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Melanoma is the deadliest type of skin cancer, having a high mortality rate. This cancer has an aggressive nature, is highly invasive, and has the tendency to metastasize. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are essential in that process, especially MMP2 and MMP9. Their expression is upregulated during metastasis progression. Myristicin is one example of a compound that can be utilized to target MMP 2 and MMP 9 in melanoma. This research concerns the activity of myristicin to inhibit melanoma cell invasion and migration by suppressing MMP2 and MMP9 gene expression. The MTT assay in this study demonstrated that myristicin exhibited strong cytotoxic activity against melanoma cells. This compound works in a dose-dependent manner by inhibiting cell migration and invasion. The invasion test was performed using the transwell assay, whereas the migration test was performed using the wound healing assay. The invasion assay results were consistent with MMP2 and MMP9 gene expression. These two genes were analyzed using the RT-qPCR technique. It has been demonstrated that low gene expression in melanoma cells inhibits cell invasion. In contrast, higher MMP2 and MMP9 gene expression was associated with an increase in the number of invasive cells on average. However, MMP2 and MMP9 in excessive expression and uncontrolled activity impair the ability of melanoma cells to form a monolayer sheet to cover wound gaps. This condition significantly reduced the migration rate and percentage of wound closure.

The article describes economic insecurity that occurs in a time of uncertainty and affects human development and social well-being. The authors defined indicators to analyze, identified and justified the vector of state policy, and studied the socio-economic issues of territorial development as a source of risks. The dataunder analysis were obtained from public sources, systematized, and subjected to economic analysis using the methods of absolute, relative, and mean values, as well as graphical and logical methods. The period under study covered 2018–2022, which made it possible to assess the impact of the uncertainty caused by the COVID 19 pandemic on the Russian federal districts by analyzing indicators of economic security. The research revealed economic and social risks, as well as the state policy in leveling them across the country. The pandemic triggered economic uncertainty, which destabilized the social well-being and development opportunities of the population in the regions. The current state policy provides long-term transformations and allows the population to adapt to changes.

Mandelstam's poem "With a thin Gillette plate ..." has rarely been subjected to detailed analysis and still contains riddles, the possibility of variable interpretations. This concerns the subtext, the system of images, the intertextual structure, the poetics of the lyrical landscape. In particular, the important components for understanding this text are the connection with traditional culture, the specifics of the "tree" and "river" figurative codes, the relationship of the landscape with other semantic layers, the forms of the presence of the lyrical subject. The image of the half-blood Don, the main mystery of the poem, is of the particular interest. A consistent analysis of stanzas in a system of different contexts allows us to get closer to understanding the symbolism of the poem.

The green synthesis method is an economical and eco-friendly approach to synthesizing materials. This study effectively synthesized magnetic NiFe2O4 by Artocarpus altilis extract leave for the photocatalytic degradation of Methylene blue dye and exhibited antibacterial properties. The phytochemical compounds found in plants act as agents for reducing and stabilizing NiFe2O4. The synthesized NiFe2O4 was examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The variables in degradation include solution pH, dye concentration, catalyst dose, and irradiation time. The synthesized NiFe2O4 has a 12.4 nm crystallite size, a saturation magnetization (Ms) of 44.56 emu/g, and a band gap of 1.68 eV. The degradation efficiency of methylene blue dye was 98.2% under the following conditions: a solution pH of 10, a concentration of 10 mg/L, a dose of 0.1 g/L, and an irradiation time of 90 min. The degradation mechanism of Methylene blue dye may be accurately described by pseudo-first-order kinetics, with a kapp value of 0.0443 min-1. NiFe2O4 has high stability; after five degradation cycles, the degradation efficiency decreased by 4.45%. Additionally, NiFe2O4 demonstrates significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria.

Abstract Background Over the past 20 years, Jewish and Bedouin civilians in southern Israel have faced the ongoing threat of missile attacks from Gaza, with possible mental health consequences. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Jewish and Bedouin adult civilians in southern Israel in a period with few missile attacks from Gaza, and no military operations. Methods The study population included 389 participants (246 Jews, 143 Bedouins) living within 40 km/25 mi from Gaza for at least 2 years and interviewed between January and March 2023 (before the ongoing war that started on October 7th, 2023). The PTSD Checklist (PCL-5) was used, with a score of 33 as a cutoff point for the presence of PTSD. Results Compared to Jews, a significantly lower proportion of Bedouins reported accessibility to bomb shelters and siren warning systems. Overall, 20.3% of the respondents exhibited PTSD. Multivariate analysis revealed that after adjustment for demographic and household characteristics, Bedouins had a six-fold significantly higher probability of PTSD in comparison to Jews (OR 5.6, 95%CI 2.8–10.8). Compared to participants with high socioeconomic status (SES), participants with low SES had a six-fold significantly higher probability of PTSD (OR 6.0, 95%CI 2.2–16.5). Participants who did not have an alarm system had more than two-fold odds for PTSD (OR 2.3, 95%CI 1.1–5.5). Being single, living in urban areas, or having a disability significantly increased the probability of PTSD. Conclusions The findings of this study demonstrate a significantly higher prevalence of PTSD among the Bedouin population of Southern Israel. Several sociodemographic characteristics were associated with the increased prevalence of PTSD, the most prominent of which was low SES. Healthcare professionals and authorities should be proactive in screening for PTSD, and provide tailored treatment and support, taking into account ethnical and cultural background. Authorities should address the disparity in bomb shelter access and siren warning coverage between Bedouin and Jewish communities.

The Project to Strengthen the Profile of Pancasila Students (P5) is an effort to translate the goals of national education into six dimensions, namely: 1) faith, devotion to God Almighty, and noble character, 2) independence, 3) cooperation, 4) global diversity, 5) critical thinking, and 6) creativity. This research aims to determine the implementation of P5 in Sekolah Penggerak Samarinda. Qualitative methods were used by conducting interviews with principals, teachers, and P5 project leaders in 5 Sekolah Penggerak. The research findings show that P5 has been implemented in Sekolah Penggerak with different themes and patterns. Common themes include local wisdom, entrepreneurship, and sustainable lifestyles. The implementation of P5 still does not follow the implementation stages according to the P5 guidelines and is implemented with different patterns integrated with and outside of learning. Evaluating continues to focus on assessing the final product rather than the working process.

