of the system in a game against its antagonistic environment. Depending on the specification, optimal strategies might be simple or quite complex, for example having to use (possibly infinite) memory. Hence, research strives to understand which settings allow for simple strategies. In 2005, Gimbert and Zielonka provided a complete characterization of preference relations (a formal framework to model specifications and game objectives) that admit memoryless optimal strategies for both players. In the last fifteen years however, practical applications have driven the community toward games with complex or multiple objectives, where memory -- finite or infinite -- is almost always required. Despite much effort, the exact frontiers of the class of preference relations that admit finite-memory optimal strategies still elude us. In this work, we establish a complete characterization of preference relations that admit optimal strategies using arena-independent finite memory, generalizing the work of Gimbert and Zielonka to the finite-memory case. We also prove an equivalent to their celebrated corollary of great practical interest: if both players have optimal (arena-independent-)finite-memory strategies in all one-player games, then it is also the case in all two-player games. Finally, we pinpoint the boundaries of our results with regard to the literature: our work completely covers the case of arena-independent memory (e.g., multiple parity objectives, lower- and upper-bounded energy objectives), and paves the way to the arena-dependent case (e.g., multiple lower-bounded energy objectives).
Published: 2022
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21. Posttranscriptional Regulation of the Human LDL Receptor by the U2-Spliceosome

Author: Joel T. Haas, Jan Albert Kuivenhoven, Justina C. Wolters, Andrzej J. Rzepiela, Mathilde Varret, Ann Verhaegen, Valérie Carreau, Szymon Stoma, Anne Philippi, Alaa Othman, Jerome Robert, N. Dalila, Belle V. van Rosmalen, An Verrijken, Arnold von Eckardstein, Bart van de Sluis, Silvija Radosavljevic, Paolo Zanoni, Simon F. Norrelykke, Roger Meier, M. Yalcinkaya, Bart Staels, Andreas Geier, Lucia Rohrer, Michael Stebler, Michele Visentin, Antoine Rimbert, Catherine Boileau, Antonio Gallo, Melinde Wijers, Nicolette C. A. Huijkman, Steve E. Humphries, Jonas Weyler, Freerk van Dijk, Michaela Keel, Srividya Velagapudi, Jean-Pierre Rabès, Marieke Smit, Anne Tybjærg-Hansen, Adriaan van der Graaf, Luisa Vonghia, Yara Abou-Khalil, Sven Francque, Grigorios Panteloglou, Marta Futema, Luc Van Gaal, University hospital of Zurich [Zurich], Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Institute for Molecular Systems Biology [ETH Zurich] (IMSB), Department of Biology [ETH Zürich] (D-BIOL), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Récepteurs Nucléaires, Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires - U1011 (RNMCD), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), CHU Lille, Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy (ScopeM), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), University of Groningen [Groningen], unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax UMR1087 UMR6291 (ITX), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes Université - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (Nantes Univ - UFR MEDECINE), Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), St George's, University of London, Laboratoire de Recherche Vasculaire Translationnelle (LVTS (UMR_S_1148 / U1148)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth (USJ), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), AP-HP. Université Paris Saclay, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UFR Sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Antwerp University Hospital [Edegem] (UZA), University of Antwerp (UA), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Columbia University [New York], University Hospital of Würzburg, University College of London [London] (UCL), 603091, ANR-10-LABX-46, 2015T068, CVON2017-2020, AOM06024, 2014/267, Pfizer: 24052829, European Molecular Biology Organization, EMBO: ALTF277-2014, Seventh Framework Programme, FP7, Sixth Framework Programme, FP6: LSHM-CT-2005-018734, Fondation Maladies Rares, FMR, International Atherosclerosis Society, IAS, British Heart Foundation, BHF, European Commission, EC, European Research Council, ERC: 694717, ANR 16-RHUS-0006, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR: ANR-16-RHUS-0007, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, SNF: 310030-185109, 31003A-160126, Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, FNRS, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, FWO: 1802154 N, PG008/08, RG3008, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, NWO: 184.021.007, Universität Zürich, UZH: FK-20-037, We acknowledge the use of data from BIOS-consortium ( http://wiki.bbmri.nl/wiki/BIOS_bios ) which is funded by BBMRI-NL (NWO project 184.021.007). Flow cytometry was performed with equipment of the flow cytometry facility, University of Zurich., This work was conducted as part of the TransCard project of the seventh Framework Program (FP7) granted by the European Commission, to J. Albert Kuivenhoven, A. Tybjaerg-Hansen, and A. von Eckardstein (number 603091) as well as partially the FP7 RESOLVE project (to J.T. Haas, B. Staels, A. Verhaegen, S. Francque, L. Van Gaal, and A. von Eckardstein) and the European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID, ANR-10-LABX-46 to B. Staels). Additional work by A. von Eckardstein’s team was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (31003A-160126, 310030-185109) and the Swiss Systems X program (2014/267 [Medical Research and Development (MRD)] HDL-X). P. Zanoni received funding awards from the Swiss Atherosclerosis Society (Arbeitsgruppe Lipide und Atherosklerose [AGLA] and the DACH Society for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases). G. Panteloglou received funding from the University of Zurich (Forschungskredit, grant no. FK-20-037). J. Albert Kuivenhoven is an Established Investigator from the Dutch Heart Foundation (2015T068). J. Albert Kuivenhoven was also supported by GeniusII (CVON2017-2020). The Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science (L.V.T.S.) team is supported by Fondation Maladies Rares, Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique (PHRC) (AOM06024), and the national project CHOPIN (CHolesterol Personalized Innovation), granted by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-16-RHUS-0007). Y. Abou Khalil is supported by a grant from Ministère de l’Education Nationale et de la Technologie (France). J.T. Haas was supported by an EMBO Long Term Fellowship (ALTF277-2014). B. Staels is a recipient of an ERC Advanced Grant (no. 694717). Both are also supported by PreciNASH (ANR 16-RHUS-0006). Research at the Antwerp University Hospital was supported by the European Union: FP6 (HEPADIP Contract LSHM-CT-2005-018734). S. Francque has a senior clinical research fellowship from the Fund for Scientific Research (FWO) Flanders (1802154 N). S.E. Humphries received grants RG3008 and PG008/08 from the British Heart Foundation, and the support of the UCLH NIHR BRC. S.E. Humphries directs the UK Children’s FH Register which has been supported by a grant from Pfizer (24052829) given by the International Atherosclerosis Society., This work was conducted as part of the TransCard project of the seventh Framework Program (FP7) granted by the European Commission, to J. Albert Kuivenhoven, A. Tybjaerg-Hansen, and A. von Eckardstein (number 603091) as well as partially the FP7 RESOLVE project (to J.T. Haas, B. Staels, A. Verhaegen, S. Francque, L. Van Gaal, and A. von Eckardstein) and the European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID, ANR-10-LABX-46 to B. Staels). Additional work by A. von Eckardstein's team was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (31003A-160126, 310030-185109) and the Swiss Systems X program (2014/267 [Medical Research and Development (MRD)] HDL-X). P. Zanoni received funding awards from the Swiss Atherosclerosis Society (Arbeitsgruppe Lipide und Atherosklerose [AGLA] and the DACH Society for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases). G. Panteloglou received funding from the University of Zurich (Forschungskredit, grant no. FK-20-037). J. Albert Kuivenhoven is an Established Investigator from the Dutch Heart Foundation (2015T068). J. Albert Kuivenhoven was also supported by GeniusII (CVON2017-2020). The Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science (L.V.T.S.) team is supported by Fondation Maladies Rares, Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique (PHRC) (AOM06024), and the national project CHOPIN (CHolesterol Personalized Innovation), granted by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-16-RHUS-0007). Y. Abou Khalil is supported by a grant from Minist?re de l'Education Nationale et de la Technologie (France). J.T. Haas was supported by an EMBO Long Term Fellowship (ALTF277-2014). B. Staels is a recipient of an ERC Advanced Grant (no. 694717). Both are also supported by PreciNASH (ANR 16-RHUS-0006). Research at the Antwerp University Hospital was supported by the European Union: FP6 (HEPADIP Contract LSHMCT- 2005-018734). S. Francque has a senior clinical research fellowship from the Fund for Scientific Research (FWO) Flanders (1802154 N). S.E. Humphries received grants RG3008 and PG008/08 from the British Heart Foundation, and the support of the UCLH NIHR BRC. S.E. Humphries directs the UK Children's FH Register which has been supported by a grant from Pfizer (24052829) given by the International Atherosclerosis Society., ANR-16-RHUS-0006,PreciNASH,PreciNASH(2016), ANR-16-RHUS-0007,CHOPIN,CHOPIN(2016), Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases (CLDM), Restoring Organ Function by Means of Regenerative Medicine (REGENERATE), HAL UVSQ, Équipe, Récepteurs Nucléaires, Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (RNMCD - U1011), Service d'Endocrinologie, Métabolisme et Prévention des Maladies Cardio-vasculaires [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Spliceosome, Physiology, RNA Splicing, Population, Hypercholesterolemia, Familial hypercholesterolemia, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Gene expression, medicine, Humans, education, Gene, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Gene knockdown, education.field_of_study, Intron, Nuclear Proteins, Hep G2 Cells, medicine.disease, Molecular biology, Endocytosis, [SDV.MHEP.CSC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Lipoproteins, LDL, Cholesterol, HEK293 Cells, Cardiovascular diseases, Liver, Receptors, LDL, Mutation, LDL receptor, Hepatocytes, Spliceosomes, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Human medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract: Background: The LDLR (low-density lipoprotein receptor) in the liver is the major determinant of LDL-cholesterol levels in human plasma. The discovery of genes that regulate the activity of LDLR helps to identify pathomechanisms of hypercholesterolemia and novel therapeutic targets against atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Methods: We performed a genome-wide RNA interference screen for genes limiting the uptake of fluorescent LDL into Huh-7 hepatocarcinoma cells. Top hit genes were validated by in vitro experiments as well as analyses of data sets on gene expression and variants in human populations. Results: The knockdown of 54 genes significantly inhibited LDL uptake. Fifteen of them encode for components or interactors of the U2-spliceosome. Knocking down any one of 11 out of 15 genes resulted in the selective retention of intron 3 of LDLR . The translated LDLR fragment lacks 88% of the full length LDLR and is detectable neither in nontransfected cells nor in human plasma. The hepatic expression of the intron 3 retention transcript is increased in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as well as after bariatric surgery. Its expression in blood cells correlates with LDL-cholesterol and age. Single nucleotide polymorphisms and 3 rare variants of one spliceosome gene, RBM25 , are associated with LDL-cholesterol in the population and familial hypercholesterolemia, respectively. Compared with overexpression of wild-type RBM25 , overexpression of the 3 rare RBM25 mutants in Huh-7 cells led to lower LDL uptake. Conclusions: We identified a novel mechanism of posttranscriptional regulation of LDLR activity in humans and associations of genetic variants of RBM25 with LDL-cholesterol levels.
Published: 2022
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22. Revisiting Coulomb diamond signatures in quantum Hall interferometers

