1,313 results on '"Heirman AN"'
Search Results
2. Effect of plasma-induced oxidation on NK cell immune checkpoint ligands: A computational-experimental approach
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Pepijn Heirman, Hanne Verswyvel, Mauranne Bauwens, Maksudbek Yusupov, Jorrit De Waele, Abraham Lin, Evelien Smits, and Annemie Bogaerts
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Non-thermal plasma ,Natural killer cells ,Immune checkpoints ,Cancer immunotherapy ,Umbrella sampling ,Oxidative stress ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Non-thermal plasma (NTP) shows promise as a potent anti-cancer therapy with both cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects. In this study, we investigate the chemical and biological effects of NTP-induced oxidation on several key, determinant immune checkpoints of natural killer (NK) cell function. We used molecular dynamics (MD) and umbrella sampling simulations to investigate the effect of NTP-induced oxidative changes on the MHC-I complexes HLA-Cw4 and HLA-E. Our simulations indicate that these chemical alterations do not significantly affect the binding affinity of these markers to their corresponding NK cell receptor, which is supported with experimental read-outs of ligand expression on human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells after NTP application. Broadening our scope to other key ligands for NK cell reactivity, we demonstrate rapid reduction in CD155 and CD112, target ligands of the inhibitory TIGIT axis, and in immune checkpoint CD73 immediately after treatment. Besides these transient chemical alterations, the reactive species in NTP cause a cascade of downstream cellular reactions. This is underlined by the upregulation of the stress proteins MICA/B, potent ligands for NK cell activation, 24 h post treatment. Taken together, this work corroborates the immunomodulatory potential of NTP, and sheds light on the interaction mechanisms between NTP and cancer cells.
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- 2024
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3. Computational staining of CD3/CD20 positive lymphocytes in human tissues with experimental confirmation in a genetically engineered mouse model
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Xiang Li, Casey C. Heirman, Ashlyn G. Rickard, Gina Sotolongo, Rico Castillo, Temitayo Adanlawo, Jeffery I. Everitt, Jeffery B. Hodgin, Tammara L. Watts, Andrew Janowczyk, Yvonne M. Mowery, Laura Barisoni, and Kyle J. Lafata
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Rag2 knockout (KO) mouse ,inflammatory response ,lymphocytes ,digital pathology ,pathomics ,deep learning ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
IntroductionImmune dysregulation plays a major role in cancer progression. The quantification of lymphocytic spatial inflammation may enable spatial system biology, improve understanding of therapeutic resistance, and contribute to prognostic imaging biomarkers.MethodsIn this paper, we propose a knowledge-guided deep learning framework to measure the lymphocytic spatial architecture on human H&E tissue, where the fidelity of training labels is maximized through single-cell resolution image registration of H&E to IHC. We demonstrate that such an approach enables pixel-perfect ground-truth labeling of lymphocytes on H&E as measured by IHC. We then experimentally validate our technique in a genetically engineered, immune-compromised Rag2 mouse model, where Rag2 knockout mice lacking mature lymphocytes are used as a negative experimental control. Such experimental validation moves beyond the classical statistical testing of deep learning models and demonstrates feasibility of more rigorous validation strategies that integrate computational science and basic science.ResultsUsing our developed approach, we automatically annotated more than 111,000 human nuclei (45,611 CD3/CD20 positive lymphocytes) on H&E images to develop our model, which achieved an AUC of 0.78 and 0.71 on internal hold-out testing data and external testing on an independent dataset, respectively. As a measure of the global spatial architecture of the lymphocytic microenvironment, the average structural similarity between predicted lymphocytic density maps and ground truth lymphocytic density maps was 0.86 ± 0.06 on testing data. On experimental mouse model validation, we measured a lymphocytic density of 96.5 ± %1% in a Rag2+/- control mouse, compared to an average of 16.2 ± %5% in Rag2-/- immune knockout mice (p
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- 2024
- Full Text
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4. Effect of plasma-induced oxidation on NK cell immune checkpoint ligands: A computational-experimental approach
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Heirman, Pepijn, Verswyvel, Hanne, Bauwens, Mauranne, Yusupov, Maksudbek, De Waele, Jorrit, Lin, Abraham, Smits, Evelien, and Bogaerts, Annemie
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- 2024
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5. Multidirectional Heritage-Led Knowledge Exchange: Learning from Practice in 19 Rural Territories
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Hanna Elisabet Åberg, Irina Pavlova, Angela Santangelo, Zahra Amirzada, Katrien Heirman, and Simona Tondelli
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knowledge exchange ,knowledge transfer ,rural areas ,heritage-led rural regeneration ,stakeholder engagement ,capacity building ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
Rural areas are regaining attention as key resource holders. This includes the attractiveness of intact and traditional cultural elements and heritage which helps to create new opportunities. However, renewal is needed for rural areas to be competitive beyond tourism. Knowledge exchange and transfer is seen as an enabling tool for regeneration and heritage valorization, although it has mostly been applied in an urban context. The aim of this paper is to explore the role of capacity building and knowledge exchange at different levels in promoting rural regeneration through heritage-led initiatives. The article describes a multi-directional knowledge transfer and exchange in 19 rural areas. The applied knowledge exchange methodology was designed to be a dynamic and vibrant exchange of capacity building and mutual learning. This exchange of knowledge enabled the local communities involved to explore new ideas and viable solutions for the regeneration of rural areas through the valorization of cultural and natural heritage. The research findings show that structuring a knowledge transfer and capacity building process that also involves key local stakeholders and the rural communities is an important milestone in the regeneration process. In addition, it can be a unique opportunity to start and build new professional long-term relationships.