Human capital is widely regarded as a fundamental driver of economic growth, at least in the innovative and knowledge-based economy. However, the empirical evidence linking human capital with economic outcomes has been problematic both at macroeconomic and microeconomic levels. The estimates obtained in this study, based on RLMS data, show that the conditional probability of a worsening financial situation for people with higher education increased significantly in 2020 and 2022 compared to 2019. Using logit analysis, we calculated the odds ratios for worsening finances for three groups: currently employed versus not employed, reported poor health versus good health, and with tertiary education versus no tertiary education. Individuals with poor health are 20 % more likely to experience a decline in income than those in good health, but worryingly, after 2020 those with tertiary education are also about 1.2 times more likely to experience a decline in income than those with secondary education or less. It does not cast doubt on the positive impact of human capital on the knowledge-based economy. But it raises the question to what extent the characteristics of the knowledge-based economy are maintained during crises. The other question is the extent to which tertiary education today meets the expectations of the labour market and whether the education system has the foresight to ensure a high return on investment in human capital.

Instagram, as one of the most popular social media sites, has brought many new trends. Many people use Instagram to express themselves or share content through photos and videos. While social media data privacy is important, many people still share their daily activities and personal data. This causes a lot of personal information disclosure, which can lead to the potential for crime or misuse of the scattered data, considering that data is crucial today. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine people's social media data privacy and security awareness on Instagram, especially those with a data-related educational background. This research uses quantitative descriptive methods, distributing questionnaires through Google Forms in group chats, personal chats, or questionnaires to respondents directly. The population in this study is made up of students with a computing program background. It also used purposive sampling to determine the number of 153 samples. From the descriptive analysis, it is known that most respondents are aware of the vulnerability of social media data privacy on Instagram. This can be seen from respondents who know what data is used by Instagram, where they also monitor login activity. Respondents also secure their Instagram accounts by not using the same password as other social media accounts. However, in certain cases, some respondents still need to realize this awareness, so education is still needed regarding the importance of social media data privacy, especially on Instagram. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2024-05-02-015 Full Text: PDF

Objective Mixed‐methods research is valuable in health care to gain insights into patient perceptions. However, analyzing textual data from interviews can be time‐consuming and require multiple analysts for investigator triangulation. This study aims to explore a novel approach to investigator triangulation in mixed‐methods research by employing a large language model (LLM) for analyzing data from patient interviews. Methods This study compared the thematic analysis and survey generation performed by human investigators and ChatGPT‐4, which uses GPT‐4 as its backbone model, using data from an existing study that explored patient perceptions of barriers to arthroplasty. The human‐ and ChatGPT‐4–generated themes and surveys were compared and evaluated based on their representation of salient themes from a predetermined topic guide. Results ChatGPT‐4 generated analogous dominant themes and a comprehensive corresponding survey as the human investigators but in significantly less time. The survey questions generated by ChatGPT‐4 were less precise than those developed by human investigators. The mixed‐methods flowchart proposes integrating LLMs and human investigators as a supplementary tool for the preliminary thematic analysis of qualitative data and survey generation. Conclusion By utilizing a combination of LLMs and human investigators through investigator triangulation, researchers may be able to conduct more efficient mixed‐methods research to better understand patient perspectives. Ethical and qualitative implications of using LLMs should be considered.

Objective: This study aims to develop and validate the Futile Recanalization Prediction Score (FRPS), a novel tool designed to predict the severity risk of FR and aid in pre- and post-EVT risk assessments. Methods: The FRPS was developed using a rigorous process involving the selection of predictor variables based on clinical relevance and potential impact. Initial equations were derived from previous meta-analyses and refined using various statistical techniques. We employed machine learning algorithms, specifically random forest regression, to capture nonlinear relationships and enhance model performance. Cross-validation with five folds was used to assess generalizability and model fit. Results: The final FRPS model included variables such as age, sex, atrial fibrillation (AF), hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperlipidemia, cognitive impairment, pre-stroke modified Rankin Scale (mRS), systolic blood pressure (SBP), onset-to-puncture time, sICH, and NIHSS score. The random forest model achieved a mean R-squared value of approximately 0.992. Severity ranges for FRPS scores were defined as mild (FRPS < 66), moderate (FRPS 66–80), and severe (FRPS > 80). Conclusions: The FRPS provides valuable insights for treatment planning and patient management by predicting the severity risk of FR. This tool may improve the identification of candidates most likely to benefit from EVT and enhance prognostic accuracy post-EVT. Further clinical validation in diverse settings is warranted to assess its effectiveness and reliability.

Background: Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is a contagious illness affecting diverse age groups, including toddlers, and is among the top ten reasons for Community Health Center visits. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the influence of dominant risk factors on the incidence of ARI in toddlers. Methods: This study used an observational, analytic-cross sectional approach, at Puskesmas Kampung Lalang, Medan, in 2023. The total population was 394 toddlers (aged 0-59 months). In the determination of the number of samples using the sample size estimation formula, 198 samples were obtained by purposive sampling. Data analysis used Chi-Square test and Multiple Logistic Regression Enter Methods, with a significance level of 95%. Results: The results showed that the variables of Vitamin A administration (OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.10-0.77) and immunization status (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.14-0.93) were associated with a decreased risk of ARI in toddlers. In contrast, exclusive breastfeeding (OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.11-5.01) was associated with increased risk, while the physical environment of the house (OR = 2.92, 95% CI: 1.28-6.64) was associated with increased risk of ARI. Conclusion: Vitamin A administration and immunization reduce the risk of respiratory tract infection among under-fives at Puskesmas Kampung Lalang. Exclusive breastfeeding and home conditions increased the same risk. Improving these risk factors is essential to reduce the prevalence of childhood respiratory infections in the area.

Abstract Background During the past two decades, there have been many changes in automotive and medical technologies, road infrastructure, trauma systems, and demographic changes which may have influenced injury outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine injury trends among traffic casualties, specifically private car occupants, hospitalized in Level I Trauma Centers (TC). Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed based on data from the Israel National Trauma Registry. The data included occupants of private cars hospitalized in all six Level I TC due to a traffic collision related injury between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2019. Demographic, injury and hospitalization characteristics and in-hospital mortality were analyzed. Chi-squared (X 2 ) test, multivariable logistic regression models and Spearman’s rank correlation were used to analyze injury data and trends. Results During the study period, 21,173 private car occupants (14,078 drivers, 4,527 front passengers, and 2,568 rear passengers) were hospitalized due to a traffic crash. The percentage of females hospitalized due to a car crash increased from 37.7% in 1998 to 53.7% in 2019. Over a twofold increase in hospitalizations among older adult drivers (ages 65+) was observed, from 6.5% in 1998 to 15.7% in 2018 and 12.6% in 2019. While no increase was observed for severe traumatic brain injury, a statistically significant increase in severe abdominal and thoracic injuries was observed among the non-Jewish population along with a constant decrease in in-hospital mortality. Conclusions This study provides interesting findings regarding injury and demographic trends among car occupants during the past two decades. Mortality among private car occupant casualties decreased during the study period, however an increase in serious abdominal and thoracic injuries was identified. The results should be used to design and implement policies and interventions for reducing injury and disability among car occupants.

