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目的观察硬膜外镇痛复合右美托咪定静脉泵注对自然分娩产妇产后抑郁的影响。方法选取妇产科自然分娩产妇70例，产妇年龄22~36岁，单胎、头位、足月妊娠，ASA I或Ⅱ级。采用随机数字表法将患者随机分为对照组和实验组各35例，对照组产妇采用罗哌卡因+舒芬太尼实施硬膜外镇痛静脉复合生理盐水泵注（C组），试验组产妇在罗哌卡因+舒芬太尼实施硬膜外分娩镇痛静脉复合右美托咪定泵注（D组）。随访产妇产后1周、6周和12周抑郁程度评分。分别在产后12 h、48 h采集产妇空腹静脉血，测量两组产妇血清催乳素水平；记录两组产妇镇痛前（T1）、镇痛后10 min（T2）、镇痛后30 min（T3）及分娩后12 h（T4）、24 h（T5）五个时间点血流动力学（HR、MAP）水平，VAS评分以及Ramsay评分情况；记录两组产妇镇痛泵按压次数及不良反应情况。结果与C组比较，D组产妇产后1周爱丁堡产后抑郁量表（EPDS）评分明显降低；D组产妇产后12 h和48 h催乳素浓度明显升高；T2、T3、T4时VAS评分明显降低，T3时Ramsay评分明显升高，镇痛泵按压次数明显减少（P＜0.05）。结论硬膜外镇痛复合右美托咪定静脉泵注可减轻自然分娩产妇产后早期的抑郁程度，促进早期催乳素分泌，同时提供安全有效的辅助镇痛镇静效果。

为拓宽三丁酸甘油酯的应用范围，以三丁酸甘油酯为芯材，抗性糊精-明胶-海藻酸钠（RGS）、抗性糊精-明胶-海藻酸钠-月桂酸单甘酯（RGSG）、抗性糊精-明胶-壳聚糖（RGC）、抗性糊精-明胶-壳聚糖-月桂酸单甘酯（RGCG）为壁材，采用喷雾干燥法制备4种微胶囊，对微胶囊包埋率及产率、粒径分布、基本理化性质、颜色、结构特征及外观形貌进行分析，探究不同壁材对三丁酸甘油酯微胶囊性质的影响。结果表明：RGSG微胶囊包埋率（91.05%）及产率（90.46%）较高；与RGC、RGS微胶囊相比，RGSG、RGCG微胶囊的水分活度、粒径分布、流动性、吸湿性、亮度均有一定的改善；红外光谱及扫描电镜结果表明三丁酸甘油酯被壁材有效包埋起来，其中RGSG、RGCG微胶囊形成了更强的氢键。综上，RGSG制备的微胶囊综合性质优于其他3种壁材。In order to broaden the application range of tributyrin, using tributyrin as the core material, and resistant dextrin-gelatin-sodium alginate(RGS), resistant dextrin-gelatin-sodium alginate-glycerol monolaurate(RGSG), resistant dextrin-gelatin-chitosan(RGC), resistant dextrin-gelatin-chitosan-glycerol monolaurate(RGCG) as wall materials, four kinds of microcapsules were prepared by spray drying method. Tributyrin microcapsules were evaluated with regard to embedding rate and yield, particle-size distribution, basic physicochemical properties, color, structural characteristics and appearance. The results showed that RGSG as the wall material had higher embedding rate (91.05%) and yield (90.46%). Compared with RGS and RGC microcapsules, RGSG and RGCG microcapsules had better water activity, particle-size distribution, fluidity, hygroscopicity and brightness. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope revealed that tributyrin were effectively encapsulated. RGSG，RGCG as the wall materials formed more intense hydrogen bonds. In conclusion, the comprehensive properties of tributyrin microcapsules prepared with RGSG as wall material were better than those of the other three kinds of wall materials.

