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Under hydrothermal conditions, two novel Zn(ii)/Cd(ii) complexes [Cd2(L)4(Cl)2]·(SO4) (1) and {[Zn2(L)2(Sip)(OH)]·H2O}n (2) (L = 2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline, NaH2Sip = 5-sulfoisophthalic acid monosodium salt) were successfully synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and Hirshfeld surface analysis. The study reveals that complex 1 is constructed from the binuclear [Cd2L4Cl2] unit, and the [Cd2L4Cl2] units are linked via C–H⋯π and C–Cl⋯π interactions into 2D supramolecular layers. These 2D layers are further connected to generate 3D structures by N–H⋯O and N–H⋯S hydrogen bonds. Complex 2 exhibits a 1D double-chain structure consisting of a binuclear [Zn2L2(OH)] unit, which is further connected by π–π interaction to shape a 2D supramolecular structure.

In this article, we focus on the global regularity of n-dimensional liquid crystal equations with fractional dissipation terms (−Δ)αu{\left(-\Delta )}^{\alpha }u and (−Δ)βd{\left(-\Delta )}^{\beta }d. We show that the equations have a unique global smooth solution if α≥12+n4\alpha \ge \frac{1}{2}+\frac{n}{4} and β≥12+n4\beta \ge \frac{1}{2}+\frac{n}{4}.

Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which is the most prevalent endocrine disorder among women in their reproductive years, is linked to a higher occurrence and severity of atherosclerosis (AS). Nevertheless, the precise manner in which PCOS impacts the cardiovascular well-being of women remains ambiguous. The Gene Expression Omnibus database provided four PCOS datasets and two AS datasets for this study. Through the examination of genes originating from differentially expressed (DEGs) and critical modules utilizing functional enrichment analyses, weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA), and machine learning algorithm, the research attempted to discover potential diagnostic genes. Additionally, the study investigated immune infiltration and conducted gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to examine the potential mechanism of the simultaneous occurrence of PCOS and AS. Two verification datasets and cell experiments were performed to assess biomarkers' reliability. The PCOS group identified 53 genes and AS group identified 175 genes by intersecting DEGs and key modules of WGCNA. Then, 18 genes from two groups were analyzed by machine learning algorithm. Death Associated Protein Kinase 1 (DAPK1) was recognized as an essential gene. Immune infiltration and single-gene GSEA results suggest that DAPK1 is associated with T cell-mediated immune responses. The mRNA expression of DAPK1 was upregulated in ox-LDL stimulated RAW264.7 cells and in granulosa cells. Our research discovered the close association between AS and PCOS, and identified DAPK1 as a crucial diagnostic biomarker for AS in PCOS.

The transmission tower and tower line coupling system is an important carrier of the power system transmission process. Strong winds in coastal areas have a significant impact on the transmission tower and tower line system. To study the dynamic response characteristics of tower line system under the action of random fluctuating wind fields, the 1W2C9 drum-type self-supporting transmission tower in Guangdong is taken as the research object. Finite element models for the single tower and one tower two-line tower line coupling system are established. By combining the Davenport wind speed spectrum with the fourth order autoregressive method, the fluctuating wind fieldswith spatial correlation are simulated for a single tower with 9 nodes and tower line system with 49 nodes. The dynamic response of a single tower and tower line system under this fluctuating wind field is studied, and the influence of different wind direction angles on theirdynamic response is explored. The results indicate that the maximum dynamic response of both the single tower and tower line system is greater than their pseudo-static response. The existence of transmission lines enhances the stability of the transmission tower line system, reducing its dynamic response. A wind direction angle of 90° proves to be the most unfavorable for the dynamic response of the single tower and tower line system.

Abstract Background Epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) is a prevalent gynaecological malignancy. The prognosis of patients with EOC is related to acetylation modifications and immune responses in the tumour microenvironment (TME). However, the relationships between acetylation-related genes, patient prognosis, and the tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) are not yet understood. Our research aims to investigate the link between acetylation and the tumour microenvironment, with the goal of identifying new biomarkers for estimating survival of patients with EOC. Methods Using data downloaded from the tumour genome atlas (TCGA), genotypic tissue expression (GTEx), and gene expression master table (GEO), we comprehensively evaluated acetylation-related genes in 375 ovarian cancer specimens and identified molecular subtypes using unsupervised clustering. The prognosis, TIME, stem cell index and functional concentration analysis were compared among the three groups. A risk model based on differential expression of acetylation-related genes was established through minimum absolute contraction and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis, and the predictive validity of this feature was validated using GEO data sets. A nomogram is used to predict a patient's likelihood of survival. In addition, different EOC risk groups were evaluated for timing, tumour immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) score, stemness index, somatic mutation, and drug sensitivity. Results We used the mRNA levels of the differentially expressed genes related to acetylation to classify them into three distinct clusters. Patients with increased immune cell infiltration and lower stemness scores in cluster 2 (C2) exhibited poorer prognosis. Immunity and tumourigenesis-related pathways were highly abundant in cluster 3 (C3). We developed a prognostic model for ten differentially expressed acetylation-related genes. Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated significantly worse overall survival (OS) in high-risk patients. Furthermore, the TIME, tumour immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) score, stemness index, tumour mutation burden (TMB), immunotherapy response, and drug sensitivity all showed significant correlations with the risk scores. Conclusions Our study demonstrated a complex regulatory mechanism of acetylation in EOC. The assessment of acetylation patterns could provide new therapeutic strategies for EOC immunotherapy to improve the prognosis of patients.

The carbon fiber triaxial woven fabric has good application prospects in the field of space deployment devices because of its advantages of stable structure， light density and quasi-isotropic. In order to study the deformation properties of carbon fiber triaxial woven fabric/thermoplastic polyurethanes （TPU） flexible composite， TPU and carbon fibertriaxial woven fabric were composited by hot pressing. The unit cell model of triaxial woven fabric was established by metallographic microscope and SEM.The moment of inertia of different sections was calculated by the model， the moment of inertia of the weft section is greater than that of the warp， and the triaxial woven fabric is more difficult to deform in the weft direction. Drape experiments were performed on carbon fiber plain fabric and triaxial woven fabric.The results show that the deformation ability of the triaxial woven fabric is stronger than plain fabric， and the warp direction deformation of triaxial woven fabric is greater than the weft when it is draped， which is consistent with the calculation result of the moment of inertia of the model section； triaxial woven fabric is subjected to tensile tests in the 0°，15°and 30°directions， the load curve changes and ultimate loads of the three angles are analyzed at different strain stages.

