148 results
Search Results
2. Dental Teaching Faculty Involvement in Research Activities.
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Doshi, Dolar, Sukhabogi, Jagadeeswara Rao, Patel, Jenisha, Satyanarayana, D., and Karunakar, Parupalli
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DENTAL schools ,GRANT writing ,RESEARCH grants ,UNIVERSITY faculty ,CHI-squared test ,TEXTBOOKS - Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to examine personal and professional factors in determining the research activity and research culture among dental teaching faculty members in Hyderabad City, Telangana. Materials and Method: Two dental schools with ongoing dental undergraduate and postgraduate programmes were included in the study. The Research and Development (R&D) Culture Index Questionnaire comprising 16 items was employed for this study. Also, self‑reported research activity undertaken in the past twelve months was recorded. The association of demographic variables and professionally related variables with the perception of R&D culture and participation in research activities was assessed using the Chi‑square test. A P value was set at 0.05. Results: Of the one‑hundred and fifteen faculty members who participated in the study, seventy‑four (64.4%) worked in the government sector and forty‑one (35.6%) in privately funded dental college. The mean age of the study population was 34.11 + 7.13 years. The majority of them presented a paper or poster at the conference (66.1%; 76) followed by publishing paper in peer‑review journal (42.6%; 49) and grant application for research (6.1%; 7), and authoring of a textbook was undertaken by only 2.6% of the study population. Males (61.1%; P = 0.04) and those employed in private dental college (65.8%; P = 0.02) had significantly high levels of overall perception than their respective counterparts. Conclusion: Our study concludes that this study population has a positive perception (50.32 + 6.95) towards research with the majority of them having done a paper or poster publication (66.1%) in the last one year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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3. Appropriate Hand Drying - The Missed Step of Hand Hygiene: A Qualitative Evaluation of Hand Drying Practices among Indian Health Care Workers.
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Kumar, Rakesh, Wasim, Sanober, Pandita, Neerul, Suman, Pushpang, and Gupta, Girish
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CROSS infection prevention ,CROSS-sectional method ,QUALITATIVE research ,INFECTION control ,HAND washing ,SCIENTIFIC observation ,INTERVIEWING ,STATISTICAL sampling ,HYGIENE ,TERTIARY care ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,HAND ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology - Abstract
Hand hygiene remains one of the most effective methods of preventing healthcare-associated infections. Hand drying is the end point of hand hygiene. Hand drying after hand hygiene is less explored, and the practice varies in different facilities. This explorative study was done to know the various hand-drying methods and practices of healthcare workers in Indian settings. This was a descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based observational study initiated from a tertiary care setup in Uttarakhand. Healthcare workers over 18 years of age directly involved in patient care were enrolled. A semi-structured questionnaire with both open-ended and close-ended questions was used with snowballing sampling technique. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Out of the eligible 395 respondents, 62.8% were female. The mean age of the respondents was 31.34 ± 8.44 years and average working hours were 8.87 ± 2.97 (range 4-24) hours. Only 72.7% did hand hygiene always before touching a patient. Nurses were more compliant about hand hygiene than doctors (P < 0.0001). A total of 82.8% were aware of appropriate hand-drying methods. Staff in the Intensive care unit Intensive care unit (ICU) setup were more aware of hand drying practices (P = 0.033). A total of 21.8% wiped their hands on their clothing to dry their hands. This was more in staff from paraclinical departments (P = 0.001). A total of 35.7% used handkerchiefs to dry hands. Resident doctors used handkerchiefs more than senior doctors or nursing staff (P = 0.01). A total of 49.9% of respondents spent less than 10 seconds in hand drying. Hand-hygiene knowledge is high among healthcare workers in India, but the knowledge of appropriate hand-drying practices is lacking. There is wide variation in the practice of hand drying. Better hand drying guidelines and incorporating hand drying as the essential endpoint of the hand hygiene ritual are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Free Papers Compiled.
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RESEARCH ,PSYCHOSES ,CONFERENCES & conventions ,NEUTROPHIL lymphocyte ratio ,STATISTICAL correlation - Published
- 2022
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5. Free Papers Compiled.
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PERSONALITY ,RESEARCH ,COVID-19 ,CROSS-sectional method ,MEDICAL screening ,CONFERENCES & conventions ,AGGRESSION (Psychology) ,SOCIAL skills ,INTENTION - Published
- 2022
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6. Overcoming structural barriers to sharing power with communities in global health research priority-setting: Lessons from the Participation for Local Action project in Karnataka, India.
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Pratt, Bridget, Seshadri, Tanya, and Srinivas, Prashanth N.
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FIELD research ,MATERNAL health services ,RESEARCH evaluation ,PATIENT participation ,HEALTH services accessibility ,HUMAN research subjects ,NONPROFIT organizations ,PRIORITY (Philosophy) ,RESEARCH methodology ,WORLD health ,COMMUNITIES ,INTERVIEWING ,MEDICAL care research ,SELF-efficacy ,INTER-observer reliability ,RESPONSIBILITY ,RESEARCH funding ,DECISION making ,CHILD health services ,THEMATIC analysis ,JUDGMENT sampling ,ADULT education workshops - Abstract
Community engagement is gaining prominence in global health research. But communities rarely have a say in the agendas or conduct of the very health research projects that aim to help them. This paper provides new evidence on how to share power in priority-setting in ways that seek to overcome structural constraints created by the funding environment. The five strategies were identified through case study research on the Participation for Local Action project in Karnataka, India. That project was carried out by researchers in partnership with the Zilla Budakattu Girijana Abhivrudhhi Sangha, an indigenous community development organisation representing the Solega people. The paper describes each identified strategy for sharing power in priority-setting, followed by a report of the pitfalls and challenges that arose when implementing it. Thus, the study also demonstrates that even where actions and strategies are used to address power imbalances, pitfalls will arise that need to be navigated. Given those challenges, considerations to reflect upon before employing the identified strategies are suggested. Ultimately, the paper aims to communicate strategies for sharing power during and after priority-setting and lessons on how to implement them effectively that can be used by global health researchers in the current funding environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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7. Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of the Indian Journal Annals of Library and Information Studies with Comparative to Indian and Worldwide Journals: A Study.
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Bhadauria, Ambika and Gautam, J. N.
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SERIAL publications , *QUALITATIVE research , *PERIODICAL articles , *INTERPROFESSIONAL relations , *LIBRARIES , *QUANTITATIVE research , *AUTHORSHIP , *INFORMATION science , *BIBLIOMETRICS , *IMPACT factor (Citation analysis) , *RESEARCH , *PUBLISHING , *COMPARATIVE studies - Abstract
This study conducted the bibliometric analysis of the journal "ALIS" and its comparison to other journals worldwide and in India. The data were sourced from the Scopus database with the help of advanced searching from 2018 to 2021, in which 108 papers were received for the study. This study studies the authorship pattern and the extent of collaboration. Total citations received, most prolific author and country's contribution, highest cited paper, and year-wise productivity of the journal The results reveal that India is the highest contributing country, i.e., from 2018 to 2021. Sri Lanka is the second-leading contributing country, and Iran is in third place. The extent of collaboration is 0.71 between authors. Four authors have published four articles each during this tenure. If we count the year-wise productivity of the journal, 2021 is the leading year both in terms of publication and the number of citations received. It found that in 2020, the journal's rank will be 110, which will continue increasing. It also reveals the top 10 ranking in the database, in which the International Journal of Information Management scored the first rank. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Research Methods and Contribution of Inflibnet to the University library in India Today.
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Gohel, Miteshkumar C. and Mobarsa, R. N.
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IDEOLOGY ,ACADEMIC libraries ,LIBRARY information networks ,RESEARCH methodology ,SCHOLARLY communication - Abstract
Preparing a scholarly research article is a critical, creative and high level intellectual work. Preparing a research paper involves following a specific process. In which a collective approach is adopted. Which stops wasting the researcher's energy and time? Authors or researchers who prepare research articles usually have to use two types of resources. Primary or first class sources and secondary or second class sources. His research article is evaluated on the basis of these references. The researcher should understand the difference between facts and ideas. The fact is that what everyone has accepted in the form of truth does not require any evidence to prove the truth the research paper presents many ideologies and different observations. If there is any kind of doubt it is confirmed so the researcher should not mix facts and ideas. Doing so lowers the level of the research article. There is no fixed structure or template for writing a research article. Each researcher writes in his own way and in a certain way. There are different methods for doing research work, such as historical research method, descriptive research method, individual study method, survey research method, comparative research method, experimental research method, methods are used. Presents. Research Objectives Research is defined and a comprehensive outline is prepared based on observations and experience. A good type of research profile helps in preparing the structure of the study. Such as 1. Chapter Details 2. Research Problem 3. Related Research-Literature 4. Research Methodology 5. Data Analysis 6. Research Conclusion and Advice / Guidance. The Information and Library Network (INFLIBNET) Center, Gandhinagar is an Autonomous Inter-University Center (IUC) of the University Grants Commission, New Delhi (Ministry of Education, Government of India). It is a major national program launched by UGC in March 1991 as a project under IUCAA, it became an independent inter-university center in June 1996. INFLIBNET is involved in the modernization of university libraries in India using state-of-the-art. Techniques for the best use of information. INFLIBNET is a leading organization in India to promote scholarly communication between academics and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
9. Access to assistive technology for persons with disabilities: a critical review from Nepal, India and Bangladesh.
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Karki, Jiban, Rushton, Simon, Bhattarai, Sunita, and De Witte, Luc
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RESEARCH ,HEALTH services accessibility ,RESEARCH methodology ,INTERVIEWING ,QUALITATIVE research ,ASSISTIVE technology ,MEDICAL care for people with disabilities ,RESEARCH funding - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to analyse and critically reflect on access to Assistive Technology (AT) for persons with disabilities (PWD) in Nepal, India and Bangladesh. This analysis aims to guide the development of a contextualised generic AT service delivery model suitable for these countries, based on the best practices identified. This paper is based on a comprehensive study conducted in Nepal, India and Bangladesh, observing mobility and hearing-related AT service delivery centres run by the government, as well as private and nongovernmental organisations, and interviews with key informants: policymakers (5), AT service providers (20) and AT service users (20) between December 2019 to February 2020. A descriptive, qualitative exploratory study design was followed. A quality assessment framework was used to structure the analysis and interpret the findings. AT service provisions are poorly developed in all three countries. On all quality indicators assessed, the systems show major weaknesses. AT users have very limited awareness about their rights to these services and the availability of AT services, the range of services available is very limited, and eligibility is dependent on medical criteria related to visible and severe disabilities. Lack of accessibility, eligibility, reachability and affordability are the main barriers to access AT services for PWD in Nepal, India and Bangladesh. Increased community level awareness, increased Government funding and a community based, medically informed flexible social model of AT services is a way forward to ensure access to AT services for PWD in these countries. Increased community awareness is necessary to increase access to Assistive Technology Services for Persons with Disabilities. Increased and flexible funding from the Government and philanthropists will improve rehabilitation. Establishment of community based Assistive Technology Services centres will increase access and improve rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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10. Ethics in Research and Publications.