Author: N. Moreau, S. Faniel, F. Martins, L. Desplanque, X. Wallart, S. Melinte, V. Bayot, B. Hackens, UCL - SST/IMCN/NAPS - Nanoscopic Physics, Institut de la matière condensée et des nanosciences / Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), EPItaxie et PHYsique des hétérostructures - IEMN (EPIPHY - IEMN), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Electronics and Applied Mathematics (ICTEAM), This work has been supported by FRFC Grants No. 2.4.546.08.F and No. 2.4503.12, FNRS Grant No. 1.5.044.07.F, by the FSR and ARC programs Stresstronics and NATURIST, by BELSPO (Interuniversity Attraction Pole IAP-6/42), and by the PNANO 2007 program of the ANR (MICATEC project). B.H. (research associate) and N.M. (FRIA fellowship) acknowledge financial support from the Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS of Belgium., Renatech Network, and ANR-07-NANO-0049,MICATEC,MICroscopie Avancée du Transport Electronique Cohérent(2007)
Subjects: [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Coulomb blockade, Quantum transport, Quantum Hall effect, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), FOS: Physical sciences, Aharonov-Bohm effect, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Integer quantum Hall effect, Quantum interference effects
Abstract: Coulomb diamonds are the archetypal signatures of Coulomb blockade, a well-known charging effect mainly observed in nanometer-sized "electronic islands" tunnel-coupled with charge reservoirs. Here, we identify apparent Coulomb diamond features in the scanning gate spectroscopy of a quantum point contact carved out of a semiconductor heterostructure, in the quantum Hall regime. Varying the scanning gate parameters and the magnetic field, the diamonds are found to smoothly evolve to checkerboard patterns. To explain this surprising behavior, we put forward a model which relies on the presence of a nanometer-sized Fabry-P\'erot quantum Hall interferometer at the center of the constriction with tunable tunneling paths coupling the central part of the interferometer to the quantum Hall channels running along the device edges. Both types of signatures, diamonds and checkerboards, and the observed transition, are reproduced by simply varying the interferometer size and the transmission probabilities at the tunneling paths. The new proposed interpretation of diamond phenomenology will likely lead to revisit previous data, and opens the way towards engineering more complex interferometric devices with nanoscale dimensions., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2022
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23. Deciphering the multiple effects of climate warming on the temporal shift of leaf unfolding

Author: Haicheng Zhang, Isabelle Chuine, Pierre Regnier, Philippe Ciais, Wenping Yuan, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Atmospheric Sciences [Zhuhai], Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), JCTD-2020-05, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020: 101003536, 776810, ESM2025, Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, FNRS, H.Z. and P.R. thank the Lateral-CNP project (no. 34823748) supported by Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreements nos. 776810 (VERIFY) and 101003536 (ESM2025—Earth System Models for the Future). W.Y. is funded by the CAS interdisciplinary team (no. JCTD-2020-05). We thank all members of the PEP725 network for collecting and providing phenological data., and European Project: 776810,H2020,H2020-SC5-2017-OneStageB,VERIFY(2018)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Phenology, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Climate-change impacts, Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract: International audience; Changes in winter and spring temperatures have been widely used to explain the diverse responses of spring phenology to climate change. However, few studies have quantified their respective effects. Using 386,320 in situ observations of leaf unfolding date (LUD) of six tree species in Europe, we show that accelerated spring thermal accumulation and changes in winter chilling explain, on average, 61% and 39%, respectively, of the advancement in LUD for the period 1951–2019. We find that winter warming may not have delayed bud dormancy release, but rather it has increased the thermal requirement in reaching leaf unfolding. This increase in thermal requirement and the decreased efficiency of spring warming for thermal accumulation partly explain the weakening response of leaf unfolding to warming. Our study stresses the need to better assess the antagonistic and heterogeneous effects of winter and spring warming on leaf phenology, which is key to projecting future vegetation–climate feedbacks.
Published: 2022
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24. The (Market) Value of State Honors