Abstract Background The pathogenesis of thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) remains incompletely understand. The interaction between immunocytes and orbital fibroblasts (OFs) play a critical role in orbital inflammatory and fibrosis. Accumulating reports indicate that a significant portion of plasma exosomes (Pla-Exos) are derived from immune cells; however, their impact upon OFs function is unclear. Methods OFs were primary cultured from inactive TAO patients. Exosomes isolated from plasma samples of patients with active TAO and healthy controls (HCs) were utilized for functional and RNA cargo analysis. Functional analysis in thymocyte differentiation antigen-1+ (Thy-1+) OFs measured expression of inflammatory and fibrotic markers (mRNAs and proteins) and cell activity in response to Pla-Exos. RNA cargo analysis was performed by RNA sequencing and RT-qPCR. Thy-1+ OFs were transfected with miR-144-3p mimics/inhibitors to evaluate its regulation of inflammation, fibrosis, and proliferation. Results Pla-Exos derived from active TAO patients (Pla-ExosTAO−A) induced stronger production of inflammatory cytokines and hyaluronic acid (HA) in Thy-1+ OFs while inhibiting their proliferation. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) suggested that the difference in mRNA expression levels between Pla-ExosTAO−A and Pla-ExosHC was closely related to immune cells. Differential expression analysis revealed that 62 upregulated and 45 downregulated miRNAs in Pla-ExosTAO−A, with the elevation of miR-144-3p in both Pla-Exos and PBMCs in active TAO group. KEGG analysis revealed that the target genes of differentially expressed miRNA and miR-144-3p enriched in immune-related signaling pathways. Overexpression of the miR-144-3p mimic significantly upregulated the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and HA in Thy-1+ OFs while inhibiting their proliferation. Conclusion Pla-Exos derived from patients with active TAO were immune-active, which may be a long-term stimulus casual for inflammatory and fibrotic progression of TAO. Our finding suggests that Pla-Exos could be used as biomarkers or treatment targets in TAO patients.

Abstract We present a case of a 21‐year‐old woman with fever (>38.0°C) for 5 days, mucocutaneous lesions and refractory hypotension requiring dual inotropic support. The only significant past medical history was an episode of COVID infection 4 months before admission. She was diagnosed to have multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adult (MIS‐A)—a relatively new entity which occurs as a severe complication in patients post‐COVID‐19 infection. This condition can present remarkably similarly to Kawasaki disease. Although the paediatric counterpart of MIS‐A typically occurs within 2–6 weeks post COVID‐19 infection, MIS‐A may occur up to 4 months post‐COVID‐19 infection. We wish to raise awareness of this rare entity, their similarities with Kawasaki disease and the importance of early initiation of intravenous immunoglobulin and high‐dose aspirin.

Objective To investigate the risk factors and preventive strategies of pancreaticoduodenectomy postoperative hemorrhage. Methods A total of 208 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of the 904th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, PLA from January 2017 to December 2021 were enrolled. Twenty-one patients with postoperative hemorrhage were retrospectively analyzed. Results Univariate analysis indicated that postoperative hemorrhage was mainly associated with pancreatic leakage, biliary leakage, abdominal infection, hypoproteinemia, diabetes, improper use of ultrasound knife, skeletonization, intraoperative blood loss, preoperative jaundice, etc.(P0.05). Among the 21 patients with postoperative hemorrhage, 4 cases recovered after conservative treatment such as hemostasis and blood transfusion, 6 cases underwent interventional treatment, 11 cases underwent abdominal exploration, and 2 cases died of postoperative multiple organ failure. Pancreatic leakage (OR=3.963,95%CI: 1.120-14.025), biliary leakage (OR=4.013,95% CI: 1.173-13.734) and abdominal infection (OR=7.545,95%CI: 1.833-31.051) were independent risk factors for postoperative hemorrhage. Conclusions The improvement of anastomotic manipulation, reduction of anastomotic leakage, and control and prevention of abdominal infection are important to prevent postoperative hemorrhage of pancreaticoduodenectomy. Surgical treatment should be performed as soon as possible for the patients with poor conservative treatment effect.

Photonic devices based on ferroelectric domain engineering in thin film lithium niobate are key components for both classical and quantum information processing. Periodic poling of ridge waveguide can avoid the selective etching effect of lithium niobate, however, the fabrication of high-quality ferroelectric domain is still a challenge. In this work, we optimized the applied electric field distribution, and rectangular inverted domain structure was obtained in the ridge waveguide which is beneficial for efficient nonlinear frequency conversions. Second harmonic confocal microscope, piezoresponse force microscopy, and chemical selective etching were used to characterize the inverted domain in the ridge waveguide. In addition, the performance of nonlinear frequency conversion of the periodically poled nano-waveguide was investigated through second harmonic generation, and the normalized conversion efficiency was measured to be 1,720 % W−1 cm−2, which is close to 60 % that of the theoretical value. The fabrication technique described in this work will pave the way for the development of high-efficiency, low-loss lithium niobate nonlinear photonic devices.

Pipeline-type oil-water separation technology has the advantages of small footprint, high separation efficiency and low cost. A Y-type tubular oil-water separation structure was designed based on the principle of pipeline-type oil-water separation. The effects of internal flow field and external parameters on separation efficiency of Y-tube were studied by adopting standard k-ε turbulence model and mixture multiphase flow model in Fluent numerical simulation software. The results showed that the Y-shaped tube had little disturbance to fluid, stable internal flow field characteristics and was not easy to generate eddy current, which could realize oil-water separation. There was oil-water separation at the junction of branch pipe and main pipe. The oil-water separation efficiency increased gradually with the increase of the oil droplet size. The larger of the oil droplet size, the better the oil phase will float and gather in the upper layer of Y-shaped tube, which effectively improved the oil-water separation efficiency. The inlet velocity had a great influence on the oil-water separation effect. The higher the inlet velocity, the shorter the oil phase floating time, and the lower the separation efficiency of Y-shaped tube. The separation efficiency increased with the increase of branch shunt ratio. When the inlet velocity was 0.5 m/s, the separation efficiency would not increase when the shunt ratio exceeded 0.4. The results provided a new idea for oil-water separation and a theoretical reference for the design of Y-shaped tube.

Abstract Background This study aimed to analyze the trends and burden of occupational exposure to asbestos in the United States (U.S.) from 1990 to 2019, focusing on mortality rates, geographic distribution, age and sex patterns, and causes of death. Methods Data on the number of deaths attributable to occupational exposure to asbestos were collected from 1990 to 2019 in the U.S. Joinpoint analysis was conducted to assess trends over time, and regression models were applied to calculate annual percentage changes (APC) and annual average percentage changes (AAPC). Geographic distribution was examined using mapping techniques. Age and sex patterns were analyzed, and causes of death were identified based on available data. Results From 1990 to 2019, the overall number of deaths due to occupational exposure to asbestos in the U.S. increased by 20.2%. However, age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates (ASDR) exhibited a decline over the same period. Geographic analysis revealed differences in the number of deaths across states in 2019, with California reporting the highest number of fatalities. Age-specific mortality and DALYs showed an increase with age, peaking in older age groups. Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer were the leading causes of death attributed to asbestos exposure, with increasing trends observed over the past five years. Conclusion The study highlights significant trends and burden in occupational exposure to asbestos in the U.S., including overall increases in mortality rates, declining ASMR and ASDR, geographic disparities, age and sex patterns, and shifts in causes of death. These findings underscore the importance of continued monitoring and preventive measures to mitigate the burden of asbestos-related diseases.