Abstract Crohn disease (CD) burden has increased with globalization/urbanization, and the rapid rise is attributed to environmental changes rather than genetic drift. The Study Of Urban and Rural CD Evolution (SOURCE, n = 380) has considered diet-omics domains simultaneously to detect complex interactions and identify potential beneficial and pathogenic factors linked with rural-urban transition and CD. We characterize exposures, diet, ileal transcriptomics, metabolomics, and microbiome in newly diagnosed CD patients and controls in rural and urban China and Israel. We show that time spent by rural residents in urban environments is linked with changes in gut microbial composition and metabolomics, which mirror those seen in CD. Ileal transcriptomics highlights personal metabolic and immune gene expression modules, that are directly linked to potential protective dietary exposures (coffee, manganese, vitamin D), fecal metabolites, and the microbiome. Bacteria-associated metabolites are primarily linked with host immune modules, whereas diet-linked metabolites are associated with host epithelial metabolic functions.

Abstract Background Despite several incremental improvements in the management of tuberculous meningitis (TBM), the mortality rates remain high. In spite of national and international guidelines, variation in the choice, dose, and duration of drugs exist between countries and clinicians. We propose to evaluate a shorter and more effective regimen containing agents with augmented intracerebral drug exposure and anti-inflammatory approaches to improve disability-free survival among patients with TBM. Our strategy incorporates the various developments in the field of TBM over the last two decades and only few trials have evaluated a composite of these strategies in the overall outcomes of TBM. Methods An open label, parallel arms, randomized controlled superiority trial will be conducted among 372 participants across 6 sites in India. Eligible participants will be randomly allocated in 1:1:1 ratio into one of the three arms. The intervention arm consists of 2 months of high-dose rifampicin (25 mg/kg), moxifloxacin (400 mg), pyrazinamide, isoniazid, aspirin (150 mg), and steroids followed by rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide for 4 months. The second intervention arm includes all the drugs as per the first arm except aspirin and the patients in the control arm will receive treatment according to the National TB Elimination Program guidelines. All participants will be followed up for 1 year after the treatment. Discussion Current WHO regimens have agents with poor central nervous system drug exposure and is too long. It does not reflect the accumulating evidence in the field. We propose a comprehensive clinical trial incorporating the emerging evidence accrued over the last two decades to shorten the duration and improve the treatment outcomes. This multi-centric trial may generate crucial evidence with policy and practice implications in the treatment of TBM. Trial registration Clinical Trial Registry India CTRI/2023/05/053314. Registered on 31 May 2023 ( https://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?EncHid=ODYzMzg=&Enc=&userName=CTRI/2023/05/053314 ). ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05917340. Registered on 6 August 2023 ( https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05917340 ). Protocol version Version 1.3 dated 12 July 2023.

Computer-based learning has gained popularity in recent years, providing learners greater flexibility and freedom. However, these learning environments do not consider the learner’s mental state in real-time, resulting in less optimized learning experiences. This research aimed to explore the effect on the learning experience of a novel EEG-based Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) that adjusts the speed of information presentation in real-time during a learning task according to the learner’s cognitive load. We also explored how motivation moderated these effects. In accordance with three experimental groups (non-adaptive, adaptive, and adaptive with motivation), participants performed a calibration task (n-back), followed by a memory-based learning task concerning astrological constellations. Learning gains were assessed based on performance on the learning task. Self-perceived mental workload, cognitive absorption and satisfaction were assessed using a post-test questionnaire. Between-group analyses using Mann–Whitney tests suggested that combining BCI and motivational factors led to more significant learning gains and an improved learning experience. No significant difference existed between the BCI without motivational factor and regular non-adaptive interface for overall learning gains, self-perceived mental workload, and cognitive absorption. However, participants who undertook the experiment with an imposed learning pace reported higher overall satisfaction with their learning experience and a higher level of temporal stress. Our findings suggest BCI’s potential applicability and feasibility in improving memorization-based learning experiences. Further work should seek to optimize the BCI adaptive index and explore generalizability to other learning contexts.

Research into digital platforms has become increasingly difficult. One way to overcome these difficulties is to build on data access rights in EU data protection law, which requires platforms to offer users a copy of their data. In data donation studies, researchers ask study participants to exercise this right and donate their data to science. However, there is increasing evidence that platforms do not comply with designated laws. We first discuss the obligations of data access from a legal perspective (with accessible, transparent, and complete data as key requirements). Next, we compile experiences from social scientists engaging in data donation projects as well as a study on data request/access. We identify 14 key challenges, most of which are a consequence of non-compliance by platforms. They include platforms’ insufficient adherence to (a) providing data in a concise and easily accessible form (e.g. the lack of information on when and how subjects can access their data); (b) being transparent about the content of their data (e.g. the lack of information on measures); and (c) providing complete data (e.g. the lack of all available information platforms process related to platform users). Finally, we formulate four central recommendations for improving the right to access.

Background: Children with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) present with diagnostic challenges as they often have atypical clinical features. Objective: To describe the baseline characteristic features of children diagnosed with central nervous system (CNS) TB (TBM and tuberculoma). Design: Retrospective descriptive study. Methods: Children less than 12 years presenting with neurological signs and symptoms were assessed for a therapeutic TBM trial eligibility. The results of their clinical, laboratory, neuroimaging, cerebrospinal fluid evaluations were analysed for TBM diagnosis. Results: Of 600 children evaluated, 61(10%) had CNS tuberculosis; TBM 47, tuberculoma 14. 20(33%) had definite TBM. Mean age of children with TBM was 5 ± 3.4 years. Of 47, 13(28%), 21(45%) and 13(28%) had grade I, II, and III disease respectively. Abnormalities suggestive of TBM in MRI and computed tomography brain were observed in 76% (26/34) and 77% (24/31) respectively. Abnormal cerebrospinal fluid white blood cell count, protein and glucose were observed in 56% (24/43), 49% (22/45), 47% (21/45) respectively. Among 41 patients with TBM followed up until discharge, five died. Conclusion: Younger children with TBM have severe forms. Confirmatory results may not be available in all. A holistic approach to care including addressing complications of hydrocephalus and strokes is needed.