Author: Benveniste, Stéphane, Coulomb, Renaud, Sangnier, Marc, Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques (AMSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Melbourne, Université de Namur [Namur] (UNamur), Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek – Vlaanderen (FWO), Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique – FNRS under EOS Project O020918F (EOS ID 30784531), ANR-17-EURE-0020,AMSE (EUR),Aix-Marseille School of Economics(2017), and ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011)
Subjects: JEL: G - Financial Economics/G.G1 - General Financial Markets/G.G1.G14 - Information and Market Efficiency • Event Studies • Insider Trading, Awards, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making/D.D7.D72 - Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior, JEL: G - Financial Economics/G.G1 - General Financial Markets/G.G1.G18 - Government Policy and Regulation, State Honors, Symbolic Capital, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making/D.D7.D71 - Social Choice • Clubs • Committees • Associations, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Political Connections
Abstract: State awards to civilians are a widespread social phenomenon across space and time. This paper quantifies the impact of State awards given to Directors on the stock value of their firms. We link a comprehensive dataset of recipients of the Légion d'honneurthe most prestigious official award in France-over the 1995-2019 period to Board positions in French listed firms. We document large abnormal returns in the stocks of recipients' firms at the date of the award, suggesting that awards signal valuable access to policy-makers. This interpretation is corroborated by the absence of any market reaction for recipients who were already identified before award receipt as being close to the Government.
Published: 2022

25. Estimating the lateral transfer of organic carbon through the European river network using a land surface model

Author: Zhang, Haicheng, Lauerwald, Ronny, Regnier, Pierre, Ciais, Philippe, Van Oost, Kristof, Naipal, Victoria, Guenet, Bertrand, Yuan, Wenping, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Georges Lemaître for Earth and Climate Research [Louvain] (TECLIM), Earth and Life Institute [Louvain-La-Neuve] (ELI), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL)-Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), National Sun Yat-Sen University (NSYSU), Haicheng Zhang and Pierre Regnier acknowledge the 'Lateral-CNP' project (no. 34823748) supported by the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS) and the VERIFY project that received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 776810. Ronny Lauerwald and Philippe Ciais acknowledge funding by the French state aid managed by the ANR under the 'Investissements d'avenir' program (ANR-16-CONV-0003_Cland). Pierre Regnier received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 101003536 (ESM2025 – Earth System Models for the Future)., and ANR-16-CONV-0003,CLAND,CLAND : Changement climatique et usage des terres(2016)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: Lateral carbon transport from soils to the ocean through rivers has been acknowledged as a key component of the global carbon cycle, but it is still neglected in most global land surface models (LSMs). Fluvial transport of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and CO2 has been implemented in the ORCHIDEE LSM, while erosion-induced delivery of sediment and particulate organic carbon (POC) from land to river was implemented in another version of the model. Based on these two developments, we take the final step towards the full representation of biospheric carbon transport through the land–river continuum. The newly developed model, called ORCHIDEE-Clateral, simulates the complete lateral transport of water, sediment, POC, DOC, and CO2 from land to sea through the river network, the deposition of sediment and POC in the river channel and floodplains, and the decomposition of POC and DOC in transit. We parameterized and evaluated ORCHIDEE-Clateral using observation data in Europe. The model explains 94 %, 75 %, and 83 % of the spatial variations of observed riverine water discharges, bankfull water flows, and riverine sediment discharges in Europe, respectively. The simulated long-term average total organic carbon concentrations and DOC concentrations in river flows are comparable to the observations in major European rivers, although our model generally overestimates the seasonal variation of riverine organic carbon concentrations. Application of ORCHIDEE-Clateral for Europe reveals that the lateral carbon transfer affects land carbon dynamics in multiple ways, and omission of this process in LSMs may lead to an overestimation of 4.5 % in the simulated annual net terrestrial carbon uptake over Europe. Overall, this study presents a useful tool for simulating large-scale lateral carbon transfer and for predicting the feedbacks between lateral carbon transfer and future climate and land use changes.
Published: 2022
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26. Electronic transport through single-molecule oligophenyl-diethynyl junctions with direct gold-carbon bonds formed at low temperature

Author: Elke Scheer, Hassan Al Sabea, Gautam Mitra, Lucie Norel, Jérôme Cornil, Olivier Galangau, Stéphane Rigaut, Vincent Delmas, Karine Costuas, Universität Konstanz, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), University of Mons [Belgium] (UMONS), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG - German Research Foundation) German Research Foundation (DFG) [SFB767], French \'Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique\' (CNRS) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Rennes 1, National Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS, Belgium) Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, 'Grand equipement national de calcul intensif (GENCI)\' through CINES, IDRIS, TGCC [2020/2 021-A0080800649/A0100800649], Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, General Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, alkynyl-ended oligophenyl-diethynyl (OPA) single-molecule junctions, low temperature, break junction technique, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Photochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Molecule, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, ddc:530, General Materials Science, 0210 nano-technology, Carbon
Abstract: International audience; We report on the first systematic transport study of alkynyl-ended oligophenyl-diethynyl (OPA) single-molecule junctions with direct Au-C anchoring scheme at low temperature using the mechanically controlled break junction technique. Through quantitative statistical analysis of opening traces, conductance histograms and density functional theory studies, we identified different types of junctions, classified by their conductance and stretching behavior, for OPA molecules between Au electrodes with two to four phenyl rings. We performed inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy and observed the excitation of Au-C vibrational modes confirming the existence of Au-C bonds at low temperature and compared the stability of molecule junctions upon mechanical stretching. Our findings reveal the huge potential for future functional molecule transport studies at low temperature using alkynyl endgroups.
Published: 2022
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27. Assessing the professional social capital of psychiatrists: development of the Resource Generator for Psychiatrists (RG-Psy).

