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Recent market growth in women's sport has happened as fans increasingly support brands that embrace social issues, suggesting that women's sport houses multiple logics (financial and social) that may be compatible. The purpose of this study is to explore employees' perspectives of the logics in women's sport and how these influence their workplace experiences. Using a case study design, we interviewed 15 women's sport employees. We observed that they navigate both financial and social logics, which they see as compatible. This understanding of a complementary relationship has both behavioral (e.g., collaboration) and emotional (e.g., collective anxiety) consequences for employees. Notably, collective anxiety is simultaneously associated with negative effects and positive coping mechanisms, demonstrating its complexity in shaping individuals' actions. This research advances understanding of how employees respond to multiple logics and the effects of this process. Insights from this study can help women's sport managers better support workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the mid 1980s, Lichtenstein, Pnueli, and Zuck proved a classical theorem stating that every formula of Past LTL (the extension of Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) with past operators) is equivalent to a formula of the form \(\bigwedge _{i=1}^n {\mathbf {G}}{\mathbf {F}}\varphi _i \vee {\mathbf {F}}{\mathbf {G}}\psi _i\) , where φi and ψi contain only past operators. Some years later, Chang, Manna, and Pnueli built on this result to derive a similar normal form for LTL. Both normalization procedures have a non-elementary worst-case blow-up, and follow an involved path from formulas to counter-free automata to star-free regular expressions and back to formulas. We improve on both points. We present direct and purely syntactic normalization procedures for LTL, yielding a normal form very similar to the one by Chang, Manna, and Pnueli, that exhibit only a single exponential blow-up. As an application, we derive a simple algorithm to translate LTL into deterministic Rabin automata. The algorithm normalizes the formula, translates it into a special very weak alternating automaton, and applies a simple determinization procedure, valid only for these special automata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) and reversible logic have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional CMOS technology, offering several advantages, such as ultra-dense structures and ultra-low-power consumption. Among the crucial components of processors, the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) has witnessed significant advancements in reversible computing, leading to energy-efficient and high-speed computing systems, particularly beneficial for Digital Signal Processing (DSP) applications. Conventional ALUs, reliant on irreversible logic, encounter energy inefficiencies due to information loss during computations, resulting in increased power consumption. Moreover, they may face limitations in processing speed, impacting real-time processing capabilities, especially for complex DSP tasks involving intensive arithmetic and logic operations. In response to these challenges, a research paper presents a pioneering approach, proposing a novel reversible ALU design using QCA nanotechnology. The proposed design ingeniously incorporates Modified Fredkin (MF) gates, and a coplanar reversible full adder based on the HNG gate, skillfully leveraging the unique features of QCA nanotechnology to optimize the ALU's energy-efficient and high-speed performance for DSP applications. This revolutionary QCA reversible ALU comprises 330 QCA cells arranged in a compact 0.41 μm2 area, skillfully realized through the coplanar clock-zone-based crossover approach. Its core computational elements, the three MF gates, and the innovative coplanar reversible full adder empower the ALU to execute a remarkable array of 20 distinct arithmetic and logic operations, showcasing its versatility in handling diverse DSP tasks. The proposed structure undergoes extensive simulations utilizing QCADesigner version 2.0.3 to confirm its performance. The evaluation results manifest substantial improvements compared to previous designs, boasting a 30% reduction in area occupancy, a 20% decrement in cell count, a 10% reduction in latency, and a 10% decrease in quantum cost compared to the best-known previous structure. These compelling outcomes solidify the potential of the proposed reversible ALU as a transformative advancement in energy-efficient and high-speed computing for DSP applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A capability machine is a type of CPU allowing fine-grained privilege separation using capabilities, machine words that represent certain kinds of authority. We present a mathematical model and accompanying proof methods that can be used for formal verification of functional correctness of programs running on a capability machine, even when they invoke and are invoked by unknown (and possibly malicious) code. We use a program logic called Cerise for reasoning about known code, and an associated logical relation, for reasoning about unknown code. The logical relation formally captures the capability safety guarantees provided by the capability machine. The Cerise program logic, logical relation, and all the examples considered in the paper have been mechanized using the Iris program logic framework in the Coq proof assistant. The methodology we present underlies recent work of the authors on formal reasoning about capability machines [Georges et al. 2021; Skorstengaard et al. 2019a; Van Strydonck et al. 2022], but was left somewhat implicit in those publications. In this paper we present a pedagogical introduction to the methodology, in a simpler setting (no exotic capabilities), and starting from minimal examples. We work our way up to new results about a heap-based calling convention and implementations of sophisticated object-capability patterns of the kind previously studied for high-level languages with object-capabilities, demonstrating that the methodology scales to such reasoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business history provides multiple examples of similar managerial crises occurring over an extended period. Despite the growing need for improved management decision-making, managers continue to demonstrate a lack of reflexivity and revert to formulaic practices that have contributed to previous events. In response, we employ the institutional logics perspective to explain causes of managers' nonreflexive decision-making, and as a basis for a new historical focus within business schools. Specifically, we extend the model of collective memory-making to develop a pedagogical model that outlines how management educators can develop students' historical