鱼油富含ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸、维生素A、维生素D和天然色素等营养物质，具有多种营养功效。为促进我国鱼油产业的绿色可持续发展，保障产品质量安全，结合国内外研究进展，分别从鱼油的绿色制备工艺、标准规范和营养功效等方面进行综述，梳理了应用于鱼油生产的水酶法、超临界流体萃取法、超声辅助提取法、微波辅助提取法等绿色制备工艺，基于国内外鱼油相关的标准规范，阐述了鱼油的基本成分和质量指标、污染物限量和添加剂限量等，探讨了鱼油在预防心血管疾病、抗炎和预防脑部疾病方面的营养功效，并针对鱼油应用中存在的问题进行了分析和展望。未来应深入研究鱼油制备新工艺，完善相关标准规范，并进一步探究其生物活性机制。 Fish oil is rich in nutrients such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA), vitamin A/D and natural pigments, and has a variety of nutritional efficacy. To promote the green and sustainable development of the fish oil industry of China and ensure the safety and quality of fish oil products, the green preparation process, standard specifications and nutritional efficacy of fish oil were reviewed based on recent progresses at home and abroad. Several green preparation processes, including aqueous enzymatic extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction methods were analyzed. Based on the relevant standard specifications of fish oil at home and abroad, the basic components and quality indicators, pollutant limits, and additive limits of fish oil were elaborated. The nutritional efficacy of fish oil in preventing cardiovascular diseases, anti-inflammation and preventing brain diseases were investigated, and the issues present in the application of fish oil were analyzed and prospected. In the future, it is necessary to conduct extensive research on the development of new preparation process for fish oil, as well as to improve the related standard specifications. Furthermore, it is essential to explore the biological activity mechanisms of fish oil in greater depth.

网络安全起源于计算机网络的理论测试，而随着信息与通信技术的发展，网络安全风险呈现出来源广（volume）、方式多（variety）、过程隐（visibility）与损失高（value）的“4V”特性，与之相伴的是网络空间形态与复杂度的双重变化。近期兴起的元宇宙风潮，使以人为中心构建出的网络空间拥有映射出真实世界的能力，也将真实世界暴露在网络安全风险之下。然而，网络安全监管没有跟上网络空间的变化，仍然在网络空间中寻求解决之道。介绍了一种网络安全平行监管系统——灵境卫士，它基于人工系统、计算实验与平行执行的ACP方法搭建，从信息-物理-社会系统（cyber-physical-social systems，CPSS）的视角改善当前网络安全监管的窘境。展示了灵境卫士在电信反诈骗与工业物联网场景下的应用方案，为其在不同领域的网络安全监管工作提供启发与借鉴。

目的 通过meta分析对比任务导向性训练（task-oriented training，TOT）与常规康复训练治疗卒中后患者平衡功能的疗效差异，探讨TOT治疗卒中患者平衡功能的效果。 方法 计算机检索Embase、PubMed、Cochrane、Web of Science以及中国知网、万方、维普数据库中从建库至2022年12月正式发表的关于TOT对卒中平衡功能影响的随机对照试验。结局指标包括Berg平衡量表（Berg balance scale，BBS）、起立-行走计时测试（timed up and go test，TUGT）、改良Barthel指数（modified Barthel index，MBI）、6分钟步行测试（6 minute walk test，6MWT）以及Fugl-Meyer评定量表下肢部分（Fugl-Meyer assessment-lower extremity，FMA-LE）。由两名研究者独立筛选文献，使用Cochrane偏倚风险评估工具评估文献质量并提取数据，采用RevMan 5.4软件对各项指标进行meta分析。 结果 本研究共纳入9项随机对照试验，包括474例受试者，其中TOT组238例，对照组（常规治疗）236例。meta分析结果显示，TOT组BBS评分（MD 4.11，95%CI 2.76～5.45，P＜0.001），TUGT评分（MD -3.24，95%CI -4.72～-1.75，P＜0.001），MBI评分（MD 9.55，95%CI 5.05～14.05，P＜0.001），FMA-LE评分（MD 3.92，95%CI 2.50～5.35，P＜0.001）与对照组相比，差异均有统计学意义，TOT组的改善更显著。在6MWT方面，TOT组与对照组的改善差异无统计学意义。 结论 TOT能改善卒中后患者的平衡控制能力，且比常规训练更有效，对患者下肢运动功能、功能灵活性和日常生活活动能力方面也有积极的影响，但对心肺功能无显著影响。 Abstract: Objective To compare the efficacy of task-oriented training (TOT) and conventional rehabilitation training in the treatment of balance function in post-stroke patients by meta-analysis, and to explore the effect of TOT on balance function in patients with stroke. Methods Randomized controlled clinical trials on the effects of TOT on stroke balance function were retrieved from Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP databases from the establishment of database to December 2022. Outcome measures included Berg balance scale (BBS), timed up and go test (TUGT), modified Barthel index (MBI), 6 minute walk test (6MWT) and Fugl-Meyer assessment-lower extremity (FMA-LE). Two researchers independently screened the literature, used the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool to assess the quality of the literature and extracted the data, and used RevMan 5.4 software for meta-analysis of each indicator. Results A total of 474 subjects were included in 9 randomized controlled trials, including 238 in the TOT group and 236 in the control group (conventional treatment). The results of meta-analysis showed that the BBS score (MD 4.11, 95%CI 2.76-5.45, P

