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This research explores the concept of Worldwide one network (WON), a hypothetical ultra-large scale ad-hoc wireless network characterized by its non-hierarchical, open, scalable, homogeneous, and autopoiesis nature. The primary objectives are to address challenges in network formation, individual node unique addressing, and network management. This paper proposes a novel addressing mechanism named 'Cubid', which utilizes geo-coordinates as the primary identifier for network nodes with 1 m resolution and aims for at least 512 unique node addresses per cubic meter space on Earth. Unique three-dimensional address space, received signal strength based trilateration for network formation, address negotiation, and the use of Cubid as a MAC address to bypass traditional Layer 2–3 Internet Protocol activities are few of the differentiator aspects involved in this research work. Preliminary tests of this hypothetical network yield in practical viability of identifying network node's geographical coordinates with an accuracy of 3 m without GPS devices, and corresponding simulations results in an average frame delivery time of 27 ms over a 100-hop, varying hop length network path. These findings indicate that WON could serve as a viable alternative communication network, especially when substantial infrastructure-based networks, such as the Internet fails. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized healthcare by enabling remote patient monitoring systems. This system utilizes wearable sensors to collect vital signs such as heart rate, blood glucose level and body temperature. If the patient's temperature increases above 100 degrees Celsius then the alarm will be generated. The collected data is transmitted wirelessly to a secure cloud platform for real-time analysis and visualization. This allows Doctors to remotely monitor patients' health conditions, intervene promptly in case of emergencies, and improve overall care quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Technologica is the property of Green Engineering Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With technological advancements, domestic appliances are leveraging smart technologies for getting smarter through learning from their past usage to enhance user comfort and energy efficiency. Among these, ceiling fans, though widely used in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) in temperate regions, still lack a cohesive system integrating all necessary sensors with a machine learning-based system to optimize their operation for comfort and energy saving and to experimentally verify the performance under different usage scenarios that could transform a high-power-consuming device into an energy-efficient system. Therefore, the present research proposes an experimentally verified and energy-efficient Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT)-based system that could be retrofitted with regular DC ceiling fans. An Internet of Things (IoTs) circuit, equipped with an ESP8266 microcontroller, temperature, humidity, and motion sensors, was designed to communicate with a developed Android application and an online dashboard. A total of 123 ceiling fans with the designed IoTs circuit were deployed at various household locations for two years, with manual operations for the first year. In the next year, an auto mode based on the predictions of the machine learning model was introduced. The experimental outcomes showed that the fan with added smart features reduced the energy loss by almost 50% as compared to conventional AC ceiling fans. Consequently, the carbon footprint of the appliances is reduced significantly. A high user-rated acceptability of the system, examined through a standard measure, was also achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional infant monitoring systems are evolving into intelligent solutions, offering real-time notifications and automation to cater to the demands of multitasking parents. However, most IoT solutions in parental care focus solely on monitoring, lacking automatic smartphone control. In response to this gap, we developed an IoT-based system for automatic cradle monitoring. This system not only enables smartphone-based monitoring but also allows parents to control the cradle's swing speed and receive notifications through a mobile application. Our solution integrates PIR and sound sensors, an ESP8266 microcontroller, and a Wi-Fi module to create a robust monitoring system that tracks a baby's movements and sounds, sending instant notifications to the smartphone. The user can activate the system and adjust the cradle's motion using a slider based on sensor data. This IoT-enabled smart baby cradle enhances convenience and reduces parental stress, ensuring infant well-being and safety. A survey conducted among Universiti Teknologi MARA instructors revealed that 70% preferred automatic swing cradles over traditional ones, and 80% expressed the need for IoT integration in infant cradles, highlighting the growing demand for such advanced solutions.

Akses terhadap air bersih dan aman sangat penting untuk menjaga kehidupan, mendukung ekosistem, dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan manusia. Namun, sumber-sumber air di seluruh dunia semakin terancam oleh polusi, aktivitas industri, dan perubahan lingkungan. Pemantauan kualitas air secara real-time menjadi sangat penting untuk memastikan ketersediaan air minum yang aman dan melindungi lingkungan perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang alat yang mampu secara real-time memantau kondisi air di proyek WESLIC dengan menggunakan teknologi Internet of Things (IoT). Alat ini menggunakan sensor pH-4502C untuk mengukur tingkat keasaman dan kebasaan air, dan data kemudian dikirim ke platform Internet of Things (IoT) melalui perangkat ESP8266. Data ini dapat diakses melalui web atau smartphone. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sebuah alat yang mampu memantau nilai pH air menggunakan sensor pH-4502C dan menampilkan data melalui aplikasi Blynk. Hasil perbandingan antara nilai sensor pH meter analog dan pH meter digital menunjukkan perbedaan yang tidak signifikan. Analisis hasil pengujian menghasilkan rata-rata presentasi kesalahan sebesar 1,79%, dengan tingkat akurasi sensor pH sebesar 98,21%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa sensor pH berfungsi dengan baik dan dapat melakukan pemantauan melalui aplikasi Blynk, dengan mengirimkan pemberitahuan jika pH air berada di bawah 6 atau di atas 8. Hasil pemantauan dapat divisualisasikan melalui aplikasi Blynk pada smartphone