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- 2024
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6. The development of a decision aid for patients with operable oropharyngeal carcinoma in the Netherlands – A mixed methods study
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Heirman, Anne N., Dirven, Richard, van der Molen, Lisette, Schreuder, Willem H., Hoebers, Frank, Honings, Jimmie, Al-Mamgani, Abrahim, de Bree, Remco, Eerenstein, Simone E.J., Halmos, Gyorgy B., and van den Brekel, Michiel W.M.
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- 2024
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7. Chan before Chan: Meditation, Repentance, and Visionary Experience in Chinese Buddhism
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Heirman, Ann
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Chan before Chan: Meditation, Repentance, and Visionary Experience in Chinese Buddhism (Nonfiction work) -- Greene, Eric M. ,Books -- Book reviews ,Ethnic, cultural, racial issues/studies - Abstract
Chan before Chan: Meditation, Repentance, and Visionary Experience in Chinese Buddhism. By ERIC M. GREENE. Honolulu: UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI'I PRESS, 2021. Pp. xiv + 313. $68 (cloth); $20 (paper) Chan [...]
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- 2023
8. Enhancing the Modal Split in Paramaribo Through Design-Driven Participatory Action Research Fuelled by Urban Tactics
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Sam Rymenants, Marlies Struyf, Sigrid Heirman, and Marleen Goethals
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car dependency ,civic engagement ,design driven ,participatory action research ,urban tactics ,weak governance ,City planning ,HT165.5-169.9 - Abstract
There appears to be no “one-size-fits-all” strategy for evolving from a car-dependent urban environment towards a well-balanced modal split. The search for a suitable mobility strategy for a particular setting can be framed as seeking a suitable governance strategy. This article explores the opportunities of design-driven participatory action research (DD-PAR) as a governance strategy for improving mobility within a context of weak governance by investigating a single case study conducted in Paramaribo North, Suriname. Despite available plans, designs, and policy proposals, Surinamese public authorities are struggling to improve mobility. Notwithstanding many efforts, clientelism and patronage are weakening the power of the government, resulting in unimplemented public initiatives. Moreover, there are few civil society organisations to advocate for this weak public power. This creates a context in which neither the government nor civil society is sufficiently equipped to realise the modal shift in Paramaribo. Governance strategies depending on strong government or proactive civil society (e.g., actor-based strategies) are thus not suitable. In contrast, DD-PAR appears to have potential as a governance strategy, as it uses research and academics as forces to create societal enthusiasm, establish actor networks, and generate action. The current case study identifies key actors and preconditions for building a network of actors. It also provides tentative insights into urban tactics for increasing pressure on the government to provide adequate infrastructure and policy to accommodate newly developed action that supports a more diverse modal split.
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- 2023
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9. Computational staining of CD3/CD20 positive lymphocytes in human tissues with experimental confirmation in a genetically engineered mouse model.
- Author
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Li, Xiang, Heirman, Casey C., Rickard, Ashlyn G., Sotolongo, Gina, Castillo, Rico, Adanlawo, Temitayo, Everitt, Jeffery I., Hodgin, Jeffery B., Watts, Tammara L., Janowczyk, Andrew, Mowery, Yvonne M., Barisoni, Laura, and Lafata, Kyle J.
