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In our study, the protective role of synthetic aromatase inhibitors anastrozole (ANS), letrozole (LTZ) and exemestane (EXM) and natural aromatase inhibitors resveratrol (RSV) and apigenin (APG) against testicular failure caused by exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) was investigated. The epididymal sperm concentration, sperm motility and sperm morphology were determined. Oxidative stress and inflammatory response parameters were examined and histological examinations were performed in testicular tissues. Our results revealed that BPA exposure decreased serum testosterone and estrogen levels, increased FSH and LH levels (p < 0.05). BPA has been found to increase oxidative stress and inflammatory response and disrupt the histological structure. Also, BPA exposure decreased testicular weight, epididymal sperm concentration and motility, and increased abnormal sperm rate (p < 0.05). These results show that ANS, LTZ and RSV treatments reduce the BPA-induced testicular damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the search for alternative energy and chemical sources in response to the depletion of fossil resources. It focuses on the synthesis of furanic diols from biomass feedstocks using a zinc/bismuth-mediated allylation reaction. The authors propose a user-friendly, inexpensive, and high-yielding green method for the synthesis of biobased diols. The article provides experimental results, optimization of reaction conditions, and a protocol for the synthesis of various allyl-substituted diols. It also includes chemical data and synthesis procedures for various compounds. The document concludes with an acknowledgment and dedication to Prof. Dennis Curran. [Extracted from the article]

The detection and quantitation of bisphenol A (BPA) in the environment and food products has been a subject of considerable interest. BPA, a diphenylmethane derivative is a well-known industrial raw material with wide range of applications. It is a well-known endocrine disruptor and acts as an estrogen mimic. BPA is an environmental health concern and its accumulation in hydro-geological cycles is a matter of serious ecological peril. This review basically assesses various chemically modified electrodes composed of diverse components that have been employed to recognize BPA in different matrices. Electrochemical sensors prepared using graphene materials in combination with metals and polymers for selective detection of BPA have been discussed extensively. The emphasis is on detection of BPA in various samples encountered in routine use such as plastic bottles, receipts, baby feed bottles, milk samples, mineralized water, tissue paper, DVDs, and others. Although research in this field is in the exploratory stage, deeper insights into fundamental studies of sensing systems, fast analysis of real samples and validation of sensors are some of the factors that need major impetus. It is expected that chemically modified electrode-based sensing systems will soon take over as a viable option for monitoring diverse pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Mounting evidence shows that bisphenol A (BPA) is associated with metabolic risk factors. The aim of this study was to review related epidemiologic studies and conduct a meta‐analysis to quantitatively estimate the association between BPA and metabolic syndrome. Four electronic databases were systematically searched to identify suitable articles. A total of 47 published studies were finally included. Two studies involved metabolic syndrome. Of the 17, 17, 14, and 13 studies on the relationship between BPA with abdominal obesity, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and dyslipidemia, 10, 6, 3, and 4 studies were included in the meta‐analysis, respectively. The results showed that the risk of abdominal obesity increased with the increase of BPA exposure, especially in the group with higher BPA exposure levels (Quartile 2 vs. Quartile 1, pooled OR = 1.16, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.33; Q3 vs. Q1, pooled OR = 1.31, 95%CI: 1.13, 1.51; Q4 vs. Q1, pooled OR = 1.40, 95%CI: 1.21, 1.61). However, there was no significant correlation between BPA exposure and metabolic syndrome components including hypertension, abnormal fasting plasma glucose, and dyslipidemia. The present study found that BPA exposure is significantly associated with a higher risk of abdominal obesity. However, the relationship between BPA with metabolic syndrome and its other components needs further longitudinal studies to verify. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine pollution by various debris is rising in the context of increasing urbanization, industrialization and worldwide trade. Here, we review marine macro-litter with focus on sources, abundance, distribution, and impact on aquatic wildlife, human health, and the economy. We observe that about 75–80% of marine litter originates from land-based sources, including poorly managed landfills and improper disposal. Macro-litter ingestion by marine life is of growing concern, in particular concerning the presence of plastics and associated pollutants, e.g., bisphenol A and phthalates, in fishes. These pollutants are accumulated and transferred to human via seafood. Marine plastic pollution induces a substantial rise of economic costs due to the decline of ecosystem services. Mitigation of marine plastic pollution should be done by following the ten Rs principles of refuse, rethink, reduce, re-use, repair, refurbish, remanufacture, repurpose, recycle, and recover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promoting the Fe(II)/Fe(III) cycle efficiency is of wide interest for the broader applications of the Fenton process in water treatment sector. In this study, the alternating magnetic field (AMF) was employed to accelerate the reduction from Fe(III) to Fe(II). To achieve this purpose, a composite of nano-zero valence iron and NiFe2O4 was fabricated (denoted as Fe@NiFe2O4). Under the optimal reaction conditions, bisphenol A (BPA) was removed completely within 15 min by the Fe@NiFe2O4/H2O2 system in the presence of AMF, while only ∼60% was removed in the absence of AMF. The faster removal rate in the presence of AMF was ascribed to the elevated temperature caused by the inductive heating of Fe@NiFe2O4 (∼41°C according to the simulation). The simulator of the Fenton process was considered to be the leaked Fe(II) from the Fe part of the composite, as an equal concentration of Fe(II) (∼5.7 mg/L) resulted into a similar removal kinetic. However, the system with Fe@NiFe2O4 as the catalyst consumed less H2O2 in this process, indicating its different activation pathway from the conventional Fenton process. Electrochemical analysis confirmed that the AMF can generate the internal electric field within the composite particle. This field may facilitate the reduction from Fe(III) to Fe(II), which further benefitted the Fenton reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular region (AVPPVN) mediate sex-biased social behaviors across most species, including mammals. In mice, neural sex differences are thought to be established during a critical window around birth (embryonic (E) day 18 to postnatal (P) day 2) whereby circulating testosterone from the fetal testis is converted to estrogen in sex-dimorphic brain regions. Here, we found that AVPPVN neurons are sexually dimorphic by E15.5, prior to this critical window, and that gestational bisphenol A (BPA) exposure permanently masculinized female AVPPVN neuronal numbers, projections, and electrophysiological properties, causing them to display male-like phenotypes into adulthood. Moreover, we showed that nearly twice as many neurons that became AVP+ by P0 were born at E11 in males and BPA-exposed females compared to control females, suggesting that AVPPVN neuronal masculinization occurs between E11 and P0. We further narrowed this sensitive period to around the timing of neurogenesis by demonstrating that exogenous estrogen exposure from E14.5 to E15.5 masculinized female AVPPVN neuronal numbers, whereas a pan-estrogen receptor antagonist exposed from E13.5 to E15.5 blocked masculinization of males. Finally, we showed that restricting BPA exposure to E7.5-E15.5 caused adult females to display increased social dominance over control females, consistent with an acquisition of male-like behaviors. Our study reveals an E11.5 to E15.5 window of estrogen sensitivity impacting AVPPVN sex differentiation, which is impacted by prenatal BPA exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of Bisphenol A Glutaraldehyde Phenolic Resin (BPA-GA PF) was carried out under alkaline conditions using Bisphenol, A (BPA) and Glutaraldehyde (GA) as raw materials, with n-butanol serving as the solvent. Based on the aforementioned information, the researchers prepared modified BPA-GA PF resins by incorporating titanium (Ti), silicon (Si), and boron (B) through a polymer derivative method. This process led to the formation of Ti/Si/B-modified PF