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Kambhampati, Srinivas B. S., Menon, Jagdish, and Maini, Lalit
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PUBLISHING , *ETHICS , *PLAGIARISM , *VIRTUAL reality , *ARTIFICIAL intelligence , *ROBOTICS , *MEDICAL research - Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study is to present a comprehensive overview of the ethical issues and the processes involved in research and publishing in India. The study examines the present ethical norms, guidelines, frameworks and developments in India, providing insights into the nation's current status of research and recommendations for publication. This document will be a useful starting point and reference document for those embarking on research and publication in Orthopaedics in India. Materials: A survey of the literature was done, which included scholarly papers, reports, rules, and policies pertaining to Indian publishing norms and research ethics. the document starts with a general introduction to ethics, followed by the evolution of ethics in research and the current International as well as Indian codes of ethics. Subsequently, the discussion is divided into two broad headings of ethics in research and ethics in publishing. Under each heading, there are many specific areas in orthopaedics that would require the application of a unique set of ethics. These areas are discussed separately as subheadings. Results and Discussion: The review draws attention to the complexity of ethical issues in Indian and international research and publishing in orthopaedics. Where available, specific guidelines about the topic in India or international guidelines are discussed. The importance of informed consent, data integrity, plagiarism, authorship disputes, and conflicts of interest are only a few of the key results. It is obvious that ethical norms and regulations, such as those offered by the University Grants Commission (UGC), the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), and the Council of Publication Ethics (COPE) are crucial in determining how research is conducted and how papers are published. The types of studies discussed include research in humans and animals, research with stem cells, metal implants and devices, orthobiologics, Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, computer modelling, virtual reality, 3D printing and bioprinting, tissue banking and data management. The roles of different personnel in research and publications are discussed. Conclusions: Ethics in research and publishing play a crucial role in establishing the authority and standard of scholarly work in India. This study underlines the key concepts of ethics that guide various types of studies and the publication process. It also highlights the requirement for frameworks and guidelines for certain unique areas of research in orthopaedics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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11. Mathematical modeling of the effect of screening for unaware HIV/AIDS-infected patients using homotopy perturbation method.
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P. N., Vijayakumar, P., Balaganesan, S., Rekha, and J., Renuka
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AIDS diagnosis ,DIAGNOSIS of HIV infections ,HIV infection transmission ,HEALTH literacy ,MATHEMATICS ,HEALTH attitudes ,HIV-positive persons ,HIV infections ,RESEARCH ,MEDICAL screening ,AIDS - Abstract
Introduction: In this paper, we analyzed the study of a mathematical model of non-linear differential equation on the effect of HIV/AIDS disease among unaware HIV/AIDS-infected population. Material and methods: Population was divided into four categories, including HIV-negative individuals, unaware HIV-positive cases, aware HIV-positive, and AIDS patients. The model was investigated numerically and analytically using fourth-order Runge-Kutta approach and homotopy perturbation method (HPM). Results: We have discussed the parameter variation graphically. Conclusions: Determining the dynamics of HIV prevalence and investigating the effect of each parameter on the governing equation can be simple with analytical solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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12. How is inclusiveness in health systems research priority-setting affected when community organizations lead the process?
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Pratt, Bridget, Srinivas, Prashanth N, and Seshadri, Tanya
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ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc. ,RESEARCH ,GOVERNMENT programs ,RESEARCH funding ,HEALTH planning - Abstract
Community engagement is gaining prominence in health research. But communities rarely have a say in the agendas or conduct of the very health research projects that aim to help them. One way thought to achieve greater inclusion for communities throughout health research projects, including during priority-setting, is for researchers to partner with community organizations (COs). This paper provides initial empirical evidence as to the complexities such partnerships bring to priority-setting practice. Case study research was undertaken on a three-stage CO-led priority-setting process for health systems research. The CO was the Zilla Budakattu Girijana Abhivrudhhi Sangha, a district-level community development organization representing the Soliga people in Karnataka, India. Data on the priority-setting process were collected in 2018 and 2019 through in-depth interviews with researchers, Sangha leaders and field investigators from the Soliga community who collected data as part of the priority-setting process. Direct observation and document collection were also performed, and data from all three sources were thematically analysed. The case study demonstrates that, when COs lead health research priority-setting, their strengths and weaknesses in terms of representation and voice will affect inclusion at each stage of the priority-setting process. CO strengths can deepen inclusion by the CO and its wider community. CO weaknesses can create limitations for inclusion if not mitigated, exacerbating or reinforcing the very hierarchies that impede the achievement of improved health outcomes, e.g. exclusion of women in decision-making processes related to their health. Based on these findings, recommendations are made to support the achievement of inclusive CO-led health research priority-setting processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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13. Trends of Global Scientific Research on Reclaimed Coal Mine Sites between 2015 and 2020.
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Spasić, Marko, Drábek, Ondřej, Borůvka, Luboš, and Tejnecký, Václav
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SPOIL banks ,COAL ,COAL mining - Abstract
Open-cast coal mining is one of the most often-debated industries in the world. Due to the significant environmental and health issues it causes, many of these sites have been reclaimed over the years, and many scientific publications and research has followed. In this paper, we have tried to assess the trends in recent research performed on reclaimed coal mining sites (RMS) by analyzing the publications visible on Web of Science (WoS) between 2015 and 2020 and dividing the research into six categories. The results show that there is a trend of rapid increase in research that deals with carbon and its pooling, nutrients, vegetation, and microbiology, and a significant decline in research on RMS soil physical properties, whereas other categories have shown an increasing but relatively steady trend. The application of modern technologies is also discussed. China, the USA, and India are the countries that quantitatively take the lead in coal RMS research, with India slowly overtaking the US in more recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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14. Prospective study of exposure to smoking imagery in films and changes in susceptibility to smoking in a cohort of school students in Southern India.
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Kamath, Veena G., Kulkarni, Muralidhar M., Kamath, Asha, Lewis, Sarah, Bogdanovica, Ilze, Bains, Manpreet, Cranwell, Jo, Fogarty, Andrew, Arora, Monika, Bahl, Deepika, Nazar, Gaurang P., Naik, Ashwath K., Ballal, Kirtinath, Bhagawath, Rohith, and Britton, John
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PSYCHOLOGY of middle school students ,RISK assessment ,STATISTICAL correlation ,RESEARCH funding ,ELEMENTARY schools ,PSYCHOLOGY of school children ,SMOKING ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ADVERTISING ,LONGITUDINAL method ,ODDS ratio ,STATISTICS ,RESEARCH ,MOTION pictures ,IMAGINATION ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,MIDDLE schools ,PSYCHOLOGICAL vulnerability ,ADOLESCENCE ,CHILDREN - Abstract
INTRODUCTION India has unique tobacco-free film and TV rules designed to prevent tobacco uptake. In this study, we examined the potential influence of exposure to smoking imagery in regionally famous films, on susceptibility to smoke in teenagers enrolled in schools in a district in Southern India. METHODS A longitudinal survey of students, in grades 6 to 8 at baseline in 2017 and grades 7 to 9 one year later in 2018, ascertained prospective incident susceptibility to smoking during the study period in relation to baseline exposure to 27 locally popular films with actual or implied smoking imagery. RESULTS We analyzed linked data from 33676 participants, and 3973 (11.8%) of the adolescents reported incident susceptibility. There was a significant increase in susceptibility to smoking with increasing exposure at baseline to smoking imagery in films on univariable analysis, highest tertile of exposure relative to no exposure (OR=1.4; 95% CI: 1.0 -2.1, ptrend<0.001), and this trend remained significant (p=0.022) after mutual adjustment for recognized confounders, highest vs no exposure (AOR=1.3; 95% CI: 0.9-1.8). We found no statistically significant association between exposure to tobacco-free film rules and change in susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS Prospectively, watching films featuring smoking imagery increases adolescents' vulnerability to smoking. Further research revealed no difference in susceptibility change between youth who saw partially compliant films and those who watched non-compliant films. Our findings, thus, underscore the need to incorporate comprehensive approaches to prevent the inclusion of smoking imagery in films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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15. Appraisal of policy measures at the beginning of a pandemic: Empirical evidence from the first four months and 12 months of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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du Plessis, Emile
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PREVENTION of infectious disease transmission ,STATISTICAL models ,RISK assessment ,INTERNATIONAL public health laws ,INFECTION control ,HEALTH policy ,STAY-at-home orders ,RESEARCH ,PUBLIC health ,COVID-19 pandemic ,GOVERNMENT regulation ,EMERGENCY management ,REGRESSION analysis ,COVID-19 ,SOCIAL distancing - Abstract
Purpose: The rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic upended societies across the world, with billions forced into lockdowns. As countries contemplated instating and rolling back lockdown measures, and considered the impact of pandemic fatigue on policy measures, and furthermore to prepare for the improved management of future pandemics, this study examines the effectiveness of policy measures in limiting the spread of infections and fatalities. Design/methodology/approach: The methodological approach in the study centres on a fixed effects panel regression analysis and employs the COVID-19 Government Response Stringency Index, which comprises eight containment measures and three health campaigns, with progressive degrees of stringency, in order to investigate the efficacy of government policies. Findings: Findings suggest that some government policies were effective at reducing implicit mortality rates, infection cases and fatalities during the first four months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Solid stringency measures to reduce mortality rates include public gathering restrictions on more than 100 attendees, and international travel limits for developed countries and islands. Fatalities can further be reduced through the closing of public transport, whereas infection cases also experience benefits from public information campaigns. Comparable results are observed in a robustness test across 12 months. Originality/value: Some non-pharmaceutical policies are shown to be more effective than others at reducing the spread of infections, fatalities and mortality rates, and support policymakers to manage future pandemics more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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16. Will teachers continue to teach online post-COVID-19?