sensibility—that is, their sensitivity to and appreciation of possible pasts and the impact of managerial actions on history—to overcome the constraining influence of dominant logics on managers' decision-making. To this end, we advocate that management educators develop students' abilities to procure and evaluate historical documents with reference to context; critically analyze retrieved documents and synthesize narratives; and communicate those narratives. The harnessing of historical sensibility is assisted by articulation of specific action foci. By focusing on both the development and harnessing of historical sensibility, we go beyond the presumption that more history will (and should) ensure better management practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay argues that the three concepts of (1) firms' operant resources, (2) firms' masterful operant resources, and (3) masterful marketing academic competences extend S-D logic to the marketing discipline, itself. Specifically, this essay argues that individual marketing academics can, like firms, exhibit a masterful ability for addressing the marketing discipline's important problems. We argue that this ability, this competence, can attain the status of 'masterful' in certain individuals and provide evidence that Professor Michael J. Baker did, indeed, have a masterful marketing competence. That is, he did indeed have a significant body of marketing knowledge, and he did indeed use this knowledge in a masterful manner to address important problems of the marketing discipline. Accordingly, he deserves the appellation 'masterful marketing academic.' [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fit plays a key role in organizational entry decisions. However, selecting staff based on their anticipated fit is vulnerable to bias, potentially leading to inequality, stratification, and polarization. First, we focus on person–organization fit and critically examine arguments for and against the hegemonic perspective that selecting for person–organization fit is an effective, responsible, and ethically appropriate approach. This is a controversial subject with bifurcated positions. On the one hand, there should be benefits for employers and employees, such as increased performance, productivity, motivation, and engagement. On the other hand, there are some potentially major downsides, such as subjective bias, reduced diversity, and fears that greater homogeneity will bring about organizational dysfunction. We reveal that two forms of fit, organizational fit and interpersonal fit, have been conflated, and recommend disaggregating them. Second, we critically examine person–job fit and demonstrate that it too has both positive and negative sides. We produce a consolidated version of these different elements of "selecting for fit" that integrates the various literatures and informs policy. We advance five practical recommendations to improve the use of fit in personnel selection that help to realize its inclusive promise and minimize its deleterious effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DNA circuits are important fundamental tools for performing temporal logic operations with complex structures, but they lack sequence orthogonality. Here, we developed a simple and orthogonal hairpin exonuclease assistance signal (H-EAST) architecture to construct DNA domino circuits with time-delay characteristics and temporal logic operations, which has potential applications in biomolecular computing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shape optimization approaches to inverse design offer low‐dimensional, physically‐guided parameterizations of structures by representing them as combinations of primitives. However, on fixed grids, computing the gradient of a user objective via the adjoint variables method requires a product of forward/adjoint field solutions and the Jacobian of the simulation material distribution with respect to the structural shape parameters. Shape parameters often perturb global parts of the simulation grid resulting in many non‐zero Jacobian entries. These are often computed by finite‐difference (FD) in practice, and hence can be non‐trivial. In this work, the gradient calculation is accelerated by invoking automatic differentiation (AD) in instantiations of structural material distributions, enabled by the development of extensible differentiable feature‐mappings from parameters to primitives and differentiable effective logic operations (denoted AutoDiffGeo or ADG). ADG can also be used to accelerate FD‐based shape optimization by efficient boundary selection. AD‐enhanced shape optimization is demonstrated using three integrated photonic examples: a blazed grating coupler, a waveguide transition taper, and a polarization‐splitting grating coupler. The accelerations of the gradient calculation by AD relative to FD with boundary selection exceed 10×$\times$, resulting in total optimization wall time accelerations of 1.4×$1.4\times$–3.8×$3.8\times$ on the same hardware with no compromise to device figure‐of‐merit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fair access protocols (FAPs) are intended to ensure all schools in a local authority (LA) area take collective responsibility for ensuring pupils struggling to access an in-year school place are quickly admitted to a school. Every LA must have a FAP which, once agreed, can be used to direct schools to admit pupils. This is somewhat against the fragmentation of local education systems seen in the academies agenda. This paper considers the role of FAPs in facilitating inclusive local education systems by exploring the reintegration of students from alternative provision (AP) to mainstream school. The data on which this paper draws were collected as part of an England-wide research project which drew on nationally published datasets, administrative data from freedom of information (FOI) requests, and survey data from 64 professionals working in AP. The extent of FAP use varies widely as do rates of reintegration. Likewise, there is both evidence suggesting that FAPs can play a significant role in facilitating strategic coordination, and that they have limited power/influence to ensure reintegration. These findings suggest that achieving inclusive local practice requires a shift towards an underlying logic of cooperation in the education system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper makes the case that an operation whose function expresses subjectivity can be formalised outside of identity stipulations. This operation is best characterised by poetic computation: a function that maps modes of expression to their respective contexts of application, i.e. from a domain of selection to one of composition. This move, I feel, eludes the failings endemic to the presuppositions required by and that undergird traditional logics of identity: one-to-one correspondence between name and