resins. By manipulating the proportion of elements in the BPA-GA PF, the modified phenolic resin demonstrated improved capacity for design and processing. The characterization of the modified BPA-GA PF involved the analysis of its transformation process and thermal behavior through the utilization of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The presence of B, Ti, and Si elements in the system resulted in the formation of Si–O-B and B-O bonds, as determined. The Ti/Si/B -modified PF exhibited a significant increase in yield. Analysis employing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that, following high-temperature annealing, the materials underwent a transformation into Ti/Si/B-modified PF with a highly cross-linked network structure. Oxidation experiments conducted under static conditions demonstrated that the Ti/Si/B-modified BPA-GA PF exhibited significantly greater high-temperature resistance compared to the BPA-GA PF. Among the various options, the Ti/Si/B-modified PF material with a Ti/Si ratio of 1:2 exhibited the most superior resistance to high-temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recent studies have shown that prenatal BPA exposure altered the transcriptome profiles of autism-related genes in the offspring's hippocampus, disrupting hippocampal neuritogenesis and causing male-specific deficits in learning. However, the sex differences in the effects of prenatal BPA exposure on the developing prefrontal cortex, which is another brain region highly implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), have not been investigated. Methods: We obtained transcriptome data from RNA sequencing analysis of the prefrontal cortex of male and female rat pups prenatally exposed to BPA or control and reanalyzed. BPA-responsive genes associated with cortical development and social behaviors were selected for confirmation by qRT-PCR analysis. Neuritogenesis of primary cells from the prefrontal cortex of pups prenatally exposed to BPA or control was examined. The social behaviors of the pups were assessed using the two-trial and three-chamber tests. The male-specific impact of the downregulation of a selected BPA-responsive gene (i.e., Sema5a) on cortical development in vivo was interrogated using siRNA-mediated knockdown by an in utero electroporation technique. Results: Genes disrupted by prenatal BPA exposure were associated with ASD and showed sex-specific dysregulation. Sema5a and Slc9a9, which were involved in neuritogenesis and social behaviors, were downregulated only in males, while Anxa2 and Junb, which were also linked to neuritogenesis and social behaviors, were suppressed only in females. Neuritogenesis was increased in males and showed a strong inverse correlation with Sema5a and Slc9a9 expression levels, whereas, in the females, neuritogenesis was decreased and correlated with Anxa2 and Junb levels. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of Sema5a in males also impaired cortical development in utero. Consistent with Anxa2 and Junb downregulations, deficits in social novelty were observed only in female offspring but not in males. Conclusion: This is the first study to show that prenatal BPA exposure dysregulated the expression of ASD-related genes and functions, including cortical neuritogenesis and development and social behaviors, in a sex-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that, besides the hippocampus, BPA could also exert its adverse effects through sex-specific molecular mechanisms in the offspring's prefrontal cortex, which in turn would lead to sex differences in ASD-related neuropathology and clinical manifestations, which deserves further investigation. Highlights: Prenatal BPA exposure altered the transcriptome-interactome profiles of ASD-related genes in the offspring's prefrontal cortex in a sex-specific pattern. Primary prefrontal cortical neurons isolated from male pups prenatally exposed to BPA exhibited increased neuritogenesis, while that was decreased in the cells from female pups. Deficits in social novelty were observed only in female pups prenatally exposed to BPA but not in males. Sema5a and Slc9a9 were reduced and showed an inverse correlation with neuritogenesis only in male pups exposed to BPA but not in females, suggesting that these genes may negatively regulate neuritogenesis in a male-specific manner. Anxa2 and Junb were suppressed and showed a correlation with impaired social novelty behavior only in female pups exposed to BPA but not in males, suggesting that these genes are involved in BPA-mediated social impairment in females only. siRNA-mediated knockdown of Sema5a in male embryos increased neuronal migration in the developing cortex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of endocrine disruptors including phenols and phthalates on adult lung function remain unclear. In the present study, data from 2007–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were extracted, and 4338 participants were included in the final analyses. The associations of three phenols and four phthalate metabolites with six lung function parameters were investigated. In generalized linear regression models (GLM) and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses, bisphenol A (BPA) was associated with decreased forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC), and 2,5-dichlorophenol (DCP) was associated with reduced FEV1, FVC and peak expiratory flow rate (PEF), and increased prevalence of restrictive lung function (RLF) in adults. Furthermore, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models demonstrated that mixed exposures to phenols and phthalates were linked to reduced FEV1, FVC and PEF and increased prevalence of RLF, and these associations were mainly driven by BPA and 2,5-DCP. In conclusion, mixed exposure to phenols and phthalates was linked to compromised and a restrictive pattern of lung function. The mechanisms of the effects of phenol and phthalate exposures on lung function and respiratory diseases need to be further investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor with reproductive toxicity. Further, 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3) plays an important role in male reproduction by binding vitamin D receptor (VDR) and mediating the pleiotropic biological actions that include spermatogenesis. However, whether VD3/VDR regulates the effect of BPA on Leydig cells (LCs) injury remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the effects of VD on BPA‐induced cytotoxicity in mouse LCs. Hereby, LCs treated with BPA, VD3, or both were subjected to the assays of cell apoptosis, proliferation, autophagy, and levels of target proteins. This study unveiled that cell viability was dose‐dependently reduced after exposure to BPA. BPA treatment significantly inhibited LC proliferation, induced apoptosis, and also downregulated VDR expression. By jointly analyzing transcriptome data and Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) data, autophagy signaling pathways related to testicular development and male reproduction were screened out. Therefore, the autophagy phenomenon of cells was further detected. The results showed that BPA treatment could activate cell autophagy, Vdr−/− inhibits cell autophagy, and active VD3 does not have a significant effect on the autophagy of normal LCs. After VD3 and BPA were used in combination, the autophagy of cells was further enhanced, and VD3 could alleviate BPA‐induced damage of LCs. In conclusion, this study found that supplementing VD3 could eliminate the inhibition of BPA on VDR expression, further enhance LCs autophagy effect, and alleviate the inhibition of LCs proliferation and induction of apoptosis by BPA, playing a protective role in cells. The research results will provide valuable strategies to alleviate BPA‐induced reproductive toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical compound extensively employed in plastic manufacturing, and this pollutant has been detected in diverse aquatic organisms, notably bivalves. In order to comprehend the ecological and toxicological consequences of BPA Bisphenol A in these organisms, it is essential to examine the physiological and biochemical effects and identify areas where our understanding is lacking. This knowledge is crucial for determining the environn ental threat posed by bisphenol A and assisting decision-makers in establishing the appropriate priorities. This investigation aimed to assess the impact of BPA on the biochemical and physiological parameters of the freshwater mussel Potomida littoralis. In a laboratory setting, mussels were subjected to two different levels of BPA (20 and 100 μg/L) for a duration of 21 days. Filtration rate was calculated from the clearance of neutral red, fed to mussels at different BPA concentrations. The mussel’s filtration rate capacity declined as BPA exposure intensified, potentially due to the mussel’s attempt to close its valves and minimize BPA absorption, thus preventing cellular damage. In the digestive gland tissue, key antioxidant and