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6 results on '"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre"'

1. Rhizobium acaciae sp. nov., a new nitrogen-fixing symbiovar isolated from root nodules of Acacia saligna in Tunisia

Author

Hsouna, Jihed, Ilahi, Houda, Han, Jia-Cheng, Gritli, Takwa, Ellouze, Walid, Zhang, Xiao, Mansouri, Maroua, Rahi, Praveen, El Idrissi, Mustapha, Lamrabet, Mouad, Oubla, M'Hamed, Courty, Pierre, Wipf, Daniel, Tambong, James, Mnasri, Bacem, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food (AAFC), Centre de Ressources biologiques de l'Institut Pasteur - Biological Resource Center of the Institut Pasteur (CRBIP), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Mohammed V University, Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Dijon, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and This study was funded by the PHC Maghreb project (34MAG21) and the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. The contributionof James T. Tambong was funded by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada through projects J-002272 and J-002295

Subjects
Acacia saligna, Rhizobium leguminosarum complex, Rhizobium acaciae, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], General Medicine, Microbiology, nodules, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Three bacterial strains, 1AS11T, 1AS12 and 1AS13, members of the new symbiovar salignae and isolated from root nodules of Acacia saligna grown in Tunisia, were characterized using a polyphasic approach. All three strains were assigned to the Rhizobium leguminosarum complex on the basis of rrs gene analysis. Phylogenetic analysis based on 1734 nucleotides of four concatenated housekeeping genes (recA, atpD, glnII and gyrB) showed that the three strains were distinct from known rhizobia species of the R. leguminosarum complex and clustered as a separate clade within this complex. Phylogenomic analysis of 92 up-to-date bacterial core genes confirmed the unique clade. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization and blast-based average nucleotide identity values for the three strains and phylogenetically related Rhizobium species ranged from 35.9 to 60.0% and 87.16 to 94.58 %, which were lower than the 70 and 96% species delineation thresholds, respectively. The G+C contents of the strains were 60.82–60.92 mol% and the major fatty acids (>4 %) were summed feature 8 (57.81 %; C18 : 1 ω7c) and C18 : 1 ω7c 11-methyl (13.24%). Strains 1AS11T, 1AS12 and 1AS13 could also be differentiated from their closest described species (Rhizobium indicum, Rhizobium laguerreae and Rhizobium changzhiense ) by phenotypic and physiological properties as well as fatty acid content. Based on the phylogenetic, genomic, physiological, genotypic and chemotaxonomic data presented in this study, strains 1AS11T, 1AS12 and 1AS13 represent a new species within the genus Rhizobium and we propose the name Rhizobium acaciae sp. nov. The type strain is 1AS11T (=DSM 113913T=ACCC 62388T).

Published
2023
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2. Les énigmes de la durée des exportations

Author

Gaigne, Carl, Larue, Bruno, Zongo, Wendkouni Jean-Baptiste, Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires (SMART-LERECO), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), and KALK, MURIELLE

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, Convexité des couts, JEL: F - International Economics/F.F1 - Trade/F.F1.F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade, Gravity, Tarifs douaniers, Cost convexity, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q1 - Agriculture/Q.Q1.Q17 - Agriculture in International Trade, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Durée d’exportation, Gravité, Export failure, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, JEL: F - International Economics/F.F1 - Trade/F.F1.F12 - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies • Fragmentation
Abstract

We investigate two puzzles in the export duration literature. The first puzzle has to do with the frequent entries and exits of firms in export markets, which are at odds with the large fixed export costs in such markets. We introduce convex production technologies in a trade model to show how variable marginal costs create direct linkages between export markets. As fixed export costs vary across destinations, more productive firms need not necessarily export to more destinations. Cost convexity implies that the probability of supplying a given export market is adversely affected by positive export shocks in other markets. This is supported by our empirical analysis of bilateral flows for over 200 agri-food products to 176 destinations originating from six large exporting countries. The second puzzle has to do with the paradoxical effect of tariffs reported in empirical export duration studies. When endogeneity is addressed, tariffs increase the probability of an export failure., Dans cet article, nous tentons de réconcilier deux constats empiriques en lien avec la durée des exportations et les théories du commerce international. Tout d’abord, les entrées et sorties fréquentes observées des entreprises sur les marchés d’exportation sont en contradiction avec les théories modernes pour lesquelles les coûts d’exportation fixes ont un rôle central dans les décisions d’exportation. Nous introduisons des couts marginaux de production non constants dans un modèle de commerce international et montrons comment les coûts marginaux variables créent des liens directs entre les différents marchés d’exportation. La convexité des coûts implique que la probabilité de maintenir son activité d’exportation vers un pays dépend négativement des chocs positifs d’exportation vers d’autres marchés. Notre analyse empirique des flux bilatéraux de plus de 200 produits agroalimentaires vers 176 destinations, provenant de six grands pays, confirme cette hypothèse. Ensuite, on questionne l’effet positif paradoxal des tarifs douaniers dans les études empiriques sur la durée des exportations. Lorsque l’endogénéité des tarifs est prise en compte, l’effet devient négatif en accord avec la théorie.