thing, regardless of context. This expressive mechanism, indicative of the activity of the subject in itself, is non-representational. This framing accounts for how its operation goes on to produce the various ‘representations’ that are identified as, but not interchangeable with, that subject. These expressions are dependent upon the multitude of contexts that subject inhabits. I ask, how is it possible to present a theory of subjectivity without a reliance on identity? My hope is to show how something non-representational can be understood by way of the representations it produces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite research on differences in moral logics across demographic categories, the overall community structure in how Americans share standards of judgment, and hence a fundamental basis for categorical inequalities, remains unclear. To identify communities of shared moral logics, we inductively code judgments in interview transcripts from a probability sample of Americans. We then identify clusters in a network induced by similarities in how Americans judge. We find that competence and prosociality emerge as primary logics by which Americans judge others positively. Gender is the strongest predictor for which moral logics Americans deploy in daily life. Finally, different communities emerge in judgments of institutions, or in negative judgments, suggesting that Americans deploy various moral logics depending on context, which suggests possibilities for bridging categorical divides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reference points provide crucial spatial information for people with visual disabilities, and existing literature categorizes and describes their functions. However, these studies still adhere to a geographical pointillist logic that perceives points as fixed and stable entities and overlooks corporeal processes through which reference points are created. Utilizing concepts from Deleuze-Guattarian philosophy and drawing from sit-down and go-along interviews with visually disabled people, this article answers the question of how to conceptualize reference points from a non-pointillist perspective. By elucidating how reference points need to be actualized through affirmative bodily acts of complex spatio-temporal assemblages, it dismantles their seemingly disembodied and static nature. Consequently, the text explores reference points interwoven with diverse assemblages and examines scenarios in which suitable assemblages could not be assembled, nor could reference points, therefore, be actualized. Thus, the article departs from conceiving of points solely as nouns and presents them in verbal terms, effectively reconciling stability with dynamism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In embedded applications and digital signal processing systems, multipliers are crucial components. In these applications, there is an increasing need for energy-efficient circuits. We use an approximate adder for error tolerance in the computational process to improve performance and reduce power consumption. Due to human perceptual constraints, computational errors do not significantly affect applications like image, audio, and video processing. Adiabatic logic (AL), which recycles energy, can also be used to build circuits that require less energy. In this work, we propose a carry save array multiplier employing an approximate adder based on CMOS logic and clocked CMOS adiabatic logic (CCAL) to conserve power. Additionally, using a precise full adder, multiplier parameters like average power and power delay product are calculated and compared with the multiplier. We performed simulations using 180 nm technology in Cadence Virtuoso. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars investigate philanthropy’s ability to effect change but pay less attention to strategies changing practices within the philanthropic sector. The Cooperative Assistance Fund (CAF) pioneered program-related investments (PRIs) as a philanthropic strategy that merged commercial and philanthropic logics, thus moving beyond traditional grantmaking practices. Adopting an institutional work perspective, the study describes the types of institutional work that promote a new philanthropic model. Historical evidence shows that CAF’s leadership reframed philanthropic approaches (framing work) and developed strategies influencing policy (political work), promoting PRIs (cultural work), and supporting interested foundations (technical work), but failed to develop a clear identity around these strategies (internal practice work). Taking advantage of historical methods, the study historically embeds the diverse types of institutional work that were employed, showing how these practices were often more reactive than proactive. The study contributes to our understanding of PRIs in linking their limited use to tensions between different institutional logics, while paradoxically contributing to the establishment of market-based approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Academic Library & Information Science is the property of Anhui University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

AbstractWhat explains whether someone who supports an armed movement in a foreign war turns to plotting a terrorist attack at home? Using data on 129 Australian supporters of Islamic State, this paper examines the impact of contextual and dynamic factors relating to strategic logic, mobilising structures and security measures. It finds that the strategic priority Islamic State publicly placed on transnational terrorism at a given time was most important, followed by whether the supporter was subjected to travel restrictions and law enforcement interactions, only then followed by micro-level factors traditionally focused on in quantitative studies of individual involvement in terrorism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In this article we examine the European Semester as an innovative form of policy coordination, with distinct effects on education and skills policies for Member States. We analyse the Semester's framing of education policy, and examine its manifestations in Spain and Sweden, two countries considered to be different in their approach to education. Drawing on a policy instrumentation approach and interviews with policy actors and documentary analysis, our research suggests that while the Semester has given education policy a significant place within the EU's governance, economic rationales for education are clearly dominant in the process. Still, we identify underpinning logics that strengthen the social and educational perspectives represented in the Semester, although these are still treated as productive forces for labour market integration. In addition, there is a strengthening of collaboration between the European Commission and Member States, but also tensions between different parts of