This research focuses on a comprehensive analysis of the energy efficiency of the Renesas DA16200 microcontroller. The investigation adopts a comparative approach, directly contrasting the power consumption of the DA16200 with the widely used ESP8266 controller under identical operating conditions. The primary metric employed to assess energy efficiency is average battery life. Additionally, a detailed examination of current consumption is conducted across various operational modes, encompassing active states like data exchange, reception, and transmission, as well as low-power sleep mode. This analysis extends beyond simply measuring peak current draw. Transient current profiles are captured, providing time-resolved insights into how current consumption fluctuates throughout different operational phases. This granular data enables a deeper understanding of the microcontrollers' energy utilization patterns. Furthermore, the research explores and evaluates techniques for minimizing energy consumption specifically in the ESP8266. These findings are then juxtaposed against the inherent energy-saving features of the DA16200 microcontroller. To facilitate a precise and verifiable comparison, a custom test bench accommodating both the DA16200 and ESP8266 is designed and implemented. This controlled environment ensures consistency in operating conditions and minimizes external variables that could influence the results. The culmination of this research is the presentation of a comprehensive analysis, detailing the comparative energy consumption profiles of the studied microcontrollers. This data forms the foundation for objectively evaluating their suitability for various low-power the Internet of Things applications.

Fire is a disaster whose arrival cannot be predicted or can occur at anytime and anywhere. The impact is in the form of material loss and loss of life, therefore, there is a need for early detection and early prevention of fire. Technological advances that can be used in early detection efforts are the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT can connect electronic devices that can connect via the internet so that they can quickly provide data and information. Fire incidents can occur in public places or in residential areas. Therefore, a tool was created which aims to be able to design and monitor a fire extinguishing system using telegram via NRF24L01, phototransistor sensor and MQ2 smoke sensor with relay driver output and DC pump via Arduino as well as LCD, buzzer and ESP2866. The fire extinguishing system method uses telegram via NRF24L01, phototransistor sensor and MQ2 smoke sensor with relay driver output and DC pump via Arduino. As well as LCD, buzzer and ESP2866 activated via Wi-Fi using condition output from the phototransistor sensor and MQ2 smoke sensor via NRF24L01 in the form of real-time data which is active and if the NRF24L01 receives data it will activate the relay driver to turn on and off the dc pump and buzzer, after which the data is sent to the Telegram application. After testing and analyzing the fire extinguishing system, it can be concluded that the fire extinguishing system has been able to work properly.

Copyright of Computer Measurement & Control is the property of Magazine Agency of Computer Measurement & Control and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research article introduces a microcontroller-based prototype system called the Battery Health Monitoring System (BHMS), designed to evaluate the health and condition of lead-acid batteries. The focus of the study is on utilizing the Internet of Things (IoT) for real-time battery monitoring. The system incorporates various sensors to track and record critical parameters such as current, voltage, power drain, state of charge (SOC), temperature, and overall battery health. These sensors are configured to trigger an alert when any monitored parameters fall below predefined values. The study aims to validate the effectiveness of the proposed low-cost system in real-time monitoring of lead-acid batteries.