目的分析高海拔地区藏族孕产妇妊娠晚期全血细胞计数（CBC）、糖化血红蛋白（GHbA1c）及甲状腺功能的相关性。方法回顾性分析2021年1月1日至2021年12月31日在西藏自治区昌都市察雅县人民医院住院分娩的妊娠≥28周藏族单胎妊娠孕产妇临床资料，共纳入研究对象374例。研究对象均在入院时分娩前完成CBC、GHbA1c及总三碘甲状腺原氨酸（TT3）、总甲状腺素（TT4）、促甲状腺激素（TSH）的检测。根据研究对象长期居住地的海拔高度将其分为三组：A组海拔高度P>0.05），实测贫血率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；经海拔校正后HB水平随海拔升高呈下降趋势，贫血率随海拔升高呈上升趋势，差异有统计学意义（PPP＜0.05）。结论高海拔地区藏族孕产妇妊娠晚期实测HB水平随海拔升高上升趋势不明显，海拔校正后贫血率大增。随海拔升高TSH呈下降趋势，海拔高度可能对妊娠晚期甲状腺相关激素有影响。妊娠晚期实测贫血与低T4水平相关，低T4水平、高PLT与GHbA1c升高有关，妊娠晚期实测HB、PLT及T4水平有望成为GDM的预测因子。

目的探索激素替代疗法（HRT-FET）周期中，单独使用阴道微粒化黄体酮（MVP）作为黄体支持时，血清低孕酮（P4）水平对活产、胎龄和新生儿出生体质量的不良影响是否可通过联合口服地屈孕酮（DYG）得到改善。方法本研究分析了单独使用MVP的549个HRT-FET周期，并匹配年龄、血清P4水平的同期联合使用MVP和DYG的495个周期。主要结果指标为活产率（LBR），次要结果为临床妊娠率（CPR）、孕周（GW）和新生儿出生体质量（BW）。结果验孕日孕酮P4上升是获得活产的保护因素，单独使用MVP情况下，P4水平vs. 40.7%，P＜0.001），CPR （34.6% vs. 50.1%，P＜0.001）、足月分娩率 （18.6% vs. 32.6%，P=0.003） 和新生儿正常出生体质量（normal birth weight， NBW）发生率（17.9% vs. 34.4%，Pvs. 40.6%，P=0.366），但显著延长新生儿分娩平均孕周［（37.28±3.01）周 vs.（38.36±1.48）周；P=0.043］，并提高新生儿NBW率（18.2% vs. 27.6%；P=0.039），降极低出生体质量和低出生体质量儿（LBW+VLBW）的比例（7.7% vs. 2.2%；P=0.037）。结论在单独使用MVP的HRT-FET周期中，低血清P4水平（

元宇宙作为虚实融生的三元世界，为人们提供了海量多样化的网络服务，但由于缺乏现实世界的面对面交流且无法打破地理与时间的限制，现有方案无法在高效认证数字公民的同时实现隐私保护与监管。基于此，提出一种面向元宇宙的数字公民身份认证方案。依据身份时效性设计分层认证方案，基于 Paillier 同态加密和保持结构性签名等算法实现去中心化标识符与可验证凭证的双重不可链接，并借助代码嵌入技术保障公民的被遗忘权，保护公民隐私；而且在认证过程中嵌入监管因子，以供日后追责。最后，安全性分析证明了所提方案满足不可链接性、可追溯性；性能分析表明了所提方案具有较低计算成本和Gas开销，可满足实际应用需求。

卒中后失语是由于脑血管病引起的神经功能缺损的重要症状之一，严重影响患者的认知和沟通，给患者、家庭和社会带来很大的精神及经济负担。近年来，功能磁共振成像被众多的研究者应用于研究卒中后失语的发病机制及恢复机制。本文综述了卒中后失语的影像学评估研究进展，旨在为探讨其发病机制、病变发展及恢复机制提供参考并展望研究方向。 Abstract: Post-stroke aphasia is one of the important neurological deficits caused by cerebrovascular diseases, which severely affects patients' cognition and communication, even brings heavy spirit and economic burden to patients themselves, their families and the society. In recent years, with the development of functional imaging, especially functional magnetic resonance imaging has been used by many researchers to study the pathogenesis and recovery mechanism of post-stroke aphasia. This article summarized the advances in imaging research of post-stroke aphasia, in order to provide reference for exploring the pathogenesis, disease progression and recovery mechanism, and forecast the future direction of research.