Three-dimensional (3D) culture is a technique commonly utilized in bioprocessing and biomedical research. Exosomes have been investigated as carriers for medications in numerous studies employing 3D culture methodologies. The objective of this research is to employ 3D cell culture for the isolation and treatment of exosomes targeting colon cancer cells. The isolation of exosomes obtained from HEK293 cells was conducted through the ultracentrifugation technique. Subsequently, exosome treatment was administered to WiDr cells at concentrations of 3.5 µg/ml, 7 µg/ml, and 14 µg/ml.The validation of molecular markers of exosomes (CD9 and CD81), along with BAX, BCL-2, and CD133, was performed using qRT-PCR. The findings revealed the successful isolation of exosomes derived from HEK293 cells, which exhibited the expression of markers CD9 and CD81. Furthermore, the expression of BAX and BCL-2 indicated the potential of exosomes to induce apoptosis, while the expression level of CD133 decreased with treatment at varying concentrations. These results suggest that exosome treatment has the capability to impede the proliferation of WiDr cells and reduce the expression of CD133, thereby signifying the potential application of exosomes as an in-vitro model for investigating cancer therapy in the future.

The fossil-diagenetic characteristics, such as mineralogical aspects present in the ribs of Catonyx cuvieri (Lund, 1839) (Mammalia, Xenarthra), were analyzed in this work. These analyzed remains come from the Risso Cave, San Lazaro's District, Concepción Department, Paraguay. The vibrational response was studied using Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and the mineralogy and elemental compositions were examined using multiple characterizations techniques. The main functional groups belong to the mineral part of the bone, and specific functional groups were associated with organic components. The characterization indicated that material was composed of apatites and the original mineral structure was affected by partial ionic substitutions, probably due to the interaction of the fossil with the environment. A Gaussian deconvolution model (GM) was used to identify the individual overlapping bands in the regions of interest in the spectra. A diagenesis pathway for the fossil involved the inclusion of calcium carbonate on the surface of the bone due to the accumulation of moisture, which allowed the recrystallization of hydroxyapatite and the precipitation of calcite in the pores and silicates of the bone. It’s worth mentioning that this work is the first in the ground sloths C. cuvieri in South America. In addition, the material here constitutes the most complete fossil record of a member of the Pleistocene megafaunal of Paraguay.

Background: Perioperative practices have been introduced over the last decade to decrease the risk of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). We sought to determine whether rates of revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for PJI decreased during the period 2006-2016. Methods: This observational cohort study used data from the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System to identify patients undergoing TKA in 2006-2016. Data through 2017 were used to determine if patients underwent revision TKA for PJI (including debridement, antibiotics and implant retention) within 1 year of the primary surgery. A generalized estimating equation model, clustered by hospital, was used to examine the impact of time on likelihood of revision TKA for PJI. Results: In 2006-2016, 233,165 primary TKAs performed were included. Mean age was 66.1 (standard deviation 10.3) years, and 65% were women. Overall, 0.5% of the patients underwent revision TKA for PJI within 1 year of surgery. The generalized estimating equation model showed that for primary TKA performed in 2006-2013, year of surgery did not impact the likelihood of revision TKA for PJI (odds ratio 1.00, 95% confidence interval 0.97-1.03, P = .9221), but that for primary TKA performed in 2014-2016, the likelihood decreased by year (odds ratio 0.76, 95% confidence interval 0.66-0.88, P = .0002). Conclusions: The likelihood of revision TKA for PJI was stable from 2006 to 2013 but declined during the period 2014-2016 across patient and hospital categories. This decline could be due to infection mitigation strategies or other unmeasured factors.

Environmental degradation occurs during economic development. Green Total Factor Productivity (TFP) was developed by incorporating environmental variables into traditional TFP to measure the efficiency of using technology to produce output, while balancing environmental quality. This study aims to determine the general description of economic development in Indonesia in 2015–2021, estimate economic development, and calculate Green TFP in Indonesia in 2015–2021, know the general description of Green TFP, and the variables that are thought to influence Green TFP in Indonesia in 2015–2021. 2021 and analyzed the variables influencing Green TFP in Indonesia in 2015–2021. The estimation results of the economic growth model showed a trade-off between economic growth and environmental quality in Indonesia. The Green TFP results for provinces in Indonesia are obtained using the Cobb-Douglas production function and panel data regression. The value of Green TFP in Indonesia is stagnant, at approximately 0.002. The analysis of variables affecting Green TFP using panel data regression shows that HDI, government spending on education, electricity consumption, industry share, capital structure, and trade openness have significant effects on Green TFP.

BackgroundT-cell leukemia originating from large granular lymphocytes (T-LGL leukemia) is a rare lymphoid neoplasia characterized by clonal proliferation of large granular T lymphocytes expressing αβ or γδ T-cell receptor (TCR) on the cell membrane. γδT-LGL leukemia, accounting for approximately 17% of all T-LGL leukemia cases, is associated with autoimmune diseases. However, the features of γδT-LGL leukemia in patients with rheumatologic diseases are still insufficiently characterized.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 15 patients with rheumatologic disease-associated γδT-LGL leukemia were included. The patients were obtained from a single center from 2008 to 2023. Data related to clinical characteristics and rheumatologic diagnoses were collected. Immunophenotype evaluations as well as T-lymphocyte clonality (based on TCR-γ, TCR-β, and TCR-δ gene rearrangements), and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) three and STAT5B mutation analyses (by next-generation sequencing) were performed on blood, bone marrow, and spleen samples.ResultsAll but one patient had rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In 36% of patients, manifestations of γδT-LGL leukemia were present before or concurrently with clinical manifestations of RA. Splenomegaly was observed in 60% of patients and neutropenia (

Abstract Objectives Thrombocytopenia following Perceval aortic valve replacement has been described previously with variable outcome. Studies have lacked a robust analysis of platelet fluctuation and factors affecting it. We aimed to statistically describe the trend in thrombocyte variability as compared with conventional aortic valve replacement, and to assess predictors as well as impact on associated outcomes. Methods One hundred consecutive patients with first-time Perceval were retrospectively compared to 219 patients after Perimount Magna Ease valve replacement. The primary outcome was the serial thrombocyte count on day 0–6. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyse the data using fixed-effect models: for the effect of the post-operative day on platelet count, and random-effect models estimating both time-variant (platelets) and time in-variant variables (valve type, age, LV function, pre-op platelet level). Results Perceval patients were older (72 ± 1 vs 68 ± 1 years, p 0.05). Reduced platelet count was a strong predictor of red cell transfusion in the conventional (p = 0.016), but not in the sutureless group (p = 0.457). Age (Coef -1.025, 95%CI-1.649—-0.401, p