Objectives. To identify the principles of creating digital twins of an operating technological unit along the example of the process of liquid-phase alkylation of benzene with propylene, and to establish the sequence of stages of formation of a digital twin, which can be applied to optimize oil and gas chemical production.Methods. The chemical and technological system consisting of reactor, mixer, heat exchangers, separator, rectification columns, and pump is considered as a complex high-level system. Data was acquired in order to describe the functioning of the isopropylbenzene production unit. The main parameters of the process were calculated by simulation modeling using UniSim® Design software. A neural network model was developed and trained. The influence of various factors of the reaction process of alkylation, separation of reaction products, and evaluation of economic factors providing market interest of the industrial process was also considered. The adequacy of calculations was determined by statistics methods. A microcontroller prototype of the process was created.Results. A predictive neural network model and its creation algorithm for the process of benzene alkylation was developed. This model can be loaded into a microcontroller to allow for real-time determination of the economic efficiency of plant operation and automated optimization depending on the following factors: composition of incoming raw materials; the technological mode of the plant; the temperature mode of the process; and the pressure in the reactor.Conclusions. The model of a complex chemicotechnological system of cumene production, created and calibrated on the basis of long-term industrial data and the results of calculations of the output parameters, enables the parameters of the technological process of alkylation to be calculated (yield of reaction products, energy costs, conditional profit at the output of finished products). During the development of a hardware-software prototype, adapted to the operation of the real plant, the principles and stages of creating a digital twin of the operating systems of chemical technology industries were identified and formulated.

The use of VR in technical education has several advantages. In a wide domain of digital electronics, the study outlines efforts done to use VR to engineering education. To conduct experiments in a digital lab, the section offers guided domain exploration. A.pk files are used to store the created virtual laboratory. E-Labs' project: Virtual reality (VR) technology is used to create the remote laboratory known as digital electronics. The E-labs are primarily designed for fundamental and general gates experiments in digital electronics. This E-labs has the extra benefit of having both hardware and software (Blended mode). The software component is carried out with the aid of the programme unity, which is typically used to create simulations and video games for computers, consoles, and mobile devices. A virtual 3D environment was created for this project using Unity. Additionally, Blender software and Tinkercad from Autodesk are used to create the models needed to construct a virtual 3D world. The hardware portion includes a number of parts, including an Arduino Uno, a Wi-Fi module (NodeMCU ESP8266), an LCD, ICs, LEDs, and a breadboard. The Wi-Fi model and LCD are both linked to the Arduino. To show the results of the research, we utilise LEDs. A Wi-Fi module is attached to the experiment section, which also contains ICs and LEDs. To see the virtual world, the user needs put on a VR headset.They may choose the needed experiment that they would want to carry out, and any modifications made to the virtual environment will also be mirrored in the physical system.When there is a pandemic and students are unable to undertake physical experiments at their schools or institutions, the E-labs are quite helpful.Additionally, these E-Labs will pique students' interests and foster their desire to study new things while enabling them to comprehend subjects at their own speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research article introduces a microcontroller-based prototype system called the Battery Health Monitoring System (BHMS), designed to evaluate the health and condition of lead-acid batteries. The focus of the study is on utilizing the Internet of Things (IoT) for real-time battery monitoring. The system incorporates various sensors to track and record critical parameters such as current, voltage, power drain, state of charge (SOC), temperature, and overall battery health. These sensors are configured to trigger an alert when any monitored parameters fall below predefined values. The study aims to validate the effectiveness of the proposed low-cost system in real-time monitoring of lead-acid batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal imaging technology has become increasingly popular for various applications, including industrial monitoring, building automation, and medical diagnostics. However, existing thermal imaging systems often come with high costs and limited connectivity options. In this paper, we propose a method to address these challenges by utilizing the ESP8266 microcontroller to create a thermal imaging system that can measure thermal pixel values, transfer the data wirelessly using the ESP8266’s networking capabilities and display the pixel data in real-time on a Thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal (TFT) display. The objective is to establish a seamless and real-time transfer of thermal images within a local network environment. User datagram protocol (UDP) supports transmission via broadcast and multicast, making it highly efficient for delivering data to multiple clients or devices on a network. It allows a single UDP packet to be simultaneously sent to multiple destinations, enhancing its effectiveness. This feature simplifies the implementation of network protocols and applications, reducing their overall complexity. UDP is particularly well-suited for devices with limited resources, such as microcontrollers or embedded systems, where memory and computing power are constrained. Experimental results demonstrate the successful transmission and display of thermal pixel data between the ESP8266 microcontrollers using the UDP protocol. The project utilizes the Arduino framework along with ESP8266WiFi and UDP libraries to enable network connectivity and UDP communication. The sender and receiver devices are connected to the same local network, guaranteeing efficient and low-latency transmission of thermal pixel data. The system achieves real-time communication within a radius of approximately 15–18 m, ensuring immediate visualization of thermal images on connected displays. By minimizing latency, the system enables a seamless and instantaneous viewing experience offering seamless and instantaneous image visualization for the users.Article highlights: • A proposed method that overcomes the challenges of high cost and limited connectivity issues of exiting thermal imaging system. • Arduino based framework along with ESP8266WiFi and UDP libraries to enable network connectivity and UDP communication. • Minimize latency, and seamless and instantaneous image visualization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greenhouses have long been important in the advancement of agricultural operations because they provide regulated settings for optimal plant growth. With the introduction of real-time monitoring and automation capabilities, the Internet of Things (IoT) integration into greenhouse systems represents a revolutionary change. This abstract delves into the wider field of greenhouse technology, highlighting the role that IoT plays in improving agricultural in controlled environments. Conventional greenhouses provide plants with a protected environment, but they might not be as accurate or flexible. Intelligent control of environmental conditions is made possible by the introduction of IoT-enabled greenhouses, which utilize data exchange protocols, actuators, and sensors that are networked. The project aims to elevate traditional greenhouse models by integrating Node-RED and MQTT technologies. Transitioning from a Blynk-based prototype showcases the system's versatility. Other key components, including NodeMCU, sensors for real-time data, and LED lighting, collaborate to redefine controlled environment agriculture. The Raspberry Pi serves as a central hub, facilitating seamless communication through Node-RED and MQTT. This advanced greenhouse system harmonizes cutting-edge technologies, showcasing a commitment to sophistication and adaptability in agricultural practices.