Published
2022
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3. Environmental contamination in a high-income country (France) by antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and antibiotic resistance genes: Status and possible causes

Author

Marisa Haenni, Christophe Dagot, Olivier Chesneau, Delphine Bibbal, Jérôme Labanowski, Michèle Vialette, Damien Bouchard, Fabrice Martin-Laurent, Louisiane Calsat, Sylvie Nazaret, Fabienne Petit, Anne-Marie Pourcher, Anne Togola, Morgane Bachelot, Edward Topp, Didier Hocquet, Laboratoire de Lyon [ANSES], Université de Lyon-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Anti-infectieux : supports moléculaires des résistances et innovations thérapeutiques (RESINFIT), CHU Limoges-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Collection de l'Institut Pasteur (CIP), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Innovations Thérapeutiques et Résistances (InTheRes), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Anses ANMV (Anses ANMV), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Dijon, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Optimisation des procédés en Agriculture, Agroalimentaire et Environnement (UR OPAALE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food (AAFC), University of Western Ontario (UWO), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), This document was prepared thanks to the collective expert assessment, carried out by the Anses expert working group ‘Antimicrobial resistance and the environment’ (ANSES opinion 2016-SA-0252), chaired by Morgane Bachelot and whose active contributors are co-authors of this publication., Togola, Anne, Institut Pasteur [Paris], AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agence nationale du médicament vétérinaire (ANMV), and École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, MESH: Drug Resistance, Microbial, Antibiotic resistance, MESH: One Health, 010501 environmental sciences, Wastewater, 01 natural sciences, MESH: Waste Water, 03 medical and health sciences, Rivers, MESH: Anti-Bacterial Agents, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Animals, GE1-350, One Health, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Environmental antibiotic concentrations, 0303 health sciences, Bacteria, Aquatic environment, [SDV.EE.IEO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, 6. Clean water, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 3. Good health, Environmental sciences, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Terrestrial environment, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Organic waste product, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract

This document was prepared thanks to the collective expert assessment, carried out by the Anses expert working group ‘Antimicrobial resistance and the environment’ (ANSES opinion 2016-SA-0252), chaired by Morgane Bachelot and whose active contributors are co-authors of this publication.; International audience; Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global public health concern, shared by a large number of human and animal health actors. Within the framework of a One Health approach, actions should be implemented in the environmental realm, as well as the human and animal realms. The Government of France commissioned a report to provide policy and decision makers with an evidential basis for recommending or taking future actions to mitigate AMR in the environment. We first examined the mechanisms that underlie the emergence and persistence of antimicrobial resistance in the environment. This report drew up an inventory of the contamination of aquatic and terrestrial environments by AMR and antibiotics, anticipating that the findings will be representative of some other high-income countries. Effluents of wastewater treatment plants were identified as the major source of contamination on French territory, with spreading of organic waste products as a more diffuse and incidental contamination of aquatic environments. A limitation of this review is the heterogeneity of available data in space and time, as well as the lack of data for certain sources.Comparing the French Measured Environmental Concentrations (MECs) with predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs), fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim were identified as representing high and medium risk of favoring the selection of resistant bacteria in treated wastewater and in the most contaminated rivers. All other antibiotic molecules analyzed (erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, tetracycline) were at low risk of resistance selection in those environments. However, the heterogeneity of the data available impairs their full exploitation. Consequently, we listed indicators to survey AMR and antibiotics in the environment and recommended the harmonization of sampling strategies and endpoints for analyses.Finally, the objectives and methods used for the present work could comprise a useful example for how national authorities of countries sharing common socio-geographic characteristics with France could seek to better understand and define the environmental dimension of AMR in their particular settings.

Published
2022
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4. Comparative genomic analyses reveal the genetic basis of the yellow-seed trait in Brassica napus.