目的 探索烟雾病（moyamoya disease，MMD）患者血运重建术后非感染性发热的发病率、临床特点及其影响因素。 方法 回顾性分析2019年11月-2021年2月连续接受血运重建术治疗的MMD患者，收集患者人口学信息、MMD发病类型、既往病史、Suzuki分期、烟雾血管（前后循环）、手术类型和侧别、手术时长、术后血常规检查、术后体温和出院时mRS（＞2分为预后不良）等临床信息。以术后14 d内的是否出现非感染性发热（1次体温>38 ℃且无系统性感染证据）分为发热组和无发热组，采用多因素logistic回归分析术后发热的影响因素。 结果 共纳入110例MMD患者，累及143个大脑半球，91例次（63.6%）出现术后非感染性发热，其中81例次（89.0%）发生于术后2 d内。单因素分析发现，术后发热组中成人比例（74.7% vs. 88.5%，P=0.049）、男性比例（37.4% vs. 63.5%，P=0.003）、术后红细胞压积[（33.6±4.2）% vs.（35.8±4.3）%，P=0.004）]、红细胞计数[（3.9±0.5）×1012/L vs.（4.1±0.5）×1012/L，P=0.004]和白细胞计数[（11.4±3.6）×1012/L vs.（12.8±3.5）×1012/L，P=0.031]低于无发热组，后循环受累比例（35.2% vs. 11.5%，P=0.002）高于无发热组，另外，术后发热组出院预后不良率低于无发热组（4.4% vs. 15.4%，P=0.049）。logistic回归显示后循环受累的患者更易出现术后非感染性发热（OR 3.731，95%CI 1.265～10.998，P=0.017）。 结论 MMD患者在血运重建手术治疗后非感染性发热较常见，其中后循环受累的患者更易出现术后发热。 Abstract: Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors of postoperative non-infective fever (POF) after cerebral revascularization in moyamoya disease (MMD). Methods This retrospective study enrolled the consecutive patients with MMD who received revascularization surgery at Beijing Neurosurgical Institute between November 2019 and February 2021. Clinical information were collected and analyzed. The poor prognosis at discharge was defined as a mRS score >2. POF was defined as postoperative temperature > 38℃ without systematic infection evidence within 14 days after surgery. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the risk factors for POF. Results A total of 110 patients including143 hemispheres were included in the final analysis. POFs occurred in 91 patients (63.6%), 81 (89.0%) of whom had a fever within 2 days after surgery. Univariable analysis showed the proportion of adults (74.7% vs. 88.5%, P=0.049) and males (37.4% vs. 63.5%, P=0.003) and poor prognosis at discharge (4.4% vs. 15.4%, P=0.049), and postoperative hematocrit [(33.6±4.2)% vs. (35.8±4.3)%, P=0.004], red blood cell counts [(3.9±0.5)×1012/L vs. (4.1±0.5)×1012/L, P=0.004)], and white blood cell counts [(11.4±3.6)×1012/L vs. (12.8±3.5)×1012/L, P=0.031)] were lower in patients with POF than those in patients without POF, while the proportion of posterior circulation involvement (35.2% vs. 11.5%, P=0.002) was higher in patients with POF than that in ones without POF. Logistic regression analysis showed that the patients with posterior circulation involvement were more likely to have POF (OR 3.731, 95%CI 1.265-10.998, P=0.017). Conclusions POF was more common in MMD patients after cerebral revascularization, especially ones with posterior circulation involvement.