Here we have shown the novel biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) encapsulated by chitosan polymers in the presence of Achillea millefolium aqueous extract (Ag NPs@CHI). The Ag ions were first embedded over the chitosan surface enriched with polar organofunctions like amines (NH2) and hydroxyls, and subsequently the ions were reduced green-metrically by the electron rich phytochemicals of the plant extract. After the synthesis numerous techniques, including the UV-vis spectrum, transmission electron microscopy, FE-SEM, EDS-elemental mapping, and ICP-AES, were used to study the physicochemical characteristics of the nanocomposite biomaterial. Next, we explored the material biologically in the anti-cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma effects against the corresponding cell lines like PM1, MET1, MET 4, SCC T9, SCC IC1MET, SCC IC19, SCC T8, and SCC T11. The related IC50 values of the nanocomposite against them were 182, 158, 177, 178, 177, 99, 62, and 183 µg/mL, respectively. The cytotoxicity in terms of percentage cell viability of cancer cells were decreased with the increase in the nanocomposite doses.

Polymyxins are the last line of defense against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacterial infections. However, this last resort has been threatened by the emergence of superbugs carrying the mobile colistin resistance gene-1 (mcr-1). Given the high concentration of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) in bacterial pneumonia, limited plasma accumulation of colistin (CST) in the lung, and potential toxicity of ionic silver (Ag+), we designed a feasible clinical transformation platform, an MMP-3 high-performance lung-targeted bio-responsive delivery system, which we named “CST&Ag@CNMS”. This system exhibited excellent lung-targeting ability (>80% in lungs), MMP-3 bio-responsive release property (95% release on demand), and synergistic bactericidal activity in vitro (2–4-fold minimum inhibitory concentration reduction). In the mcr-1+ CST-resistant murine pneumonia model, treatment with CST&Ag@CNMS improved survival rates (70% vs. 20%), reduced bacteria burden (2–3 log colony-forming unit [CFU]/g tissue), and considerably mitigated inflammatory response. In this study, CST&Ag@CNMS performed better than the combination of free CST and AgNO3. We also demonstrated the superior biosafety and biodegradability of CST&Ag@CNMS both in vitro and in vivo. These findings indicate the clinical translational potential of CST&Ag@CNMS for the treatment of lung infections caused by CST-resistant bacteria carrying mcr-1.

Accumulating studies have highlighted the great potential of postbiotics in alleviating diseases and protecting host health. Compared with traditional functional foods (such as probiotics and prebiotics), postbiotics have the advantages of a single composition, high physiological activity, long shelf life, easy absorption, and high targeting, etc. The development of postbiotics has led to a wide range of potential applications in functional food and drug development. However, the lack of clinical trial data, mechanism analyses, safety evaluations, and effective regulatory frameworks has limited the application of postbiotic products. This review describes the definition, classification, sources, and preparation methods of postbiotics, the progress and mechanism of preclinical and clinical research in improving host diseases, and their application in food. Strengthen understanding of the recognition and development of related products to lay a theoretical foundation.

Abstract Background Despite advances in treatments for gastric cancer (GC), new targets are needed to enhance treatment, especially when mesenchymal‐epithelial transition (MET) amplification is involved. Therefore, we investigated the genomic features of MET‐amplified GC and efficacy of anti‐MET therapy. Methods Genomic features were investigated in 2284 patients (cohort 1) and 438 patients in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA cohort). RNA data were obtained from TCGA for expression analysis. Clinical responses of 71 patients (cohort 2) were investigated. Survival rates were compared by Kaplan–Meier and log‐rank tests. Results In cohort 1, 95 (4.2%) exhibited MET amplifications. In TCGA cohort, 15 (3.4%) exhibited MET amplifications. The five top mutated genes were TP53, CDH1, ARID1A, KMT2D and PIK3CA in cohort 1 and TTN, TP53, MUC16, LRP1B and SYNE1 in TCGA cohort. TP53, PIK3CA, KRAS and GNAS showed significant single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in cohort 1, and TP53 SNVs were significant in TCGA cohort. Fifteen and 18 genes showed significant copy number variations (CNVs) between the MET‐ and non‐MET‐amplified groups in cohort 1 and TCGA cohort, respectively. The PI3K pathway was significantly activated in Chinese patients with MET‐amplified GC (p = 0.002). TP53 expression is negatively associated with MET amplification. Real‐world data obtained with cohort 2 revealed that anti‐MET treatment significantly affected overall survival (OS) (p = 0.002), whereas CNVs did not affect progression‐free or OS even when treatment lines were considered. Conclusions MET‐amplified GC has a distinctive mutation landscape. Our findings provide valuable information for clinicians who treat patients with MET‐amplified GC.

This article aims to critically analyse current literature that explores nurses’ perspectives concerning the use of chemical restraints amongst people with dementia—regarding behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD)—to consolidate existing knowledge on this phenomenon and generate a foundation for further research. This literature review followed the 12-step approach by Kable et al. A total of 17 articles published between 2012 and 2022 were included following critical appraisal. A total of 2,806 participants, primarily consisting of nurses of various levels (44%) were included amongst the 17 included articles. Five themes emerged from the analysis of the findings: (a) nurses’ perceptions of BPSD, (b) perceived effectiveness and safety of chemical restraints, (c) influence of the practice environment, (d) perceptions of non-pharmacological approaches (NPA)s, and (e) barriers to using NPAs. Explicit and implicit pressures to prescribe and utilize chemical restraints exerted by nurses and families promote the use of chemical restraints, amplified by barriers to using alternative approaches. A tentative conceptual model was proposed to explain these emergent concepts and relationships between the themes.