Sifat fisik tanah adalah karakteristik yang mengidentifikasi jenis dan kondisi tanah secara fisik dan berperan penting dalam mendukung pertumbuhan tanaman. Pada penggunaan lahan yang berbeda menunjukkan kondisi tekstur tanah yang berbeda pula, hal ini dikarenakan oleh sejumlah faktor seperti jenis vegetasi, aktivitas manusia, fraksi tanah dan kondisi lingkungan. Tekstur tanah dapat dipengaruhi oleh keberadaan bahan organik, hal ini dikarenakan bahan organik membantu dalam pembentukan agregat tanah sehingga berpengaruh terhadap tekstur dan struktur tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola distribusi tekstur tanah terhadap bahan organik dan hubungan tekstur dengan ketersediaan bahan organik tanah pada berbagai penggunaan lahan di wilayah Desa Kramat Temenggung, Kecamatan Tarik, Kabupaten Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur. Penggunaan lahan tersebut meliputi sawah, kebun, dan tegalan, dengan melakukan analisis terhadap parameter tekstur dan bahan organik tanah. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), proses pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak di setiap kategori lahan, diambil sampel tanah terganggu pada kedalaman 0-20 cm dan 20-40 cm, kemudian hasilnya digabungkan. Proses pengambilan sampel diulang sebanyak 3 kali untuk setiap kategori lahan, sehingga totalnya diperoleh 9 sampel tanah. Hasil penelitian ini adalah analisis tekstur tanah pada penggunaan lahan sawah dan tegalan menunjukkan jenis tekstur tanah lempung berpasir sedangkan pada penggunaan lahan kebun menunjukkan jenis tekstur tanah lempung. Penggunaan lahan kebun memiliki kandungan bahan organik tanah tertinggi yaitu sebesar 1.59%, penggunaan lahan sawah sebesar 1.23%, dan penggunaan lahan tegalan sebesar 0.99%.

Biofilm is an environmentally friendly plastic that is easily biodegradable. However, not all biodegradable plastics have the desired properties for packaging because they are made from renewable natural materials. The biofilm in this study was made from renewable natural raw materials that had never been used before, namely taro starch and duck bone gelatin. Mixing the two materials improve their physical properties and biodegradabilily This study was to to investigate the effect of adding duck bone gelatin 0%, 5%, 15%, 25% and 35% on physicochemical properties, namely color, oxygen permeability, and metal content (Pb and Cd) as well as biodegradability of biofilms. The method used in this research was solution casting. The results obtained from the color parameter with the highest lightness (L) value were produced in the addition of 15% of 85.26, for the highest value of color a was produced in the addition of 0%, namely 0.94, and the value of color b with the addition of 35% resulted in the highest color value of 1.67. The highest percentage of biodegradability was produced on day 14 with the addition of 35% duck bone gelatin in compost soil to produce a percentage of 100%, while for barren soil the yield was 54.54%-66.66%. The content of Cd and Pb in the biofilm is below the SNI limit. Biofilm is impermeable which can be used as food packaging. Keywords: Biodegradability, biofilm, gelatin, physicochemical, starch

Abstract Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide, with the basal-like or triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype being particularly aggressive and challenging to treat. Understanding the molecular mechanisms driving the development and progression of TNBC is essential. We previously showed that WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) is commonly inactivated in TNBC and is implicated in the DNA damage response (DDR) through ATM and ATR activation. In this study, we investigated the interplay between WWOX and BRCA1, both frequently inactivated in TNBC, on mammary tumor development and on DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair choice. We generated and characterized a transgenic mouse model (K14-Cre;Brca1 fl/fl ;Wwox fl/fl ) and observed that mice lacking both WWOX and BRCA1 developed basal-like mammary tumors and exhibited a decrease in 53BP1 foci and an increase in RAD51 foci, suggesting impaired DSB repair. We examined human TNBC cell lines harboring wild-type and mutant BRCA1 and found that WWOX expression promoted NHEJ repair in cells with wild-type BRCA1. Our findings suggest that WWOX and BRCA1 play an important role in DSB repair pathway choice in mammary epithelial cells, underscoring their functional interaction and significance in breast carcinogenesis.

A cardiac examination (ECG, Echo-CG and BCA ultrasound) was carried out on 150 patients – 60 HIV-infected with various stages of the disease and 90 patients with syphilis/HIV co-infection. Cardiovascular pathology caused by HIV infection was detected in 46.6% of patients in the first group, and in 7.7% in the second group. In a comparative analysis of the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among those examined, it was proven that in the absence of ART or delayed or irregular use of drugs, the proportion of patients with cardiovascular pathology is several times higher than that of people who took ART on a timely and regular basis.

This study examines the effect of financial socialisation, herding, overconfidence and mental accounting on investment decisions among stock investors in Jakarta. The sample in the study is stock investors who reside in Jakarta. The purposive sampling method collected 205 respondents through Google Forms distributed online on social media. The research data were analysed with a structural equation system using SmartPLS.3.2.9 software. The results showed that financial socialisation positively and significantly influences Generation Z's investment decisions in Jakarta. Overconfidence positively and significantly influences Generation Z's investment decisions in Jakarta. Mental accounting has a positive and significant influence on the investment decisions of Generation Z in Jakarta.

Abstract The objective of this study is to examine and analyze the impact of tax planning, tax avoidance, and prudence accounting on firm value, with company size as a control variable. The sample used in this research consists of property sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2021-2023 period. The research method employed is panel data regression analysis. The results of the study indicate that tax planning and prudence accounting have a significant positive effect on firm value, while tax avoidance has a significant negative effect on firm value. Company size, as a control variable, shows a significant positive effect on firm value. Moreover, tax planning, tax avoidance, prudence accounting, and company size collectively have a simultaneous and significant impact on firm value. Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh perencanaan pajak, penghindaran pajak, dan prudence accounting terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan ukuran perusahaan sebagai variabel kontrol. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan sektor properti yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) selama periode 2021-2023. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi data panel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perencanaan pajak dan prudence accounting memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan, sementara penghindaran pajak memiliki pengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan. Ukuran perusahaan sebagai variabel kontrol dapat menunjukkan pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan. Namun, secara simultan perencanaan pajak, penghindaran pajak, prudence accounting dan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh secara simultan dan signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan.