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BIOLOGICAL systems ,DEEP learning ,KNOCKOUT mice ,SPATIAL systems ,IMAGE registration - Abstract
Introduction: Immune dysregulation plays a major role in cancer progression. The quantification of lymphocytic spatial inflammation may enable spatial system biology, improve understanding of therapeutic resistance, and contribute to prognostic imaging biomarkers. Methods: In this paper, we propose a knowledge-guided deep learning framework to measure the lymphocytic spatial architecture on human H&E tissue, where the fidelity of training labels is maximized through single-cell resolution image registration of H&E to IHC. We demonstrate that such an approach enables pixel-perfect ground-truth labeling of lymphocytes on H&E as measured by IHC. We then experimentally validate our technique in a genetically engineered, immune-compromised Rag2 mouse model, where Rag2 knockout mice lacking mature lymphocytes are used as a negative experimental control. Such experimental validation moves beyond the classical statistical testing of deep learning models and demonstrates feasibility of more rigorous validation strategies that integrate computational science and basic science. Results: Using our developed approach, we automatically annotated more than 111,000 human nuclei (45,611 CD3/CD20 positive lymphocytes) on H&E images to develop our model, which achieved an AUC of 0.78 and 0.71 on internal hold-out testing data and external testing on an independent dataset, respectively. As a measure of the global spatial architecture of the lymphocytic microenvironment, the average structural similarity between predicted lymphocytic density maps and ground truth lymphocytic density maps was 0.86 ± 0.06 on testing data. On experimental mouse model validation, we measured a lymphocytic density of 96.5 ± %1% in a Rag2
+/- control mouse, compared to an average of 16.2 ± %5% in Rag2-/- immune knockout mice (p<0.0001, ANOVA-test). Discussion: These results demonstrate that CD3/CD20 positive lymphocytes can be accurately detected and characterized on H&E by deep learning and generalized across species. Collectively, these data suggest that our understanding of complex biological systems may benefit from computationally-derived spatial analysis, as well as integration of computational science and basic science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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10. Repeat subcutaneous administration of casirivimab and imdevimab in adults is well-tolerated and prevents the occurrence of COVID-19
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Flonza Isa, Eduardo Forleo-Neto, Jonathan Meyer, Wenjun Zheng, Scott Rasmussen, Danielle Armas, Masaru Oshita, Cynthia Brinson, Steven Folkerth, Lori Faria, Ingeborg Heirman, Neena Sarkar, Bret J. Musser, Shikha Bansal, Meagan P. O'Brien, Kenneth C. Turner, Samit Ganguly, Adnan Mahmood, Ajla Dupljak, Andrea T. Hooper, Jennifer D. Hamilton, Yunji Kim, Bari Kowal, Yuhwen Soo, Gregory P. Geba, Leah Lipsich, Ned Braunstein, George D. Yancopoulos, David M. Weinreich, and Gary A. Herman
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COVID-19 ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Monoclonal antibody ,Casirivimab ,Imdevimab ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Objectives: A phase 1, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and exploratory efficacy of repeat monthly doses of subcutaneous (SC) casirivimab and imdevimab (CAS+IMD) in uninfected adult volunteers. Methods: Participants were randomized (3:1) to SC CAS+IMD 1200 mg or placebo every 4 weeks for up to six doses. Primary and secondary end points evaluated safety, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity. Exploratory efficacy was evaluated by the incidence of COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion. Results: In total, 969 participants received CAS+IMD. Repeat monthly dosing of SC CAS+IMD led to a 92.4% relative risk reduction in clinically defined COVID-19 compared with placebo (3/729 [0.4%] vs 13/240 [5.4%]; odds ratio 0.07 [95% CI 0.01-0.27]), and a 100% reduction in laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 (0/729 vs 10/240 [4.2%]; odds ratio 0.00). Development of anti-drug antibodies occurred in a small proportion of participants (
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- 2022
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11. Anaemia and quality of life in chronic kidney disease: a consensus document from the European Anaemia of CKD Alliance.