detoxification defenses, including catalase (CAT) activity, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity, and levels of H2O2 and glutathione (GSH), were activated, particularly at the 100 μg/L BPA concentration. This activation helped protect against lipid damage at higher BPA concentrations. This study underscores the significance of preventing and regulating BPA release into the environment to avert detrimental consequences for aquatic ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the association of blood and semen Bisphenol A (BPA) levels of the male partner on the reproductive outcome in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment cycles. For this prospective study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02703584), blood and semen samples of the male partner of the 75 women who had ICSI were analyzed. The study group consisted of men who had ICSI for male factor infertility other than azoospermia, while men with normal spermiogram whose partners underwent ICSI due to tubal factor infertility were taken as the study group. Habitual consumption of drinking water from plastic carboys/bottles (PBW) at home was also questioned in both groups as it was considered as chronic BPA exposure. The association of ICSI outcome with blood BPA (bBPA) and semen BPA (sBPA) levels was analyzed in both groups. No significant correlation was found between sperm parameters and bBPA levels in both groups. A negative correlation was found between sBPA levels and total sperm count and progressive sperm motility in men who consumed PBW. Embryo development arrest was found to be significantly higher in patients who have high sBPA levels. Although sBPA levels were not different in PBW consumers, bBPA levels were found to be significantly lower in those who consumed tap water (TW) than those who used PBW. Elevated bBPA were associated with a significant decrease in clinical pregnancy rate. Considering the widespread human exposure to BPA, the effect of BPA on the male reproductive system needs to be further examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of natural clay minerals for the adsorption of endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs) presents a cost‐effective and environmentally friendly approach. However, the hydrophilic nature of clay minerals' surface limits their efficacy in removing these hydrophobic pollutants. To overcome these limitations, this study employed two cationic surfactants, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), to modify kaolin minerals to enhance their capacity to adsorb a specific type of EDCs, bisphenol A (BPA), and its analogs. The experimental results validated that the surfactant‐modified kaolin exhibited remarkable efficiency in removing BPA from water. The equilibrium adsorption capacities of CPC‐K and CTAC‐K for BPA were determined to be 11.4 mg/g (pH = 2.0–8.0) and 13.4 mg/g (pH = 2.0–6.5), respectively. Kinetic analysis revealed that the BPA adsorption followed a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic process, while isotherm analysis suggested that the BPA adsorption was better described by the Freundlich model (R2 = 0.993–0.998). The surfactant‐modified kaolin demonstrated a retention of over 70% of its initial adsorption capacity after five cycles of desorption and regeneration, further confirming its potential for recycling. Additionally, these modified adsorbents exhibited excellent compatibility in removing bisphenol analogs. These findings provide valuable insights into the practical application of surfactant‐modified clay minerals for the elimination of hydrophobic organic pollutants from water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Like other Fenton systems, the PDS-based Fenton system still faces the bottleneck of the rapid conversion of Fe(II) to Fe(III) in the system. Our previous researches have found that Fullerol could promote the Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycle in two ways: 1. Fullerol directly reduces Fe(III) into Fe(II); 2. Fullerol complexed with Fe(III) to generate Fullerol-Fe(III) complex with lower redox potential, thereby promoting the formation of Fe(II). This is undoubtedly a good way to solve the bottleneck of the PDS-based Fenton systems, while in recent years, new ideas have been put forward about the type of reactive oxidizing species (ROS) in the PDS-based Fenton systems: ferryl ion species (Fe(IV)) was formed, and played a role of pollutants degradation. In this study, we proved the formation of Fe(IV) during C60 Fullerol–enhanced Fenton-like activation of PDS with visible light irradiation. The experimental results showed that Fe(IV), SO4·− and OH were analyzed in the Fe(III)/PDS/Fullerol system by probes and EPR experiments. The yield of methyl phenyl sulfone (η(PMSO2)) and the results of p-CBA experiment indicated that both Fe(IV) and ·OH played an important role in the Fe(III)/PDS/Fullerol system. Combined with Fe(II) formation and PDS consumption results, it is indicated that with the addition of Fullerol, the Fe(II)/PDS molar ratio increased, and changed major oxidizing intermediate from ·OH to Fe(IV). Under visible light condition, the oxidation rates of BPS in the Fe(III)/PDS/Fullerol system were about 1.55 × 10–2 min−1, which was about five times that of the Fe(III)/PDS system at pH 3.0 (3.10 × 10–3 min−1). This study found that in the Fe(III)/PDS/Fullerol system, both Fe(IV) and ·OH play a role in the degradation of BPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

17ß-Estradiol (E2) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical that has become a matter of concern across the globe for more than a decade due to potential health risks. This study reports facile methods to fabricate label-free aptasensor based on the non-Faradaic impedance mode using amine-functionalized graphene oxide polypyrrole (NH2-GO/PPy)-modified gold interdigitated electrode for direct capacitive detection of 17β-estradiol. The as-prepared NH2-GO/PPy nanocomposites have been successfully characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that NH2-GO/PPy/IDE was able to detect E2 binding through aptamer conformational change by simply observing the capacitance change before and after immobilization. In addition, the biosensor showed a dynamic range of detection from 100 nM to 1 pM with a low detection limit of about 0.13 pM. The recoveries result also presented in this paper was validated using HPLC exhibited high sensitivity for bisphenol-A (BPA) detection and was successfully applied to detect E2 in real water samples with good recoveries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to estimate and compare dietary exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) in exclusively breastfed (EBF) and breastfed plus formula-fed (BF + FF) infants. A total of 70 mothers and their 0–6 month-old infants (40 in the EBF group and 30 in BF + FF group) were included in the study. After the questionnaire form was applied to the mothers, maternal breast milk, infant formula, and infant urine were collected from mother-infant dyads. Total BPA levels in breast milk, infant formula, and infant urine samples were analyzed by the high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). While BPA was detected in 92.5% of the breast milk samples in the EBF group (mean ± SD = 0.59 ± 0.29 ng/mL), BPA was detected in all of the breast milk samples in the BF + FF group (mean ± SD= 0.72 ± 0.37 ng/mL) (p < 0.05). Similarly, 100% of the infant formula samples in the BF + FF group had detectable levels of BPA (mean ± SD = 7.54 ± 1.77 ng/g formula). The mean urinary BPA levels in the EBF infants (4.33 ± 1.89 µg/g creatinine) were not statistically different from the BF + FF infants (5.81 ± 0.11 µg/g creatinine) (p > 0.05). The average daily BPA intake in EBF infants (0.18 ± 0.13 µg/kg body weight (bw)/day) was found to be significantly higher than in BF + FF infants (0.12 ± 0.09 µg/kg bw/day) (p < 0.05). The estimated dietary intakes of BPA for infants in both groups were below the temporary tolerable daily intake (t-TDI) (4 µg/kg bw/day). Consequently, BPA intake of EBF and BF + FF infants were within safe daily limits during the first six months of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenols and phthalates are wide classes of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) extensively used as additives in plastic products. In this study, a fast and reliable analytical method based on matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) coupled with LC-MS/MS was developed and optimized for simultaneous determination of 8 bisphenols and 7 phthalates in raw mussel extract. The LC-MS/MS method was tested for linearity (R2), inter- and intra-day repeatability, limit of detection and quantification, both for matrix-free and matrix-matched solutions. The MSPD method was optimized in terms of ratio between sample and sorbent, and the type and quantity of the eluents in order to maximize the recoveries and to minimize matrix effects. The obtained recoveries (values between 