the Commission over the definition and direction of education policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, there has been a lot of research in Quantum Cellular Automata (QCA) technology because it promises low power consumption, low complexity, low latency, and compact space. Simultaneously, approximate arithmetic, a new paradigm in computing, streamlines the computational process and emerges as a low-power, high-performance design approach for arithmetic circuits. Furthermore, the XOR gate has been widely used in digital design and is a basic building block that can be used in many upcoming technologies. The full adder (FA) circuit is a key component of QCA technology and is utilized in arithmetic logic operations including subtraction, multiplication, and division. A great deal of research has been done on the design of approximate FA, full subtractor (FS), full adder/subtractor (FA/S), and 4-bit ripple carry adder (RCA) based on XOR logic, establishing them as essential components in the creation of QCA-based arithmetic circuits. This study presents three new and effective QCA-based circuits, based on XOR logic: an approximate FA, an approximate FS, an approximate FA/S, and an approximate 4-bit ripple carry adder (RCA). Interestingly, some designs have inputs on one side and outputs on the other, making it easier to reach the components without being encircled by other cells and leading to a more effective circuit design. In particular, a delay of 0.5 clock phases, an area of 0.01 μm2, and implementation utilizing just 11 cells was accomplished in the approximate FA and subtractor designs. In a similar vein, the estimated FA/S designs showed 0.5 clock phase delay, 0.01 μm2 area, and 12 cells used for implementation. An approximate 4-bit RCA is proposed using 64 QCA cells. The effectiveness of these designs is evaluated through functional verification with the QCADesigner program. According to simulation results, these proposed solutions not only function well but significantly outperform previous ideas in terms of speed and space. The proposed FA, FS, and RCA designs surpassed the previous best designs by 21%, 21%, and 43%, respectively, in terms of cell count. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores how China’s propaganda system operates as an aspect of governance, especially how propagandists understand the public opinion they seek to influence. Understanding the concept of yuqing (public opinion conditions) is crucial for understanding propaganda in China. Yuqing is considered akin to the medical condition of public opinion (yulun). Hence, propaganda is treatment that the state provides to an organic social body of public opinion, which is subject to constant monitoring and treatment. The party-state is keen on establishing standards and norms about what a healthy and clean society should be. Thus, this paper argues that the propaganda system does not contribute to responsive authoritarianism by collecting grassroots information, but instead prioritizes cleansing public discourse in accordance with party-state logic. Furthermore, contrary to the belief that authoritarian propaganda focuses on demobilizing collective resistance and forcing compliance, China’s propaganda system disciplines the public by actively constructing discursive norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a plethora of insightful critical approaches to studying borders, but many still produce versions of borders that replicate essentialist readings of the border. In this paper, I draw out the tensions in critical accounts of bordering practices by demonstrating that borders are implicitly essentialised, and this has consequences for how they may be resisted. Critical approaches frequently conceive of borders as sites of power and resistance; I argue that these concepts have significant potential for political mobilisation, and that this should be capitalised upon. I make the case for using Spivak’s logic of ‘strategic essentialism’ when understanding borders, in order to foreground political resistance to bordering practices whilst allowing for a greater degree of conceptual clarity without the loss of criticality. Furthermore, rendering essentialisations as explicit rather than implicit serves to aid scholars themselves; this allows for reflexive acknowledgements of positionalities, reinforcing criticality in border studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Signal is an end-to-end encrypted communication protocol composed of a double ratchet (DR) protocol and an extended triple Diffie-Hellman (X3DH) protocol. Its complex ratchet structure and the characteristics of protocol composition make it challenging to realize formal analysis. A formal analysis method based on logic of events theory (LoET) is proposed to conduct a security analysis of the Signal protocol. The method includes inference rules with key relation and key chain as the core to realize the formal analysis of ratchet structure, and the inference relation between sub-protocols is established by putting forward the composition theorem. The proposed method achieves a formal analysis of Signal, revealing that it does not satisfy a strong authentication property during the X3DH phase. The results show that the LoET-based method can be effectively applied in the formal analysis of Signal protocols, thus promoting the application and development of these protocols with ratchet structure and composition properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into medical practice has increased recently. Numerous AI models have been developed in the field of anesthesiology; however, their use in clinical settings remains limited. This study aimed to identify the gap between AI research and its implementation in anesthesiology via a systematic review of randomized controlled trials with meta-analysis (CRD42022353727). Methods: We searched the databases of Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica Database (Embase), Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Xplore (IEEE), and Google Scholar and retrieved randomized controlled trials comparing conventional and AI-assisted anesthetic management published between the date of inception of the database and August 31, 2023. Results: Eight randomized controlled trials were included in this systematic review (n = 568 patients), including 286 and 282 patients who underwent anesthetic management with and without AI-assisted interventions, respectively. AI-assisted interventions used in the studies included fuzzy logic control for gas concentrations (one study) and the Hypotension Prediction Index (seven studies; adding only one indicator). Seven studies had small sample sizes (n = 30 to 68, except for the largest), and meta-analysis including the study with the largest sample size (n = 213) showed no difference in a hypotension-related outcome (mean difference of the time-weighted average of the area under the threshold 0.22, 95% confidence interval -0.03 to 0.48, P = 0.215, I2 93.8%). Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that randomized controlled trials on AI-assisted interventions in anesthesiology are in their infancy, and approaches that take into account complex clinical practice should be investigated in the future. Trial registration: This study was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022353727). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies a model of “pivotal protesting,” in which citizens act in order to change the outcome rather than to collect private benefits. We show that, when citizens face repeated opportunities to protest against a regime, pivotal protesting entails complex dynamic considerations: The continuation value of the status quo influences the citizens' willingness to protest today. Thus, a mere change in expectations about the future may trigger a revolt. The same logic often induces a pattern of protest cycles, driven by a novel source of inefficiency: An expectation that a protest will take place tomorrow can excessively sap incentives to coordinate on protesting today. Thus, potential protests crowd each other out. This can lead to a form of collective procrastination: Access to more opportunities to protest can lower the citizens' welfare, as collective action becomes inefficiently delayed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is dedicated to the philosophical legacy of Evald Ilyenkov in Soviet and post-Soviet Ukraine. The authors use the example of Ilyenkov and his legacy to show how drastically different the philosophical situation was in Soviet Ukraine in order to present a holistic viewpoint on Soviet philosophy. The authors highlight the differences between the political and philosophical circumstances in Russia and Ukraine from the 1950s to the 2010s. The Ukrainian philosophical tradition is characterized by its focus on pedagogics, aesthetics, and nonacademic forms of philosophical communication. The main organizational role in Ukrainian philosophy was played by Pavel Kopnin and Valeriy Bosenko, who introduced dialectics as logic to Kyiv universities and made an effort to create philosophical circles for students. Anatoliy Kanarskiy, the prominent Soviet philosopher who specialized in aesthetics adopted the same idea of organizing students into circles. All these personalities were connected with Ilyenkov and each other, thus proving the existence of a common tendency and tradition of thinking within the discourse of Soviet philosophy. The authors highlight that this specific tradition may be called a "Socratic tradition" with its focus on free thinking, on discussions and dialectics. This tradition goes beyond academic philosophy and roots itself in cybernetical studies by Viktor Hlushkov and exists in modern Ukraine in the form of various philosophical circles and literature clubs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Evald Ilyenkov: 'On the State of Philosophy [Letter to the Central Committee of the Party]'" provides an analysis of the current state of philosophy and its role in the communist transformation of the world. The author argues that philosophy's influence is diminishing, with other schools and concepts gaining more prominence. They criticize the dominance of neopositivism in the natural sciences and the rise of anthropological and existential approaches in the humanities. The author also highlights the confusion surrounding the understanding of philosophy as a distinct science and calls for the development of a theory of dialectics before philosophers can intervene in other sciences. The text also discusses the training of philosophical cadres at Moscow State University, criticizing the lack of clarity and neglect of dialectical materialism in current philosophical education. [Extracted from the article]

Evald Ilyenkov's last book, Leninist Dialectics and the Metaphysics of Positivism, was published in 1980 shortly after the author's tragic demise. In it he celebrated the 70th anniversary of Lenin's still controversial Materialism and Empirio-criticism (1909). Like Lenin's own book, this final contribution by Ilyenkov is often dismissed as mere polemic. But as Lev Naumenko noted in the original preface: "the fires of the ideological struggle have not weakened". Under the protective shield of "Leniniana", as Lev Naumov called it, Ilyenkov set out his approach to materialist dialectics as both the science of logic and the logic of revolution. I discuss the nature of Ilyenkov's motives, the place of Leninist Dialectics within his philosophical oeuvre and why the original manuscript was censored by the Politizdat publishers. I draw on memoirs by Ilyenkov's close colleague and friend Felix Mikhailov and intended co-author, Grigori Vodolazov. Their testimonies make evident that Ilyenkov's challenge to the myth of "two Lenins" was a thinly disguised attack on the technocratic anti-humanistic ideology that prevailed in the late 1970s Soviet Union. I propose that Lenin was inspired by Hegel's dialectic throughout his life through Russian writers as well as Marx and Engels. Ilyenkov explains how Lenin's EmpirioCriticism embodied dialectical concepts that cannot be described as crude materialism. Finally I suggest that Ilyenkov's cri de coeur still stands as a call to the future as a foundation demanding further exploration towards a contemporary theory of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers a detailed analysis of Ilyenkov's conception of the relationship between the logical and the historical. It posits that Ilyenkov, by overcoming the theoretical impasses of mainstream Soviet Marxism, was the first thinker to recognize the centrality of this relationship in dialectics. Through a brief overview of the official conception of Diamat, I explain that the latter broadly understood the relation of the logical and the historical in a rather superficial way. I then argue that Ilyenkov's approach to dialectics as the ascent from the abstract to the concrete, combined with his research orientation towards the method of Marx's Capital and his reevaluation of Hegel's philosophy led him to a much deeper understanding of the inner unity of the method of ascent from the abstract to the concrete and the relation of the logical and the historical. In reconstructing Ilyenkov's analysis on this matter, I explain how the unfolding of the categories throughout the ascent from the abstract to the concrete is inextricably intertwined with the relation of the logical and the historical. Therefore, the article concludes by arguing that Ilyenkov's analysis marks a significant advance in the understanding of dialectics in the history of Marxism, and a core aspect of this deeper understanding is his systematic approach to the relationship of the logical and the historical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we