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Arora, Jaskiran, Sahi, Gurjeet Kaur, and Yates, Nicholas
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ONLINE education ,STRUCTURAL equation modeling ,TEACHER-student relationships ,RESEARCH ,PILOT projects ,TEACHING methods ,COGNITIVE dissonance ,MOTIVATION (Psychology) ,WORK ,COLLEGE teacher attitudes ,INTERVIEWING ,CRONBACH'S alpha ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,EXPERIENTIAL learning ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,CHI-squared test ,FACTOR analysis ,STATISTICAL correlation ,COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
Numerous studies have captured the experiences of teachers teaching online, but the current 'emergency' to teach online is unprecedented and has been challenging. Grounded in the theory of cognitive dissonance, this paper attempts to recapitulate the experiences of university teachers and analyses whether they have developed the consonant cognitions to teach online during the pandemic period or would they prefer switching back to 'normal' teaching as soon as the circumstances permit. Technology-enabled teaching has been found to be complex as it mandates teaching in a computerised setting and lacks an element of social interaction, which is at the heart of face-to-face teaching. Using Structural Equation Modelling, this study presents the determining factors that motivate teachers to embrace technology-driven teaching more convincingly. The study finds that in the absence of adequate training imparted to the teachers for developing technological and pedagogical knowledge (TPK), high psychological capital and facilitating conditions are the two most important factors ensuring teaching proficiency, creating positive online experiences and a continued intention to teach online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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17. Speech–language pathologists' perceived competence in serving people with Parkinson's in India: A cross‐sectional survey study.
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Niharika, M.K., Annitha, G., Thrylokya, Ravichandran, and Patel, Ravi
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PILOT projects ,STATISTICS ,RESEARCH ,HEALTH services accessibility ,SELF-perception ,WORK ,CROSS-sectional method ,MEDICAL care ,COGNITION ,DEGLUTITION disorders ,PROFESSIONAL competence ,PARKINSON'S disease ,COMMUNICATION ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,MEDICAL referrals ,EXPERIENTIAL learning ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,JUDGMENT sampling ,STATISTICAL correlation ,DATA analysis - Abstract
Background: Speech–language pathologists are often involved in the assessment and management of communication, cognition and swallowing deficits in people with Parkinson's. However, speech–language pathologists' self‐perceived competency levels in serving people with Parkinson's remain elusive, especially in the Indian context where there is an increasing disability burden due to Parkinson's disease. Additionally, the challenges faced by speech–language pathologists in India to provide efficient services to this population are unidentified. Aims: To determine speech–language pathologists' self‐perceived competence and challenges faced when providing services to people with Parkinson's in India. Methods & Procedures: A survey questionnaire was sent to speech–language pathologists through emails and social media asking them questions to evaluate self‐perceived competency in serving people with Parkinson's and to identify the challenges to their service delivery. A total of 69 speech–language pathologists responded to the survey. Outcomes & Results: The majority of respondents reported to be competent in dealing with various domains of assessment and management of people with Parkinson's. Although competent, they reportedly faced a few challenges during their service delivery. Conclusions & Implications: This study provides an insight into the speech–language pathologists' self‐perceived competency in serving people with Parkinson's in India, and also identifies the challenges related to interprofessional service delivery. The findings of the study have educational and clinical implications. What this paper adds: The study delineates speech–language pathologists' self‐perceived competency in working with people with Parkinson's in India, a nation that is seeing a constant rise in the incidence of Parkinson's disease.The study the unique challenges within India to speech–language pathologists' service delivery for people with Parkinson's, thus having educational and clinical implications in Parkinson's disease care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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18. Processes of assistive technology service delivery in Bangladesh, India and Nepal: a critical reflection.
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Karki, Jiban, Rushton, Simon, Bhattarai, Sunita, Norman, Gift, Rakhshanda, Shagoofa, and De Witte, Prof Luc
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RESEARCH , *HUMAN rights , *RESEARCH methodology , *MEDICAL care , *INTERVIEWING , *QUALITATIVE research , *ASSISTIVE technology centers , *RESEARCH funding , *PEOPLE with disabilities , *CONTENT analysis , *THEMATIC analysis , *POLICY sciences - Abstract
This paper critically reviews and reflects on the processes for providing Assistive Technology (AT) services to Persons with Disabilities (PWD) in Bangladesh, India and Nepal. The aim is to investigate the AT service delivery systems in these countries and suggest improvements where weaknesses are identified. We carried out a descriptive qualitative exploratory study in Bangladesh, India and Nepal by conducting key informant interviews with policymakers (5), AT service providers (22) and mobility and hearing related AT service users (21). We used a directed content analysis approach guided by a seven-point AT service delivery process model to thematically analyse the existing processes for AT service delivery, from first contact through to follow-up and maintenance. AT service delivery processes are sub-optimal in all three countries, and improvements are needed. No common AT service delivery process was found, although there are common features. In general, it is easier for PWDs in India and Nepal to access AT than for those in Bangladesh, but all three countries are failing to live up to their commitments to uphold the human rights of PWDs. Although good elements of AT service delivery processes can be identified, the systems in all three countries are fragmented and generally weak. A more holistic approach of looking at the process of AT service delivery, from first contact right through to follow-up and device maintenance, with a single door service delivery system, free of cost at the point of service is recommended in these countries. Although we found significant weaknesses in AT delivery in all three countries, there are some good AT service delivery practices and opportunities for these countries to learn from one another. A systematic and stepwise approach to assessing current AT service delivery processes in the three countries – examining the delivery system as a whole, from initiation to repair and management – can help identify opportunities to improve the process for (prospective) AT users. A more coherent single door system of AT service delivery will increase the quality and efficiency of the fragmented AT service delivery practices in Bangladesh, India and Nepal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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19. Public Health Student Evaluation of Teaching Qualitative Research Using Interactive Methods.
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Livingstone, Anitha, Bhadoria, Ajeet Singh, Pontin, David, Saxena, Vartika, Thomas, Michelle, Mehta, Aprajita, and Wallace, Carolyn
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GRADUATE education ,PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience ,CONSENSUS (Social sciences) ,QUALITATIVE research ,EDUCATIONAL outcomes ,HEALTH occupations students ,TEACHING methods ,SIMULATION methods in education ,EXPERIENCE ,STUDENTS ,ADULT education workshops ,CURRICULUM planning ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,PUBLIC health ,STUDENT attitudes ,DELPHI method ,LEARNING strategies ,EXPERIENTIAL learning ,CONCEPT mapping ,GROUP process ,BRAINSTORMING - Abstract
Background: Interactive teaching methods aid post graduate students in learning qualitative research. Four academic researchers from the United Kingdom had an opportunity to teach qualitative research methods, specifically consensus methods, to the Master of Public Health students (MPH) during a visit to India. This teaching formed part of a work package with All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, India exploring the concept of family resilience among families with children under 6 years. Aims: To use the experiences of the MPH students to gain knowledge and create meaning about using the consensus methods. Participants: The participants were the MPH students. Methods: We used the workshop method to introduce the concept of family resilience by using the question, ‘What will be the three top public health priorities in India to support family resilience in the 21st century?’ as a central theme for all the workshops. Furthermore, we introduced qualitative research methods and hands on experience of consensus methods to the students. The students were introduced to Delphi and Group Concept Mapping (GCM) methods during workshop 1. Workshop 2 introduced Nominal Group Technique (NGT) through a short presentation followed by a practical hands on session using GCM data from workshop 1. The last workshop (3) focused on the World Café method. Results: The students evaluated the workshops highly and asked for online sessions on GCM, NGT, and World Café which will be planned in the future. Conclusion: We concluded that the post graduate curriculum for master’s in public health studies would benefit from teaching using interactive research methods which will enhance their critical thinking and autonomy. Second, although the MPH curriculum had quantitative methods in place, introducing qualitative consensus methods will open new avenues into future research. Finally, teaching using practical demonstration gives students a voice and makes learning effective and enjoyable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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20. Healthcare Costs Attributable to Secondhand Smoke Exposure Among Indian Adults.
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John, Rijo M and Dauchy, Estelle P
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RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL care costs ,EVALUATION research ,PATIENTS' attitudes ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH funding ,PASSIVE smoking - Abstract
Introduction: In India, 38.7% of adults are exposed to SHS at home and 30.2% at work. This paper estimates the direct economic costs of diseases attributable to secondhand smoking (SHS) in India for persons aged 15 years and above.Aims and Methods: Nationally representative data on healthcare expenditures, healthcare utilization, and SHS prevalence were used to estimate economic costs attributable to SHS. A prevalence-based attributable risk approach was used for estimating the attributable direct costs. To estimate the SHS-attributable fraction, the excess utilization of healthcare among SHS exposed non-smokers compared to unexposed non-smokers was estimated using a method of propensity score matching (PSM).Results: The annual direct economic costs attributable to SHS from all diseases in India in the year 2017 for persons aged more than 15 years amounted to INR 566.7 billion (USD 8.7 billion). This amounted to INR 705 per adult non-smoker. The SHS attributable costs were higher among the youngest age group 20 to 24, and women bear 71% of the direct medical costs attributable to SHS.Conclusions: The annual direct economic costs of SHS amount to approximately 0.33% of India's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), or 8.1% of total healthcare expenditures in India. It is also much larger than the total excise tax revenue from cigarettes and bidis. As bidi smoking is the most popular form of smoking in India and bidis are mostly consumed by the poor, a disproportionate burden of SHS is likely borne by poor households in India.Implications: In India, 38.7% of adults are exposed to SHS at home and 30.2% at work. However, there is no estimate of the economic burden of any kind from SHS exposure in India. This study used a prevalence-based attributable risk approach combined with a PSM technique to estimate excess healthcare utilization for SHS exposed non-smokers and the annual direct economic costs of SHS in India. Annual direct SHS-attributable costs in India is INR 566.7 billion (USD 8.7 billion) SHS costs constituted 0.33% of GDP and 8.1% of healthcare expenditures in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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21. The perspective of homeless space in the railway stations of India: A critical understanding through inter‐personal network analysis.
- Author
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Ghatak, Subhajit and Guchhait, Sanat Kr.