75% and 113%), limits of detection (values between 0.048 and 0.36 µg kg−1), limits of quantification (values between 0.16 and 1.28 µg kg−1), repeatability (RSD% between 1.30% and 8.41%) and linearity (R2 > 0.998) were satisfactory and suitable for the determination of target micropollutants in food samples. In addition, the low solvent consumption and fast execution make this method ideal for routinely determinations of bisphenols and phthalates in mussels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA), an important component of the plastics industry, is characterized as an endocrine disrupting toxic substance for aquatic organisms. This study focused on the toxic effects of BPA on endangered Danube sturgeon larvae (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii). In the study, LC50 values for five different BPA concentrations (100, 200, 400, 800, 1200 μg/L) were observed as 803.4 μg/L, 63.1 μg/L, and 39.6 μg/L at 24th, 48th a nd 72nd hours, respectively. Especially, the lethal effect of BPA on the larvae was remarkable after the 24th hour. On the other hand, histopathological changes were examined based on the LC50 value at the 24th hour. Vacuolization symptom was noted in the gills of the larvae. In addition, vacuolization and melanomacrophage centers caused a severe degradation in liver and kidney tissues of BPA group. In the intestine, the number of goblet cells per ville was lower in the BPA group. As a result, it has been proven by LC50 and histopathological studies that BPA has high toxicity in A. gueldenstaedtii larvae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastics, while providing modern conveniences, have become an inescapable source of global concern due to their role in environmental pollution. Particularly, the focus on bisphenol A (BPA) reveals its biohazardous nature and association with liver issues, specifically steatosis. However, research indicates that BPA is just one facet of the problem, as other bisphenol analogues, microplastics, nanoplastics and additional plastic derivatives also pose potential risks. Notably, BPA is implicated in every stage of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) onset and progression, surpassing hepatitis B virus as a primary cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. As plastic contamination tops the environmental contaminants list, urgent action is needed to assess causative factors and mitigate their impact. This review delves into the molecular disruptions linking plastic pollutant exposure to liver diseases, emphasizing the broader connection between plastics and the rising prevalence of NAFLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease in which the death of motor neurons leads to loss of muscle function. Additionally, cognitive and circadian disruptions are common in ALS patients, contributing to disease progression and burden. Most ALS cases are sporadic, and environmental exposures contribute to their aetiology. However, animal models of these sporadic ALS cases are scarce. The small vertebrate zebrafish is a leading organism to model neurodegenerative diseases; previous studies have proposed bisphenol A (BPA) or β-methylamino- l -alanine (BMAA) exposure to model sporadic ALS in zebrafish, damaging motor neurons and altering motor responses. Here we characterise the face and predictive validity of sporadic ALS models, showing their potential for the mechanistic study of ALS drugs. We phenotypically characterise the BPA and BMAA-induced models, going beyond motor activity and motor axon morphology, to include circadian, redox, proteostasis, and metabolomic phenotypes, and assessing their predictive validity for ALS modelling. BPA or BMAA exposure induced concentration-dependent activity impairments. Also, exposure to BPA but not BMAA induced motor axonopathy and circadian alterations in zebrafish larvae. Our further study of the BPA model revealed loss of habituation to repetitive startles, increased oxidative damage, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and metabolome abnormalities. The BPA-induced model shows predictive validity, since the approved ALS drug edaravone counteracted BPA-induced motor phenotypes, ER stress, and metabolic disruptions. Overall, BPA exposure is a promising model of ALS-related redox and ER imbalances, contributing to fulfil an unmet need for validated sporadic ALS models. [Display omitted] • We characterise face and predictive validity of zebrafish models of sporadic ALS (sALS). • Phenotypes of sALS models include behavioural impairments and axonopathy. • BPA-induced sALS model shows altered metabolism and increased ER/redox stress. • ALS drug edaravone counteracts sALS phenotypes, modulating ER stress and metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The instability and clumping of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals in polar solutions have limited their practical use. In this paper, a convenient and effective surface modification strategy was applied to substitute the typical oleic acid (OA) with 3-bromopropionic acid (BPA) ligand for the one-step synthesis of CsPbBr 3 NCs in the absence of any inert gas atmosphere with water as the non-solvent. Thanks to the synergistic effect of BPA and OAm on the surface of CsPbBr 3 NCs, it has excellent dispersibility while exhibiting excellent stability in water. Even after being fully submerged in water for 168 h, the material can still emit a vibrant green light, and the emission peak position is stable at 520 nm. In contrast, the CsPbBr 3 NCs of the OA ligand were completely burst in water within minutes. This study opens the door for the direct synthesis and preservation of CsPbBr 3 NCs in the aqueous phase, which will be an important step in advancing their large-scale applications in extreme environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanism of PMS activation by the FeCo/CNS/PMS system. [Display omitted] • FeCo/CNS is synthesized through a facile impregnation and followed by a pyrolysis process. • FeCo/CNS effectively activates PMS to degrade organic pollutants (BPA and TC) and demonstrates notable efficacy in bacterial inactivation. • Potential intermediates were identified through a combination of LC-MS and theoretical computational analysis. Magnetic carbon-based catalysts with environmental friendliness have exhibited prominent effects on advanced oxidation processes. Herein, a multi-level FeCo/ N -doped carbon nanosheet (FeCo/CNS) was synthesized by facile impregnation iron-cobalt salt onto cotton and followed by confined pyrolysis. We identified excellent advantages of the modified FeCo/CNS materials: (i) The convenience of the synthesis method and (ii) The dual effect of sterilization and contaminant degradation achieved through the FeCo/CNS-activated Peroxymonosulfate (PMS). The comparative experimental showed that FeCo/CNS could provide favorable catalytic performance, completely removing bisphenol A (BPA) and tetracycline (TC) within 5 min. Moreover, the potent sterilization properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were also verified. Analysis of the degradation pathway confirmed the existence of intermediates, and toxicological research demonstrated that the toxicity of the degradation intermediates of BPA gradually decreased over time. Our research provided an excellent application of FeCo/CNS in PMS oxidation and sterilization inactivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental pollution, such as water contamination, is a critical issue that must be absolutely addressed. Here, three different morphologies of tungsten-based photocatalysts (WO 3 nanorods, WO 3 /WS 2 nanobricks, WO 3 /WS 2 nanorods) are made using a simple hydrothermal method by changing the solvents (H 2 O, DMF, aqueous HCl solution). The as-prepared nanocatalysts have excellent thermal stability, large porosity, and high hydrophilicity. The results show all materials have good photocatalytic activity in aqueous media, with WO 3 /WS 2 nanorods (NRs) having the best activity in the photodegradation of bisphenol A (BPA) under visible-light irradiation. This may originate from increased migration of charge carriers and effective prevention of electron‒hole recombination in WO 3 /WS 2 NRs, whereby this photocatalyst is able to generate more reactive •OH and •O 2 – species, leading to greater photocatalytic activity. About 99.6% of BPA is photodegraded within 60 min when using 1.5 g/L WO 3 /WS 2 NRs and 5.0 mg/L BPA at pH 7.0. Additionally, the optimal conditions (pH, catalyst dosage, initial BPA concentration) for WO 3 /WS 2 NRs are also elaborately investigated. These rod-like heterostructures are expressed as potential catalysts with excellent photostability, efficient reusability, and highly active effectivity in different types of water. In particular, the removal efficiency of BPA by WO 3 /WS 2 NRs reduces by only 1.5% after five recycling runs and even reaches 89.1% in contaminated lake water. This study provides promising insights for the nearly complete removal of BPA from wastewater or different water resources, which is advantageous to various applications in environmental remediation. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The highly produced bisphenol A can disrupt the homeostasis of the endocrine system. • Previous finding confirmed a higher concentration of bisphenol A in the young persons. • Conventional methods for bisphenol A elimination are not cost-efficient. • Plants naturally develop an efficient mechanism for contaminant removal. • Various advanced strategies can be applied to eliminate bisphenol A. Bisphenol A (BPA) accumulates in the environment at lethal concentrations because of its high production rate and utilization. BPA, originating from industrial effluent, plastic production, and consumer products, poses serious risks to both the environment and human health. The widespread aggregation of BPA leads to endocrine disruption, reactive oxygen species-mediated DNA damage, epigenetic modifications and carcinogenicity, which can disturb the normal homeostasis of the body. The living being in a population is subjected to BPA exposure via air, water and food. Globally, urinary analysis reports have shown higher BPA concentrations in all age groups, with children being particularly susceptible due to its occurrence in items such as milk bottles. The conventional methods are costly with a low removal rate. Since there is no proper eco-friendly and cost-effective degradation of BPA reported so far. The phytoremediation, green-biotechnology based method which is a cost-effective and renewable resource can be used to sequestrate BPA. Phytoremediation is observed in numerous plant species with different mechanisms to remove harmful contaminants. Plants normally undergo several improvements in genetic and molecular levels to withstand stress and lower levels of toxicants. But such natural adaptation requires more time and also higher concentration of contaminants may disrupt the normal growth, survival and yield of the plants. Therefore, natural or synthetic amendments and genetic modifications can improve the xenobiotics removal rate by the plants. Also, constructed wetlands technique utilizes the plant's phytoremediation mechanisms to remove industrial effluents and medical residues. In this review, we have discussed the limitations and futuristic advancement strategies for degrading BPA using phytoremediation-associated mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, the implementation of a smartphone‐based portable molecularly imprinted photonic crystal hydrogel (MIPCH) colorimetric sensor for the visual and label‐free detection of bisphenol A (BPA) in water samples is reported. The sensor is prepared by photopolymerizing BPA‐added hydrogel precursor solution within the voids of a photonic crystal opal film, followed by the extraction of BPA molecules. Rebinding of the BPA analyte to the MIPCH causes the hydrogel to swell, leading to a significant redshift in the diffracting spectrum. The MIPCH sensor exhibits a low limit of detection of 0.96  ×  10−15 m. The sensor also shows linear response in the femtomolar range, rapid responsiveness (≤6 min), selective detection of BPA in complex matrices, long‐term stability, and reproducibility. Images of the sensor responses are used to train a deep‐learning‐based regression model on a smartphone to predict the BPA concentration quantitatively. Integration of the regression model with the developed sensor provides an accurate and portable smart sensor platform well‐suited for real‐time and on‐field monitoring of BPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA), known for its endocrine-disrupting properties and potential to leach into food products, has led to significant food safety concerns. Therefore, the development of sensitive and selective BPA rapid detection methods is crucial. In this study, molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction coupled to a colorimetric method was adopted for the smartphone-based determination of BPA. The molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was prepared via photopolymerization and used as a selective adsorbent material for SPE columns. The solid-phase extraction (SPE) columns with multiple cycles significantly reduced the extraction time to only 30 min. The developed method demonstrates useful sensitivity for BPA (LOD = 30 ppb). Furthermore, BPA migration from plastic packaging was evaluated under different storage conditions, revealing that microwave treatment for 5 min led to BPA release from polycarbonate packaging in juice and basic solutions. The MIP selective extraction/clean-up and smartphone-based optical sensor were successfully applied to BPA standard solutions and complex food samples (e.g., juice and tap water), resulting in reproducible and selective BPA determination (RSD ≤ 6%, n = 3). This rapid and cost-effective method of producing MIPs for BPA offers a promising solution for fast and low-cost sensing for on-site fresh food analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to detail the monomer composition of resin-based dental materials sold in the market in 2023 and to evaluate the proportion of bisphenol A (BPA)-derivatives in relation to their applications. A search on manufacturers' websites was performed to reference resin-based dental materials currently on the European market (including the European Union (EU) and United Kingdom (UK). Their monomer composition was determined using material-safety data sheets and was completed by a search on the PubMed database. Among the 543 material compositions exploitable, 382 (70.3%) contained BPA derivatives. Among them, 56.2% contained BisGMA and 28% BisEMA, the most frequently reported. A total of 59 monomers, of which six were BPA derivatives, were found. In total, 309 materials (56.9%) contained UDMA and 292 (53.8%) TEGDMA. Less than one third of materials identified contained no BPA derivatives. These proportions vary a lot depending on their applications, with materials dedicated to the dental care of young populations containing the highest proportions of BPA-derivative monomers. The long-term effects on human health of the different monomers identified including BPA-derivative monomers is a source of concern. For children and pregnant or lactating women arises the question of whether to take a precautionary principle and avoid the use of resin-based dental materials likely to release BPA by opting for alternative materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA) has been classified as an endocrine-disrupting substance that may cause adverse effects on human health and the environment. The development of simple and sensitive electrochemical biosensors is crucial for the rapid and effective quantitative determination of BPA. This work presents a study on electrochemical sensors utilizing gold nanoparticle-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT/AuNPs). Glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) and screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) were conveniently modified and used for BPA detection. AuNPs were electrodeposited onto the CNT-modified electrodes using the galvanostatic method. The electrodes were properly modified and characterized by using Raman spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance analysis (EIS). The electrochemical response of the sensors was studied using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and constant potential amperometry (CPA) for modified GCE and SPE electrodes, respectively, and the main analytical parameters were studied and optimized. Problems encountered with the use of GCEs, such as sensor degradation and high limit of detection (LOD), were overcome by using modified SPEs and a flow injection device for the measurements. Under this approach, an LOD as low as 5 nM (S/N = 3) was achieved and presented a linear range up to 20 μM. Finally, our investigation addressed interference, reproducibility, and reusability aspects, successfully identifying BPA in both spiked and authentic samples, including commercial and tap waters. These findings underscore the practical applicability of our method for accurate BPA detection in real-world scenarios. Notably, the integration of SPEs and a flow injection device facilitated simplified automation, offering an exceptionally efficient and reliable solution for precise BPA detection in water analysis laboratories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the rapid determination of bisphenol A in drinking water, a membrane test system has been developed using a conjugate of gold nanoparticles with an aptamer that specifically binds the target analyte, and a conjugate of mercaptosuccinic acid with a carrier protein impregnated in the test zone of the strip. The working principle of the test system is based on the binding of free gold nanoparticles in the test zone, formed as a result of the competitive interaction of the aptamer with bisphenol A and its release from the surface of gold nanoparticles. Conjugates of gold nanoparticles with aptamers of different compositions