Objective Fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy is a first-line treatment for many gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, however, cardiotoxicity concerns may limit administration in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study investigated the association of pre-existing CVD with use of fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy in tumour-eligible GI cancer patients.Methods and analysis National cancer registry data from the Virtual Cardio-Oncology Research Initiative from England between 2014 and 2018 was used to identify GI cancer patients eligible to receive fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy. Linkage to Hospital Episode Statistics and CVD registry data were used to ascertain prior CVD and outcomes. Primary outcome was first administration of fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy following cancer diagnosis. Cox proportional hazard models determined HR and 95% CIs for the association between initiation of fluoropyrimidine treatment and prior CVD.Results 112 726 eligible patients were identified (median age 71 years (IQR 62–80), 39.7% female). 33 026 (29.3%) had pre-existing CVD. 73 392 (65.1%) patients had a diagnosis of colorectal, 23 208 (20.6%) oesophageal, 14 788 (13.1%) gastric and 1338 (1.2%) small bowel cancer. Individuals with pre-existing CVD had a 27% reduced rate of receiving fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy (HR, 0.73; 95% CI 0.70 to 0.75) on multivariable analysis. Significantly reduced rates of fluoropyrimidine administration were found across all subtypes of pre-existing CVD.Conclusions GI cancer patients with all types of pre-existing CVD are less likely to receive fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy despite eligibility. This suggests widespread caution regarding administration of fluoropyrimidines across this population; further research is needed to assess whether such conservatism is justified.

Summary: Klebsiella aerogenes is an understudied and clinically important pathogen. We therefore investigate its population structure by genome analysis aligned with metadata. We sequence 130 non-duplicated K. aerogenes clinical isolates and identify two inter-patient transmission events. We then retrieve all publicly available K. aerogenes genomes (n = 1,026, accessed by January 1, 2023) and analyze them with our 130 genomes. We develop a core-genome multi-locus sequence-typing scheme. We find that K. aerogenes is a species complex comprising four phylogroups undergoing evolutionary divergence, likely forming three species. We delineate remarkable clonal diversity and identify three worldwide-distributed carbapenemase-encoding clonal clusters, representing high-risk lineages. We uncover that K. aerogenes has an open genome equipped by a large arsenal of antimicrobial resistance genes. We identify two genetic regions specific for K. aerogenes, encoding a type VI secretion system and flagella/chemotaxis for motility, respectively, both contributing to the virulence. These results provide much-needed insights into the population structure and pan-genomes of K. aerogenes.

Background and aims: One of the primary causes of lumen narrowing is vascular injury induced during medical procedures. Vascular injury disrupts the integrity of the endothelium, triggering platelet deposition, leukocyte recruitment, and the release of inflammatory factors. This, in turn, induces the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), leading to neointima formation. However, the molecular mechanism underlying VSMC proliferation following injury remains unknown. KIF11 is critical in regulating the cell cycle by forming bipolar spindles during mitotic metaphase. This process may contribute to VSMCs proliferation and neointima formation following vascular injury. Yet, the function of KIF11 in VSMCs has not been elucidated. This study aims to investigate the role and mechanisms of KIF11 in regulating VSMCs cycle progression and proliferation.Methods: After conducting biological analysis of the transcriptome sequencing data from the mouse carotid artery injury model and the cell transcriptome data of PDGF-BB-induced VSMCs, we identified a potential target gene, KIF11, which may play a crucial role in vascular injury. Then we established a vascular injury model to investigate how changes in KIF11 expression and activity influence in vivo VSMCs proliferation and neointimal formation. In addition, we employed siRNA and specific inhibitors to suppress KIF11 expression and activity in VSMCs cultured in vitro to study the mechanisms underlying VSMCs cycle progression and proliferation.Results: The results of immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence indicate a significant upregulation of KIF11 expression in the injured vascular. The intraperitoneal injection of the KIF11 specific inhibitor, K858, partially inhibits intimal hyperplasia in the vascular injury model. In vitro experiments further demonstrate that PDGF-BB upregulates KIF11 expression through the PI3K/AKT pathway, and enhances KIF11 activity. Inhibition of both KIF11 expression and activity partially reverses the pro-cycle progression and pro-proliferation effects of PDGF-BB on VSMCs. Additionally, KIF11 overexpression partially counteracts the proliferation arrest and cell cycle arrest induced by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway in VSMCs.Conclusion: Our study highlights the crucial role of KIF11 in regulating the cycle progression and proliferation of VSMCs after vascular injury. A comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms could pave the way for potential therapeutic interventions in treating vascular stenosis.

ABSTRACT Two Enterobacter strains 170198T and 170250T were isolated from clinical blood samples from distinct patients in a hospital in Chengdu, China, in 2022. These isolates were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. A phylogenomic tree based on 2,096 concatenated core genes showed that the two strains were clustered within the genus Enterobacter. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and in silico DNA–DNA hybridization (isDDH) values between each of the two strains and type strains of all currently known Enterobacter species were determined. The two strains belonged to two novel species as the highest ANI and isDDH values with type strains of all currently known Enterobacter species below the cutoff for species demarcation (96% for ANI and 70% for isDDH). Then the physiological and biochemical studies demonstrated that biochemical features and the profile of whole fatty acids of strains 170198T and 170250T were largely consistent with those known Enterobacter species. Nevertheless, the two novel species can be differentiated from all other Enterobacter species by certain biochemical characteristics. In conclusion, 170198T and 170250T represent two novel species of the genus Enterobacter, for which we propose Enterobacter chinensis sp. nov. and Enterobacter rongchengensis sp. nov., as the species names. The type strains of Enterobacter chinensis sp. nov., and Enterobacter rongchengensis sp. nov. are 170198T (=GDMCC 1.3549T=JCM 35826T) and 170250T (=GDMCC 1.3670T=JCM 36189T), respectively. The two novel species have clinical significance with the ability to cause bloodstream infections.IMPORTANCEEnterobacter is a group of bacteria comprising several common opportunistic pathogens and has a complicated taxonomy. Here, we reported two novel Enterobacter species. We demonstrated that the two novel species can be differentiated from other Enterobacter species by certain phenotypic characteristics and therefore provide information for designing tests for identification. We also showed that strains of the two novel species are able to cause human bloodstream infections and carry multiple virulence factors and therefore are of clinical significance. We highlight that the virulence of Enterobacter is less studied and warrants further exploration. We believe that the findings here are valuable for enhancing the appreciation toward Enterobacter, an important pathogen.

C13H17NO4, monoclinic, Cc (no. 9), a = 11.6900(4) Å, b = 8.4868(2) Å, c = 14.1607(5) Å, β = 112.549(4)°, V = 1297.49(8) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0373, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1071, T = 295.5 K.

C39H36N5O11Tb, triclinic, P 1‾ $\overline{1}$ (no. 2), a = 10.3365(12) Å, b = 13.0194(15) Å, c = 15.2064(18) Å, α = 108.769(2)°, β = 94.694(2)°, γ = 100.882(2)°, V = 1880.2(4) Å3, Dc = 1.607 g/cm3, Z = 2, Rgt (F) = 0.0315, wRref (F 2) = 0.0836, T = 296.15 K.