Objective To investigate the effect of the three-step auricular acupoint therapy in the treatment of chronic insomnia. Methods In this study, 30 patients with chronic insomnia were selected as the research objects. Based on the pre-treatment evaluation and health education, a three-step auricular acupoint therapy was carried out, in which auricular acupoint sticking and pressing therapy was performed followed by auricular acupoint massage and auricular acupoint scraping therapy. The patient sleep quality was evaluated by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI), and effect of three-step auricular acupoint therapy was evaluated. Results The total score of PSQI and scores of PSQI indicators including sleep quality, time to fall asleep, sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep disturbance, daytime dysfunction were lower than those before treatment (P

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of three-step auricular acupoint therapy in the treatment of elderly patients with tinnitus and insomnia. Methods In this study, 25 elderly patients with tinnitus and insomnia were selected as the research objects. The patients were treated with a three-step auricular acupoint therapy, in which auricular acupoint pressing therapy was performed followed by auricular acupoint massage and auricular acupoint scraping therapy. The primary outcomes observed were Tinnitus Effect Questionnaire(TEQ) score, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory(THI)score and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI). The effect of three-step auricular acupoint therapy was evaluated. Results The total effective rate of treatment was 100%. After treatment, the TEQ and THI scores were lower than those before treatment (P

Nocturia is one of the common clinical symptoms of lower urinary tract, with a high incidence, which not only seriously affects patients’ sleep quality and quality of life, but also increases risk of complications due to frequent night awakenings. This article reported a patient with nocturia treated by auricular acupoint sticking and pressing therapy. Experience of auricular acupoint selection by syndrome differentiation, operation method and basic nursing measures were summarized. auricular acupoint sticking and pressing therapy is an easy-to-operate, safe and effective therapy for nocturia. (夜尿症不仅严重影响患者睡眠, 降低生活质量, 还可能导致一系列并发症的发生。本文总结1例耳穴贴压疗法治疗夜尿症患者的相关护理经验, 包括辨证选穴、耳穴贴压操作方法、基础护理等, 耳穴贴压疗法操作简单、安全环保, 不仅能有效缓解夜尿症症状, 且患者接受度较高。)

目的既往有研究表明，输注较长时间储存的红细胞可能使疾病的预后变差，尤其是创伤、重症和接受心脏手术的病人。为了探讨在肿瘤病人当中，输注红细胞的储存时间对肿瘤病人的远期预后是否有影响，本回顾性研究分析了术中输注红细胞对肝细胞癌切除术后病人的复发及总生存率的影响。方法本研究收集了2008年8月1日至2012年6月30日于中山大学肿瘤防治中心（中国，广州）接受肝细胞癌切除术的病人1221例，分为输血组与未输血组，其中输血组根据输注红细胞的储存时间进一步分为新鲜红细胞组（储存时间≤14 d）和陈旧红细胞组（储存时间＞14 d）。对患者的总生存时间，肝内无复发生存时间，肝外无转移生存时间进行了分析，并采用多因素分析对不同储存时间的红细胞与肿瘤预后进行相关性分析。结果术中输注红细胞的病人共251例（20.6%），除14例患者新旧红细胞均有输注外，新鲜红细胞组112例，陈旧红细胞组125例。Kaplan–Meier生存分析显示输血组的总生存时间，肝内无复发生存时间，肝外无转移生存时间都更差（P=1.417， P=0.049）和肝内无复发生存时间（HR=1.519， P=0.013）的独立影响因素，新鲜红细胞却不是。结论在接受肝细胞癌切除术的病人中，术中输注储存时间超过14 d的库存红细胞会增加术后肝内复发的风险且会缩短总生存时间，是一个影响预后的独立危险因素。

目的分析食管鳞癌患者（ESCC组）与健康对照组（HC组）肿瘤组织菌群多样性，筛选出食管鳞癌患者肿瘤组织中特异性细菌。方法收集105例食管鳞癌患者肿瘤组织标本和54例健康对照者的食管组织标本，提取标本总DNA，用PCR方法扩增16S rDNA V4区，后行高通量测序，将数据做OTU聚类及多样性分析筛选食管鳞癌组织内特征菌。最后用定量PCR（Q-PCR）扩增方法验证筛选结果。结果多样性分析表明ESCC组肿瘤标本和HC组正常食管组织标本内菌群多样性及组成存在明显差异，物种分析表明ESCC组以梭杆菌属（Fusobacterium）、孪生球菌属（Gemella）、奈瑟菌属（Neisseria）、卟啉单胞菌属（Porphyromonas）、链球菌属（Streptococcus）为主，HC组以梭杆菌属（Fusobacterium）、放线杆菌属（Actinobacillus）、链球菌属（Streptococcus）、普雷沃氏菌属（Prevotella）为主，LEfSe分析表明ESCC组卟啉菌属、梭杆菌属丰度升高，且具有统计学差异（P