Abstrak Persaingan di dunia bisnis menjadi salah satu fenomena yang tidak dapat dihindarkan dalam lingkup perekonomian. Kekuatan dan ketahanan dalam persaingan di pasar perdagangan yang kuat akan memberikan dampak positif terhadap perekonomian sehingga ekonomi tumbuh secara positif. Pendekatan pada kajian artikel ini adalah studi literatur riview. Metode Pengumpulan data menggunakan studi pustaka. Teknik analisis data menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitataif. Hasil dan pembahasan dari kajian artikel ini adalah bahwa adanya manajemen risiko keuangan menjadi salah satu upaya untuk pencapaian stabilitas perekonomian dimana melalui pengelolaan risiko-risiko keuangan yang baik akan memberikan dampak positif bagi perekonomian sehingga ekonomi dapat tumbuh secara stabil serta dapat memberikan peluang untuk tetap bersaing di pasar global. Kata Kunci: Manajemen Risiko Keuangan, Pertumbuhan Perekonomian, Stabilitas Ekonomi Abstract Competition in the business world is one phenomenon that cannot be avoided in the economic sphere. Strength and resilience in competition in a strong trade market will have a positive impact on the economy so that the economy grows positively. The approach to the study of this article is a literature review study. Data collection method using literature study. The data analysis technique uses a qualitative descriptive method. The results and discussion of the review of this article is that financial risk management is one of the efforts to achieve economic stability where good management of financial risks will have a positive impact on the economy so that the economy can grow stably and can provide opportunities to remain competitive in the global market. global market. Keywords: Financial Risk Management, Economic Growth, Economic Stability

Abstract Ratios of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGT), which are membrane lipids of bacteria and archaea, are at the base of several paleoenvironmental proxies. They are frequently applied to soils as well as lake‐ and marine sediments to generate records of past temperature and soil pH. To derive meaningful environmental information from these reconstructions, high analytical reproducibility is required. Based on submitted results by 39 laboratories from across the world, which employ a diverse range of analytical and quantification methods, we explored the reproducibility of brGDGT‐based proxies (MBT′5ME, IR, and #ringstetra) measured on four soil samples and four soil lipid extracts. Correct identification and integration of 5‐ and 6‐methyl brGDGTs is a prerequisite for the robust calculation of proxy values, but this can be challenging as indicated by the large inter‐interlaboratory variation. The exclusion of statistical outliers improves the reproducibility, where the remaining uncertainty translates into a temperature offset from median proxy values of 0.3–0.9°C and a pH offset of 0.05–0.3. There is no apparent systematic impact of the extraction method and sample preparation steps on the brGDGT ratios. Although reported GDGT concentrations are generally consistent within laboratories, they vary greatly between laboratories. This large variability in brGDGT quantification may relate to variations in ionization efficiency or specific mass spectrometer settings possibly impacting the response of brGDGTs masses relative to that of the internal standard used. While ratio values of GDGT are generally comparable, quantities can currently not be compared between laboratories.

IntroductionPrior to the introduction of novel food ingredients into the food supply, safety risk assessments are required, and numerous prediction models have been developed and validated to evaluate safety.MethodsThe allergenic risk potential of Helaina recombinant human lactoferrin (rhLF, Effera™), produced in Komagataella phaffii (K. phaffii) was assessed by literature search, bioinformatics sequence comparisons to known allergens, glycan allergenicity assessment, and a simulated pepsin digestion model.ResultsThe literature search identified no allergenic risk for Helaina rhLF, K. phaffii, or its glycans. Bioinformatics search strategies showed no significant risk for cross-reactivity or allergenicity between rhLF or the 36 residual host proteins and known human allergens. Helaina rhLF was also rapidly digested in simulated gastric fluid and its digestibility profile was comparable to human milk lactoferrin (hmLF), further demonstrating a low allergenic risk and similarity to the hmLF protein. ConclusionCollectively, these results demonstrate a low allergenic risk potential of Helaina rhLF and do not indicate the need for further clinical testing or serum IgE binding to evaluate Helaina rhLF for risk of food allergy prior to introduction into the food supply.

This study focuses on the modification of Vespa motorbike lighting by implementing the Aho system with Fullwave charging. The process involves replacing the regulator cable line with a Honda Tiger regulator to convert the AC lighting system to full wave. Additionally, the upgrade includes replacing the halfwave regulator with a fullwave kiprok type using 4 diode bridges to convert AC to DC current efficiently. LED lamps are also substituted for their energy efficiency and optimal performance with DC current. The research emphasizes the importance of enhancing lighting systems for motorcycle safety and compliance with traffic regulations. The findings highlight the benefits of these modifications in improving lighting efficiency and overall safety for Vespa motorbike users.

This study aims to determine the effect of Rewards on Employee Performance through Loyalty to PT. Bangun Cipta Anugrah Abadi Palembang. The population in this study were all employees of PT. Bangun Cipta Anugrah Abadi Palembang, totaling 103 employees. The type of research used is quantitative research. Data analysis techniques in this study employed validity and reliability tests, hypothesis testing, and path analysis techniques using the SPSS 22 Windows program. The results of the discussion show that the first research hypothesis test proved that Rewards have a direct effect on Employee Performance, the second research hypothesis test proved that Rewards have a direct effect on Loyalty, the third hypothesis test proved that there is a direct significant effect of Loyalty on Employee Performance, and the fourth hypothesis test proved that indirectly Rewards for Employee Performance have a significant influence on Loyalty. Keywords: Rewards; Employee Performance; Loyalty

Summary: Background: Mucositis is a common and highly impactful side effect of conventional and emerging cancer therapy and thus the subject of intense investigation. Although common practice, mucositis assessment is heterogeneously adopted and poorly guided, impacting evidence synthesis and translation. The Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) Mucositis Study Group (MSG) therefore aimed to establish expert recommendations for how existing mucositis assessment tools should be used, in clinical care and trials contexts, to improve the consistency of mucositis assessment. Methods: This study was conducted over two stages (January 2022–July 2023). The first phase involved a survey to MASCC-MSG members (January 2022–May 2022), capturing current practices, challenges and preferences. These then informed the second phase, in which a set of initial recommendations were prepared and refined using the Delphi method (February 2023–May 2023). Consensus was defined as agreement on a parameter by >80% of respondents. Findings: Seventy-two MASCC-MSG members completed the first phase of the study (37 females, 34 males, mainly oral care specialists). High variability was noted in the use of mucositis assessment tools, with a high reliance on clinician assessment compared to patient reported outcome measures (PROMs, 47% vs 3%, 37% used a combination). The World Health Organization (WHO) and Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) scales were most commonly used to assess mucositis across multiple settings. Initial recommendations were reviewed by experienced MSG members and following two rounds of Delphi survey consensus was achieved in 91 of 100 recommendations. For example, in patients receiving chemotherapy, the recommended tool for clinician assessment in clinical practice is WHO for oral mucositis (89.5% consensus), and WHO or CTCAE for gastrointestinal mucositis (85.7% consensus). The recommended PROM in clinical trials is OMD/WQ for oral mucositis (93.3% consensus), and PRO-CTCAE for gastrointestinal mucositis (83.3% consensus). Interpretation: These new recommendations provide much needed guidance on mucositis assessment and may be applied in both clinical practice and research to streamline comparison and synthesis of global data sets, thus accelerating translation of new knowledge into clinical practice. Funding: No funding was received.

Kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja (K3) merupakan bidang yang terkait dengan kesehatan, keselamatan, dan kesejahteraan manusia yang bekerja di sebuah institusi maupun di lokasi proyek. Pengabaian prosedur K3 sering terjadi di kawasan pedesaan atau kawasan lingkungan kerja dengan menejemen prosedur K3 yang minim sehingga banyak dampak yang timbul karena suasana kerja yang tidak efisien dan sering memungkinkan terjadinya kecelakaan kerja. Tujuan pengabdian ini untuk menganalisa serta mensosialisasikan pentingnya penerapan prosedur K3. Metode yang dilakukan pada penlitian ini berupa analisis problem yang dapat menimbulkan dampak kecelakaan akibat kerja serta sosialisasi tentang pentingnya penerapan prosedur K3. Dari observasi yang telah dilakukan ditemukan berbagai macam kondisi kerja yang tidak sesuai dengan penerapan prosedur K3 yang telah ditetapkan pemerintah sebagai standart pengoperasian kerja. Dari pembahasan yang telah dijelaskan dapat diambil kesipulan bahwa penggunaan aturan penerapan prosedur sangat penting agar supaya tercipta kondisi lingkungan kerja yang aman dan nyaman serta terhindar dari kecelakaan kerja.

This research aims to analyze the impact of coastal tourism activities on the environment and socio-culture in the Berawa Beach Coastal Area, Canggu. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach. Researcher conducted in-depth interviews with the following sources: Tibubeneng Village, represented by the Head of the Welfare Section, Community Empowerment Institutions, business owners, art shop owners and cafe owners, three local communities and one person who works in the Berawa Coastal Area. This research examines in more depth the impact of coastal tourism activities on the environment and socio-culture. Apart from interviews, researcher made observations and studies from news, articles and journals of previous research. After conducting in-depth interviews with resource people, researche found that there were negative and positive impacts on the environment and socio-culture due to coastal tourism activities in the Berawa Coastal Coastal Area. From the impacts felt by the interviewees, the negative impacts were more significantly felt on the environment due to land conversion and poor waste management. Meanwhile, significant negative socio-cultural impacts are felt, namely the occurrence of traffic jams and crime.

This systematic review investigates how prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) immediately influences neuronal excitability based on oxygenation changes measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). A thorough understanding of TMS-induced excitability changes may enable clinicians to adjust TMS parameters and optimize treatment plans proactively. Five databases were searched for human studies evaluating brain excitability using concurrent TMS/fMRI or TMS/fNIRS. Thirty-seven studies (13 concurrent TMS/fNIRS studies, 24 concurrent TMS/fMRI studies) were included in a qualitative synthesis. Despite methodological inconsistencies, a distinct pattern of activated nodes in the frontoparietal central executive network, the cingulo-opercular salience network, and the default-mode network emerged. The activated nodes included the prefrontal cortex (particularly dorsolateral prefrontal cortex), insula cortex, striatal regions (especially caudate, putamen), anterior cingulate cortex, and thalamus. High-frequency repetitive TMS most consistently induced expected facilitatory effects in these brain regions. However, varied stimulation parameters (e.g., intensity, coil orientation, target sites) and the inter- and intra-individual variability of brain state contribute to the observed heterogeneity of target excitability and co-activated regions. Given the considerable methodological and individual variability across the limited evidence, conclusions should be drawn with caution.

The government's task force for preventing and handling sexual violence (PPKS Task Force) is not evenly available in all Indonesian universities. This research used convenience sampling techniques; the sample comprised 1026 students from 157 universities in 28 provinces in Indonesia. An exploratory study was conducted from 2022–2023. Quantitative survey data was analyzed using descriptive statistics with an ex post facto approach. In more detail, the research will examine the impact and conflicting gaps of victims and bystanders in dealing with sexual harassment behavior in Indonesian universities based on gender and culture, including Gap Contradiction. This is considered important as a coping strategy for the need to handle sexual harassment among students in Indonesia. The data from this research can be a consideration for universities in Indonesia in the urgency of realizing the availability of a PPKS task force, developing an advocacy system for handling and empowerment services and regulations, and providing student assistance facilities.

Many individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) do not achieve their management goals. The patient perspective on unmet needs in T1D may guide the role of adjunctive therapies, including glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs). A quantitative online survey (n = 133) assessed (1) self-reported demographic and management data, (2) management priorities, satisfaction, and willingness to use adjunctive therapies and (3) conducted a risk-benefit analysis using three masked drug profiles (1.8 mg vs 0.6 mg liraglutide vs placebo). A subgroup of respondents (n = 20) participated in semi-structured interviews to extend upon survey insights. Needs were unmet by current treatment in 28% of surveyed individuals. The greatest unmet needs included (1) glycemia, (2) management-related fatigue, and (3) weight management. Most respondents (94%) indicated that they would use adjunctive therapies. The preferred administration route was daily tablets (66%) followed by weekly injections (32%). Metabolic improvements were most valued (reduction in hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia). Most respondents (94%) preferred the liraglutide risk-benefit profile (1.8 mg, then 0.6 mg) over placebo. Individuals with T1D self-report many unmet needs. While not currently approved in T1D, GLP-1RA properties align with many management priorities reported by individuals with T1D.

IntroductionThere is a need to develop a comprehensive account of time-on-task fatigue effects on performance (i.e., the vigilance decrement) to increase predictive accuracy. We address this need by integrating three independent accounts into a novel hybrid framework. This framework unites (1) a motivational system balancing goal and comfort drives as described by an influential cognitive-energetic theory with (2) accumulating microlapses from a recent computational model of fatigue, and (3) frontal gamma oscillations indexing fluctuations in motivational control. Moreover, the hybrid framework formally links brief lapses (occurring over milliseconds) to the dynamics of the motivational system at a temporal scale not otherwise described in the fatigue literature.MethodsEEG and behavioral data was collected from a brief vigilance task. High frequency gamma oscillations were assayed, indexing effortful controlled processes with motivation as a latent factor. Binned and single-trial gamma power was evaluated for changes in real- and lagged-time and correlated with behavior. Functional connectivity analyses assessed the directionality of gamma power in frontal-parietal communication across time-on-task. As a high-resolution representation of latent motivation, gamma power was scaled by fatigue moderators in two computational models. Microlapses modulated transitions from an effortful controlled state to a minimal-effort default state. The hybrid models were compared to a computational microlapse-only model for goodness-of-fit with simulated data.ResultsFindings suggested real-time high gamma power exhibited properties consistent with effortful motivational control. However, gamma power failed to correlate with increases in response times over time, indicating electrophysiology and behavior relations are insufficient in capturing the full range of fatigue effects. Directional connectivity affirmed the dominance of frontal gamma activity in controlled processes in the frontal-parietal network. Parameterizing high frontal gamma power, as an index of fluctuating relative motivational control, produced results that are as accurate or superior to a previous microlapse-only computational model.DiscussionThe hybrid framework views fatigue as a function of a energetical motivational system, managing the trade-space between controlled processes and competing wellbeing needs. Two gamma computational models provided compelling and parsimonious support for this framework, which can potentially be applied to fatigue intervention technologies and related effectiveness measures.