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RESEARCH ,SOCIAL support ,SOCIAL networks ,RESEARCH methodology ,INTERVIEWING ,T-test (Statistics) ,RAILROADS ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,LONELINESS ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,HOMELESSNESS ,HOMELESS persons ,JUDGMENT sampling ,DATA analysis software ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress - Abstract
There is a global recognition that the homeless in different clusters are isolated social groups. They are highly susceptible to loneliness and related psycho‐physical health outcomes owing to their less supportive and fragmented social networks. The conditions are worse in the case of chronic or lifetime homelessness. Beyond this popular notion, other critical perspectives are also there. This paper attempts to analyse the differences in inter‐personal social networks between the chronic and the non‐chronic homeless groups at a railway junction in India. The data have been collected through structured and semi‐structured questionnaires from 28 homeless people (15 chronically and 13 non‐chronically homeless) of Burdwan Railway Junction – a vital railway junction of West Bengal, India. The chronically homeless group displays more supportive and compact inter‐personal networks in this study than the non‐chronic homeless group. Living in the station area for a long time, they have formed a society of their own. Barring some psychological stress and social abuse, the livelihood scenario of these people is relatively stress‐free and social networks relations are more intensive and supportive. Considering the outcomes, instead of the housing‐first approach of rehabilitation, we favour the development of community shelters with minimum basic amenities close to their present location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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22. The impact of pandemics on medical research publication trend: Tested on PubMed as an example through the COVID-19 era.
- Author
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Al Nemer, Areej
- Subjects
- *
PUBLISHING , *ONLINE information services , *KRUSKAL-Wallis Test , *SCIENTIFIC observation , *SERIAL publications , *CROSS-sectional method , *COMPARATIVE studies , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *MEDLINE , *COVID-19 pandemic , *MEDICAL research - Abstract
Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic negatively influenced the entire life globally including various aspects of patients' care. Its effect on medical research production is not known. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on medical research reporting trend. Methods: Advanced search on PubMed was performed over 2011- August, 2021. Monthly comparison was done for the years 2019, 2020, and 2021. Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare continuous distributions. Results: The total publication count showed constant increment over the study period. Faster rise was noticed on 2020 (15.7%). A steady growth in publications over the years and through the pandemic was also seen in seven studied countries with variable, both in total and also after exclusion of COVID-19 related papers. Italy and India have the highest proportions of COVID-19 related publications in comparison to the total papers in 2020, but USA has the highest quantity. Statistically significant differences exist between the first eight months of the last three years with and without counting COVID-19 related publications (p-values=0.0003907 and 0.001084, respectively). Conclusion: Our results reflect that investigators world-wide succeeded to reconfigure their work style and utilize the spared time induced by the lockdown to enrich the medical research platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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23. Association between post‐traumatic stress symptoms and functional health among internally displaced people in Myanmar.
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Kim, Go‐Un, Jung, Eunyoung, Shim, Mi‐So, and Kim, Gwang Suk
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RESEARCH ,CROSS-sectional method ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,POST-traumatic stress disorder ,HEALTH status indicators ,T-test (Statistics) ,PEARSON correlation (Statistics) ,MATHEMATICAL variables ,CRONBACH'S alpha ,REFUGEES ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,SCALE analysis (Psychology) ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,DATA analysis software ,PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience - Abstract
Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: Internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Myanmar have been exposed to conflict and violence for a long time and experience physical, psychological and social problems.Post‐traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are more prevalent among IDPs than among general populations and refugees, and limited research is available on this topic among IDPs in Myanmar. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: More than one‐third of the IDPs in our sample from Myanmar camps had a high PTSS score. More than two‐thirds experienced traumatic events and left home after age 18.The overall functional health of IDPs was poor, and the presence or absence of PTSS led to differences in the factors associated with functional health in each group.Resilience and PTSS were associated with the functional health of IDPs in Myanmar. Further, functional health was positively correlated with levels of resilience among those relatively low in PTSS. What are the implications for practice?: Mental health nurses need to assess IDPs' health status and PTSS by first performing health screening at camps in Myanmar. Subsequently, tailored interventions can be provided according to individual health conditions and PTSS severity.IDPs in Myanmar need psychological first aid to cope with the ongoing conflict and violence, and further mental health nurse training is necessary to implement this aid and tailored interventions for PTSS. Introduction: Internally displaced persons (IDPs) are individuals forced to leave their homes and move within their country. Post‐traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are prevalent in this population. Aim: To investigate trauma symptoms and functional health of IDPs in Myanmar and identify the factors associated with their functional health according to the presence/absence of PTSS. Method: This cross‐sectional study included 201 IDPs who completed a questionnaire on functional health, PTSS, resilience, social support and hope. The analysis included descriptive statistics, t‐tests, Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression with interaction analyses. Results: Over one‐third of the participants had PTSS, with low functional health scores. The greater the resilience, the better the functional health. The higher participants' PTSS, the poorer their functional health. There was a significant interaction between resilience and PTSS. Discussion: Tailored resilience‐building programs, as well as health policies and services, are needed to enhance IDPs' functional health and help them overcome PTSS. Implications for practice: Psychological first aid should be provided to minimize PTSS experienced in situations of ongoing conflict and violence. Mental health nurses should be trained to assess IDPs' health status and tailor interventions accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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24. Research And Teaching In Political Communication: Ideological Asymmetries Determining Media Discourse In India.
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Keerthiraj, Golle, Suresh Kumar, Ambethkar, Raja, and N. G., Devaiah
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POLITICAL communication , *POLITICAL debates , *EVIDENCE gaps , *COMMUNICATION education , *PUBLIC relations - Abstract
The paper intends to demonstrate how teaching and research of political communication have some inherent flaws in India. There is a huge amount of research literature available in the field of political communication in relation to communication campaigns, alternative strategies, populism, public relations, etc. But on the other hand, there is also a research gap in this literature cornering the ideological asymmetries, which makes media debates in India very complex and contradictory at the same time. Within the broad discussion about media debates and political communication, this paper confines its scope to the inquiry of political debates in print, visual and social media. Inconsistencies and irregularities in the comparison of political behavior in India, in relation to the general description of political communication are explicit in the existing research. This gives space to the formulation of research problem in teaching/research of political communication in the Indian context. The paper will investigate the questions that emerge out of the formulated research problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
25. Parenting toddlers: Evidences of parental needs from South India.
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Holla, Chaithra, Thomas, Bino, and Kishore, Madhavaram Thomas
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PARENT attitudes , *RESEARCH , *CHILD care , *CHILD rearing , *CHILD development , *RESEARCH methodology , *MENTAL health , *INTERVIEWING , *CHILD behavior , *PARENTING , *COMMUNICATION , *NEEDS assessment , *PARENT-child relationships , *THEMATIC analysis , *EMOTIONS - Abstract
Background: Quality of childcare can predict a child's emotional and behavioural adjustment throughout the life span. Furthermore, this has major implications for child development and mental health in the long-term. Parents often face major challenges while providing childcare especially during the early years of a child. Aim: This paper describes specific parental concerns in raising a toddler from a mental health developmental perspective. Methods: The study was conducted in urban Bengaluru, India under an exploratory research design using semi-structured interviews. Ten parents participated in the study. Data was analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Four major themes emerged. The first theme was related to the formation of parental beliefs about parenting which identified several sources such as parenting practices witnessed during childhood, childhood experiences and influence of culture, mass or social media. The second theme to emerge was on concerns related to toddlers which parents had difficulties in understanding as well as managing, specially navigating through sleep and feed pattern, identifying developmental needs and making a meaning of toddlers' communication styles and content. The third theme showed parental concerns which consisted of areas such as parental stress, physical exhaustion, lack of time for each other or toddler, lack of information about handling toddlers and absence of validation of parental efforts. The final theme was on their current parenting practices with their toddlers which showcased controlling styles, play time but low on quality, inappropriate responses to toddlers' emotions or behaviours and several culturally practiced measures which were not validated scientifically. Conclusion: The pre-existing belief among parents about parenting and toddlers' specific behaviours influence parenting practices. The understanding of the parental challenges is beneficial in developing an appropriate parenting programme focussing on strengthening psychological capacities of toddlers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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26. Effect of national cultural dimensions and HIV prevalence rates on stigma towards people living with HIV/AIDS.
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Simha, Aditya, Prasad, Ramakrishna, Ahmed, Sana, Dinesh, Akshay S, and Rao, Naren P
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HIV infection epidemiology , *CULTURE , *RESEARCH , *PSYCHOLOGY of AIDS patients , *PRACTICAL politics , *SOCIAL stigma , *COMMUNITIES , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *STATISTICAL correlation , *SOCIAL attitudes , *PSYCHOLOGY of HIV-positive persons - Abstract
This paper examines the main and interactive effects of national culture dimensions and HIV prevalence rates on stigma towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIVA). We examined these various relationships using data from a sample of 68,041 individuals from 49 countries, obtained from the World Values Survey. We used Hierarchical Linear Modeling to conduct our cross-level analyses. Our results indicated that collectivistic societies were positively associated while egalitarian and performance-oriented societies were negatively associated with stigma towards PLHIVA. Additionally, HIV prevalence rates interact with several cultural dimensions to worsen stigma towards PLHIVA. Our findings indicate the need to tailor stigma reduction strategies by taking the national culture dimensions of a given society into consideration when designing and implementing programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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27. A Narrative Review of Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Indian Context.
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Srivastava, Manushi, Srivastava, Pradyumn, Dubey, Arun Kumar, and Srivastava, Priya
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AUTISM spectrum disorders , *FETAL distress , *AUTISTIC children , *AUTISM in children , *PREMATURE labor , *NEONATAL jaundice - Abstract
Autism is called "spectrum" disorder because there is a wide variation in the type and the severity of symptoms that people experience. India has a vast population, diverse cultures, and multiple languages, making it crucial to under- stand the unique challenges faced by individuals with autism spectrum disorder in the Indian context. This narrative review explores the current state of knowledge about autism spectrum disorder in the Indian context. Databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Sage journals, and other sources were searched with relevant terms for preparing this review. All published literature till January 2023 was studied and those which met the inclusion criteria were included. The resources included were original research articles, review articles, web pages, and book chapters addressing the purpose of the paper. Forty-eight such studies which met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Results showed that the prevalence of autism varied across different studies in India. The study found advanced paternal age, fetal distress, gestational respiratory infections, labor complications, preterm birth, neonatal jaundice, delayed birth cry, birth asphyxia, late initiation of breastfeeding, neonatal seizures, use of maternal hormonal intervention, and consanguinity as some of the identified risk factors of autism spectrum disorder. Parents and families of children with autism have to go through a complex negative experience, both in the family and the community. This negative experience is further compounded by the lack of awareness and access to appropriate professional help and resources. It can be concluded that there is an urgent need for services that help parents cope with the stress of parenting a child with autism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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28. Understanding Human Trafficking from India to the United States: An Intersectional Approach.