Author: Lagreula J, Lorant V, and Dalleur O
Abstract: Background: In the field of psychiatry, the dissemination of clinical innovations greatly depends on the social capital of clinicians. An instrument specifically aimed at measuring their professional social capital therefore needs to be developed., Methods: This survey was conducted to develop and validate the Resource Generator for Psychiatrists, an 11-item questionnaire measuring the social capital of psychiatrists. The online questionnaire was administered through a link sent by e-mail to all psychiatrists and residents in psychiatry licensed to work in Belgium, after excluding ineligible psychiatrists. A total of 1618 psychiatrists or residents were reached. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted. Internal consistency was assessed using Pearson's correlation, item-total correlation and Cronbach's alpha. Test-retest reliability was also measured. Multivariable linear regression analysis assessed the association between the total score of the social capital and psychiatrist demographics., Results: A total of 196 psychiatrists responded to the survey (response rate: 12.1%). The Resource Generator for Psychiatrists showed a normal distribution with a mean of 23.6 (SD = 15.5), good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.81) and a good total Cronbach's alpha (0.74). Exploratory factor analysis revealed two main subtypes in psychiatrists' social capital: "Resources for the clinician" and "Resources for the professional", with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.62 and 0.7 respectively. Clinicians attending institutional seminars (β = 5.52, SE = 2.2, p = .013) and working in multidisciplinary settings, such as hospitals (β = 4.75, SE = 2.06, p = .023) or a mobile team (β = 8.75, SE = 3.52, p = .014) were more likely to have higher social capital., Conclusion: Psychiatrists' access to professional resources can be reliably measured by using an 11-item questionnaire., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the ethics committee of Université Catholique de Louvain (No. 2022/08FEV/055) and performed in accordance with the Belgian privacy legislation of 30 July 2018 and with the European General Data Protection Regulation [GDPR] of 25 May 2018. Participation was voluntary, and each respondent provided informed consent before answering the questionnaire. Responses were anonymous. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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28. Correction: Implementations of sign- and goal-tracking behavior in humans: A scoping review.

Author: Heck M, Durieux N, Anselme P, and Quertemont E
Published: 2024
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29. Implementations of sign- and goal-tracking behavior in humans: A scoping review.

Author: Heck M, Durieux N, Anselme P, and Quertemont E
Abstract: Animal research has identified two major phenotypes in the tendency to attribute incentive salience to a reward-associated cue. Individuals called "sign-trackers" (STs) preferentially approach the cue, assigning both predictive and incentive values to it. In contrast, individuals called "goal-trackers" (GTs) preferentially approach the location of the upcoming reward, assigning only a predictive value to the cue. The ST/GT model has been shown to be relevant to understanding addiction vulnerability and other pathological behaviors in animals. Therefore, recent studies tried to implement this animal model in the human population. This scoping review aimed to identify and map evidence of human sign- and goal-tracking. Studies that explicitly measured human sign- and goal-tracking or related phenomena (e.g., attentional bias induced by reward-related cues), using paradigms in line with the animal model, were eligible for this review. We searched for published, unpublished, and gray literature (PhD theses, posters, conference papers) through the following databases: MEDLINE, Scopus, PsycINFO, Embase, OSF, and Google Scholar. The JBI scoping review methodology was adopted. Screening and extraction were carried out by three reviewers, in pairs. A total of 48 studies were identified. These studies used various experimental paradigms and used the term "sign-tracking" inconsistently, sometimes implicitly or not at all. We conclude that the literature on human sign-tracking is very heterogeneous on many levels. Overall, evidence supports the existence of sign- and goal-tracking behaviors in humans, although further validated research is crucially needed., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval: Not applicable. Consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article. Open practices statement: No data or materials are available for this article. The protocol of this scoping review was preregistered on the Open Science Framework, at the following link: https://osf.io/utfcq/ ., (© 2024. The Psychonomic Society, Inc.)
Published: 2024
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30. Diabetes and the risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality among older adults: an individual participant data analysis of five prospective studies.

Author: Aponte Ribero V, Efthimiou O, Abolhassani N, Alwan H, Bauer DC, Henrard S, Christiaens A, O'Mahony D, Knol W, Peters MJL, Chiolero A, Aujesky D, Waeber G, Rodondi N, Del Giovane C, and Gencer B
Abstract: Background: Guidelines and studies provide conflicting information on whether type 2 diabetes (T2D) should be considered a coronary heart disease risk (CHD) equivalent in older adults., Methods: We synthesized participant-level data on 82,723 individuals aged ≥65 years from five prospective studies in two-stage meta-analyses. We estimated multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of T2D (presence versus absence) on a primary composite outcome defined as cardiovascular events or all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were the components of the composite. We evaluated CHD risk equivalence by comparing outcomes between individuals with T2D but no CHD versus CHD but no T2D., Results: The median age of participants was 71 years, 20% had T2D and 17% had CHD at baseline. A total of 29,474 participants (36%) experienced the composite outcome. Baseline T2D was associated with higher risk of cardiovascular events or all-cause mortality versus no T2D (HR 1.44, 95% CI [1.40-1.49]). The association was weaker in individuals aged ≥75 years versus 65-74 years (HR 1.32 [1.19-1.46] vs. 1.56 [1.50-1.62]; p-value for interaction = .032). Compared to individuals with CHD but no T2D, individuals with T2D but no CHD had a similar risk of the composite outcome (HR 0.95 [0.85-1.07]), but a lower risk of cardiovascular events (HR 0.76 [0.59-0.98])., Conclusions: T2D was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in older adults, but T2D without CHD conferred lower risk of cardiovascular events compared to CHD without T2D. Our results suggest that T2D should not be considered a CHD risk equivalent in older adults., (© 2024 The Author(s). European Journal of Clinical Investigation published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Stichting European Society for Clinical Investigation Journal Foundation.)
Published: 2024
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31. Do early musical impairments predict later reading difficulties? A longitudinal study of pre-readers with and without familial risk for dyslexia.

Author: Couvignou M, Peyre H, Ramus F, and Kolinsky R
Subjects: Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Child, Male, Female, Risk Factors, Reading, Child, Preschool, Auditory Perception physiology, Dyslexia genetics, Dyslexia physiopathology, Music
Abstract: The present longitudinal study investigated the hypothesis that early musical skills (as measured by melodic and rhythmic perception and memory) predict later literacy development via a mediating effect of phonology. We examined 130 French-speaking children, 31 of whom with a familial risk for developmental dyslexia (DD). Their abilities in the three domains were assessed longitudinally with a comprehensive battery of behavioral tests in kindergarten, first grade, and second grade. Using a structural equation modeling approach, we examined potential longitudinal effects from music to literacy via phonology. We then investigated how familial risk for DD may influence these relationships by testing whether atypical music processing is a risk factor for DD. Results showed that children with a familial risk for DD consistently underperformed children without familial risk in music, phonology, and literacy. A small effect of musical ability on literacy via phonology was observed, but may have been induced by differences in stability across domains over time. Furthermore, early musical skills did not add significant predictive power to later literacy difficulties beyond phonological skills and family risk status. These findings are consistent with the idea that certain key auditory skills are shared between music and speech processing, and between DD and congenital amusia. However, they do not support the notion that music perception and memory skills can serve as a reliable early marker of DD, nor as a valuable target for reading remediation. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Music, phonology, and literacy skills of 130 children, 31 of whom with a familial risk for dyslexia, were examined longitudinally. Children with a familial risk for dyslexia consistently underperformed children without familial risk in musical, phonological, and literacy skills. Structural equation models showed a small effect of musical ability in kindergarten on literacy in second grade, via phonology in first grade. However, early musical skills did not add significant predictive power to later literacy difficulties beyond phonological skills and family risk status., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2024
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32. Barriers and Enablers for Deprescribing Glucose-Lowering Treatment in Older Adults: A Systematic Review.