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Dasgupta, Indranil, Bagnis, Corinne Isnard, Floris, Matteo, Furuland, Hans, Zurro, Daniel Gallego, Gesualdo, Loreto, Heirman, Nathalie, Minutolo, Roberto, Pani, Antonello, Portolés, José, Rosenberger, Christian, Alvarez, José Emilio Sánchez, Torres, Pablo Ureña, Vanholder, Raymond C, Wanner, Christoph, and Alliance, European Anaemia of aCKD
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ELECTRONIC health records ,CHRONIC kidney failure ,PATIENT advocacy ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,HYPOXIA-inducible factors - Abstract
Anaemia is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and has a significant impact on quality of life (QoL), work productivity and outcomes. Current management includes oral or intravenous iron and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), to which hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHIs) have been recently added, increasing the available therapeutic options. In randomised controlled trials, only intravenous iron improved cardiovascular outcome, while some ESAs were associated with increased adverse cardiovascular events. Despite therapeutic advances, several challenges and unmet needs remain in the current management of anaemia of CKD. In particular, clinical practice does not include an assessment of QoL, which prompted a group of European nephrologists and representatives of patient advocacy groups to revisit the current approach. In this consensus document, the authors propose a move towards a more holistic, personalised and long-term approach, based on existing evidence. The focus of treatment should be on improving QoL without increasing the risk of adverse cardiovascular events, and tailoring management strategies to the needs of the individual. In addition, the authors discuss the suitability of a currently available anaemia of CKD–specific health-related QoL measure for inclusion in the routine clinical management of anaemia of CKD. The authors also outline the logistics and challenges of incorporating such a measure into electronic health records and how it may be used to improve QoL for people with anaemia of CKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. Efficacy and safety of a single dose of casirivimab and imdevimab for the prevention of COVID-19 over an 8-month period: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
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Chani, Achint, Adepoju, Adebiyi, Mahmood, Adnan, Mortagy, Aisha, Dupljak, Ajla, Baum, Alina, Brown, Alison, Froment, Amy, Hooper, Andrea, Margiotta, Andrea, Bombardier, Andrew, Islam, Anita, Smith, Anne, Dhillon, Arvinder, McMillian, Audra, Breazna, Aurora, Aslam, Ayesha, Carpentino, Barabara, Kowal, Bari, Siliverstein, Barry, Horel, Benjamin, Zhu, Bo, Musser, Bret, Bush, Brian, Head, Brian, Snow, Brian, Zhu, Bryan, Debray, Camille, Phillips, Careta, Simiele, Carmella, Lee, Carol, Nienstedt, Carolyn, Trbovic, Caryn, Chan, Casey (Kuo-Chen), Elliott, Catherine, Fish, Chad, Ni, Charlie, Polidori, Christa, Enciso, Christine, Caira, Christopher, Powell, Christopher, Kyratsous, Christos A., Baum, Cliff, McDonald, Colin, Leigh, Cynthia, Pan, Cynthia, Wolken, Dana, Manganello, Danielle, Liu, David, Stein, David, Weinreich, David M., Hassan, Dawlat, Gulabani, Daya, Fix, Deborah, Leonard, Deborah, Sarda, Deepshree, Bonhomme, Denise, Kennedy, Denise, Darcy, Devin, Barron, Dhanalakshmi, Hughes, Diana, Rofail, Diana, Kaur, Dipinder, Ramesh, Divya, Bianco, Dona, Cohen, Donna, Forleo-Neto, Eduardo, Jean-Baptiste, Edward, Bukhari, Ehsan, Doyle, Eileen, Bucknam, Elizabeth, Labriola-Tomkins, Emily, Nanna, Emily, Huffman O'Keefe, Esther, Gasparino, Evelyn, Fung, Evonne, Isa, Flonza, To, Fung-Yee, Herman, Gary, Yancopoulos, George