regard concepts of inclusion and exclusion as epistemological obstacles for a political (rather than a critical) analysis of migration. Working with the rich conceptual innovations and scientific and philosophical genealogies developed by Denise Ferreira Da Silva in Toward a Global Idea of Race , we seek to show how concepts of inclusion and exclusion, as well as equations between migration and mobility fortify what Da Silva has called 'globality' and 'raciality'. Either explicitly or implicitly according primacy to inclusion means that what Da Silva calls 'the logic of exclusion' ultimately folds into what she terms 'the logic of obliteration', which revolves around the necessary assimilation of the European other to the Euro-white subject. As we argue, today, the racial institution of the global operates to a large extent by way of the conceptual, classificatory and ocular practices that make up what is known as 'migration', which continues to be understood (falsely but constitutively) as cross-border mobility. We seek to show how 'migration', and its concomitant binary analytic of inclusion and exclusion, has become an apparatus separating what Da Silva calls the 'transcendental I', that is, the universal, self-determining, Euro-white subject, from those primarily characterized and known by what Da Silva calls 'affectability', that is, external determination. In the hierarchy of humans that ensues, migrants become recognizable as racially inferior, affectable not-quite-subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper mobilises a personal experience of participation in a population-based health screen to explore wider aspects of subjectivity, choice and freedom. The screen is a familiar feature of contemporary society and represents a broader 'health imperative'. It intrinsically enforces a binary choice and thus, within its own remit, produces two reductive modes of being its subject characterised, respectively, by assent and refusal. Merleau-Ponty's account of a 'conditioned freedom' operating within a primordial, embodied subjectivity, however, allows a recuperation of aspects of my enactment of choice that tend otherwise to be eclipsed within the screen's binary logic. The thinking of two more recent writers deepens my understanding of how this freedom might play out within experience. David Abram helps me grasp the extent to which I encounter the screen as an ageing animal. Meanwhile a contrast with a very different historical and inter-cultural confrontation explored by Eduardo De Castro raises far-reaching questions around the bindingness of decision and the self/other relation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decomposition puzzles are pencil-and-paper logic puzzles that involve partitioning a rectangular grid into several regions to satisfy certain rules. In this paper, we construct a generic card-based protocol called printing protocol, which can be used to physically verify solutions of decompositon puzzles. We apply the printing protocol to develop card-based zero-knowledge proof protocols for two such puzzles: Five Cells and Meadows. These protocols allow a prover to physically show that he/she knows solutions of the puzzles without revealing them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel method of portfolio selection is provided with further higher moments, filtering with fundamentals in intelligent computing resources. The Evolutional Portfolio Optimization System (EPOS) evaluates unobtrusive relations from a vast amount of accounting and financial data, excluding hoax and noise, to select the optimal portfolio. The fundamental question of Free Will, limited in investment selection, is answered through a new philosophical approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poet of Amis and Amiloun took a well-known story of lasting friendship and inflected it as one about a naive sworn brotherhood which matures into a bond of reciprocated obligations. Against the grain of existing criticism, this article argues for a poem skeptical of the friendship's early incarnation and reformative in its handling of the pair's crisis and recovery. This puts Amis and Amiloun on a tangent in relation to analogues and other narratives of promises and loyalty but aligns the poem with mainstream political concerns about confederacy and interference with justice in late medieval England. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Escape the Math Room is a fun, interactive, sequence of puzzles designed to encourage mathematical collaboration, team work, and ingenuity. Using advanced mathematical topics in an accessible way, Escape the Math Room appropriately challenges students ranging from high school to advanced undergraduate. The activity can be adjusted by adding or removing hints and explanations to accommodate the audience. This activity can be used on its own for a mathematical event, in class on a "free day" or as a team building exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce the overall topic of the S.I. Difference-Making and Explanatory Relevance and provide brief summaries of the twelve contributed articles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xi Jinping Thought's on Culture is an important part of Xi Jinping's Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. This thought has an inherent generative logic, founded on the cultural thoughts of Marxist classic writers, inheriting the excellent traditional Chinese culture genes, rooted in the century-long history of the Party's leading culture construction, and derived from Xi Jinping's long-term dedication to cultural undertakings. Xi Jinping's Thought on Culture systematically answers a series of major theoretical and practical issues about the construction of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics from three dimensions: ontology, axiology and practical theory. It highlights the dialectical qualities of unifying inheritance and innovation, theory and practice, Party spirit and people's nature, criticalness and constructiveness, nationality and cosmopolitism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strategy of revitalizing China through science and education, as a powerful measure to strengthen talent support for modernization in the new era, has put forward novel and higher requirements for higher education. For universities, to comply with this strategy with active actions possesses its deep theoretical logic, time value, practical significance, and strategic implications. An in-depth analysis from the logical starting point, logical core, logical intermediary and logical destination of the strategy, reveals the inherent necessity for universities to implement the task of talent cultivation and enhance the quality of talent cultivation. Focusing on the overall improvement of the quality of talent cultivation in universities and considering the two