Author: Mellot M, Jawal L, Morel T, Fournier JP, Tubach F, Cadwallader JS, Christiaens A, and Zerah L
Subjects: Humans, Aged, Educational Status, Glucose, Deprescriptions, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 drug therapy, Medicine
Abstract: Objectives: Overtreatment with glucose-lowering treatment (GLT) is frequent and a source of high morbidity and mortality in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to identify and synthesize barriers and enablers for deprescribing GLT in older adults (≥65 years) with T2DM., Design: Systematic review of qualitative and mixed-methods studies., Setting and Participants: Older adults with T2DM, any participants [patients, health care providers (HCPs), caregivers], any settings., Methods: Two researchers (and a referred third researcher at all stages) independently screened original articles reporting qualitative and mixed-methods studies exploring barriers and enablers for deprescribing GLT in older adults published during 2010-2023, identified from MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and gray literature. Quality of the included studies was assessed with the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool. Verbatim statements on barriers and enablers were extracted, and determinants of behaviors were identified with the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) version 2, and related intervention functions (targets for future interventions) were proposed according to the Behavior Change Wheel (BCW)., Results: We identified only 4 studies from 2 countries (United States and the Netherlands), all recently published (2019-2023), that primarily reported barriers to GLT deprescribing from interviews or focus groups of patients or HCPs practicing outpatient medicine. Knowledge, fear, poor communication, inertia, and trust with HCPs were the main determinants of behaviors that influenced deprescribing, and education, training, persuasion and environmental restructuring were the main intervention functions for proposing future interventions. Studies did not cover financial aspects, physician characteristics, or caregiver and family viewpoints., Conclusions and Implications: The use of a behavioral theory and a validated implementation framework provided a comprehensive approach to identifying barriers and enablers for deprescribing GLT in older adults (≥65 years) with T2DM. The behavioral determinants identified may be useful in tailoring interventions to improve the implementation of GLT deprescribing in older adults in ambulatory settings., Competing Interests: Disclosure The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 AMDA – The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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33. Prescribing and deprescribing trends in schizophrenia: An overview of inpatients in Belgium and in the Canadian province of Québec.

Author: Lagreula J, Dagenais-Beaulé V, de Timary P, Elens L, and Dalleur O
Subjects: Adult, Humans, Quebec, Belgium, Retrospective Studies, Inpatients, Canada, Schizophrenia drug therapy, Antipsychotic Agents adverse effects, Deprescriptions
Abstract: Although switching to antipsychotic monotherapy improves patient outcomes in schizophrenia, antipsychotic deprescribing is rarely performed, and its use varies between countries, as do psychotropic prescribing patterns. This study aimed to determine factors associated with antipsychotic deprescribing at discharge after a psychiatric hospitalization and to compare psychotropic prescribing patterns between Belgium and Québec, Canada. Data on adult inpatients with schizophrenia were collected retrospectively in seven hospitals. At discharge, the number of antipsychotics had decreased in 22.2% of the 63 Canadian patients and 9.9% of the 516 Belgian patients. A number of factors increased the likelihood of antipsychotic deprescribing: a hospitalization in the Canadian hospital (aOR = 4.13, 95% CI 1.48-11.5), living in a residential facility (aOR = 2.51, 95% CI 1.05-4.39), ≥2 previous antipsychotic trials (aOR = 15.38, 95% CI 3.62-65.36), having an antipsychotic side effect (aOR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.01-3.44) and being in a general hospital (aOR = 2.28, 95% CI 1.09-4.75). Patients on a long-acting injectable antipsychotic (aOR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.26-0.98), with prior clozapine use (aOR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.13-0.95), greater antipsychotic exposure (aOR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.2-0.61) and more hypno-sedatives (aOR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.43-0.98), were less likely to be deprescribed. Specific deprescribing interventions could target patients who are less likely to be deprescribed., (© 2023 Nordic Association for the Publication of BCPT (former Nordic Pharmacological Society). Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2023
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34. Do developmental dyslexia and congenital amusia share underlying impairments?

Author: Couvignou M, Tillmann B, Caclin A, and Kolinsky R
Abstract: Developmental dyslexia and congenital amusia have common characteristics. Yet, their possible association in some individuals has been addressed only scarcely. Recently, two converging studies reported a sizable comorbidity rate between these two neurodevelopmental disorders (Couvignou et al., Cognitive Neuropsychology 2019; Couvignou & Kolinsky, Neuropsychologia 2021). However, the reason for their association remains unclear. Here, we investigate the hypothesis of shared underlying impairments between dyslexia and amusia. Fifteen dyslexic children with amusia (DYS+A), 15 dyslexic children without amusia (DYS-A), and two groups of 25 typically developing children matched on either chronological age (CA) or reading level (RL) were assessed with a behavioral battery aiming to investigate phonological and pitch processing capacities at auditory memory, perceptual awareness, and attentional levels. Overall, our results suggest that poor auditory serial-order memory increases susceptibility to comorbidity between dyslexia and amusia and may play a role in the development of the comorbid phenotype. In contrast, the impairments observed in the DYS+A children for auditory item memory, perceptual awareness, and attention might be a consequence of their reduced reading experience combined with weaker musical skills. Comparing DYS+A and DYS-A children suggests that the latter are more resourceful and/or have more effective compensatory strategies, or that their phenotype results from a different developmental trajectory. We will discuss the relevance of these findings for delving into the etiology of these two developmental disorders and address their implications for future research and practice.
Published: 2023
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35. Genetic Architecture of Ischaemic Strokes after COVID-19 Shows Similarities with Large Vessel Strokes.

Author: Llucià-Carol L, Muiño E, Cullell N, Cárcel-Márquez J, Lledós M, Gallego-Fabrega C, Martin-Campos J, Martí-Fàbregas J, Aguilera-Simón A, Planas AM, DeDiego ML, de Felipe Mimbrera A, Masjuan J, García-Madrona S, Segura T, González-Villar E, Serrano-Heras G, Domínguez Mayoral A, Menéndez-Valladares P, Montaner J, Migeotte I, Rahmouni S, Darcis G, Bernardo D, Rojo S, Schulte EC, Protzer U, Fricke L, Winter C, Niemi MEK, Cordioli M, Delgado P, and Fernández-Cadenas I
Subjects: Humans, Arteries, Stroke complications, Stroke genetics, Brain Ischemia complications, Brain Ischemia genetics, COVID-19 complications, COVID-19 genetics, Ischemic Stroke genetics, Embolic Stroke, Atherosclerosis
Abstract: We aimed to analyse whether patients with ischaemic stroke (IS) occurring within eight days after the onset of COVID-19 (IS-COV) are associated with a specific aetiology of IS. We used SUPERGNOVA to identify genome regions that correlate between the IS-COV cohort (73 IS-COV cases vs. 701 population controls) and different aetiological subtypes. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for each subtype were generated and tested in the IS-COV cohort using PRSice-2 and PLINK to find genetic associations. Both analyses used the IS-COV cohort and GWAS from MEGASTROKE (67,162 stroke patients vs. 454,450 population controls), GIGASTROKE (110,182 vs. 1,503,898), and the NINDS Stroke Genetics Network (16,851 vs. 32,473). Three genomic regions were associated ( p -value < 0.05) with large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) and cardioembolic stroke (CES). We found four loci targeting the genes PITX2 (rs10033464, IS-COV beta = 0.04, p -value = 2.3 × 10 -2 , se = 0.02), previously associated with CES, HS6ST1 (rs4662630, IS-COV beta = -0.04, p -value = 1.3 × 10 -3 , se = 0.01), TMEM132E (rs12941838 IS-COV beta = 0.05, p -value = 3.6 × 10 -4 , se = 0.01), and RFFL (rs797989 IS-COV beta = 0.03, p -value = 1.0 × 10 -2 , se = 0.01). A statistically significant PRS was observed for LAA. Our results suggest that IS-COV cases are genetically similar to LAA and CES subtypes. Larger cohorts are needed to assess if the genetic factors in IS-COV cases are shared with the general population or specific to viral infection.
Published: 2023
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36. Review on the management of water quality for bio-mineral swimming pools in Western Europe.