Esophageal atresia (OA) with or without tracheoesophageal fistula affects approximately 1 in 4000 births and commonly presents with polyhydramnios. This appears to be the first report regarding the utility of cervical cerclage with serial amnioreduction to prolong the gestational age of a neonate with OA, thereby improving outcomes for reconstructive surgery.

【Objective】 The Venlo-type greenhouse is commonly used in commercial horticulture due to its efficient space utilization and superior light transmission. This study investigates the impact of spire width on microclimate within such greenhouses under natural ventilation conditions. 【Method】 The study focused on multi-span glass greenhouses. We used experimental measurement and CFD modelling to simulate the variations in temperature and airflow in the greenhouse for various spire widths: 3.2 m JD3.2, 3.6 m JD3.6 and 4 m JD4 under natural ventilation conditions when the outdoor wind speed was 0 and 1 m/s, respectively. 【Result】 ① Comparing with measured temperature at different sampling points in the greenhouse reveals that the relative error of the simulated temperature ranged from 0.2% to 3.3%, ② Spire width had a significant effect on temperature distribution in the greenhouse. In particular, temperature increased upward in the greenhouses with the JD3.2 spire, while, in contrast, temperature increased downward in the greenhouses with the JD3.6 spire. ③ Regardless of the outdoor wind speed, greenhouses with JD3.2 spire had the best heat removal efficiency. The heat removal efficiency of JD3.6 and JD4 spire and the associated temperature distribution in the greenhouses was better when the outdoor speed was 0 m/s than when the outdoor wind speed was 1 m/s. 【Conclusion】 For all spire widths we compared under different working conditions, the greenhouse with JD3.2 spire work best for ventilating and cooling the greenhouse.

In response to the current problems of high startup wind speed, complex design schemes, and inability to accurately measure the average wind speed of the entire section of the roadway using wind speed sensors, based on the principle of ultrasonic opposed wind measurement, a mine opposed wind speed and direction sensor with STM32 as the core is designed. The overall structure of the sensor, the design of the transmitting and receiving circuit, the filtering algorithm, and the software process are introduced. This sensor has changed the wind measurement method from point to surface, using a single ARM core and measuring the wind speed at the centerline of the roadway through long-distance (5-12 m) ultrasonic wind measurement technology. This wind speed represents the average wind speed of the entire roadway. It greatly improves the accuracy and real-time performance of roadway wind speed measurement. A test prototype is developed based on the design scheme, and the test results in a circular wind tunnel show that the measured values of the sensor has good consistency with the standard wind speed values in the range of 0.1-15 m/s, with a measurement error of less than 0.1 m/s. It can meet the precision requirements of intelligent mines for roadway wind speed measurement.

Aviation industry is one of the eight key industries of carbon emission. The carbon emission of aviation industry is mainly affected by the carbon emission of aero-engine. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out the research on the measurement method of aero-engine carbon emission. The life cycle assessment is used as a quantitative method for the carbon footprint of aero-engines. The life cycle carbon emissions of aero-engines are divided into fuel cycle carbon emissions and material cycle carbon emissions, and statistics are carried out separately. The aero-engine system boundary is divided, the data collection that should be carried out in each stage is proposed, and the data is required. A relatively complete set of aero-engine carbon emission measurement method is obtained. The method obtained in this paper can comprehensively evaluate the carbon emissions of aeroengines from the perspective of life cycle, which can provide guidance for the measurement of carbon emissions of aeroengines throughout the life cycle, and provide a theoretical basis for emission reduction from the perspective of fuel and material.

In the rehabilitation training process of lower limb rehabilitation robots, the existence of uncertain factors such as model parameters and environmental interference will affect the accuracy of trajectory tracking of the robot. To solve this problem, an adaptive compensation control based on the radial basis function (RBF) neural network is proposed. This control method can improve the accuracy of mechanical system trajectory tracking. Firstly, a closed chain horizontal lower limb rehabilitation robot structure with four working modes and stable movement is designed. Secondly, the Lagrange method is used to solve the kinetic nominal model, the uncertainty factors such as model parameters and external interference of the rehabilitation device are separated, and the adaptive compensation algorithm based on the RBF neural network is designed for the approximate control. Finally, the Matlab/Simulink environment is used to verify the effectiveness of the control strategy. The results show that, compared with the traditional fuzzy proportional integral derivative (PID) control method, the adaptive compensation algorithm based on the RBF neural network has a faster response speed and better tracking effect in human gait curve trajectory tracking. Moreover, the peak angle errors of the hip joint and the knee joint trajectory tracking are 0.08° and 0.13° respectively, which are much less than the rotation angle of patients' lower limbs in rehabilitation exercise. A single-leg prototype experiment is designed to show that the RBF compensation adaptive controller used in the study can achieve high precision tracking results and meet the safety requirements of patients in rehabilitation training.

With the development of the gear transmission system towards complexity, multiple transmission types and high reliability, it becomes more and more important to assign the reliability of the gear transmission system quickly and accurately. In this study, aiming at the problems of incomplete consideration factors, inconsistent range of changes in different allocation methods for the same parameter, and inconvenient digital software development in existing reliability allocation methods, an improved advisory group on reliability of electronic equipment (AGREE) allocation method is proposed, the scoring allocation method is extended, and the digital characteristics of reliability allocation method are discussed. The basic reliability model and task reliability model of the complex gear transmission system are established, and the traversal algorithm of the automatic reliability model generation is studied. A digital platform for rapid reliability allocation of fixed axle gear train, planetary gear train and hybrid gear train is developed. Four independent modules, namely input module, calculation module, result display module and output module, are designed. The accuracy of the calculation results of the software is verified by comparing with the results of examples. The parametric modeling and the automatic generation of the example report for the reliability allocation of the gear transmission system are realized, and the accuracy and efficiency of the reliability allocation model are raised.

Objective To analyze the clinical features and prognostic factors of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis. Methods A total of 51 patients with HSV-1 encephalitis hospitalized in He'nan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2018 to September 2023 were selected, and their clinical data, laboratory and imaging examination results were recorded. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to evaluate the prognosis of patients and the recovery of neurological function after brain injury. Univariate and multivariate stepwise Logistic regression analyses were screened for risk factors of adverse prognosis of HSV-1 encephalitis. Results The main symptoms of 51 cases were fever and headache. The serological examination results showed increased white blood cell count (14 cases), increased neutrophil count (14 cases), decreased lymphocyte count (8 cases), and decreased serum sodium level (17 cases). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination by lumbar puncture showed increased CSF pressure (18 cases), increased white blood cell count (28 cases), increased protein (32 cases), and increased glucose (15 cases). There were 48 patients who underwent head MRI examination, and 43 patients (89.58%) showed obvious brain region involvement on head MRI, among which 35 patients (72.92%) with positive MRI showed typical unilateral or bilateral temporal and frontal lobe involvement, and 8 cases (16.67%) with increased cerebral pia mater enhancement. 66.67% (34/51) of the patients recovered completely within 6 months after discharge, 21.57% (11/51) of the patients had sequelae, and the fatality rate was 11.76% (6/51). There were 34 (66.67%) patients with good prognosis and 17 (33.33%) patients with adverse prognosis. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed age increased (OR = 1.090, 95%CI: 1.020-1.200; P = 0.023) and increased CSF glucose level (OR = 23.800, 95%CI: 23.800-1250.000; P = 0.030) were risk factors for adverse prognosis in HSV-1 encephalitis patients. Conclusions Increased aging and CSF glucose level are risk factors for the adverse prognosis in HSV - 1 encephalitis patients. In clinical practice, it is necessary to master the clinical characteristics of patients with HSV-1 encephalitis, so as to achieve early detection, diagnosis and treatment.