Author

Qu C, Zhu M, Hu R, Niu Y, Chen S, Zhao H, Li C, Wang Z, Yin N, Sun F, Chen Z, Shen S, Shang G, Zhou Y, Yan X, Wei L, Liu L, Yi B, Lian J, Li J, Tang Z, Liang Y, Xu X, Wang R, Yin J, Wan H, Du H, Qian W, Chai Y, Zhou Q, He Y, Zhong S, Qiu X, Yu H, Lam HM, Lu K, Fu F, and Li J

Subjects
Plant Breeding, Seeds genetics, Phenotype, Genomics, Flavonoids, Brassica napus genetics
Abstract

Yellow-seed trait is a desirable breeding characteristic of rapeseed (Brassica napus) that could greatly improve seed oil yield and quality. However, the underlying mechanisms controlling this phenotype in B. napus plants are difficult to discern because of their complexity. Here, we assemble high-quality genomes of yellow-seeded (GH06) and black-seeded (ZY821). Combining in-depth fine mapping of a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for seed color with other omics data reveal BnA09MYB47a, encoding an R2R3-MYB-type transcription factor, as the causal gene of a major QTL controlling the yellow-seed trait. Functional studies show that sequence variation of BnA09MYB47a underlies the functional divergence between the yellow- and black-seeded B. napus. The black-seed allele BnA09MYB47a ZY821 , but not the yellow-seed allele BnA09MYB47a GH06 , promotes flavonoid biosynthesis by directly activating the expression of BnTT18. Our discovery suggests a possible approach to breeding B. napus for improved commercial value and facilitates flavonoid biosynthesis studies in Brassica crops., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)

Published
2023
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5. Modeling the microbial pretreatment of camelina straw and switchgrass by Trametes versicolor and Phanerochaete chrysosporium via solid-state fermentation process: A growth kinetic sub-model in the context of biomass-based biorefineries.

Author

Dao CN, Tabil LG, Mupondwa E, and Dumonceaux T

Abstract

Advancing microbial pretreatment of lignocellulose has the potential not only to reduce the carbon footprint and environmental impacts of the pretreatment processes from cradle-to-grave, but also increase biomass valorization, support agricultural growers, and boost the bioeconomy. Mathematical modeling of microbial pretreatment of lignocellulose provides insights into the metabolic activities of the microorganisms as responses to substrate and environment and provides baseline targets for the design, development, and optimization of solid-state-fermentation (SSF) bioreactors, including substrate concentrations, heat and mass transfer. In this study, the growth of Trametes versicolor 52J (TV52J), Trametes versicolor m4D (TVm4D), and Phanerochaete chrysosporium (PC) on camelina straw (CS) and switchgrass (SG) during an SSF process was examined. While TV52J illustrated the highest specific growth rate and maximum cell concentration, a mutant strain deficient in cellulose catabolism, TVm4D, performed best in terms of holocellulose preservation and delignification. The hybrid logistic-Monod equation along with holocellulose consumption and delignification models described well the growth kinetics. The oxygen uptake rate and carbon dioxide production rate were directly correlated to the fungal biomass concentration; however, a more sophisticated non-linear relationship might explain those correlations better than a linear model. This study provides an informative baseline for developing SSF systems to integrate fungal pretreatment into a large-scale, on-farm, wet-storage process for the utilization of agricultural residues as feedstocks for biofuel production., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Cuong Ngoc Dao, Lope G. Tabil, and His Majesty the King in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada for the contribution of Tim Dumonceaux and Edmund Mupondwa.)

Published
2023
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6. The Impact of N.I. Vavilov on the Conservation and Use of Plant Genetic Resources in Scandinavia: A Review.

Author

Solberg SØ, Loskutov IG, Breian L, and Diederichsen A

Abstract

In this review we examine Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov's relationship to Scandinavia and the impact he and his ideas have had on Scandinavia. We trace the historical connections from Vavilov back to 18th century scientists, such as Carl Von Linneaus (Sweden) and 19th century European scientists such as Alphonse de Candolle (Switzerland), Henry de Vilmorin (France), and William Bateson (England). Vavilov has influenced the conservation work in Scandinavia resulting amongst other in the establishment of the Nordic Gene Bank in 1979 and the Svalbard Global Seed Vault which started operating in 2008. Vavilov travelled to Scandinavia in 1921 and in 1931 to give lectures and exchange ideas, especially with the breeders at the Swedish Seed Association (Svalöf) in Scania, Sweden, but also at the Copenhagen University in Denmark. Vavilov did not recognize Scandinavia as part of a center of origin of cultivated plants. It was only after World War II, when P.M. Zhukovsky, a scholar of N.I Vavilov, developed the concept of mega-centers of diversity of cultivated plants, that Scandinavia became part of what he termed the European-Siberian Region of Diversity . We list species domesticated in Scandinavia or Northern Europe, and we further discuss concepts related to crop evolution and highlight the great impact Vavilov has had by inspiring scientists across disciplines and over many decades.

Published
2022
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