- Author
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Jani, Nairruti
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HUMAN trafficking ,INDIAN women (Asians) ,INTERSECTIONALITY ,IMMIGRATION status ,SOCIAL support ,COMMUNICATION barriers - Abstract
This paper explores the intersectionality of various analytical issues related to the trafficking of women from India, South Asia, to the United States. Addressing the oppressive pathways and their intersectionality, this conceptual framework provides a deeper understanding of the interrelationships of nationality, gender, ethnicity, religion, class, caste, immigration process, immigration status, social support in the United States, and language barriers that influence migrating women's vulnerability to human trafficking in the process of immigration from India, South Asia, to the United States. The primary purpose of this paper is to advocate for a binary perspective of intersectionality in conducting research in international human trafficking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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29. INITIATION OF FARMERS UNIVERSITY AND FARMERS BANK IN INDIA.
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Sharma, Avinash, Manpoong, Chowlani, Sharma, Sangeeta, Pandey, Himanshu, and Sharma, Hemant
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FARMERS ,INSURANCE ,AGRICULTURAL productivity ,URBAN growth ,URBAN education - Abstract
The present paper discusses about a new concept of establishment of Farmers' University and Farmers' Bank in India. The trend of university more focuses into academic, research and education related programmes for students. The university supports more student growth than farmer's development. The proposed Farmers' University emphasizes farmer-participatory education, research and extension activities with active involvement of scientists, farmers and agriculture graduates The research and training programmes, demonstration etc. will be provided by employing agriculture graduates. The university will conduct scientific crop production and farm - centred activities for farmers' growth. The farm linked activities and crop production would be clubbed with research for technology development. The Farmers' University will function with farmers involvement. The proposed Farmers' Bank is a specialized bank for farmers' services. The Farmers' Bank will assist to manage risks of Farmers associated with crop and livestock, initiate Risk Protection Insurance and guide farmers in government schemes and benefits to farmers. The Farmers' Bank is available for farmers in Missouri, Ohio, Illinois, Iowa, Virginia, Princeton and Union ville countries. The university and bank may be established in the main district of the state. The university and bank would generate employment for agriculture graduates and promote rural, urban and education development. This step forbids violence and miscreant and forms harmony and peace in the society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
30. Effect of Human Capital Investment on Economic Growth in India: A Path Analysis.
- Author
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Joshi, Seema
- Subjects
PATH analysis (Statistics) ,ECONOMIC expansion ,CAPITAL investments ,SOCIAL security ,TIME series analysis ,HUMAN capital - Abstract
This paper investigates the relationship between human capital development/investment (HCD), research and development (RD)/innovation, social security and welfare (SSW) spending and economic growth (EG). We conduct a path analysis using 30 years of annual time series data from India. Secondary data is used to construct an estimated hypothesized model. Then, the maximum likelihood statistical technique in Stata 13 is utilized to identify factors affecting growth. The findings suggest that HCD and SSW affect EG directly and positively, whereas RD has a direct as well as an indirect impact on growth via HCD. A negative and relatively large direct effect of RD outweighs the positive and small indirect effect. Therefore, the overall effect of RD on EG is negative. All path coefficients (or time-varying coefficients) are statistically significant except for RD. The negative sign of the path coefficient of RD clearly shows that in addition to quantity, the quality of RD and presence of "social filter conditions" matter. Therefore, a comprehensive policy focusing on a series of factors like socio-economic conditions is needed to support the overall innovation system to reap the benefits of higher RD expenditure. The positive and significant influence of HCD and SSW on economic growth highlights the much-needed impetus for human development and welfare policies. Although several researchers have written on the relationship between HCD, R&D, and SSW and economic growth separately, as per our knowledge there has been no study that tries to capture the direct and indirect impact of these variables on economic growth, or that has used a path analysis technique to do so. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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31. Health Communication in Media: An Analytical Study of Coverage of World Blood Donor Day in Leading National Dailies from Jaipur.
- Author
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Pandey, Hemant Kumar, Kumar, Subhash, and Dixit, Prabhat
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PUBLISHING ,RESEARCH ,HEALTH education ,MASS media ,PHYSICIANS' attitudes ,INTERVIEWING ,NEWSPAPERS ,HEALTH ,INFORMATION resources ,SPECIAL days ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,CONTENT analysis - Abstract
Print media is the oldest media for news and information. It includes newspapers, magazines, journals and other printed material etc. The print media is responsible for reporting the latest and accurate news and information. The common people find the plethora of thoughts from the newspapers so that they can formulate their own opinions, ideas and judgment about the issues. Health related stories are an important part of the information published in the newspapers. In this research paper the researcher has undertaken content analysis of four national dailies published from Jaipur city over a period of three years (2019, 2020 & 2021) on their coverage of 'World Blood Donor Day'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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32. Liver Transplantation Research from India During the Last 25 Years: 1998–2022.
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Vaishya, Raju, Gupta, Brij M., Kappi, Mallikarjun M., Sibal, Anupam, and Goyal, Neerav
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- *
LIVER transplantation , *BIBLIOMETRICS , *DATABASE searching , *BIBLIOTHERAPY - Abstract
Liver transplant surgery has been performed in India for the last 25 years. We aimed to analyse the trends, characteristics, and key elements in the field of liver transplantation research from India. On April 23, 2023, we conducted a search of the Scopus database for the literature on liver transplantation research, using a well-defined search strategy. MS Excel and VOS viewer software programs were used to examine the articles for organisation, author, journal, keywords, and high-cited literature. This analysis examined a total of 556 papers, which constituted only a 1.55% share of the global output. These papers involved 442 organizations, 1575 authors, and 147 journals. External funding was received in 4.13% and 23.56% were involved in international collaboration. Three Delhi-NCR organizations, namely the Medanta–The Medicity (n = 63), Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences (n = 60), and Indraprastha Apollo Hospital (n = 48) led in publication productivity. M. Rela (n = 90) and A.S. Soin (n = 63) were the leading authors in publication productivity, while S. Sudhindran and P. Bhangui were the most impactful authors. Liver Transplantation (n = 96) and Journal of Clinical & Experimental Hepatology (n = 65) published the maximum number of these papers, whereas, Annals of Surgery and Journal of Hepatology led in the citation impact per paper. The most significant keywords were "Liver Transplantation" (n = 484), and "Living Donor" (n = 254). Only 1.80% (n = 10) of the papers were highly cited papers that received 50 to 142 citations and they together registered 69.9 citations per paper. Although the number of publications on liver transplantation from India started growing recently, it forms only 1.55% of the global report. There is an unmet need to increase government-supported research and multicenter collaborative studies at national and international levels for high-quality patient care. [Display omitted] • A total of 556 papers on liver transplantation research from India constitutes a 1.55 % share of the global output. • This is the first comprehensive bibliometric analysis of India's liver transplant research over the last 25 years. • Delhi-NCR authors and institutions were the leaders in this area of research. • There has been a continuous rise in publications, with the maximum surge seen in the last decade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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33. Patients', carers' and healthcare providers' views of patient‐held health records in Kerala, India: A qualitative exploratory study.
- Author
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Joseph, Linju, Greenfield, Sheila, Manaseki‐Holland, Semira, T. R., Lekha, S., Sujakumari, Panniyammakal, Jeemon, and Lavis, Anna
- Subjects
CAREGIVER attitudes ,HYPERTENSION ,RESEARCH ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,SELF-management (Psychology) ,RESEARCH methodology ,DIABETES ,INTERVIEWING ,PATIENTS' attitudes ,QUALITATIVE research ,MEDICAL records ,COMMUNICATION ,DECISION making in clinical medicine ,THEMATIC analysis ,JUDGMENT sampling ,STATISTICAL sampling - Abstract
Introduction: Poor medical information transfer across healthcare visits and providers poses a potential threat to patient safety. Patient‐held health records (PHRs) may be used to facilitate informational continuity, handover communication and patient self‐management. However, there are conflicting opinions on the effectiveness of PHRs, other than in maternal and child care. Moreover, the experiences of users of PHRs in low‐ and middle‐income countries are critical in policy decisions but have rarely been researched. Aim: This study aimed to explore similarities and differences in the perspectives of patients, carers and healthcare providers (HCPs) on the current PHRs for diabetes and hypertension in Kerala. Methods: A qualitative design was used comprising semistructured interviews with patients with diabetes/hypertension (n = 20), carers (n = 15) and HCPs (n = 17) in Kerala, India. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Themes generated regarding the experiences with PHRs from each user group were compared and contrasted. The themes that arose were organized under three headings: use of PHRs in everyday practice; the perceived value of PHR and where practice and value conflict. We found that in the use of PHRs in everyday practice, multiple PHRs posed challenges for patients carrying records and for HCPs locating relevant information. Most carers carried all patients' past PHRs, while patients made decisions on which PHR to take along based on the purpose of the healthcare visit. HCPs appreciated having PHRs but documented limited details in them. The perceived value of PHRs by each group for themselves was different. While HCPs placed value on PHRs for enabling better clinical decision‐making, preventing errors and patient safety, patients perceived them as transactional tools for diabetes and hypertension medications; carers highlighted their value during emergencies. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that users find a variety of values for PHRs. However, these perceived values are different for each user group, suggesting minimal functioning of PHRs for informational continuity, handover communication and self‐management. Patient and Public Involvement: Patients and carers were involved during the pilot testing of topic guides, consent and study information sheets. Patients and carers gave their feedback on the materials to ensure clarity and appropriateness within the context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. The counterfeit degree certificate: application of blockchain technology in higher education in India.
- Author
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Jha, Sanjay Kumar
- Subjects
BLOCKCHAINS ,DIGITAL technology ,DIGITAL transformation ,HIGHER education ,TECHNOLOGY education ,DIGITAL communications ,AGILE software development - Abstract
Purpose: In this work-in-progress, the application of blockchain technology (BT) in higher education in India – involving academic institutions, students and verifiers – in the wake of fake degrees (racket) being issued at a large scale from universities across the country is being investigated. This paper considers providing new methods of database system in education, and implementing the new BT in education can increase transparency and security in the education system. Design/methodology/approach: This study used interview methodology (asking interview participants a series of informal questions to obtain knowledge). Findings: Private and public sector organizations have many challenges to overcome in synchronizing and aligning their digital transformation efforts to enable the network effects to take hold. India's policymakers, civil society leaders, senior business leaders and entrepreneurs are building strong clusters to help the country be the leader of the next era of the internet as a platform that helps transform human affairs for the benefit of the citizens. Executives can contribute to the digital ecosystem by creating open and collaborative cultures where knowledge and innovation are shared with the industry for the benefit of the masses and, more so, to establish quality and communication standards. They also can contribute by staying open to change, embracing digital adoption and transformation within their management models and infrastructure. It is time for institutions to rethink their processes and governance structures to become more agile and innovative players. The success of a harmonious digital identity ecosystem relies on staying ahead of the organization's digital curve. As a first step to provide better quality in the provision of public services, Secure Key Technologies' blockchain-based ecosystem (securekey.com) allows multiple partners to strengthen the authentication and provides identity attribute validation as a fabric of trust and as a solid foundation to embrace a new digital era. Secure Key Technologies' vision for the future of digital identities redefines the ways both consumers and businesses approach identity verification and the sharing of key personal information. The challenges identified in the education system be it the difficulty in authenticating certifications and documents, tracking intellectual property and in accessibility can be better managed through blockchain implementation. Originality/value: Digital certificates produced using blockchains are the most secure and efficient method being adopted by many countries across the globe (Grech and Camilleri, 2017). Tamper-proof blockchain records consist of three components or layers: the first contains the signed hash of the content, the second contains all the data and images and the third is the presentation and styling of the data. The verification process is relatively simple; the hash of the recipient is compared to the hash stored on the blockchain if they match the document is verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Cost of treating sick young infants (0-59 days) with Possible Serious Bacterial Infection in resource-constrained outpatient primary care facilities: An insight from implementation research in two districts of Haryana and Uttar Pradesh (India).