Since 2017, human encephalitis caused by pseudorabies virus (PRV) has been reported in 28 cases in China. The clinical symptoms include fever, headache, seizures, focal neurological loss, disturbance of consciousness, etc.. This disease has the high disability rate and fatality rate. PRV is mainly transmitted through close contact with infected pigs or their excrement, or spread via blood-borne. Patients are mostly practitioners in the live pig industry chain. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical to the prognosis of patients. Therefore, this article reviews the progress on diagnosis and treatment of human encephalitis caused by PRV, in order to improve the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), characterized by self-renewal and capacity of differentiating into three germ layers, are the programmable building blocks of life. PSC-derived cells and multicellular systems, particularly organoids, exhibit great potential for regenerative medicine. However, this field is still in its infancy, partly due to limited strategies to robustly and precisely control stem cell behaviors, which are tightly regulated by inner gene regulatory networks in response to stimuli from the extracellular environment. Synthetic receptors and genetic circuits are powerful tools to customize the cellular sense-and-response process, suggesting their underlying roles in precise control of cell fate decision and function reconstruction. Herein, we review the progress and challenges needed to be overcome in the fields of PSC-based cell therapy and multicellular system generation, respectively. Furthermore, we summarize several well-established synthetic biology tools and their applications in PSC engineering. Finally, we highlight the challenges and perspectives of harnessing synthetic biology to PSC engineering for regenerative medicine.

Abstract Background Esculentin-1, initially discovered in the skin secretions of pool frogs (Pelophylax lessonae), has demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity; however, its immunomodulatory properties have received little attention. Results In the present study, esculentin-1 cDNA was identified by analysing the skin transcriptome of the dark-spotted frog (Pelophylax nigromaculatus). Esculentin-1 from this species (esculentin-1PN) encompasses a signal peptide, an acidic spacer peptide, and a mature peptide. Sequence alignments with other amphibian esculentins-1 demonstrated conservation of the peptide, and phylogenetic tree analysis revealed its closest genetic affinity to esculentin-1P, derived from the Fukien gold-striped pond frog (Pelophylax fukienensis). Esculentin-1PN transcripts were observed in various tissues, with the skin exhibiting the highest mRNA levels. Synthetic esculentin-1PN demonstrated antibacterial activity against various pathogens, and esculentin-1PN exhibited bactericidal activity by disrupting cell membrane integrity and hydrolyzing genomic DNA. Esculentin-1PN did not stimulate chemotaxis in RAW264.7, a murine leukemic monocyte/macrophage cell line. However, it amplified the respiratory burst and augmented the pro-inflammatory cytokine gene (TNF-α and IL-1β) expression in RAW264.7 cells. Conclusions This novel finding highlights the immunomodulatory activity of esculentin-1PN on immune cells.

Hydrogel is an ideal material for cartilage repair, but it is difficult for artificial materials to achieve ultra-low friction coefficient of cartilage at present. The amphoteric ion anionic double crosslinked P(AAm-co-AAc-co-SBMA-co-AMPS)/Fe3+hydrogel was synthesized by using the amphoteric monomer [2-(methacryloxy) ethyl] dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)(SBMA) and the anionic monomer 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS). The frictional tests were conducted in water and PBS to evaluate the effects of zwitterionic and anionic groups on the coefficient of friction (CoF). The results show that the physical crosslinking point introduced by SBMA and AMPS can improve the compressive strength of hydrogel, and achieve a low CoF (0.04) in water, In addition, it is observed that CoF further decreases to 0.015 in PBS, and the decrease of CoF is caused by the highly hydrated upper layer of hydrogel produced during PBS soaking.

Abstract Background Observational studies have shown that smoking is related to the diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) in individuals with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Nevertheless, further investigation is needed to determine the causal effect between these two variables. Therefore, we conducted a study to investigate the causal relationship between smoking and DLCO in IPF patients using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods Large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets from individuals of European descent were analysed. These datasets included published lifetime smoking index (LSI) data for 462,690 participants and DLCO data for 975 IPF patients. The inverse-variance weighting (IVW) method was the main method used in our analysis. Sensitivity analyses were performed by MR‒Egger regression, Cochran’s Q test, the leave-one-out test and the MR-PRESSO global test. Results A genetically predicted increase in LSI was associated with a decrease in DLCO in IPF patients [ORIVW = 0.54; 95% CI 0.32–0.93; P = 0.02]. Conclusions Our study suggested that smoking is associated with a decrease in DLCO. Patients diagnosed with IPF should adopt an active and healthy lifestyle, especially by quitting smoking, which may be effective at slowing the progression of IPF.

【Objective】 Drip fertigation is an irrigation technique increasingly used to simultaneously irrigate and fertilize crops grown in different environments. However, calcium and magnesium in the water could react chemically to precipitate, clogging the irrigator as a result. In this paper, we experimentally study the impact of calcium and magnesium concentration on irrigator clogging in drip fertigation using brackish water and humic acid fertilizer. 【Method】 In this experiment, four types of irrigators (FE1, FE2, FE3, FE4) with different rated flow rates (1.6, 1.1, 1.4, 1.75 L/h) were selected, in which three groups of brackish water treatments with calcium ion mass concentration, with ion mass concentrations of 100, 150 and 200 mg/L (G1, G2, G3), and three groups of brackish water treatments with magnesium ion mass concentration, with ion mass concentrations of 100, 150 and 200 mg/L (M1, M2, M3). In each treatment, fertigation using local groundwater was taken as the control (CK), we measured the average flow rate in the irrigator (Dra), clogging distribution in the irrigator, the dry mass of clogging materials (DW), and mineral fraction of the clogging materials in the irrigator. 【Result】 Compared to CK, fertigation using water with elaborated Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentration and humic acid fertilizer increased Dra by 21.58% to 56.75%, and DW by 67.14% to 270.09%, respectively, with the increase depending on dripping rate and Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentration. When Ca2+ and Mg2+concentration was the same, increasing dripping rate reduced DW by 4.77% to 27.26%, with the reduction depending on Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentration. 【Conclusion】 Increasing calcium and magnesium concentration in the fertigation water significantly increased irrigator clogging. When calcium and magnesium concentration was the same, an increase in magnesium concentration significantly reduced the mass of clogged materials due to the reduced carbonate. Thus, increasing magnesium ion can ameliorate irrigator clogging and reduce the risk of irrigator blockage.

