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The concept of mawālī, used to express the non-Arab Muslims who began to enter the Islamic society with the early Islamic conquest movements, constitutes one of the most controversial issues in the history of the Umayyads. Mawālī gained a place in the political, economic, cultural, literary, and scientific fields by integrating into the new society with the "velā" relationship they established with the Arabs. The nature and extent of mawālīs' participation in various fields is one of the current research issues of today's academy. This article does not aim to examine the political, economic, cultural, and literary aspects of the mawālī, but rather to determine the claim made by orientalists in the context of the Umayyad State as "the role of the mawālī in the formation of Islamic sciences" by using the "Prosopography" method through the city of Kūfa, one of the areas of encounter between the Arabs and the mawālī. The article begins with the conceptual background, followed by the historical narrative viewed through influential Orientalists' perspectives, and subsequently discusses Arab scholars' opinions. Finally, it presents the process and findings of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermoplastic composite filament materials can be used in the manufacturing method with melted filament, which is among the additive manufacturing methods. Thermoplastic composite filament materials allow obtaining different thermal, chemical, mechanical and surface properties. In this study, PLA filament and PLA-Steel filament materials with approximately 80% by weight of 410L steel powder were compared in terms of impact strength, tensile strength and thermal conductivity properties. As a result of the experiments carried out, the highest impact strength was measured at 14.27 kJ/m2, the highest tensile strength was 41.62 MPa and the highest thermal conductivity was 0.1364 W/mK for PLA material. The highest impact strength was measured at 11.51 kJ/m2, the highest tensile strength was 19.06 MPa and the highest thermal conductivity was 0.2758 W/mK for the steel powder added PLA material. Thus, the impact and tensile strength value of PLA material decreased and the thermal conductivity value increased with the addition of steel powder. Different levels of filling ratio, printing temperature, printing speed and layer thickness printing parameters were used in the production of test specimens. The effects of these pressure parameters on the impact and tensile strength values were investigated. The effects of printing parameters were revealed by the results of ANOVA analysis. In addition, the microstructure of the materials was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]