dimensions of learners and educators, continuous efforts should be made in four areas: following the laws of talent growth, optimizing the dilemma of talent evaluation mechanism, creating a harmonious educational environment, and strengthening international exchanges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is some consensus on the claim that imagination as suppositional thinking can have epistemic value insofar as it's constrained by a principle of minimal alteration of how we know or believe reality to be – compatibly with the need to accommodate the supposition initiating the imaginative exercise. But in the philosophy of imagination there is no formally precise account of how exactly such minimal alteration is to work. I propose one. I focus on counterfactual imagination, arguing that this can be modeled as simulated belief revision governed by Laplacian imaging. So understood, it can be rationally justified by accuracy considerations: it minimizes expected belief inaccuracy, as measured by the Brier score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cross‐temporal grounding is a type of grounding whereby present facts about the past (for example that Caesar was alive) are explained in terms of past facts (for example that Caesar is alive) rather than in terms of other present facts. This paper lays the foundations for a theory of cross‐temporal grounding. After introducing the general idea of a type of grounding connecting facts to past facts, we offer two arguments that past‐directed facts require cross‐temporal grounds—the 'argument from intimacy' and the 'argument from past explanation'. We then go on to show that cross‐temporal grounding statements can be understood as instances of a type of explanation which is perfectly legitimate and intelligible, even if somewhat unusual. Finally, we explain how the logic of grounding can be extended to accommodate cross‐temporal grounding statements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theory of mental models and its computer implementations have led to crucial experiments showing that no standard logic—the sentential calculus and all logics that include it—can underlie human reasoning. The theory replaces the logical concept of validity (the conclusion is true in all cases in which the premises are true) with necessity (conclusions describe no more than possibilities to which the premises refer). Many inferences are both necessary and valid. But experiments show that individuals make necessary inferences that are invalid, e.g., Few people ate steak or sole; therefore, few people ate steak. Other crucial experiments show that individuals reject inferences that are not necessary but valid, e.g., He had the anesthetic or felt pain, but not both; therefore, he had the anesthetic or felt pain, or both. Nothing in logic can justify the rejection of a valid inference: a denial of its conclusion is inconsistent with its premises, and inconsistencies yield valid inferences of any conclusions whatsoever including the one denied. So inconsistencies are catastrophic in logic. In contrast, the model theory treats all inferences as defeasible (nonmonotonic), and inconsistencies have the null model, which yields only the null model in conjunction with any other premises. So inconsistences are local. Which allows truth values in natural languages to be much richer than those that occur in the semantics of standard logics; and individuals verify assertions on the basis of both facts and possibilities that did not occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Andrea Kelly Henderson, "Harriet Martineau's Realized Abstractions" (pp. 81–105) Critics have long noted—and often lamented—the formal incoherence of Harriet Martineau's Illustrations of Political Economy (1832–34). This essay argues that the tales' formal bifurcations can be understood not as a failing but as a conscious response to the absence of a contemporary consensus regarding the groundedness of economic abstractions. Martineau's aesthetic of what I call "realized abstraction" offers a solution of sorts to this epistemological problem: unable to mediate between abstractions and particulars, she simply insists on the importance of both. Berkeley the Banker, her tale devoted to banking and currency, vividly dramatizes this dichotomizing logic. In this work, the relationship of concrete value to its abstract representation in paper money is analogized to a troubled marriage, one in which the husband forces his virtuous wife to subscribe to his false representations. Martineau's story will explicitly argue for the usefulness of economic theory and paper money, but she resists the tendency of abstractions to render the concrete invisible in an act of metaphoric coverture; instead, she presents the abstract and the particular as autonomous realms. Martineau's aesthetic of juxtaposition thus aspires to virtues quite different from those of Romantic organic wholeness or realist transparency: her tales aim not only to educate readers in abstract principles and historical particulars but also to train them to discriminate between the two. In subsequent decades, philosophers of science would formulate compelling new ways to bind abstractions to particulars, and the success of that project would mean that despite the Illustrations's enormous popularity during the 1830s, they would seem to later generations to be marred by formal fragmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce a new method for precisely relating algebraic structures in a presheaf category and judgements of its internal type theory. The method provides a systematic way to organise complex diagrammatic reasoning and generalises the well-known Kripke-Joyal forcing for logic. As an application, we prove several properties of algebraic weak factorisation systems considered in Homotopy Type Theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data support is already driving the development of artificial intelligence. But it cannot solve the semantic problem of artificial intelligence. This requires improving the semantic understanding ability of artificial intelligence. Therefore, a question answering system based on semantic problem processing is proposed in this study. The question answering system utilizes an improved unsupervised method to extract keywords. This technology integrates the semantic feature information of text into traditional word graph model algorithms. On this basis, semantic similarity information is used to calculate and allocate the initial values and edge weights of each node in the PageRank model. And corresponding restart probability matrices and transition probability matrices are constructed for iterative calculation and keyword extraction. Simultaneously, an improved semantic dependency tree was utilized for answer extraction. The improved keyword extraction method shows a decreasing trend in P and R values. The