Human milk oligosaccharides （HMOs） are a group of complex glycans in human milk and play an important role in promoting the growth and development of infants, and more than 200 kinds of HMOs have been identified so far. In this paper, the types and structures of HMOs and their roles in improving infant intestinal health, promoting immune system development and brain development were reviewed. The application status of HMOs was summarized, the possibility and necessity of industrial production and application of HMOs in the future were prospected.

Craniospinal irradiation (CSI) poses a challenge to treatment planning due to the large target, field junction, and multiple organs at risk (OARs) involved. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of knowledge-based planning (KBP) in CSI by comparing original manual plans (MP), KBP RapidPlan initial plans (RPI), and KBP RapidPlan final plans (RPF), which received further re-optimization to meet the dose constraints.

We report a case of a young female patient with fatigue, hypokalemia, and hyperglycemia. She had past-history of diabetes mellitus, and was admitted to hospital with a history of fatigue and hypokalemia for 5 years. The patient's examination indicated hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, metabolic alkalosis, hypocalciuria, and SLC12A3 gene pathogenic mutation. The diagnosis was Gitelman syndrome. Potassium and magnesium supplements were given to improve the patient's fatigue. Serum potassium and magnesium were normal. The blood glucose reached standard after treatment with oral hypoglycemic drugs. This article incorporates literature review to sort out the diagnosis and treatment of Gitelman syndrome, in order to provide feasible reference for clinicians.

This study investigates the effect of programming courses on the computational thinking (CT) skills of elementary school students and the learning effectiveness of students from different backgrounds who are studying programming. We designed a OwlSpace programming course into an elementary school curriculum. Students in fourth and fifth grades were taught the fundamentals of programming. We measured and analyzed the effectiveness of their CT skills and self-efficacy in CT. The researchers analyzed the changes in the CT of different gender, different grade, and different past experience students in programming courses and then made specific recommendations for information technigy teachers and related units. The results demonstrate that students learned and improved their CT skills by taking OwlSpace programming course. Additionally, gender, grade, and past experience are found to have no impact on the students’ learning that means the course can improve students ability without limited any characteristics.

[Objective] To explore the nutrient characteristics and fertility status of wetland soil in the lower reaches of Lhasa River. [Methods] A total of 69 soil samples were collected from the four representative regions of Ganqu Wetland, Baga Snow Wetland, Lalu Wetland and Chabalang wetland. The values of pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, total salt, electrical conductivity, redox potential, cation exchange capacity and organic matter of the samples were determined. The improved Nemerow composite index method was used to evaluate the wetland soil fertility comprehensively. [Results] (1) The pH range of the soil in the study area was 5.77~7.78, with an average value of 6.62, which was neutral. The correlation between organic matter and total nitrogen was strong, and the distribution characteristics were similar. The contents of organic matter and total nitrogen were 61.82 and 3.13 g/kg, respectively, and both were very abundant, belonging to the first level. The contents of total phosphorus and total potassium were 0.75 g/kg and 18.05 g/kg, respectively, which were moderate and belonged to the tertiary level. The total salt content is 0.92 g/kg, and the electrical conductivity is 2.97 mS/m. On the whole, the soil in the study area had strong fertilizer retention ability. (2) The soil comprehensive fertility coefficient (P) of wetland was in the order of Chabalang Wetland (2.01) > Bagaoxue Wetland (1.95) > Lalu Wetland (1.93) > Ganqu Wetland (1.86), all belonging to the fertility level. The index affecting the soil comprehensive fertility of wetland was TP, because the formation conditions of natural wetlands were similar. There was no significant difference in soil comprehensive fertility coefficient. [Conclusion] The present situation of wetland soil nutrients in the lower Lhasa River was clarified, which provides scientific basis for realizing the sustainable utilization of wetland resources in the the study area.

Exciton–polariton condensates, due to their nonlinear and coherent characteristics, have been employed to construct spin Hamiltonian lattices for potentially studying spin glass, critical dephasing, and even solving optimization problems. Here, we report the room-temperature polariton condensation and polaritonic soft-spin XY Hamiltonian lattices in an organic–inorganic halide perovskite microcavity. This is achieved through the direct integration of high-quality single-crystal samples within the cavity. The ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic couplings in both one- and two-dimensional condensate lattices have been observed clearly. Our work shows a nonlinear organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite platform for future investigations as polariton simulators.

Deploying user-side energy storage in urban power grids is an effective solution to operational challenges such as insufficient capacity for renewable energy consumption and local overloads. Therefore， an assessment method for energy storage demand on the user side in urban power grids that considers multiple operational scenarios is proposed. The approach involves quantifying the weights between different scenarios in the urban power grid based on their frequency of occurrence and severity. Scenarios including normal operation， insufficient renewable energy consumption， and local overloads are chosen to construct a model to assess energy storage demand on the user side in urban power grids. Case studies are conducted using a 37-node model of an urban power grid in a region of Zhejiang Province. The results indicate that the method is effective in evaluating energy storage demand on the user side in urban power grids and improving the reuse rate of energy storage on the user side across various operational scenarios. Compared to methods for assessing energy storage demand in a single operational scenario， this approach significantly reduces the overall demand for energy storage on the user side in urban power grids and decreases both investment costs and operational costs.

Abstract Background Exercise is crucial for pulmonary rehabilitation and improving the prognosis of lung transplantation (LTx) patients. However, many LTx patients in China have low exercise tolerance and compliance, and the reasons behind these challenges have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this qualitative research aims to identify the barriers to and facilitators of exercise rehabilitation in LTx patients. Methods From January to July 2023, 15 stable LTx patients were recruited and participated in in-depth, semi-structured, face-to-face interviews at Henan Provincial People’s Hospital. The interview transcripts were analyzed using the COM-B model and the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Results Six general themes including 19 barriers and 14 facilitators for the exercise rehabilitation of LTx patients were identified based on the COM-B model and TDF. The barriers to exercise included physical limitations, insufficient exercise endurance, lack of knowledge, and lack of motivation. The facilitators of exercise included motivation, self-efficacy, perceived significance of exercise rehabilitation, and social support. Conclusion The study offers detailed insight into the development and implementation of exercise rehabilitation intervention strategies for LTx patients. By combining COM-B model and TDF, the study provides strong evidence that active behavior change strategies are required for LTx patients to promote their participation in exercise rehabilitation. Professional support, pulmonary rehabilitation training, behavior change technology, and digital health tools are essential for strengthening the evidence system for reporting exercise efficacy and effectiveness.