D., Bellingham, Georgia, Sumner, Giane, Moggan, Grainne, Power, Grainne, Zeng, Haixia, Mariveles, Hazel, Gonzalez, Heath, Kang, Helen, Noor, Hibo, Minns, Ian, Heirman, Ingeborg, Peszek, Izabella, Donohue, James, Rusconi, Jamie, Austin, Janice, Parrino, Janie, Yo, Jeannie, McDonnell, Jenna, Hamilton, Jennifer D., Boarder, Jessica, Wei, Jianguo, Yu, Jingchun, Malia, Joanne, Tucciarone, Joanne, Tyler-Gale, Jodie, Davis, John D., Strein, John, Cohen, Jonathan, Meyer, Jonathan, Ursino, Jordan, Im, Joseph, Tramaglini, Joseph, Wolken, Joseph, Potter, Kaitlyn, Scacalossi, Kaitlyn, Naidu, Kamala, Browning, Karen, Rutkowski, Karen, Yau, Karen, Woloshin, Katherine, Lewis-Amezcua, Kelly, Turner, Kenneth, Dornheim, Kimberly, Chiu, Kit, Mohan, Kosalai, McGuire, Kristina, Macci, Kristy, Ringleben, Kurt, Mohammadi, Kusha, Foster, Kyle, Knighton, Latora, Lipsich, Leah, Darling, Lindsay, Boersma, Lisa, Cowen, Lisa, Hersh, Lisa, Jackson, Lisa, Purcell, Lisa, Sherpinsky, Lisa, Lai, Livia, Faria, Lori, Geissler, Lori, Boppert, Louise, Fiske, Lyra, Dickens, Marc, Mancini, Marco, Leigh, Maria C., O'Brien, Meagan P., Batchelder, Michael, Klinger, Michael, Partridge, Michael, Tarabocchia, Michel, Wong, Michelle, Rodriguez, Mivianisse, Albizem, Moetaz, O'Byrne, Muriel, Braunstein, Ned, Sarkar, Neena, Stahl, Neil, Deitz, Nicole, Memblatt, Nicole, Shah, Nirav, Kumar, Nitin, Herrera, Olga, Adedoyin, Oluchi, Yellin, Ori, Snodgrass, Pamela, Floody, Patrick, D'Ambrosio, Paul, Gao, Paul (Xiaobang), Hou, Peijie, Hearld, Philippa, Li, Qin, Kitchenoff, Rachel, Ali, Rakiyya, Iyer, Ramya, Chava, Ravikanth, Alaj, Rinol, Pedraza, Rita, Hamlin, Robert, Hosain, Romana, Gorawala, Ruchin, White, Ryan, Yu, Ryan, Fogarty, Rylee, Dass, S. Balachandra, Bollini, Sagarika, Ganguly, Samit, DeCicco, Sandra, Patel, Sanket, Cassimaty, Sarah, Somersan-Karakaya, Selin, McCarthy, Shane, Henkel, Sharon, Ali, Shazia, Geila Shapiro, Shelley, Kim, Somang, Nossoughi, Soraya, Bisulco, Stephanie, Elkin, Steven, Long, Steven, Sivapalasingam, Sumathi, Irvin, Susan, Wilt, Susan, Min, Tami, Constant, Tatiana, Devins, Theresa, DiCioccio, Thomas, Norton, Thomas, Bernardo, Travis, Chuang, Tzu-Chien, Wei, Victor (Jianguo), Nuce, Vinh, Battini, Vishnu, Caldwell, Wilson, Gao, Xiaobang, Chen, Xin, Tian, Yanmei, Khan, Yasmin, Zhao, Yuming, Kim, Yunji, Dye, Bonnie, Hurt, Christopher B., Burwen, Dale R., Barouch, Dan H., Burns, David, Brown, Elizabeth, Bar, Katharine J., Marovich, Mary, Clement, Meredith, Cohen, Myron S., Sista, Nirupama, Barnabas, Ruanne V., Zwerski, Sheryl, Herman, Gary A, O'Brien, Meagan P, Chan, Kuo-Chen, Bar, Katharine J, Barnabas, Ruanne V, Barouch, Dan H, Cohen, Myron S, Hurt, Christopher B, Burwen, Dale R, Marovich, Mary A, Musser, Bret J, Davis, John D, Turner, Kenneth C, Hooper, Andrea T, Hamilton, Jennifer D, Subramaniam, Danise, Kyratsous, Christos A, DiCioccio, A Thomas, Yancopoulos, George D, and Weinreich, David M
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- 2022
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13. Repeat subcutaneous administration of casirivimab and imdevimab in adults is well-tolerated and prevents the occurrence of COVID-19
- Author
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Isa, Flonza, Forleo-Neto, Eduardo, Meyer, Jonathan, Zheng, Wenjun, Rasmussen, Scott, Armas, Danielle, Oshita, Masaru, Brinson, Cynthia, Folkerth, Steven, Faria, Lori, Heirman, Ingeborg, Sarkar, Neena, Musser, Bret J., Bansal, Shikha, O'Brien, Meagan P., Turner, Kenneth C., Ganguly, Samit, Mahmood, Adnan, Dupljak, Ajla, Hooper, Andrea T., Hamilton, Jennifer D., Kim, Yunji, Kowal, Bari, Soo, Yuhwen, Geba, Gregory P., Lipsich, Leah, Braunstein, Ned, Yancopoulos, George D., Weinreich, David M., and Herman, Gary A.