- Author
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Garg, Charu C., Mukopadhyay, Rupak, Arora, Narendra Kumar, Awasthi, Shally, Verma, Raj Kumar, Poluru, Ramesh, Limbu, Priya, Qazi, Shamim Ahmad, Bahl, Rajiv, and Bin Nisar, Yasir
- Subjects
RESEARCH ,PNEUMONIA ,HEALTH facilities ,COUNSELING ,RURAL conditions ,HOME care services ,CLASSIFICATION ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL care costs ,PATIENTS ,INTERVIEWING ,PRIMARY health care ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,COST analysis ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,BACTERIAL diseases ,METROPOLITAN areas ,POSTNATAL care ,OUTPATIENT services in hospitals ,MEDICAL needs assessment ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Background Information on the average and incremental costs of implementing alternative strategies for treating young infants 0-59 days old in primary health facilities with signs of possible serious bacterial infection (PSBI) when a referral is not feasible is limited but valuable for policymakers. Methods Direct activity costs were calculated for outpatient treatment of PSBI and pneumonia in two districts of India: Palwal, Haryana and Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. These included costs of staff time and consumables for initial assessment, classification, and referrals; recommended treatment of fast breathing (oral amoxicillin for seven days) and PSBI (injection gentamicin and oral amoxicillin for seven days); and daily assessments. Indirect operational costs included staff training; staff time cost for general management, supervision, and coordination; referral transport; and communication. Results The average cost per young infant treated for recommended and acceptable treatment for PSBI was 16 US dollars (US$) (95% CI=US$15.4-16.3) in 2018-19 and US$18.5 in 2022 (adjusted for inflation) when all direct and indirect operational costs were considered. The average cost of recommended treatment for pneumonia was US$10.1 (95% CI=US$9.7-10.6) or US$11.7 in 2022, per treated young infant. The incremental cost 2018-2019 for supplies, medicines, and operations (excluding staff time costs) per infant treated for PSBI was US$6.1 and US$4.3 and for pneumonia was US$3.5 and US$2.2 in Palwal and Lucknow, respectively. Operation and administrative costs were 25% in Palwal and 12% in Lucknow of the total PSBI treatment costs. The average cost per live birth for treating PSBI in each population was US$5 in Palwal and US$3 in Lucknow. Higher operation costs for social mobilisation activities in Palwal led to the empowerment of families and timely care-seeking. Conclusions Costs of treatment of PSBI with the recommended regimen in an outpatient setting, when a referral is not feasible, are under US$20 per treated child and must be budgeted to reduce deaths from neonatal sepsis. The investment must be made in activities that lead to successful identification, prompt care seeking, timely initiation of treatment and follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. ATTITUDE OF UG NURSING STUDENTS TOWARDS EXCLUSIVE ONLINE TEACHING DURING PANDEMIC A WEB-BASED MULTI-CENTRIC APPROACH.
- Author
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Das, Indira and Gita, S.
- Subjects
CROSS-sectional method ,COMPUTER simulation ,SCALE analysis (Psychology) ,SATISFACTION ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,TEACHING methods ,INFORMATION technology ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,MOTIVATION (Psychology) ,EXPERIENCE ,STUDENTS ,ONLINE education ,EPIDEMICS ,RESEARCH methodology ,RESEARCH ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,MULTIMEDIA systems ,COLLEGE students ,STUDENT attitudes ,CONTINUING education ,TEACHER-student relationships ,HEALTH facilities ,NURSING students ,EDUCATIONAL attainment - Published
- 2024
37. Designing a mentorship curriculum for assisting social reintegration among youth in institutional care in India.
- Author
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Mishra, Rachna and Dutta, Satarupa
- Subjects
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LIFE , *HEALTH services accessibility , *INSTITUTIONAL care , *INDEPENDENT living , *HUMAN services programs , *REHABILITATION , *MENTORING , *PROBLEM solving , *TRANSITIONAL care , *CURRICULUM planning , *RESEARCH , *SOCIAL skills , *TRANSITIONAL programs (Education) , *PROFESSIONAL employee training , *PSYCHOLOGICAL stress , *CHILD care , *TRANSITION to adulthood , *EMPLOYMENT , *VOCATIONAL guidance , *PATIENT aftercare , *WELL-being - Abstract
• Youth transitioning from child care institutions face a lack of adequate transition planning, aftercare infrastructure, and service availability. • An educative mentorship-based curriculum can facilitate a smooth and effective transition. • Mentoring focused on both well-being and professional development can reduce the stress associated with the transition. Although child protection policies and laws in India recognise the importance of aftercare, there is still a significant lack of infrastructure, available services, and systematic preparation for the transition. The accelerated and compressed journey from adolescence to adulthood, coupled with limited options to return home if their initial endeavours falter, adds to the complexity of the transition process. To develop knowledge and skills for transition preparedness, this paper presents a step-by-step approach to designing an educative, mentorship-based curriculum. The curriculum is based on an exploratory study conducted across 17 child care institutions in Pune, India. Findings showed that the adolescents appreciate the existing support resources, but feel that much of the critical, practical, and seemingly more urgent transitional needs are still left out. Borrowing insights from the primary data and the available literature, the curriculum has been designed to target six core areas addressing needs for belongingness, preparation for life after transition, enabling clarity of future vision, life skills, enhancing employability, and problem-solving. To buffer the overall stress of the transition, the focus of the curriculum has been kept simultaneously on promoting overall well-being and providing professional and career development support. The study recommends a robust evaluation framework to assess the relevance and effectiveness of the curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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38. Menstrual practice needs among college going women in Coimbatore district, India: an analytical cross-sectional study.
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Ramya, Vijayakumar, Kumar, Mohan, Shanmugam, Jeevithan, Seetharaman, N., Mahanshetty, Sushmitha, Dhandapani, Srihari, Aparnavi, P., Durairaj, Thavansree, and Rathinamoorthy, Ramesh
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MENSTRUAL cycle -- Psychological aspects ,CROSS-sectional method ,SCALE analysis (Psychology) ,PARENTS ,SELF-evaluation ,HEALTH literacy ,T-test (Statistics) ,DATA analysis ,INCOME ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,STATISTICAL sampling ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,HYGIENE ,DISEASE prevalence ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHI-squared test ,POPULATION geography ,FAMILY relations ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,FEMININE hygiene products ,HEALTH behavior ,RESEARCH ,MARITAL status ,RURAL conditions ,STATISTICS ,ONE-way analysis of variance ,DISPOSABLE medical devices ,METROPOLITAN areas ,PSYCHOLOGY of college students ,NEEDS assessment ,DATA analysis software ,BIODEGRADABLE materials ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,EDUCATIONAL attainment ,REGRESSION analysis ,SOCIAL classes ,SOCIAL stigma - Abstract
Background: In India, twenty-five percent of women who menstruate are unable to utilize sanitary methods, and even among those who have access, there are multiple obstacles to achieving proper menstrual hygiene management. The consequences of inadequate menstrual health may extend to affect a girl's socialisation, empowerment, overall well-being, and even survival. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of unmet menstrual practice needs and its determinants among college going women in Coimbatore district, India. Methodology: A questionnaire based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 3144 college going women from October 2022 to January 2023. Menstrual Practice Needs Scale (MPNS-36) was used to collect data regarding the unmet needs and their mean scores were compared across socio-demographic variables, menstrual knowledge, and the choice of hygiene material. Results: The mean (SD) age of the study population was 19.3 (1.8) years. The prevalence of unmet menstrual practice needs was 62.8% with a mean (SD) MPNS score of 1.8 (0.4). The total MPNS score was low for those currently residing in rural or having a rural hometown. The unmet need was better for those residing in-campus of the educational institute and having educated parents. The socioeconomic class and presence of a personal income also influenced the total MPNS scores significantly (p < 0.05). Menstrual talks with friends before puberty and with friends and family after puberty improved the MPNS scores. Regarding menstrual hygiene methods, modern menstrual methods (MMM), disposable and bio-degradable materials had a lower unmet need. Marital status, freedom to manage expenses, pre-pubertal menstrual talks with family, and total number of family members did not influence the scores of MPNS. Multivariate regression analysis showed that maternal education, menstrual talks with family after puberty, and type of menstrual hygiene method including its disposability were independent predictors of total MPNS scores. Conclusion: Addressing unmet menstrual practice needs among college-going women in Coimbatore district necessitates a multifaceted approach encompassing education, access to affordable and sustainable menstrual products, and destigmatization efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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39. The Mediating Role of Death Obsessions in the Relationship Between Caregiver Burden and Somatic Symptoms: A Study on the Informal Dementia Caregivers in India.
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Beri, Vanshika
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TREATMENT of dementia ,BEHAVIOR disorders ,ATTITUDES toward death ,STATISTICAL correlation ,MEDICALLY unexplained symptoms ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,BURDEN of care ,RESEARCH ,DEMENTIA ,PSYCHOLOGY of caregivers ,FACTOR analysis - Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the caregiver burden, death obsessions, and somatic symptoms; and whether the death obsessions are playing a mediating role in the relationship between the caregiver burden and somatic symptoms. The study was done on the informal dementia caregivers residing in India. Three questionnaires in a google form were circulated. The correlational and mediation analysis revealed that there was a significant and positive correlation between the caregiver burden, death obsessions, and somatic symptoms. Further, the death obsessions significantly mediated the relationship between caregiver burden and somatic symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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40. Awareness of Basic Life Support among Speech and Hearing Professionals.