improved answer extraction method has a maximum P -value of 0.876 in the training set and 0.852 in the test set. In a question answering system based on keyword and answer extraction, the improved method has lower loss function values and running time. The improved method has a larger area under ROC. The results of the validation analysis confirm that the improved method in this experiment has high accuracy and robustness when dealing with semantic problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the degree to which citizenship in the early Turkish Republic was informed by a biopolitical logic of the administration of population as a social body. How this larger biopolitical logic is connected to understandings of the national project being 'modern' and/or 'scientific' is also explored, as well as how this approach is preferable to an account based on the perspective of Agamben. Furthermore, this analysis examines how limits to belonging were understood in the period, especially in relation to minority populations, and how they were categorized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inevitability to reduce the size, cost and complexity of multilevel inverter (MLI) to evolve simplified RSC (Reduced switch count) MLIs has created diversified effects such as limited switching redundancies which further restricted modularity and flexibility of implementing PWM schemes. Among the PWM schemes of RSC-MLIs, modified reduced carrier (MRC) PWM with unified switching logic (USL) is the simplest and claims to be superior with the state of art in terms of implementation, line harmonic performance, imposing least controller computational burden (of 6.5 µS to realise a three-phase seven-level RSC-MLI) by adapting minimal carrier constraints. However, this is valid for sophisticated digital controllers such as dSPACE MicroLabBox, but not for low-end cost-effective controllers such as dSPACE1104 (imposing a computational burden of nearly 25 µS to control a single-phase RSC-MLI). Thus, this paper proposes an improved USL which adopts no carrier constraints and operates with less computational burden over the conventional USL. The proposed USL gives flexibility to the user to implement a part of the switching logic with analogue circuits and thereby avoid the requirement of high-end digital controller. The scalability and superiority of the proposed USL is demonstrated for symmetrical and asymmetrical configurations of popular cascaded T-type RSC-MLI. Efficacy of the proposed USL is demonstrated with dSPACE 1104 controller and dSPACE FPGA R&D Micro-lab Box. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperdimensional (HD) computing (also referred to as vector symbolic architectures, VSAs) offers a method for encoding symbols into vectors, allowing for those symbols to be combined in different ways to form other vectors in the same vector space. The vectors and operators form a compositional algebra, such that composite vectors can be decomposed back to their constituent vectors. Many useful algorithms have implementations in HD computing, such as classification, spatial navigation, language modeling, and logic. In this letter, we propose a spiking implementation of Fourier holographic reduced representation (FHRR), one of the most versatile VSAs. The phase of each complex number of an FHRR vector is encoded as a spike time within a cycle. Neuron models derived from these spiking phasors can perform the requisite vector operations to implement an FHRR. We demonstrate the power and versatility of our spiking networks in a number of foundational problem domains, including symbol binding and unbinding, spatial representation, function representation, function integration, and memory (i.e., signal delay). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Logical realism is the metaphysical view asserting that the facts of logic exist and are mind-and-language independent. McSweeney argues that if logical realism is true, we encounter a dilemma. Either we cannot determine which of the two logically equivalent theories holds a fundamental status, or neither theory can be considered fundamental. These two conclusions together constitute what is known as the Unfamiliarity Dilemma, which poses significant challenges to our understanding of the epistemological and metaphysical features of logic. In this article, I present two strategies to address McSweeney's dilemma. If these arguments prove effective, they would demonstrate that our knowledge of logic is not susceptible to the skeptical concerns raised by McSweeney's hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of a Ternary Logic Processor using CNTFETs (Carbon-Nanotube-Field-Effect-Transistor) is a challenging task, but it also has the potential to offer significant advantages over the traditional binary logic processors based on CMOS (Complementary-Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) technology. This paper presents the design and implementation of a Ternary Logic Processor (TLP) using CNTFETs. The TLP is a single-cycle processor that operates on three-trit data. An Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) is defined, at first, for this TLP that consists of instructions of the Register type, Load-store type, Immediate type, and branch type. Based on the ISA, the architecture of the CNTFET-based TLP is proposed and the transistor level designs of the TLPs' fundamental blocks like the Ternary Instruction Fetch (TIF), Ternary Register File (TRF), Ternary Arithmetic and Logic Unit (TALU) and Ternary Data Memory (TDM) are presented. HSPICE simulations using a standard CNTFET model, are performed for the TLP and the TLPs' individual blocks and the performance parameters like the power consumption, propagation delay, and the number of CNTFETs required are calculated. In addition to this, the functionality of the processor is verified using a few of the standard programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a tension between the pedagogical aim of comparative and cross-cultural inclusion and teaching an introductory-level deductive logic course. On the one hand, those who are interested in including non-"Western" sources are doing so in order to expand the philosophical content under consideration in their courses. On the other, it seems that the student learning objectives for deductive logic classes aimed at novices are narrow and specific for the purpose of developing a particular skill. This paper highlights the challenge of teaching logic cross-culturally by arguing that it is inadvisable to do so. Using Jain logic as a case study, it illustrates that even though there is depth available in the content, the contextual support needed to compare logics without being reductive would interfere with the amount of time needed to develop deductive logic skills in students in the first place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]