Author: Mahy JG and Luizi F
Subjects: Water Quality, Environmental Monitoring, Disinfection, Europe, Escherichia coli, Water Microbiology, Swimming Pools, Disinfectants analysis
Abstract: In this review, we depict the state of the art concerning the water quality management of bio-mineral bathing pools, and compare these to traditional swimming pools. Bio-mineral pools use a combination of mechanic filtration, bio-filtration, and UV-treatment to disinfect the water. Studies in test tanks have shown that bio-filtration is effective in maintaining the water quality with regard to the treatment of organic pollution. Concerning biological risks, the bio-mineral pool relies on UV-treatment to degrade bacteria. Unlike chemical disinfectant treatments, UV disinfection does not lose its effectiveness in the event of high traffic in the pool. However, as only the water taken up by the filtration system is disinfected, it is essential that all the water in the pool is filtered. If the pool has a dead zone, its water is not disinfected and there is a risk of localized pathogen development. As the development of bio-mineral pools spreads in Europe, legislation gradually follows. The health parameters measured differ slightly from one country to another, but there are constants: the measurement of Escherichia coli, Enterococci, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In terms of biological swimming pools, regulatory homogeneity across Europe does not exist. From these comparisons, Austrian legislation segmenting water quality into 4 categories ranging from "excellent" to "poor" represents legislation that combines health and safety with indications of possible malfunctions. Next, a study of three real sites of bio-mineral pools is presented. It appears that whatever the type of pool, bio-mineral filtration makes it possible to achieve performances comparable to those encountered in chlorinated swimming pools concerning the risks associated with fecal contamination and external pollution. On the other hand, when frequentation is high, as is the case in small pools used for aquafitness, monitoring the risks of inter-bather contamination, as illustrated by the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, reveals a recurring problem. Knowing that this parameter is not evaluated in bathing waters in the natural environment and that numerous studies show that Staphyloccocus aureus are always detected, even on beaches, we propose the definition of three thresholds: i.e., 0 CFU/100 mL (threshold value in Wallonia) for water of excellent quality, less than 20 CFU/100 mL (threshold value in France) for water of very good quality, less than 50 CFU/100 mL (contribution of bathers by simple immersion) for good quality water, and more than 50 CFU/100 mL for poor quality water. This document could therefore be converted into a manual for operators on the use and management of bio-mineral baths., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)
Published: 2023
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37. Eye movements during reading in beginning and skilled readers: Impact of reading level or physiological maturation?

Author: Justino J and Kolinsky R
Subjects: Adult, Child, Humans, Adolescent, Young Adult, Language, Literacy, Learning, Eye Movements, Comprehension
Abstract: We begin by presenting and examining relevant data in the literature on eye movements in reading, from childhood to adulthood. In particular, we discuss the differences found in eye movements during reading between children in different age groups and with different reading levels and skilled adult readers in terms of word recognition and sentence processing. We then critically discuss two hypotheses that account for the differences between children and adults' eye movement during reading: one being reading age itself - the changes in eye movement patterns in reading are regulated by the level of reading proficiency and its automatization - and the other being the role of maturation of oculomotor control and, consequently, its possible changes in eye movement patterns during reading. Finally, we list gaps in the research field and suggest that future research will benefit from investigating eye movements during reading in ex-illiterate adults who are in the process of learning to read in order to isolate both reading and maturational factors., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
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38. Intergenerational coresidence and the Covid-19 pandemic in the United States.

Author: Pensieroso L, Sommacal A, and Spolverini G
Subjects: Humans, United States epidemiology, Family Characteristics, Pandemics, Intergenerational Relations, COVID-19 epidemiology
Abstract: This paper investigates the relation between intergenerational coresidence and mortality from Covid-19 in 2020. Using a cross-section of U.S. counties, we show that this association is positive, sizeable, significant, and robust to the inclusion of several demographic and socio-economic controls. Furthermore, using evidence from past, pre-pandemic years, we argue that this positive, sizeable and significant association is somewhat specific to the Covid-19 pandemic., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
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39. Cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in older adults: a combined protocol for an individual participant data analysis for risk prediction and a network meta-analysis of novel anti-diabetic drugs.

Author: Ribero VA, Alwan H, Efthimiou O, Abolhassani N, Bauer DC, Henrard S, Christiaens A, Waeber G, Rodondi N, Gencer B, and Del Giovane C
Abstract: Introduction: Older and multimorbid adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Estimating risk and preventing CVD is a challenge in this population notably because it is underrepresented in clinical trials. Our study aims to (1) assess if T2D and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are associated with the risk of CVD events and mortality in older adults, (2) develop a risk score for CVD events and mortality for older adults with T2D, (3) evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of novel antidiabetics., Methods and Analysis: For Aim 1, we will analyse individual participant data on individuals aged ≥65 years from five cohort studies: the Optimising Therapy to Prevent Avoidable Hospital Admissions in Multimorbid Older People study; the Cohorte Lausannoise study; the Health, Aging and Body Composition study; the Health and Retirement Study; and the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. We will fit flexible parametric survival models (FPSM) to assess the association of T2D and HbA1c with CVD events and mortality. For Aim 2, we will use data on individuals aged ≥65 years with T2D from the same cohorts to develop risk prediction models for CVD events and mortality using FPSM. We will assess model performance, perform internal-external cross validation, and derive a point-based risk score. For Aim 3, we will systematically search randomized controlled trials of novel antidiabetics. Network meta-analysis will be used to determine comparative efficacy in terms of CVD, CKD, and retinopathy outcomes, and safety of these drugs. Confidence in results will be judged using the CINeMA tool., Ethics and Dissemination: Aims 1 and 2 were approved by the local ethics committee (Kantonale Ethikkommission Bern); no approval is required for Aim 3. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented in scientific conferences.
Published: 2023
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40. Association between diabetes overtreatment in older multimorbid patients and clinical outcomes: an ancillary European multicentre study.