Abstract Thermal imaging technology has become increasingly popular for various applications, including industrial monitoring, building automation, and medical diagnostics. However, existing thermal imaging systems often come with high costs and limited connectivity options. In this paper, we propose a method to address these challenges by utilizing the ESP8266 microcontroller to create a thermal imaging system that can measure thermal pixel values, transfer the data wirelessly using the ESP8266’s networking capabilities and display the pixel data in real-time on a Thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal (TFT) display. The objective is to establish a seamless and real-time transfer of thermal images within a local network environment. User datagram protocol (UDP) supports transmission via broadcast and multicast, making it highly efficient for delivering data to multiple clients or devices on a network. It allows a single UDP packet to be simultaneously sent to multiple destinations, enhancing its effectiveness. This feature simplifies the implementation of network protocols and applications, reducing their overall complexity. UDP is particularly well-suited for devices with limited resources, such as microcontrollers or embedded systems, where memory and computing power are constrained. Experimental results demonstrate the successful transmission and display of thermal pixel data between the ESP8266 microcontrollers using the UDP protocol. The project utilizes the Arduino framework along with ESP8266WiFi and UDP libraries to enable network connectivity and UDP communication. The sender and receiver devices are connected to the same local network, guaranteeing efficient and low-latency transmission of thermal pixel data. The system achieves real-time communication within a radius of approximately 15–18 m, ensuring immediate visualization of thermal images on connected displays. By minimizing latency, the system enables a seamless and instantaneous viewing experience offering seamless and instantaneous image visualization for the users.

Kebugaran jasmani merupakan suatu bentuk kemampuan dengan menyesuaikan berat dari tubuh manusia yang harus dipenuhi seseorang agar dapat melakukan segala aktivitas atau kegiatan sehari-hari tanpa ada rasa lelah ataupun gangguan pada tubuh. Kebugaran jasmani juga dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kondisi kesehatan jantung dari berapa kali pengguna melakukan gerakan beserta BPM (Beat per Minutes). Dalam melatih kebugaran jasmani ini terdapat beberapa gerakan yang dapat dilakukan, dalam aplikasi monitoring ini menggunakan gerakan push-up, squat, jumping jacks. Terkadang orang lupa dalam menghitung berapa kali mereka telah melakukan gerakan-gerakan tersebut bahkan tidak tahu berapa detak jantung yang mereka dapatkan selama latihan kebugaran. Dengan hal inilah dibangun sistem monitoring untuk melacak pergerakan tubuh beserta kondisi kesehatan jantung dalam latihan kebugaran jasmani yang menggunakan basis IoT atau kepanjangan dari Internet of Things. Sistem ini menggunakan aplikasi android dengan dihubungkan pada perangkat IoT yang lalu dihubungkan melalui sebuah modul wifi yaitu ESP8266 untuk mengirimkan data ke aplikasi android. Dengan adanya aplikasi monitoring latihan kebugaran berbasis iot diharapkan dapat membantu, memudahkan, memotivasi dalam berolahraga