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Suman, Ankita, Neupane, Anuj Kumar, and Chowdhury, Arpita Singha
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CROSS-sectional method ,FIRST aid in illness & injury ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,EMERGENCY medical services ,JUDGMENT sampling ,CHI-squared test ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,PROFESSIONS ,LIFE support systems in critical care ,RESEARCH ,DATA analysis software - Abstract
Introduction One of the most important aspects of happiness is one's health. Increased industrialization in developing nations has contributed to a change in disease patterns away from infectious illness as the major cause of morbidity and mortality toward chronic diseases such as heart disease and trauma. Most emergency circumstances need immediate medical attention before a person is taken to the hospital; therefore, public awareness and training programs can aid in providing efficient basic life support care and services. Only a few works of literature on basic life support and prehospital emergency care in an Indian context are available and are usually studied among school teachers. However, no comparable research including allied health experts such as speech and hearing professionals has yet been published in the literature. Aim The present study aimed at exploring the awareness of speech and hearing professionals regarding basic life support in an Indian context. Methods The questionnaire consisted of two sections where section A comprised 6 questions related to demographic details and participant's experience, and section B composed of 17 questions related to knowledge of normal bodily physiology, medical emergencies, and first aid and related aspects. A cross-sectional exploratory study design was conducted on 250 participants. Out of 250 responses, 42 of them were incomplete and so were removed from the study. Therefore, a total of 208 complete responses received from the participants in the age range of 22 to 60 years from across 23 states and 1 union territory of India were included in the study. Results The result revealed a low percentage of speech and hearing professionals with an adequate understanding of basic life support. The majority of them were found to have insufficient knowledge of normal bodily physiology, medical emergencies, and first aid and related aspects. Discussion Being the first of its kind, the present study revealed limited awareness about basic life support among professionals, and therefore, the need to improvise the knowledge of basic life support and prehospital emergency care. This may be achieved by introducing training programs of various natures and dimensions to speech and hearing professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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41. Epicentral influences of Indian English on Nepali English.
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RESEARCH , *INFLUENCE , *ENGLISH language - Abstract
The present paper investigates India's potential role as a linguistic epicentre for Nepal by conducting a short‐term diachronic follow‐up study of Bernaisch and Lange (2012) that is based on the South Asian Varieties of English corpus. Based on the recently updated version of the corpus with similar data from a decade later, a potential spread of the presentational itself construction with an adverbial focus, which has allegedly spread in Nepal originating in Indian English, is investigated. Also, possible instances of invariant use of itself, that are frequently used in Indian English, will be scrutinized. While findings indeed show an increase of the adverbial focus construction, supporting India's role as an epicentre for the region, only one invariant use of the feature can be documented in Nepali English, which can tentatively be interpreted as a selection process that might be at play in the acceptance and spread of certain epicentrally induced features over others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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42. A Qualitative Approach to Study the Identity Development of Deaf Students in India.
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Kathuria, Sunita
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CULTURE ,RESEARCH ,HOME environment ,PARENT attitudes ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,DEAFNESS ,CHILD development ,RESEARCH methodology ,GROUP identity ,FAMILIES ,STUDENTS with disabilities ,QUALITATIVE research ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,SPECIAL education schools ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,AGE factors in disease ,HEARING disorders ,SOCIAL status ,JUDGMENT sampling ,CONTENT analysis ,THEMATIC analysis ,PARENT-child relationships ,EDUCATIONAL attainment ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Purpose: This research aimed to explore the deaf identity development process and to compare the identity status of deaf children in India, based on their exposure to inclusive and segregated educational institutions. The first section of the paper presents the Deaf Identity Development Models proposed by other researchers, while the second section deals with the information acquired from the deaf students in the study sample. Method: Forty pre-lingual deaf students were selected through a purposive sampling technique. The study tool was an adapted version of the Deaf Identity Development scale. The data was analysed qualitatively through content analysis. Identified themes were presented along with the verbatim statements. Results: The findings revealed that the age of onset of hearing loss, degree of hearing impairment, parents' hearing ability, family's socio-economic status, parents' education, family environment, the attitude of parents, social exposure, present and past experiences and social acceptance of the deaf child contribute tremendously to the development of an identity. The study also found that most of the deaf students who had not attended special schools possessed a culturally marginal identity, whereas students with prior special school experience possessed a bicultural identity and were better adjusted in the inclusive schools as compared to their counterparts. Conclusion: Further research is suggested, with a special focus on how people with different degrees of congenital hearing impairment experience and negotiate their identity in context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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43. Why Do Manuscripts Get Rejected? A Content Analysis of Rejection Reports from the Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine.
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Menon, Vikas, Varadharajan, Natarajan, Praharaj, Samir Kumar, and Ameen, Shahul
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CONTENT analysis ,ACQUISITION of manuscripts ,MANUSCRIPTS ,INDIANS (Asians) - Abstract
Background: A proportion of manuscripts submitted to scientific journals get rejected, for varied reasons. A systematic analysis of the reasons for rejection will be relevant to editors, reviewers, and prospective authors. We aimed to analyze the reasons for rejection of manuscripts submitted to the Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine , the flagship journal of Indian Psychiatric Society South Zonal Branch. Methods: We performed a content analysis of the rejection reports of all the articles submitted to the journal between January 1, 2018, and May 15, 2020. Rejection reports were extracted from the manuscript management website and divided into three types: desk rejections, post-peer-review rejections, and post-editorial-re-review rejections. They were analyzed separately for the rejection reasons, using a predefined coding frame. Results: A total of 898 rejection reports were available for content analysis. Rejection was a common fate for manuscripts across the types of submission; figures ranged from 26.7% for viewpoint articles to 72.1% for review articles. The median time to desk rejection was 3 days, while the median time to post-peer-review rejection and post-editorial-re-review rejection was 42 days and 96 days, respectively. The most common reasons for desk rejection were lack of novelty or being out of the journal's scope. Inappropriate study designs, poor methodological descriptions, poor quality of writing, and weak study rationale were the most common rejection reasons mentioned by both peer reviewers and editorial re-reviewers. Conclusions: Common reasons for rejection included poor methodology and poorly written manuscripts. Prospective authors should pay adequate attention to conceptualization, design, and presentation of their study, apart from selecting an appropriate journal, to avoid rejection and enhance their manuscript's chances of publication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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44. Factors Affecting Survival in Severe and Very Severe COPD after Admission in ICUs of Tertiary Care Centers of India (FAST COPD): Study Protocol for a Multicentric Cohort Study.
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Arunachala, Sumalatha, Devapal, Sindhuja, Swamy, Dayana Shre N., Greeshma, Mandya V., Ul Hussain, Imaad, Siddaiah, Jayaraj B., Christopher, Devasahayam J., Malamardi, Sowmya, Ullah, Mohammed Kaleem, Saeed, Mohammed, Parthasarathi, Ashwaghosha, J., Jeevan, Kumar, Jeevan, N., Harsha, Laxmegowda, Basavaraj, Chetak K., Raghavendra, Pongali B., Lokesh, Komarla S., L., Nischal Raj, and K., Suneetha D.
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HOSPITAL care ,TERTIARY care ,SEVERITY of illness index ,LONGITUDINAL method ,OBSTRUCTIVE lung diseases ,INTENSIVE care units ,RESEARCH ,DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, there is a lack of comprehensive data from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) regarding factors influencing COPD outcomes, particularly in regions where biomass exposure is prevalent. Objective: The Factors Affecting Survival in Severe and Very Severe COPD Patients Admitted to Tertiary Centers of India (FAST) study aims to address this gap by evaluating factors impacting survival and exacerbation rates among COPD patients in LMICs like India, with a specific focus on biomass exposure, clinical phenotypes, and nutritional status in patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Methods: The FAST study is an observational cohort study conducted in university teaching hospitals across India. The study aims to enroll 1000 COPD patients admitted to the ICU meeting specific inclusion criteria, with follow-up assessments conducted every 6 months over a 2-year period. Data collection includes demographic information, clinical manifestations, laboratory investigations, pulmonary function tests, medications, nutritional status, mental health, and health-related quality of life. Adjudication of exacerbations and mortality will also be undertaken. The FAST study seeks to provide crucial insights into COPD outcomes in LMICs, informing more precise management strategies and mitigating the burden of COPD in these settings. By evaluating factors such as biomass exposure, clinical phenotypes, and nutritional status, the study aims to address key knowledge gaps in COPD research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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45. Overlooked Realities: Reimagining "Home" and "House" Among Women Domestic Workers in India.
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Thakkar, Shriya and Smiley, Kevin T.
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WOMEN'S rights ,SAFETY ,GENDER role ,SEXISM ,QUALITATIVE research ,GROUP identity ,INTERVIEWING ,SOCIOECONOMIC status ,WORK environment ,BLUE collar workers ,FAMILIES ,PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation ,EXPERIENCE ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,METROPOLITAN areas ,MIGRANT labor ,DOMESTIC violence ,RESEARCH ,FIELD research ,SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,EMPLOYEE attitudes ,SOCIAL classes - Abstract
Domestic workers (DWs) are integral to the daily lives of a significant portion of India's urban population, with an estimated 3.9 million individuals employed in domestic roles in urban areas, mostly women. This article explores the perceptions of home, house, and safe spaces among migrant women DWs in Delhi. Through in-depth interviews, it delves into their lived experiences as both breadwinners and survivors of domestic violence, revealing that (a) house and home are differently conceptualized by these workers; (b) their homes are perceived as warzones, reinforcing patriarchy through incidents of domestic violence and gendered subordination; and (c) women DWs navigate the complexities of conflicting identities as breadwinners and survivors within unequal gendered relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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46. Cord Blood pH and Lactate- A Step Ahead in Diagnosis of Fetal Acidaemia in Patients with Abnormal Cardiotocography.