Author: Christiaens A, Baretella O, Del Giovane C, Rodondi N, Knol W, Peters M, Jennings E, O'Mahony D, Spinewine A, Boland B, and Henrard S
Subjects: Humans, Female, Aged, Male, Multimorbidity, Polypharmacy, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 complications, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 diagnosis, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 drug therapy, Hypoglycemia
Abstract: Background: Diabetes overtreatment is a frequent and severe issue in multimorbid older patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D)., Objective: This study aimed at assessing the association between diabetes overtreatment and 1-year functional decline, hospitalisation and mortality in older inpatients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy., Methods: Ancillary study of the European multicentre OPERAM project on multimorbid patients aged ≥70 years with T2D and glucose-lowering treatment (GLT). Diabetes overtreatment was defined according to the 2019 Endocrine Society guideline using HbA1c target range individualised according to the patient's overall health status and the use of GLT with a high risk of hypoglycaemia. Multivariable regressions were used to assess the association between diabetes overtreatment and the three outcomes., Results: Among the 490 patients with T2D on GLT (median age: 78 years; 38% female), 168 (34.3%) had diabetes overtreatment. In patients with diabetes overtreatment as compared with those not overtreated, there was no difference in functional decline (29.3% vs 38.0%, P = 0.088) nor hospitalisation rates (107.3 vs 125.8/100 p-y, P = 0.115) but there was a higher mortality rate (32.8 vs 21.4/100 p-y, P = 0.033). In multivariable analyses, diabetes overtreatment was not associated with functional decline nor hospitalisation (hazard ratio, HR [95%CI]: 0.80 [0.63; 1.02]) but was associated with a higher mortality rate (HR [95%CI]: 1.64 [1.06; 2.52])., Conclusions: Diabetes overtreatment was associated with a higher mortality rate but not with hospitalisation or functional decline. Interventional studies should be undertaken to test the effect of de-intensifying GLT on clinical outcomes in overtreated patients., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Geriatrics Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
Published: 2023
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41. Novel genes and sex differences in COVID-19 severity.

Author: Cruz R, Diz-de Almeida S, López de Heredia M, Quintela I, Ceballos FC, Pita G, Lorenzo-Salazar JM, González-Montelongo R, Gago-Domínguez M, Sevilla Porras M, Tenorio Castaño JA, Nevado J, Aguado JM, Aguilar C, Aguilera-Albesa S, Almadana V, Almoguera B, Alvarez N, Andreu-Bernabeu Á, Arana-Arri E, Arango C, Arranz MJ, Artiga MJ, Baptista-Rosas RC, Barreda-Sánchez M, Belhassen-Garcia M, Bezerra JF, Bezerra MAC, Boix-Palop L, Brion M, Brugada R, Bustos M, Calderón EJ, Carbonell C, Castano L, Castelao JE, Conde-Vicente R, Cordero-Lorenzana ML, Cortes-Sanchez JL, Corton M, Darnaude MT, De Martino-Rodríguez A, Del Campo-Pérez V, Diaz de Bustamante A, Domínguez-Garrido E, Luchessi AD, Eiros R, Estigarribia Sanabria GM, Carmen Fariñas M, Fernández-Robelo U, Fernández-Rodríguez A, Fernández-Villa T, Gil-Fournier B, Gómez-Arrue J, González Álvarez B, Gonzalez Bernaldo de Quirós F, González-Peñas J, Gutiérrez-Bautista JF, Herrero MJ, Herrero-Gonzalez A, Jimenez-Sousa MA, Lattig MC, Liger Borja A, Lopez-Rodriguez R, Mancebo E, Martín-López C, Martín V, Martinez-Nieto O, Martinez-Lopez I, Martinez-Resendez MF, Martinez-Perez A, Mazzeu JF, Merayo Macías E, Minguez P, Moreno Cuerda V, Silbiger VN, Oliveira SF, Ortega-Paino E, Parellada M, Paz-Artal E, Santos NPC, Pérez-Matute P, Perez P, Pérez-Tomás ME, Perucho T, Pinsach-Abuin ML, Pompa-Mera EN, Porras-Hurtado GL, Pujol A, Ramiro León S, Resino S, Fernandes MR, Rodríguez-Ruiz E, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Rodriguez-Garcia JA, Ruiz Cabello F, Ruiz-Hornillos J, Ryan P, Soria JM, Souto JC, Tamayo E, Tamayo-Velasco A, Taracido-Fernandez JC, Teper A, Torres-Tobar L, Urioste M, Valencia-Ramos J, Yáñez Z, Zarate R, Nakanishi T, Pigazzini S, Degenhardt F, Butler-Laporte G, Maya-Miles D, Bujanda L, Bouysran Y, Palom A, Ellinghaus D, Martínez-Bueno M, Rolker S, Amitrano S, Roade L, Fava F, Spinner CD, Prati D, Bernardo D, Garcia F, Darcis G, Fernández-Cadenas I, Holter JC, Banales JM, Frithiof R, Duga S, Asselta R, Pereira AC, Romero-Gómez M, Nafría-Jiménez B, Hov JR, Migeotte I, Renieri A, Planas AM, Ludwig KU, Buti M, Rahmouni S, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Schulte EC, Franke A, Karlsen TH, Valenti L, Zeberg H, Richards B, Ganna A, Boada M, de Rojas I, Ruiz A, Sánchez-Juan P, Real LM, Guillen-Navarro E, Ayuso C, González-Neira A, Riancho JA, Rojas-Martinez A, Flores C, Lapunzina P, and Carracedo A
Subjects: Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics, Sex Characteristics, Genetic Loci, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, COVID-19 genetics
Abstract: Here, we describe the results of a genome-wide study conducted in 11 939 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive cases with an extensive clinical information that were recruited from 34 hospitals across Spain (SCOURGE consortium). In sex-disaggregated genome-wide association studies for COVID-19 hospitalization, genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8) was crossed for variants in 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci only among males (P = 1.3 × 10-22 and P = 8.1 × 10-12, respectively), and for variants in 9q21.32 near TLE1 only among females (P = 4.4 × 10-8). In a second phase, results were combined with an independent Spanish cohort (1598 COVID-19 cases and 1068 population controls), revealing in the overall analysis two novel risk loci in 9p13.3 and 19q13.12, with fine-mapping prioritized variants functionally associated with AQP3 (P = 2.7 × 10-8) and ARHGAP33 (P = 1.3 × 10-8), respectively. The meta-analysis of both phases with four European studies stratified by sex from the Host Genetics Initiative (HGI) confirmed the association of the 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci predominantly in males and replicated a recently reported variant in 11p13 (ELF5, P = 4.1 × 10-8). Six of the COVID-19 HGI discovered loci were replicated and an HGI-based genetic risk score predicted the severity strata in SCOURGE. We also found more SNP-heritability and larger heritability differences by age (<60 or ≥60 years) among males than among females. Parallel genome-wide screening of inbreeding depression in SCOURGE also showed an effect of homozygosity in COVID-19 hospitalization and severity and this effect was stronger among older males. In summary, new candidate genes for COVID-19 severity and evidence supporting genetic disparities among sexes are provided., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press.)
Published: 2022
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42. Phonological and orthographic processing in basic literacy adults and dyslexic children.