Abstract Natural methane hydrate has often been observed in sand layers that contain no particulate organic carbon (POC), but are surrounded by organic-rich, fine-grained marine muds. In this paper, we develop a reactive transport model (RTM) of a microbially-mediated set of POC degradation reactions, including hydrolysis of POC driven by extracellular enzymes, fermentation of the resulting high-molecular weight dissolved organic carbon (HMW-DOC), and methanogenesis that consumes low-molecular weight dissolved organic carbon (LMW-DOC). These processes are mediated by two groups of microbes, fermenters and methanogens that are heterogeneously distributed in different lithologies, with the largest numbers of microbes in the large pores of coarse-grained layers. We find that the RTM can reproduce methane hydrate occurrences observed in two different geological environments, at Walker Ridge Site 313-H (Gulf of Mexico) and IODP Site U1325 (Cascadia Margin). We also find that microbes can degrade POC even if they are physically separated, as extracellular enzymes and DOC can diffuse away from where they are produced by microbes. Microbial activity is highest at relatively early times after burial at shallow depths and near lithological boundaries, where concentration gradients transport solutes to intervals that contain the most microbes.

Objective To explore the relevant relationship and specificity between the implicit and explicit loyalty of military cadets in order to provide a theoretical basis and objective indicators for a more comprehensive and objective assessment for individual loyalty. Methods E-Prime 2.0, a classic implicit association paradigm was employed to construct an implicit association loyalty test for 64 military cadets. Simultaneously, an explicit loyalty measurement was conducted using the Chinese Military Personnel Loyalty Scale. Results ① Significant implicit effect was observed in the loyalty assessment of military cadets, indicating a general tendency to perceive higher levels of personal loyalty and lower levels of loyalty to external entities. ② Explicit loyalty assessment revealed that the participants had the highest loyalty score towards the Party, the Nation, and the People (4.79±0.34), followed by the loyalty score to their profession (4.38±0.53), and the relatively lower loyalty score towards the unit and leaders (4.03±0.83). Among the 3 dimensions of loyalty, the normative loyalty score ranked highest, while continuance loyalty score took lower. ③ There were no correlations among the scores of loyalty to the Party, the Nation, and the People (r=-0.030, P=0.823), to the profession (r=-0.047, P=0.728), to the unit (r=0.050, P=0.710), or to the leaders (r=0.043, P=0.749). Conclusion The implicit effect in the loyalty assessment is significant in military cadets, and there is no significant correlation between explicit and implicit loyalty measurements. Thus, we cannot rely solely on explicit measurements to assess their loyalty attitudes.

M2 tumor-associated macrophage (M2 TAM), a crucial component of the tumor microenvironment, has a significant impact on tumor invasion and metastasis in the form of angiogenesis for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). In this study, both single-cell RNA and bulk RNA sequencing data were analyzed to identify 12 M2 TAM and angiogenesis-related genes (OLR1, CTSL, HLA-DPB1, NUPR1, ALOX5, DOCK4, CSF2RB, PTPN6, TNFSF12, HNRNPA2B1, NCL, and BIRC2). These genes were used to construct a prognostic signature, which was subsequently validated using an external cohort. Moreover, the immune profile analysis indicated that the low-risk group exhibited a distinct immune cell infiltration and relatively active status. Importantly, the prognostic signature was closely associated with PD-1, CTLA4, tumor mutation burden, and anti-cancer drug sensitivity. In summary, this study proposes a new prognostic signature for patients with LUAD based on M2 TAM and angiogenesis-related genes. The signature forecasts the prognosis of LUAD by an independent manner, reveals the potential molecular mechanisms involved in tumor immune-related functions, and offers appropriate clinical strategies for the treatment of patients with LUAD.

BackgroundThe increasing prevalence of fungal infections necessitates broader use of antifungal medications. However, the prevalence of adverse drug events (ADEs) restricts their clinical application. This study aimed to develop a reliable ADEs trigger for antifungals to enable proactive ADEs monitoring, serving as a reference for ADEs prevention and control.MethodsThis investigation comprises two phases. Initially, the trigger was established via a literature review, extraction of relevant items, and refinement through Delphi expert consultation. Subsequently, the validity of the trigger was assessed by analyzing hospital records of antifungal drug users from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2020. The correlation between each trigger signal and ADEs occurrence was examined, and the sensitivity and specificity of the trigger were evaluated through the spontaneous reporting system (SRS) and Global Trigger Tool (GTT). Additionally, risk factors contributing to adverse drug events (ADEs) resulting from antifungal use were analyzed. Results: Twenty-one preliminary triggers were refined into 21 final triggers after one expert round. In the retrospective analysis, the positive trigger rate was 65.83%, with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 28.75%. The incidence of ADEs in inpatients was 28.75%, equating to 44.58 ADEs per 100 admissions and 33.04 ADEs per 1,000 patient days. Predominant ADEs categories included metabolic disturbances, gastrointestinal damage, and skin rashes. ADEs severity was classified into 36 cases at grade 1, 160 at grade 2, and 18 at grade 3. The likelihood of ADEs increased with longer stays, more positive triggers, and greater comorbidity counts.ConclusionThis study underscores the effectiveness of the GTT in enhancing ADEs detection during antifungal medication use, thereby confirming its value as a monitoring tool.

Abstract Climate change significantly impacted on the survival, development, distribution, and abundance of living organisms. The Chinese serow Capricornis milneedwardsii, known as the “four unlike,” is a Class II nationally protected species in China. In this study, we predicted the geographical suitability of C. milneedwardsii under current and future climatic conditions using MaxEnt. The model simulations resulted in area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values above 0.9 for both current and future climate scenarios, indicating the excellent performance, high accuracy, and credibility of the MaxEnt model. The results also showed that annual precipitation (Bio12), slope, elevation, and mean temperature of wettest quarter (Bio8) were the key environmental variables affecting the distribution of C. milneedwardsii, with contributions of 31.2%, 26.4%, 11%, and 10.3%, respectively. The moderately and highly suitable habitats were mainly located in the moist area of China, with a total area of 34.56 × 104 and 16.61 × 104 km2, respectively. Under future climate change scenarios, the areas of suitability of C. milneedwardsii showed an increasing trend. The geometric center of the total suitable habitats of C. milneedwardsii would show the trend of northwest expansion and southeast contraction. These findings could provide a theoretical reference for the protection of C. milneedwardsii in the future.