were obtained and tested. Optimal conditions were selected to ensure the achievement of a low detection limit for bisphenol A. The developed test system allows the detection of bisphenol A within 15 min with a detection limit of 13.5 ng/mL. The suitability of the test system was confirmed when testing drinking water; the recovery values of bisphenol A ranged from 88.2 to 101.3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a highly efficient PVA-NiO/rGO nanostructure material (NSMs) is prepared from functionalized reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets with nickel oxide nanomaterial and polyvinyl alcohol. The asprepared NSMs adsorbent demonstrated excellent ability to remove bisphenol-A (BPA) from aqueous systems. The engineered PVA-NiO/rGO NSMs was characterized using various analytical tools, such as XRD, EDX, SEM, and EDX mapping. These studies demonstrated the crystalline porous structure of PVANiO/rGO NSMs with an average size of 61.5 nm and elemental compositions of 31.9%, 30.8%, and 30.6% for nickel, oxygen, and carbon atoms, respectively. Further, PVA-NiO/rGO nanoadsorbent was used for BPA removal, and the adsorption results showed that the nanoadsorbent exhibited a remarkable 98.6% removal efficiency of BPA in aqueous media under optimized conditions, such as pH 9, an adsorbent dose of 2.5 mg, and an 80 mg L-1 BPA concentration. The adsorption capacity of the nanoadsorbent for BPA was determined to be 104.72 mg g-1. Further, three different isotherm models, i.e., Langmuir, Freundlich, and D-R models, were employed to evaluate the adsorption behavior of the PVA-NiO/rGO nanoadsorbent. The results indicated that the Langmuir isotherm model provided the best fit, with an R² value of 0.9909, suggesting that the surface was homogeneous for the adsorption of BPA. Additionally, the performance of the nanoadsorbent was tested in synthetic and river water samples to assess its practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The structure of MnO 2 was modified by constructing the composites CeO 2 / MnO 2 via a facile hydrothermal method. The catalytic performance of optimal composite (Mn-Ce10) in peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation for the degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) is approximately three times higher than that of MnO 2 alone. The average valence of manganese in CeO 2 /MnO 2 is lowered compared to MnO 2 , which induces the generation of more free radicals, such as OH and SO 4 •−. In addition, the composite exhibits a higher concentration of oxygen vacancies than MnO 2 , facilitating bonding with PMS to produce more singlet oxygen (1O 2). Moreover, the incorporation of CeO 2 activates the lattice oxygen of MnO 2 , improving its oxidative ability. Consequently, approximately 48% of BPA decomposition in 10min is attributed to direct oxidation in the Mn-Ce10/PMS system, whereas only 36% occurs in 30min for the MnO 2 /PMS system. Simulation results confirm weakened Mn-O covalency and elongated Mn-O bonds due to the activation of lattice oxygen in CeO 2 /MnO 2 , demonstrating that PMS tends to be adsorbed on the composite rather than on MnO 2. This work establishes a relationship between lattice oxygen and the degradation pathway, offering a novel approach for the targeted regulation of catalytic oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical upcycling of plastic waste has garnered global attention due to its sustainable approach to addressing the growing plastic waste accumulation problem and facilitating the establishment of a circular plastic economy. Methanolysis is a chemical upcycling process for the depolymerization of post-consumer polycarbonates and polyesters into their monomeric feedstock, which generally requires an excess amount of co-solvents and homogeneous inorganic salts. Herein, a solvent-free heterogeneous catalytic chemical upcycling of poly(bisphenol A carbonate) (BPA-PC) and poly(lactic Acid) (PLA) is proposed for the production of bisphenol A (BPA) and methyl lactate (ML) with a high yield using SBA-15 functionalized basic ionic liquid catalysts. Among all the synthesized catalysts, SBA-15-Pr-MIM-OH exhibited the highest basicity and demonstrated the best performance for depolymerization of PC and PLA at 120 °C, completing the reaction in 1 h and 4 h, respectively, with a complete conversion and a monomer yield of >98%. The reaction condition was optimized to get the best catalytic performance and product selectivity. Furthermore, the "one-pot" depolymerization strategy was applied for the chemical upcycling of mixed plastic waste (BPA-PC/and PLA) to their monomers. A detailed depolymerization pathway is provided, supported by FT-IR spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and TGA. The parameters for green chemistry metrics were evaluated to show the efficiency and sustainability of the proposed system, opening doors for the industrial upscaling of plastic depolymerization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between follicular fluid Bisphenol A (BPA) concentrations with alterations in the expressions of NOTCH1-3, CASPASE 3/7, HLA-G, and ICAM-1 genes and the number of retrieved mature oocytes (MII oocyte) in the cumulus cells of infertile poor ovarian response stimulates women. Materials and Methods:In this prospective cohort study, 80 infertile unexpected poor ovarian response (POR) subjects were selected on the basis of subgroup 1a of the POSEIDON classification. They were divided into two groups: group 1 consisted of 40 women, each with a higher number of metaphase II (MII) oocytes (G1, 3-4 oocytes retrieved), while group 2 comprised of 40 women, each with a lower number of MII oocytes (G2, ≤2 oocytes retrieved). The expressions of the studied genes were evaluated by quantitative-real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The concentration of BPA in follicular fluid was measured with HPLC. Results: The expression levels of NOTCH1-3, HLA-G, and ICAM-1 genes were significantly lower in G2 than G1 (P<0.05). Meanwhile, CASPASE 3/7 expression levels were higher in unexpected POR patients in G2 compared to G1 (P<0.05). There was a significant direct correlation between the levels of NOTCH1-3, HLA-G and ICAM-1 gene expressions and there was also a significant inverse correlation (P<0.05) between the levels of CASPASE 3/7, with the number of MII oocytes and embryo development between the two groups. The concentration of BPA in the follicular fluids of G2 was higher compared to G1 (P<0.05). Conclusion: A higher concentration of BPA was associated with a lower number of mature oocytes and oocyte quality in these patients. Also, alterations of NOTCH1-3, CASPASE 3/7, HLA-G, and ICAM-1 transcript levels in unexpected POR women were associated with BPA concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowing the impacts of bisphenol A (BPA) on human health, this systematic review aimed to gather the analytical methods for the quantification of BPA release of BPA in dental materials in in vitro and in vivo (biological fluids) studies. A brief critical discussion of the impacts of BPA on human health and the possible association with BPA in dental materials was also presented. The research was carried out by three independent researchers, (according to PRISMA guidelines) in PUBMED and SCOPUS databases, by searching for specific keywords and articles published between January 2011 and February 2022. Seventeen articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in this systematic review: 10 in vitro and 7 in vivo. In in vitro studies, the highest amounts of BPA released were from flowable to conventional resins, followed by resin-modified glass ionomer. In contrast, the smallest amount was released from "BPA-free" composites and CAD-CAM blocks. Regarding in vivo studies, a higher concentration of BPA were found in saliva than urine or blood. The best analytical method for trace quantifying BPA is LC-MS/MS (Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry) due to its selectivity, low quantification limits, and the unequivocal identification. However, further studies are required to develop faster and more sensitive methods, in order to obtain more reliable results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a green and practical analytical method based on natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) as extraction agents and nano-liquid chromatography as a separation technique was developed. To demonstrate the applicability of the methodology, alkylphenols and bisphenol A were evaluated as model compounds in olive and sunflower oils as model fatty samples by liquid–liquid microextraction. With this aim, several NADES based on mixtures of choline chloride with glycerol, lactic, ascorbic, and citric acids or glycerol with amino acids were evaluated as potential extraction solvents. In addition, to select the most suitable stationary phase for the separation of this group of contaminants, some stationary phases were tested, including Pinnacle II phenyl, Cogent Bidentate C18™, and