BackgroundMental health conditions are highly prevalent among US veterans. The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is committed to enhancing mental health care through the integration of measurement-based care (MBC) practices, guided by its Collect-Share-Act model. Incorporating the use of remote mobile apps may further support the implementation of MBC for mental health care. ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate veteran experiences with Mental Health Checkup (MHC), a VHA mobile app to support remote MBC for mental health. MethodsOur mixed methods sequential explanatory evaluation encompassed mailed surveys with veterans who used MHC and follow-up semistructured interviews with a subset of survey respondents. We analyzed survey data using descriptive statistics. We then compared responses between veterans who indicated having used MHC for ≥3 versus

Sungai Wonokromo merupakan salah satu cabang Sungai Surabaya bagian DAS Brantas. Keberadaan Sungai Wonokromo yang melintasi kawasan padat penduduk dapat meningkatkan risioko tinggi terhadap pencemaran lingkungan. Berdasarkan Peraturan Daerah Kota Surabaya Tahun 2014-2034, Sungai Wonokromo akan dikembangkan menjadi destinasi wisata dan pusat pelayanan angkutan sungai. Sehingga diperlukan penelitian yang berfokus pada permasalahan terjadinya kegagalan pada air sungai yang tidak memenuhi baku mutu sesuai peruntukannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengendalian kualitas air Sungai Wonokro untuk mengidentifikasi level sigma yang tidak sesuai dengan spesifikasi dan mengusulkan perbaikan dalam mengurangai kegagalan. Analisis data menggunakan metode Six Sigma dengan tahapan DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control). Hasil penelitian ini memperoleh nilai DPMO (Defect Per Million Opportunity) sebesar 130.300 dengan nilai level sigma 2,625. Kegagalan dalam kualitas air Sungai Wonokromo dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor diantaranya kegiatan industri, kegiatan domestik, kurangnya partisipasi masyarakat, dan strategi pengelolaan sungai. Untuk memaksimalkan pengurangan kegagalan, diperlukan upaya perbaikan yang dapat dilakukan disekitar Sungai, seperti melakukan integrasi perencanaan, penegakan hukum yang berlaku, dan memanfaatkan teknologi sensor untuk memantau aktivitas disepanjang tepian sungai.

Lampung is one of the provinces producing Indonesia's second-largest banana crop. Operational activities at the Palm Oil Mill produce a by-product of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME), which can potentially be the most enormous environmental pollution. Communities often use chemicals to treat liquid waste, which causes health problems, cannot be decomposed, and can damage the environment. Therefore, treating liquid waste using organic materials that are more environmentally friendly, safe for health and easily degraded is necessary. By modifying cationic starch, natural polymers found in banana blossom waste may be utilized for producing natural biocoagulant that are more effective. This paper aims to review the potential of cationic-modified balbis banana blossom waste starch as a natural biocoagulant for processing palm oil waste. Starch was first modified into cationic starch by etherification method with the help of HMMAHC cationic reagents. The mechanism of cationic starch as a biocoagulant is the exchange of starch cation ions and waste anions to form bridges between colloidal particles and then form flocs that can precipitate. The implementation technique of this idea is by collaborating with several parties to ensure the successful use of banana hump starch as a biocoagulant material, providing support and facilities for the industry and promoting the use of biocoagulant, conducting literature studies related to the use of banana hump starch as a natural biocoagulant, testing the effectiveness of biocoagulant, implemented in the palm oil processing industry.

Landslides on the Ende - Wolowaru road, Ende Regency often occur every year, especially in the rainy season. Therefore, research was carried out to determine the level of vulnerability to landslides on the Ende - Wolowaru road section, Ende Regency, using an estimation model referring to Puslittanak research in 2004. Mapping of landslide-prone areas was carried out at a radius of 250 meters along the Ende - Wolowaru road section, Ende Regency with area 2,514 ha. The analysis used GIS analysis, such as: scoring and overlay methods based on 2004 Puslittanak Department of Agriculture estimation model. The parameters used are rainfall, rock type, slope, land cover and soil type. The results of the analysis in this study show that the level of vulnerability to landslides at the research location consists of a non-prone class covering an area of 13.38 ha, a vulnerable class covering an area of 1,620.38 ha and a very vulnerable class covering an area of 880.65 ha and (2) the level of validation mapping results that is equal to 88%.

Abstract Background Some research has been undertaken into the mechanisms that shape successful participatory approaches in the context of efforts to improve health and social care. However, greater attention needs to be directed to how partnerships between researchers and user-led organisations (ULOs) might best be formed, practiced, managed, and assessed. We explored whether political economist Elinor Ostrom’s Nobel prize winning analysis of common pool resource management—specifically eight principles to enhance collaborative group working as derived from her empirical research—could be usefully applied within a user-led project aiming to co-design new services to support more inclusive involvement of Disabled people in decision-making processes in policy and practice. Methods Participant observation and participatory methods over a 16-month period comprising observational notes of online user-led meetings (26 h), online study team meetings (20 h), online Joint Interpretive Forum meetings (8 h), and semi-structured one-to-one interviews with project participants (44 h) at two time points (months 6 and 10). Results Initially it proved difficult to establish working practices informed by Ostrom’s principles for collaborative group working within the user-led project. Several attempts were made to put a structure in place that met the needs of both the research study and the aims of the user-led project, but this was not straightforward. An important shift saw a move away from directly applying the principles to the working practices of the group and instead applying them to specific tasks the group were undertaking. This was a helpful realisation which enabled the principles to become—for most but not all participants—a useful facilitation device in the latter stages of the project. Eventually we applied the principles in a way that was useful and enabled collaboration between researchers and a ULO (albeit in unexpected ways). Conclusions Our joint reflections emphasise the importance of being reflexive and responsive when seeking to apply theories of collaboration (the principles) within user-led work. At an early stage, it is important to agree shared definitions and understanding of what ‘user-led’ means in practice. It is crucial to actively adapt and translate the principles in ways that make them more accessible and applicable within groups where prior knowledge of their origins is both unlikely and unnecessary.