The increasing number of flights proves that the public believes air transportation is one of the most desirable. Of course, the operation of the claim baggage conveyor will increase along with the number of existing passenger luggage. For this reason, the operation of the baggage claim conveyor needs to be done with the help of technology. This research was conducted to assist the work of airline porters, including time and energy efficiency through technology. This tool uses the Arduino Uno microcontroller as the program processing centre. This system will work when the Infrared sensor detects baggage after an x-ray, so the conveyor will be activated automatically. After the conveyor runs, another Infrared sensor will see the baggage on the conveyor. The conveyor will stop automatically when the Infrared sensor does not detect any baggage for a particular time. This tool is equipped with a Push Button so that the baggage claim conveyor can be operated manually and an LCD to explain the instrument's condition and the amount of baggage available. The amount of luggage can be monitored periodically via a smartphone using the ESP8266 WiFi module.

Smart home manufacturers widely produce Wireless Lamp Socket and Power Plug devices, which offer various features ranging from basic on/off control to more complex functionalities such as monitoring energy consumption, power losses, and harmonics. However, these devices tend to be expensive, as indicated by market surveys. To address this issue, the current study aimed to develop low-cost wireless control nodes for smart homes that operate using relays. The two nodes consisted of lamp socket and power plug built with lowcost electronic components, including a Wi-Fi built-in Microcontroller ESP8266 (Wemos D1 mini model) as the backbone to create ESP-Mesh wireless network and to provide control ports for high/low logic, a relay module, an AC-to-DC converter module, and terminals (E27 screw for lamp socket node and C-type plug for the power plug node). This paper primarily focuses on the hardware aspects. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the nodes, the following tests are conducted: (1) product demonstration to assess the product functions, (2) power measurement in idle and active conditions, (3) ESP-Mesh connection testing, and (4) RSSI measurement. Functional testing is done using a smartphone with the UPISmartHome version 2.0 Android application, which successfully controlled the nodes wirelessly. In idle conditions, power plug and lamp socket nodes consume 426.36 mWatt and 418.275 mWatt of power, respectively. Further, in active conditions, power plug and lamp socket nodes consume 435.704 mWatt and 440.583 mWatt of power, respectively. RSSI testing results show that both nodes can be controlled within an optimal range of 60 meters (with reference to RSSI below -85 dBm) without the Internet, utilizing the ESP-Mesh feature of ESP8266. This range is deemed reasonable for smart homes of 21, 36, or 45 square meters. Both nodes could be controlled under the ESP-Mesh network that gets build. We also present the comparison with other products of competitors in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things science and technology, people's living standards are gradually improving, and the requirements for the living environment are also getting higher and higher, which makes smart homes gradually enter thousands of households. The purpose of this project is to design a system that integrates hardware and software and can measure and transmit various data. Among them, the hardware part includes data measurement and data display. The data measurement module consists of DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor, DSM501 particle number sensor and MQ3 alcohol concentration sensor. The experimental data will be displayed on the TFTLCD screen. The system software is partly run on the Windows operating system, using the Python language development. This system takes ESP8266 module as the transfer station, realizes the communication between STM32 development board and computer. The experiment shows that the system has the advantages of high measurement data accuracy, fast data refresh speed, complete data transmission, simple design, high reliability, easy installation, economical and practical, and has certain practical value in life, production, industry and other fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Home Automation Systems (HAS) are commonly controlled by smartphones and microcontrollers for convenience, efficiency, and security. It integrates smart devices, the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, and rule-based event processing to significantly impact the process of autonomous system development. IoT technology has made smart home applications popular for their access to a variety of data and services. Due to a shortage of current HAS functionality that supports the control of multiple aspects of a home, it is essential to provide an alternative design of HAS. In this paper, a prototype for a smart IoT-based HAS is proposed to control and monitor the parameters of home appliances. The proposed system integrates both IoT and cloud computing technologies to increase the system's performance. It uses Node MCU as a central controlling unit. The system integrates various smart devices, and security alarms, and operates in both manual and remote modes. Solid-state Relay is used to regulate load and switches, and the system includes an irrigation system that autonomously irrigates home gardens. The system can be controlled over IoT cloud service, and watering is made easier by setting parameter thresholds, minimizing water waste, and utilizing water as needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This project presents a design and prototype implementation of improved home automation system that uses WiFi technology as a network infrastructure connecting its parts. The proposed system consists of two main elements; the first element is the software element; the internet of things (IoT) which is the web server via Blynk Application), the system that monitors users’ dedicated appliances at home. Users and system administrator can locally (LAN) or remotely (internet) monitor the system. Second part is hardware interface module, which provides appropriate interface to sensors using Arduino UNO and acts as the actuator for the home automation system. The system is user-friendly since it can be managed and operated easily. The system has successfully operated as expected with the implementation of multiple sensors to actuate the system operation. The proposed system has the potential to be commercialized due to its low cost and simplicity to be ap-plied for home automation systems.