XBridge® C18. The last one provided the best performance with an analysis time of 11 min. To solve the problem of the compatibility of hydrophilic NADES with chromatographic systems without harming the solubility of analytes, different aqueous organic mixtures were tested. Methanol/water mixtures were the most suitable as an injection solvent. Finally, following the White Analytical Chemistry principles, different tools were used to evaluate the greenness, the practicality, and applicability of the method based on the Analytical Eco-Scale, the Analytical GREEnness metric approach, and the Blue Applicability Grade Index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential of bisphenol A (BPA)-binding peptides fused to magnetic beads is demonstrated as novel adsorbents that are reusable and highly selective for BPA removal from aqueous environments, in which various interfering substances coexist. Magnetic beads harboring peptides (peptide beads) showed a higher BPA removal capacity (8.6 mg/g) than that of bare beads without peptides (2.0 mg/g). The BPA adsorption capacity of peptide beads increased with the number of peptides fused onto the beads, where monomeric, dimeric, or trimeric repeats of a BPA-binding peptide were fused to magnetic beads. The BPA-adsorbing beads were regenerated using a methanol–acetic acid mixture, and after six regeneration cycles, the adsorption capacity remained above 87% of its initial capacity. The selective removal of BPA was confirmed in the presence of BPA analogs with high structural similarity (bisphenol F and bisphenol S) or in synthetic wastewater. The present work is a pioneering study that investigates the selective affinity of peptides to remove specific organics with high selectivity from complex environmental matrices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increased interest in the use of polymer composites with natural, biodegradable and renewable fillers is the result of increased awareness of the environment. Therefore, the search for new materials that meet the above expectations is becoming a current issue. The article presents the results of research on composites containing pistachio shells (Pistacia vera L.), which are common agricultural waste, with unsaturated polyester resin based on post-consumer recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) and vinyl ester resin based on bisphenol-A. The environmentally friendly polymeric cobalt solution was used as the accelerator. In order to study the degradation of the composites, accelerated ageing, immersion in various solvents, and high temperature were used. From the obtained results, it can be observed that accelerated aging resulted in the additional cross-linking of the resin, while the filler absorbed the UV light. During immersion, the polymer matrix was degraded in acetone, whereas the incorporation of pistachio increases its water sorption and the plasticisation effect was also observed. The alkali environment initiated the hydrolysis of ester linkages. The vinyl ester resin-based materials were more chemically and thermally resistant than those from the unsaturated polyester. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optically transparent polycarbonates (PCs) and Copoly(Imide-Carbonate)s (Co-PICs) were synthesized by the melt polycondenzation method. Rigid (imide) and flexible (-O- and –C(CH3)2−) moieties were incorporated in the structure of bisimide diol comonomer using 4-aminophenol and 4,4′-(4,4′-isopropylidenediphenoxy) bis(phthalic anhydride). The structural properties of synthesized comonomers and polymers were confirmed by 1H, 13C-NMR and FT-IR spectra. Thermal properties of polycarbonates and copolycarbonates were examined using DSC and TG analysis. Thermal properties (glass transition T g and thermal decomposition (Td) temperature) of copolymers were enhanced without sacrificing properties of BPA-based PC (high transparency, ductility, and processability) by the incorporation of active functional bisimide diol comonomer (5–10 mole %) in the polycarbonate backbone. Different sets of PCs and Co-PICs thin film substrates were prepared by the solvent casting method and used to design frequency selective surface. The proposed flexible FSS offers shielding of 20 dB at 8.8 GHz. In addition, the FSS offers polarization independent operation with its symmetrical unit cell geometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recently derived a tolerable daily intake (TDI) for bisphenol A (BPA) of 0.2 ng/kg bw/day. There are several issues with EFSA's hazard assessment review process, including that it was based on a limited subset of relevant studies. Multiple public commenters on EFSA's draft evaluation of BPA, including several European regulatory agencies, noted these issues, yet they were not adequately addressed by EFSA in the final evaluation. The TDI for BPA was based on an intermediate immunotoxicity endpoint in mice that has not been observed in other species; there is no evidence that it is a precursor event to any downstream pathological outcome. The TDI is several orders of magnitude lower than estimates of safe doses of BPA established by agencies worldwide, including EFSA's temporary TDI (t-TDI) for BPA established in 2015. Overall, the EFSA hazard assessment review process has led to a conclusion that there are low-dose effects of BPA based on very few, lower quality experimental animal studies. This conclusion is not supported by the totality of the available evidence, which includes multiple high-quality studies not considered by EFSA and indicates that the t-TDI established in 2015 is protective of human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endometriosis, characterized by endometrial-like mucosal tissue outside the uterine cavity, is a reproductive disorder afflicting about 10% of women within the reproductive age. The pathogenesis of endometriosis has been attributed to factors like genetics, environmental particles, and hormones. A comprehensive review of studies from July 2010 to July 2023 across multiple databases was done to aid in a better understanding of the same. The investigation focused on studies delineating the correlation between endocrine disruptors, microRNAs, and endometriosis. To optimize the search scope, keywords and subject headings were used as search terms. Then, two authors rigorously assessed studies using criteria, selecting 27 studies from various databases. Notably, dioxins, organochlorine pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls exhibited a solid connection for endometriosis, while bisphenol A and phthalates yielded conflicting results. The heightened presence of bisphenol A, polychlorinated biphenyls, and phthalates was linked to altered gene expression, including genes like AKR1B10, AKR1C3, and FAM49B. MicroRNAs like miRNA-31, miRNA-144, and miRNA-145 emerged as vital factors in the onset of endometriosis and progression. Furthermore, elevated expression of miR-1304-3p, miR-544, and miR-3684 and reduced expression of miR-3935 and miR-4427 exert substantial influence on signaling pathways like NF-κB, MAPK, and Wnt/β-catenin. Currently, literature shows an independent link between endocrine disruptor exposure and endometriosis and between microRNA dysregulation and endometriosis. However, research lacks the combination of all three factors. The review delves into the effects of endocrine disruptors and microRNAs on the pathogenesis of endometriosis to improve our understanding of the disorder and in finding therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactive-oxygen-species are produced more often in the body when bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting-substance, is present. In this investigation, bio-sorbents from an aqueous solution adapted from Aloe-vera were used to survey BPA removal. Aloe-vera leaf wastes were used to create activated carbon, which was then analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Zeta potential, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) techniques. It was revealed that the adsorption process adheres to the Freundlich isotherm model with R2>0.96 and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with R2>0.99 under ideal conditions (pH = 3, contact time = 45 min, concentration of BPA = 20 mg.L−1, and concentration of the adsorbent = 2 g.L−1). After five-cycle, the efficacy of removal was greater than 70%. The removal of phenolic-chemicals from industrial-effluent can be accomplished with the assistance of this adsorbent in a cost-effective and effective-approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the melt polycondensation reaction of 9,9'- bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluoride (BHPF) and diphenyl carbonate (DPC) was catalyzed using three ionic liquids (ILs) and a conventional alkali metal as catalysts. The optimal IL catalysts were determined to be [BMmim][BF4] ionic liquid catalysts, and the catalytic mechanism was investigated. Furthermore, the optimum process conditions were identified: the optimal amount of [BMmim][BF4] was 