Author: Kolinsky R and Tossonian M
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to examine the hypothesis that, compared to typically reading children matched on regular word reading, adults with basic literacy (either adult literacy students or adult basic education students) struggle on phonologically demanding tasks but are relatively performant on orthographic demanding tasks, and hence present a performance pattern similar to that of dyslexic children. Using various reading and phoneme awareness tests, we therefore compared the adults to both typically reading children from Grades 3 and 4 and dyslexic children, these two groups being matched to the adults on regular word reading. The dyslexic children were also compared to either chronological age- or reading level-matched children. The hypothesis was only partly supported by the data, as results depended on the subgroup of adults considered. While the literacy students presented poorer phoneme awareness and a somewhat stronger length effect in reading than the dyslexic children, the basic education students outperformed the latter on irregular word reading. The adults, and in particular the literacy students, also relied frequently on orthography in a complex phoneme awareness task. Taken together, these results suggest that adults with basic literacy rely more on visual memory than both dyslexic and typically reading children. This opens the question of whether the peculiar profile of these adults is intrinsic to adult literacy acquisition or is related to the way they are taught and trained to read and write. The results also highlight the need for better characterization of subgroups of adults with basic literacy., Competing Interests: Competing interestsThe authors declare no competing interests., (© The Author(s) 2022.)
Published: 2022
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43. Antipsychotic polypharmacy and clozapine prescribing patterns: evolution and correlates before and after a psychiatric hospitalisation.

Author: Lagreula J, de Timary P, Elens L, and Dalleur O
Abstract: Background: Antipsychotic polypharmacy (APP) prescribing and clozapine underuse are considered inappropriate prescribing in schizophrenia. Psychiatric hospitalisations may be suitable occasions to re-evaluate patient pharmacotherapy and to switch to monotherapy., Objectives: To explore the evolution of APP and other psychotropic prescribing patterns during psychiatric hospitalisations, to detect characteristics associated with APP on admission and at discharge, and to examine clozapine prescribing patterns., Design: We performed a retrospective observational study based on electronic health records., Methods: Data on adult inpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were collected retrospectively from 6 Belgian hospitals in 2020-2021., Results: Of the 516 patients included, APP prescribing increased significantly from 47.9% on hospital admission to 59.1% at discharge. On admission and at discharge, APP was associated with prior clozapine use (OR admission = 2.53, CI = 1.1-5.84, OR discharge = 11.01, CI = 4.45-27.28), treatment with a first-generation antipsychotic (OR admission = 26.79, CI = 13.08-54.86, OR discharge = 25.2, CI = 12.2-52.04), increased antipsychotic exposure (OR admission = 8.93, CI = 5.13-15.56, OR discharge = 19.89, CI = 10-39.54), and a greater number of hypno-sedatives (OR admission = 1.88, CI = 1.23-2.88, OR discharge = 4.18, CI = 2.53-6.91). APP was negatively associated with involuntary admission (OR admission = 0.31, CI = 0.14-0.7, OR discharge = 0.3, CI = 0.13-0.68). When using an alternative definition of monotherapy (i.e. including patients with an add-on low-dose antipsychotic for sleep disorders), alcohol use disorder (OR admission = 0.26, CI = 0.13-0.54) and higher age (OR discharge = 0.53, CI = 0.29-0.95) were negatively associated with APP, and living in a residential facility (OR discharge = 2.39 CI = 1.21-4.71) and a higher daily dosage of benzodiazepines during the stay (OR discharge = 1.32 CI = 1.03-1.69) increased the odds of being discharged on APP. On admission, 9.3% of patients were being treated with clozapine. Although 28.1% of patients were eligible for clozapine treatment, only 11% of patients were discharged with a clozapine prescription. For 7 of the 10 patients with a new clozapine prescription, it was directly prescribed in combination with another antipsychotic, without a prior trial of clozapine monotherapy., Conclusion: Suboptimal prescriptions of antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia persist after psychiatric hospitalisations and are associated with identifiable characteristics., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s), 2022.)
Published: 2022
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44. Implementation of fetal clinical exome sequencing: Comparing prospective and retrospective cohorts.

Author: Marangoni M, Smits G, Ceysens G, Costa E, Coulon R, Daelemans C, De Coninck C, Derisbourg S, Gajewska K, Garofalo G, Gounongbe C, Guizani M, Holoye A, Houba C, Makhoul J, Norgaard C, Regnard C, Romée S, Soto J, Stagel-Trabbia A, Van Rysselberge M, Vercoutere A, Zaytouni S, Bouri S, D'Haene N, D'Onle D, Dugauquier C, Racu ML, Rocq L, Segers V, Verocq C, Avni EF, Cassart M, Massez A, Blaumeiser B, Brischoux-Boucher E, Bulk S, De Ravel T, Debray G, Dimitrov B, Janssens S, Keymolen K, Laterre M, van Berkel K, Van Maldergem L, Vandernoot I, Vilain C, Donner C, Tecco L, Thomas D, Désir J, Abramowicz M, and Migeotte I
Subjects: Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone, Female, Fetus abnormalities, Fetus diagnostic imaging, Humans, Phosphoproteins, Pregnancy, Prenatal Diagnosis, Retrospective Studies, Exome Sequencing, Exome genetics, Ultrasonography, Prenatal
Abstract: Purpose: We compared the diagnostic yield of fetal clinical exome sequencing (fCES) in prospective and retrospective cohorts of pregnancies presenting with anomalies detected using ultrasound. We evaluated factors that led to a higher diagnostic efficiency, such as phenotypic category, clinical characterization, and variant analysis strategy., Methods: fCES was performed for 303 fetuses (183 ongoing and 120 ended pregnancies, in which chromosomal abnormalities had been excluded) using a trio/duo-based approach and a multistep variant analysis strategy., Results: fCES identified the underlying genetic cause in 13% (24/183) of prospective and 29% (35/120) of retrospective cases. In both cohorts, recessive heterozygous compound genotypes were not rare, and trio and simplex variant analysis strategies were complementary to achieve the highest possible diagnostic rate. Limited prenatal phenotypic information led to interpretation challenges. In 2 prospective cases, in-depth analysis allowed expansion of the spectrum of prenatal presentations for genetic syndromes associated with the SLC17A5 and CHAMP1 genes., Conclusion: fCES is diagnostically efficient in fetuses presenting with cerebral, skeletal, urinary, or multiple anomalies. The comparison between the 2 cohorts highlights the importance of providing detailed phenotypic information for better interpretation and prenatal reporting of genetic variants., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2022
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45. Enriching the knowledge of Ostia Antica painted fragments: a multi-methodological approach.

Author: Bracci S, Cantisani E, Conti C, Magrini D, Vettori S, Tomassini P, and Marano M
Subjects: Paint, Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, Paintings
Abstract: This paper presents the study of selected painted fragments from different contexts of Ostia Antica city, dating between 2nd century BCE and the end of the 1st century CE. The aim is to identify the raw materials used and to understand the execution techniques through a non-invasive protocol including techniques based either on multiband imaging (Visible-VIS, Ultraviolet induced Luminescence - UVL and Visible Induced Luminescence - VIL) and single spot analyses (Fiber Optic Reflectance Spectroscopy- FORS and portable X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometry - XRF). The most representative and interesting fragments were sampled for further studies with laboratory techniques such as optical microscopy (OM) and electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared and micro-Raman Spectroscopies (FT-IR and μRaman). The extensive use of non-invasive techniques, even working on fragments, is proved to be the most robust and effective approach enabling the analysis of a high number of areas, dramatically increasing the statistical meaning of the collected data. The elaboration of such a huge number of data allows highlighting differences and similarities, thus achieving a more realistic overview of the materials composition and addressing the sampling to the more significant and complex areas., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2022
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