The Internet of Things has grown rapidly in recent years, and the technologies related to it have been widely used in various fields. The idea of this paper is to build a set of Internet of Things systems in a smart home wireless network environment, with the purpose of providing people with a more comfortable, convenient, and safe life. In the sensing layer of the Internet of Things, we discuss the uses of common sensing technologies on the Internet and combine these with Arduino microprocessors to integrate temperature sensing modules, humidity sensing modules, gas sensing modules, and particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) sensing modules. In the network layer, we discuss using the Wi-Fi wireless networking function composed of a home router and a wireless Wi-Fi chip Espressif system 8266 (ESP8266) to transmit the collected home-sensing data to the ThingSpeak cloud database. Finally, in the application layer part, the system uses a mobile device with fuzzy calculation optimization software. The system is also connected remotely for home environment monitoring, so the home environment can be optimized anytime, anywhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydroponic planting system is generally known to the public as a process of cultivating plants using water growing media. Cultivation of plants in the hydroponic system does not use large areas of land, as long as the nutrients needed by plants are met and they get enough sunlight for photosynthetic plants, then people can cultivate crops using hydroponic media and techniques. Hydroponic systems using DFT (Deep Flow Technique) are applied to agricultural systems with relatively fast harvest times and high quality requirements. The most important parameter in the hydroponic cultivation process is the availability of nutrients in portions that are appropriate to the age of the plants being cultivated. This research was carried out to design a DFT-based hydroponic system using a control system and the Internet of Things. By using this internet of things based hydroponic monitoring system, farmers can remotely monitor and control the nutrients in the hydroponics. By using a gadget or smartphone, farmers can monitor the movement of nutrients in the hydroponics, and then the Arduino UNO microcontroller, mini pump, TDS sensor (ESP8266), proximity sensor and camera will do their job as controllers for the nutritional value of dissolved solids (part per million). /ppm) automatically. The test results show the level of success of the control system on the pumps running successfully, namely according to the value, between 1050 ppm to 1400 ppm according to the needs of the water spinach cultivation process and sending TDS sensor data to Web Applications using the Rest API works well with sending data once every 60 seconds .

Dalam budidaya ikan lele ada beberapa faktor yang harus diperhatikan seperti suhu air dan kadar pH. Pengecekan kondisi air biasanya dilakukan secara tradisional secara rutin dengan memperhatikan warna air dan bau, tetapi pada metode tersebut masih terdapat kekurangan untuk akurasi dan efisien waktu. Perkembangan teknologi sekarang juga sudah semakin meningkat, salah satunya yaitu teknologi Internet of Things (IoT) yang sudah banyak diimplementasikan dikehidupan sehari-hari. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini akan merancang sebuah alat yang berfungsi untuk memantau dan mengontrol kualitas suhu dan pH air kolam ikan lele. Sistem ini menggunakan sebuah alat monitoring, aplikasi android dan database menggunakan Google Firebase. Beberapa fitur yang dapat digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sensor pendeteksi suhu, sensor pendeteksi pH, pengontrolan heater dan pompa air. Akurasi sensor DS18B20 pada air es sebesar 99,36%, pada air kran sebesar 97,29% dan pada air panas sebesar 97,29%. Lalu akurasi pada sensor pH larutan buffer 4,00 sebesar 95,50% dan larutan buffer 6,86 sebesar 96,50%. Selain fitur sensor suhu dan sensor pH terdapat pompa air dan heater yang berfungsi untuk mengontrol kondisi air secara otomatis apabila nilai kondisi air melewati batas wajar bagi pertumbuhan lele tersebut, air dapat dikuras dan diganti air secara otomatis apabila kondisi air melewati batas wajar, dan heater akan menyala secara otomatis jika kondisi air melewati batas wajar bagi pertumbuhan lele. Tingkat keberhasilan yang didapatkan pada pengujian keseluruhan ini yaitu mendapatkan waktu yang cukup baik untuk kembali normal dengan kondisi lele yang cukup baik, karena pada kolam yang memiliki ukuran 60cm x 42cm x 34cm membutuhkan waktu tidak lebih dari 1 jam untuk kembali normal dan Firebase sebesar 100%.