0.05 mol% based on DPC, the polycondensation temperature was set at 200°C for a duration of 3 h, followed by polymerization at 280°C for another 3 h. As a result, the Mn value of poly(9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) carbonate) (PFC) reached up to 41387 g/mol with a glass transition temperature band of approximately 254°C and Td-5% value of around 436°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol P (BPP) is a structural analog of bisphenol A (BPA) and is increasingly used as a substitute of BPA in commercial and household applications. In recent years, BPP has been frequently detected in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Very little epidemiological and experimental information are available on the toxicity potential of BPP in human and animal systems, which is very concerning in view of its increasing use. The current study evaluated the biochemical and histopathological effects of BPP in rats. The seven experimental groups (n = 5 rats/group) included BPA5 (5 mg), BPA50 (50 mg), BPA100 (100 mg), BPP5 (5 mg), BPP50 (50 mg), and BPP100 (100 mg) while the remaining one group served as untreated control. At the end of treatment, the organs (liver, kidney, heart, and lung) of rats were harvested for oxidative stress and histopathological analyses. A significant (p <.05) decrease was observed in the weight of the liver, lungs, and kidneys in the BPP100 group similar to the BPA100 group compared with the control group. Further, a significant (p <.05) decrease was also observed for concentrations of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) in the liver, lungs, kidneys, and heart at the highest two doses of BPP similar to the respective BPA groups compared with the control group. The two highest doses of BPP induced histopathological changes in the liver such as nuclei distortion, excessive necrosis of hepatocytes, nuclei shrinkage and pyknosis of cells with disrupted cell structure (BPP100), and cellular congestion and degeneration of hepatocytes (BPP50) similar to the two respective doses of BPA. The BPP treated groups also showed varying histopathological changes in kidney tissue, heart tissue, and lung tissue similar to BPA treated rats. In conclusion, the present study indicated that BPP has the potential to induce oxidative stress and alter the histomorphological architecture of different organs and is as deleterious as BPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein the synergistic properties of electrochemically reduced graphene oxide–antimony nanoparticles (ERGO-SbNPs) were leveraged for the ultrasensitive determination of bisphenol A (BPA) in water samples using disposable pencil graphite rods. A novel pencil-graphite multi-electrode array was utilized as the coating tool resulting in the production of highly reproducible and disposable single-use ERGO-SbNP-coated pencil graphite rods. This coating method effectively mitigated the fouling caused by BPA by-products during oxidation. The analytical determination of BPA oxidation on the single-use ERGO-SbNP-coated pencil graphite rods demonstrated an impressive 0.0,125 µM detection limit, surpassing the USEPA drinking water standard of 0.087 µM. Furthermore, the developed electrochemical sensor exhibited exceptional reproducibility for BPA in tap water samples from Western Cape, South Africa with few interferences. The study's findings not only highlight the sensor's superior performance but also present a promising alternative to existing anti-fouling measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, CoMn-layered double hydroxide (CoMn-LDH) was synthesized by the co-precipitation method, and it was applied to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for degradation of bisphenol A (BPA). The results showed that CoMn-LDH with regular morphology and high purity was successfully prepared. The results of BPA degradation experiments showed that the oxidation system had high ability to degrade BPA. The degradation efficiency of BPA reached 95.33% after 90 min at room temperature, pH = 7.0, a PMS concentration of 2.0 mmol L−1 and 0.3 g L−1 catalyst. And the removal rate of total organic carbon (TOC), indicating the mineralization degree of BPA, was 55.83% in 90 min. Finally, the catalytic mechanism of the reaction was preliminarily investigated using radical trapping experiments and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Free radical trapping experiments showed that OH˙ and SO4˙− radicals were produced in the reaction process, and OH˙ was the main active radical. CoMn-LDH showed excellent stability and reusability in cycling experiments, and had good practical value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This manuscript is focused on the synthesis of biologically derived carbon quantum dots (CQDs) via hydrothermal methods using Aloevera leaves (Aloe barbadensis miller). The proposed biochemical route, utilizing Aloevera gel, has garnered attention due to its cost-effectiveness, eco-friendly nature, and ability to produce highly pure, stable, and fluorescent biologically derived self-assembled nanoparticles measuring approximately 5–6 nm in size. The primary objective was to harness plant sources and establish a sustainable and renewable platform for synthesizing valuable nanostructures, encouraging researchers to shift their focus from unhealthy chemicals to natural resources for healthier and non-polluting investigations. The synthesized CQDs exhibited remarkable colloidal properties, excellent fluorescence, and photostability under UV light. Characterization techniques such as powder XRD, UV-Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence, FT-IR, AFM, and TEM were employed to analyse the prepared CQDs. Furthermore, the prepared CQDs displayed significant electrochemical behaviour in the presence of tyrosinase enzyme to detect Bisphenol-A, which functions as an endocrine disruptor (ED). These nanomaterials were also utilized for electrochemical biosensing applications. Additionally, the fabricated CQDs exhibited unique structural and morphological characteristics, along with efficient electrochemical properties, which are thoroughly discussed in the manuscript. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) using hydroxyl radicals (•OH) as oxidizing agents are a promising technology. Herein, a feasible strategy is developed to initially construct carbazole‐based D‐π‐A type conjugated polymer (PBNCZ) via the oxidative coupling. Additionally, introducing ─COO− through Cyano hydrolysis extends its conjugated structure and improves the energy band structure, which greatly facilitates the generation of •OH as well as the enrichment of pollutants. Detailed experiments and theoretical calculations have proved that the introduction of ─COO− enhances the adsorption of O2 and bisphenol A (BPA), optimizing the reaction path of •OH. Thus, it completely decomposes 10 ppm of BPA within just 10 min, exceeding all previously organic photocatalysts. Meanwhile, the efficiency of photocatalytic H2O2 production by PBNCZ‐COO− reaches 1719.03 µmol h−1 g−1 under visible light. This multifunctional material with high adsorption capacity, photodegradation efficiency, and photocatalytic H2O2 production activity provides a solid foundation for the preparation of organic photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) emerge as innovative photocatalysts featuring systematically tuned chemical structures, nano-porosity, and photoelectric properties. We have shown in the last years that COFs are excellent photocatalysts and they are able to produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from oxygen and water. Despite the recent surge in the photosynthesis of H2O2 using COFs, its subsequent application for tandem pollutant remediation as a tangible green alternative to Fenton chemistry has not yet been comprehensively explored. In this study, we synthesized three highly crystalline sp2 COFs with different donor–acceptor (D–A) strengths, employing triazine units as the electron acceptor moiety. The D–A alignment promotes photogenerated charge separation, augmenting the photocatalytic process, which resulted in the TMT-TT-COF achieving a H2O2 production rate of 1952 μmol g−1 h−1 without any sacrificial agents. The COFs also manifested a rapid photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) from a variety of real-life waterbodies. This study pioneers the in situ H2O2 production via COFs to subsequently generate other reactive oxygen species (ROS) for direct organic pollutant degradation in the visible region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we achieved reactive oxygen species manipulation using transition metal spinel ferrites (NixCo1−xFe2O4, x = 0, 0.5, 1) as Fenton-like agents. Specifically, NiFe2O4 mainly produced 1O2 and high-valence metals, while CoFe2O4 mainly produced ˙OH, from H2O2 activation. With bisphenol A as a model pollutant, the NiFe2O4/H2O2 system exhibited good resistance to ion interference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]