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The Helicobacter pylori have ancestral relation with the family of Proteobacteria, order Campylobacterales, family Helicobacteraceae. It is the first and most important cause of gastric carcinoma along with peptic ulcer and dyspepsia carcinoma. H. pylori is also responsible for mucosa associated with lymphoid tissue (MALT) and Known Hodgkin Lymphoma. It is assessed that patients having H. pylori are a 30% to 40% possibility of evolving gastric ulcer and a 10% to 20% possibility of developing distal gastric cancer. It causes chronic inflammation and significantly increases the risk of duodenal, gastric ulcer, and cancer. It is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. In the current study, a total of 210 gastric biopsy specimens were collected from the patient with a history of gastritis from Chughtai Lab in 10% NBF. All tissue size was measured and gross examined these samples were processed in an automated tissue processor Tissue-Tek VIP VI (Japan). After processing, the embedding of tissues was done in paraffin wax at Tissue-Tek TEC. 2- 3 µm sections were prepared using rotary microtome Leica 201 USA. A comparison was carried out between H&E and IHC. Helicobacter pylori were detected in 88 cases out of 200 while 09 samples were either poorly preserved or autolyzed that's why further processing and diagnosis were not possible. One case was diagnosed as poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma; the sample was collected from a female patient of 56 years. Out of 88 positive cases, 66 (75%) were initially screened as positive for H.pyloriby H&E staining due to the presence of mild or moderate colonization while the remaining 25% cases were negative by H&E staining but with suspicion of neutrophils and lymphoid aggregates. All 88 cases were further confirmed by IHC. Our findings confirmed that IHC is a batter reliable and more accurate method in the diagnosis of H.pylori and it should be considered the gold standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There are >70 million forcibly displaced people worldwide, including refugees, internally displaced persons, and asylum seekers. While the health needs of forcibly displaced people have been characterized in the literature, more still needs to be done globally to translate this knowledge into effective policies and actions, particularly in neurology. Methods: In 2020, a global network of published experts on neurological disease and refugees was convened. Nine physician experts from nine countries (2 low, 1 lower-middle income, 5 upper-middle, 1 high income) with experience treating displaced people originating from 18 countries participated in three survey and two discussion rounds in accordance with the Delphi method. Results: A consensus list of priority interventions for treating neurological conditions in displaced people was created, agnostic to cost considerations, with the ten highest ranking tests or treatments ranked as: computerized tomography scans, magnetic resonance imaging scans, levetiracetam, acetylsalicylic acid, carbamazepine, paracetamol, sodium valproate, basic blood tests, steroids and anti-tuberculous medication. The most important contextual considerations (100% consensus) were all economic and political, including the economic status of the displaced person's country of origin, the host country, and the stage in the asylum seeking process. The annual cost to purchase the ten priority neurological interventions for the entire displaced population was estimated to be 220 million USD for medications and 4.2 billion USD for imaging and tests. Conclusions: A need for neuroimaging and anti-seizure medications for forcibly displaced people was emphasized. These recommendations could guide future research and investment in neurological care for forcibly displaced people., Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed., (Copyright: © 2022 Rezaei S et al.)

Background: There are >70 million forcibly displaced people worldwide, including refugees, internally displaced persons, and asylum seekers. While the health needs of forcibly displaced people have been characterized in the literature, more still needs to be done globally to translate this knowledge into effective policies and actions, particularly in neurology. Methods: In 2020, a global network of published experts on neurological disease and refugees was convened. Nine physician experts from nine countries (2 low, 1 lower-middle income, 5 upper-middle, 1 high income) with experience treating displaced people originating from 18 countries participated in three survey and two discussion rounds in accordance with the Delphi method. Results: A consensus list of priority interventions for treating neurological conditions in displaced people was created, agnostic to cost considerations, with the ten highest ranking tests or treatments ranked as: computerized tomography scans, magnetic resonance imaging scans, levetiracetam, acetylsalicylic acid, carbamazepine, paracetamol, sodium valproate, basic blood tests, steroids and anti-tuberculous medication. The most important contextual considerations (100% consensus) were all economic and political, including the economic status of the displaced person's country of origin, the host country, and the stage in the asylum seeking process. The annual cost to purchase the ten priority neurological interventions for the entire displaced population was estimated to be 220 million USD for medications and 4.2 billion USD for imaging and tests. Conclusions: A need for neuroimaging and anti-seizure medications for forcibly displaced people was emphasized. These recommendations could guide future research and investment in neurological care for forcibly displaced people., Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed., (Copyright: © 2021 Rezaei S et al.)