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MUKHOPADHYAY, Indrani, SINGH, Sanjay, and KACHATTI, Sushila
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DIAGNOSIS of fetal diseases ,HYDROGEN-ion concentration ,STATISTICAL correlation ,BLOOD gases analysis ,DELIVERY (Obstetrics) ,T-test (Statistics) ,BLOOD collection ,ACCELERATION (Mechanics) ,PREGNANCY outcomes ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHI-squared test ,TERTIARY care ,PREGNANT women ,LONGITUDINAL method ,LACTIC acidosis ,LACTATES ,MECONIUM ,GESTATIONAL age ,APGAR score ,RESEARCH ,CORD blood ,ACIDOSIS ,FETAL heart rate monitoring ,PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of acceleration ,FETAL distress ,FETAL anoxia ,FETUS - Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) is used to identify early signs of fetal deterioration. However, caution is advised when interpreting cardiotocographic parameters. A promising alternative is umbilical cord blood sampling. The analysis of blood gases and lactate levels in the cord within the initial minutes of life is a recommended approach. STUDY DESIGN: This prospective cohort study, conducted over eighteen months from June 2021 to December 2022, enrolled 70 patients with non-reactive and 70 with reactive cardiotocograph (CTG) patterns. APGAR scores were recorded at 1 and 5-minute intervals. 1 ml of umbilical artery blood was assessed in an arterial blood gas machine and fetal acidosis was defined as pH <7.0 and a lactate concentration exceeding 4 mmol/L. RESULTS: In the non-reactive CTG group, 35.7% had early decelerations, 37.1% had variable decelerations, and 17.1% had late decelerations (p<0.001). The mean cord blood lactate was 5.220±1.970 mmol/L in the non-reactive CTG group and 3.400±0.228 mmol/L in the reactive CTG group. Similarly, the mean cord blood pH was 7.030±0.007 in the non-reactive CTG group and 7.170±0.076 in the reactive CTG group (p<0.001). 14.3% of cases in the non-reactive CTG group had a 5-minute APGAR <7, with a higher APGAR score in the reactive group. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that abnormal or indeterminate CTG readings are linked to a higher risk of intrapartum fetal acidosis. Non-reactive CTG results were associated with higher mean cord blood lactate and pH levels and more number of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admissions. There is a definite correlation between abnormal CTG patterns and poorer neonatal outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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47. Pathways to care for people with dementia in India: An exploratory study using case vignettes.
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Thomas, Priya Treesa, Rajagopalan, Jayeeta, Hurzuk, Saadiya, Ramasamy, Narendhar, Pattabiraman, Meera, De Poli, Chiara, Lorenz-Dant, Klara, Comas-Herrera, Adelina, and Alladi, Suvarna
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DIAGNOSIS of dementia ,TREATMENT of dementia ,MEDICAL protocols ,POLICY sciences ,RESEARCH funding ,LONG-term health care ,MEDICAL care ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CAREGIVERS ,RESEARCH ,SOCIAL support ,CASE studies ,EVIDENCE-based medicine ,MEDICAL care costs ,HOSPICE care - Abstract
Background: Limited evidence exists on how people living with dementia and their family/unpaid carers navigate care and support in India. Aim: This study used case vignettes to illustrate likely pathways to care for dementia, from receiving a diagnosis to long-term support, in India and to highlight gaps and challenges associated with current care provision for persons living with dementia. Methods: As part of the Strengthening Responses to Dementia in Developing Countries (STRiDE) project, and to contribute to an analysis of dementia care policies and systems in India, case vignettes were used to illustrate the diverse situations that people with dementia and their families may experience when seeking care in the Indian context. Eight hypothetical, but realistic cases of people with dementia were created by a multi-disciplinary team with experience in dementia care in India, to map out the likely care journeys of each case. Results: Investigating eight diverse care trajectories of people living with dementia highlighted important patterns relevant to the Indian context. We identified delays in dementia diagnosis to be attributed to low awareness of dementia among the general public and medical professionals in addition to a critical shortage of specialist services involved in facilitating dementia diagnosis. Post-diagnosis, support was recognized as limited and associated with considerable out-of-pocket (OOP) costs. Families primarily provide long-term care for people with dementia till end of life. Conclusions and Recommendations: Several steps need to be taken in order to improve dementia care in India. Increasing dementia awareness among both medical professionals and general public is essential. Shortages in dementia specialists can be addressed in part through appropriate task shifting. Lastly, more research is needed to develop evidence-based community interventions to support informal care provision for persons with dementia in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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48. Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Leptospirosis in High-Risk Occupational Groups in the State of Gujarat as Determined by IgM ELISA and MAT Test: A Cross-Sectional Study.
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Mevada, Yogendra, Vinod, Kumar Kirubakaran, Balamurgan, Vinayagamurthy, Chavhan, Snehal, Kumar, Jitendra, and Palkhade, Rajendra
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INJURY complications ,RISK assessment ,CROSS-sectional method ,WORK ,DRINKING (Physiology) ,LEPTOSPIROSIS ,RESEARCH funding ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,CATTLE ,BLOOD collection ,IMMUNOGLOBULINS ,ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay ,POULTRY ,RESIDENTIAL patterns ,CHI-squared test ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,AGGLUTINATION tests ,ODDS ratio ,QUALITY of life ,PARTICIPATION ,RESEARCH ,AGRICULTURAL laborers ,SEROPREVALENCE ,DATA analysis software ,DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Background: Leptospirosis is a reemerging zoonosis affecting humans and animals worldwide in tropical and subtropical countries. The study was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of leptospirosis in high-risk occupational groups (cattle farm workers, poultry farm workers, and slaughterhouse workers) in the state of Gujarat and to determine related risk factors for leptospirosis. Methods: Using an interview-guided questionnaire, a cross-sectional study was conducted involving 123 people in high-risk occupational groups (namely, cattle farm workers, poultry farm workers, and slaughterhouse workers) from five districts of the state of Gujarat, India. The participants' serum samples were screened for antileptospiral antibodies by using Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Immunoglobulin M (IgM) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) followed by a microscopic agglutination test (MAT). The Chi-square (χ²) test and odds ratio were calculated using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y., USA) to ascertain the associated risk factors. Results: Regarding demographic information, this study included 104 men and 19 women in high-risk occupational groups. The overall seroprevalence of antileptospiral antibodies in these high-risk workers was 46.3%. The seroprevalence was the highest among poultry farm workers (56.6%), followed by cattle farm workers (54.5%) and slaughterhouse workers (25.6%). The MAT in combination with IgM is adequate for the serological diagnosis of leptospirosis, but we have also employed IgG ELISA to understand the chronic infection in these high-risk occupational groups as exposure was both past and present. Tests were conducted for antibodies against various Leptospira serovars in the major serogroups; frequent serovars included Hurstbridge, Panama, Javanica, Tarassovi, Copenhageni, Pomona, and Weaveri, among others. The significant (P < 0.05) risk factors associated with leptospirosis in these high-risk occupations reported to be living in field areas, the presence of livestock in the neighborhood, working in slaughterhouses, drinking water from natural water resources, contact with animals such as dogs or livestock, and wounds during occupational practice. Conclusion: Considering the high seroprevalence of leptospirosis, high-risk occupational groups should be regularly screened for potential development of the fatal disease. Hurstbridge was found to be the most prevalent serovar in the studied population, followed by Panama, Javanica, and Tarassovi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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49. Competency Assessment of Project Managers of a National NGO in India.
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Sandhu, Monisha Vaid and Liang, Zhanming
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NATIONAL competency-based educational tests ,ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc. ,RESEARCH ,FAMILY planning ,STATISTICS ,BUSINESS management of health facilities ,FOCUS groups ,DISCUSSION ,STRATEGIC planning ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,MATHEMATICAL models ,SELF-evaluation ,LEADERSHIP ,EXECUTIVES ,MEDICAL care ,PRIVATE sector ,SURVEYS ,CASE studies ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,THEORY ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,PROPRIETARY hospitals ,ODDS ratio - Abstract
Public health projects carried out by non-government organisations (NGOs) are considered a critical contributor in the provision of health services to rural population in India. But there is clear lack of documented evidence that describes the capacity and competency of the NGO project managers to successfully design and implement a new project. This article presents findings of an exploratory case study using outreach model of family planning service delivery as an example to understand the steps and actions taken by senior managers throughout the project's life cycle and competencies required by them to execute the project. Focus group discussion followed by paper-based survey using sections of Management Competency Assessment Tool was conducted with senior managers of the chosen NGO. The results indicate that the strategies developed by the NGO managers are consistent with the existing literature on project management. However, not all managers have the same level of confidence in demonstrating the competencies of (a) knowledge of healthcare environment; (b) evidence informed decision making; and (c) interpersonal, communication qualities and relationship management. The organisation needs to invest in human resource development using mixed approach of providing training, team building activities, mentoring, and support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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50. Challenges and Outcomes of the First Stem Cell Transplant Program in Tanzania, East Africa.
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Rwezaula, Stella, Yonazi, Mbonea, Panchal, Amey, Dhoot, Ashish, Mathew, Jemy, Tony, Sonu, Rao, Sandeep, Muhoka, Peter, Mahfudh, Samira, Budodi, Neema, Kasubi, Mabula, Ndobho, Flora, Kakumbula, Helena, Luhulla, Koga, Kapesa, Linda, Tungaraza, Heri, Nyagabona, Sarah, Shayo, Agnes, Seleki, Felister, and Mtenga, Janeth
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HEMATOPOIETIC stem cell transplantation ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,HOSPITALS ,LYMPHOMAS ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,HEMATOLOGY ,RESEARCH ,PROGRESSION-free survival ,LENGTH of stay in hospitals ,HEMATOPOIETIC stem cells ,PUBLIC administration - Abstract
Introduction. Due to the significant resources involved in creating HSCT programs there is a significant disparity in the availability of this treatment modality between the developed and developing countries. This manuscript details the process and the outcomes of the first HSCT program in East Africa which was started at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. Materials and Methods. Information and data were collected on the processes which had been implemented for starting the HSCT program at MNH. The details of the collaborations, training, infrastructure development, and acquisition of the biomedical equipment, as well as the actual process for HSCT, as well as the outcomes of treatment are described. Observations. The project has been detailed in 4 stages for ease of description: Stage 1: Preparatory work which was performed by the Government of Tanzania, as well as the administrators and clinicians from MNH (July 2017-September 2021). Stage 2: Exploratory gap analysis by the teams from MNH and International Haematology Consortium of HCG Hospital, India (HCG-IHC) in October 2021. Stage 3: Activities for closure of gaps (November 2021). Stage 4: Stem Cell Transplantation Camps (November 2021 to March 2022). 11 peripheral blood stem cell transplants were done in two camps, November 2021 (5 patients), and February 2022 (6 patients). 10 patients underwent autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma and 1 for lymphoma. The median duration of hospital stay was 19 ± 6 days. The median time for neutrophil engraftment, it was on 8.8 ± 0.8 days, and for platelet engraftment was 9.6 ± 2.4 days. Progression-free survival was 100%, and there was no mortality. Conclusion. Commonalities in the socioeconomic challenges in developing countries can be leveraged to create robust HSCT programs in other developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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