目的既往有多个报道结直肠癌转移方式的研究，但尚缺少基于长期随访并以死亡作为观察终点，总结CRC转移部位、发生率以及相关生存数据的研究。方法本研究回顾中山大学附属第六医院373例结直肠癌死亡患者资料，统计分析肿瘤转移的部位、发生率以及生存资料。结果334例（89.5%）患者为肿瘤相关性死亡，肝转移率为51.5%，肺转移率为40.4%，腹膜转移率为55.7%。单纯肝、肺、腹膜转移患者数分别为27例（8%）、21例（6.3%）、63例（18.9%）。单纯肺转移患者生存明显优于单纯肝转移或单纯腹膜转移（PP

目的为了研究慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）患者在核苷（酸）类（恩替卡韦（ETV）或替诺福韦（TDF））抗病毒治疗过程中外周单核细胞衍生的巨噬细胞 （MDMs） 的极化化状态的动态变化以及与HBV DNA、HBeAg的相关性。方法共纳入101例CHB患者和20名健康人的外周血标本。通过外周血单核细胞技术（PBMC）分离培养获得86例CHB患者和12例健康人的MDMs。采用流式细胞技术检测MDMs的特异性标志物（CD80，HLA-DR，CD163和CD206）的表达，从而评估MDMs的极化状态（即M1型/M2型极化状态）。通过qPCR检测15例CHB患者和8例健康对照中MDMs的炎症因子的mRNA水平表达。结果我们发现在CHB患者外周血中CD163+ CD206+MDMs（M2型MDMs）的比例较正常人群显著减少（P = 0.030）。同时，抑炎因子IL-10的mRNA水平表达也明显下降（P = 0.040）。随着核苷（酸）类似物抗病毒治疗的进展，CD163+ CD206+MDMs（M2型）的比例逐渐增加（P < 0.001），而CD80+HLA-DR+ MDMs（M1型）逐渐地降低（P = 0.005）。另外，M2型MDMs与HBeAg（P = 0.019），HBV DNA水平（P = 0.002），AST（P = 0.048）和ALT（P = 0.030）均呈负相关。ROC曲线分析表明M2型MDMs对CHB抗病毒治疗的病毒学应答率有一定的预测作用，可预测HBV DNA阴转率［ROC 95％CI为0.705（0.594，0.815）］和HBeAg的血清转化率［ROC 95％CI为0.740（0.634，0.847）］。结论CHB患者在核苷（酸）类抗病毒治疗过程中MDMs极化状态呈现规律动态变化，M2型MDMs与HBV DNA和HBeAg水平呈负相关，对CHB抗病毒治疗的病毒学应答率有一定预测作用。

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Gaseous, disc–halo interfaces are shaped by processes that are critical to galaxy evolution, including gas accretion and outflows. Extraplanar diffuse ionized gas (eDIG) layers are characterized by scale heights that largely exceed those predicted by their temperature, suggesting the presence of turbulent energy injection from star-formation feedback. However, the origin of this large-scale height remains uncertain. To explore the connection between eDIG and star-forming discs, we present a spatially resolved case study of a nearby pair of sub- |$L_*$|⁠ , intermediately inclined disc galaxies NGC 3511/3513. We decompose optical nebular lines observed using long-slit spectroscopy into narrow and broad velocity components. In NGC 3511, the broad component has three distinctive characteristics in comparison to the narrow component: (1) significantly higher velocity dispersions (a median |$\langle \sigma \rangle _{\text{Broad}} = 24$|  km s |$^{-1}$| compared to |$\langle \sigma \rangle _{\text{Narrow}} = 13$|  km s |$^{-1}$|⁠), (2) elevated [N  ii ] |$\lambda$| 6583/H |$\alpha$| and [S  ii ] |$\lambda$| 6716/H |$\alpha$| line ratios, and (3) a rotational velocity lag. These characteristics support the origin of the broad component in an extraplanar, gaseous disc. In NGC 3513, the broad component reveals disc–halo circulation via localized outflows at radius |$\lesssim 1$|  kpc. For NGC 3511, we test a vertical hydrostatic equilibrium model with pressure support supplied by thermal and turbulent motions. Under this assumption, the eDIG velocity dispersion corresponds to a scale height |$h_{z} \gtrsim 0.2 - 0.4$|  kpc at |$R = 3 - 5$|  kpc, a factor of a few above the thermal scale height (⁠|$h_{z} \lesssim 0.1$|  kpc). This highlights the importance of turbulent motions to the vertical structure of the gaseous, disc–halo interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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