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- 2022
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14. Decisional Conflict and Decision Regret in Head and Neck Oncology: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
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Heirman, Anne Nadine, Arends, Coralie Romé, de Jel, Dominique Valérie Clarence, Dirven, Richard, van der Molen, Lisette, Halmos, Gyorgy Bela, van den Brekel, Michiel Wilhelmus Maria, and Stuiver, Martijn Matthias
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- 2024
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15. mRNA-LNP COVID-19 Vaccine Lipids Induce Complement Activation and Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines: Mechanisms, Effects of Complement Inhibitors, and Relevance to Adverse Reactions.
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Bakos, Tamás, Mészáros, Tamás, Kozma, Gergely Tibor, Berényi, Petra, Facskó, Réka, Farkas, Henriette, Dézsi, László, Heirman, Carlo, de Koker, Stefaan, Schiffelers, Raymond, Glatter, Kathryn Anne, Radovits, Tamás, Szénási, Gábor, and Szebeni, János
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COMPLEMENT activation ,COMPLEMENT inhibition ,MONONUCLEAR leukocytes ,COVID-19 vaccines ,COMPLEMENT receptors ,CYTOKINES - Abstract
A small fraction of people vaccinated with mRNA–lipid nanoparticle (mRNA-LNP)-based COVID-19 vaccines display acute or subacute inflammatory symptoms whose mechanism has not been clarified to date. To better understand the molecular mechanism of these adverse events (AEs), here, we analyzed in vitro the vaccine-induced induction and interrelations of the following two major inflammatory processes: complement (C) activation and release of proinflammatory cytokines. Incubation of Pfizer-BioNTech's Comirnaty and Moderna's Spikevax with 75% human serum led to significant increases in C5a, sC5b-9, and Bb but not C4d, indicating C activation mainly via the alternative pathway. Control PEGylated liposomes (Doxebo) also induced C activation, but, on a weight basis, it was ~5 times less effective than that of Comirnaty. Viral or synthetic naked mRNAs had no C-activating effects. In peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures supplemented with 20% autologous serum, besides C activation, Comirnaty induced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in the following order: IL-1α < IFN-γ < IL-1β < TNF-α < IL-6 < IL-8. Heat-inactivation of C in serum prevented a rise in IL-1α, IL-1β, and TNF-α, suggesting C-dependence of these cytokines' induction, although the C5 blocker Soliris and C1 inhibitor Berinert, which effectively inhibited C activation in both systems, did not suppress the release of any cytokines. These findings suggest that the inflammatory AEs of mRNA-LNP vaccines are due, at least in part, to stimulation of both arms of the innate immune system, whereupon C activation may be causally involved in the induction of some, but not all, inflammatory cytokines. Thus, the pharmacological attenuation of inflammatory AEs may not be achieved via monotherapy with the tested C inhibitors; efficacy may require combination therapy with different C inhibitors and/or other anti-inflammatory agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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16. Decisional Conflict in Patients with Advanced Laryngeal Carcinoma: A Multicenter Study.
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Heirman, Anne N., de Kort, Daan P., Petersen, Japke F., Al‐Mamgani, Abrahim, Eerenstein, Simone E.J., de Kleijn, Bertram J., Hoebers, Frank, Tijink, Bernard M., Stuiver, Martijn M., van der Molen, Lisette, Dirven, Richard, Halmos, Gyorgy B., and van den Brekel, Michiel W.M.
- Abstract
Objectives: Decision‐making for patients with a locally advanced laryngeal carcinoma (T3 and T4) is challenging due to the treatment choice between organ preservation and laryngectomy, both with different and high impact on function and quality of life (QoL). The complexity of these treatment decisions and their possible consequences might lead to decisional conflict (DC). This study aimed to explore the level of DC in locally advanced laryngeal carcinoma patients facing curative decision‐making, and to identify possible associated factors. Methods: In this multicenter prospective cohort study, participants completed questionnaires on DC, level of shared decision‐making (SDM), and a knowledge test directly after counseling and 6 months after treatment. Descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation tests were used to analyze the data. Results: Directly after counseling, almost all participants (44/45; 98%) experienced Clinically Significant DC score (CSDC >25, scale 0–100). On average, patients scored 47% (SD 20%) correct on the knowledge test. Questions related to radiotherapy were answered best (69%, SD 29%), whilst only 35% (SD 29%) of the questions related to laryngectomy were answered correctly. Patients' perceived level of SDM (scale 0–100) was 70 (mean, SD 16.2), and for physicians this was 70 (SD 1.7). Conclusion: Most patients with advanced larynx cancer experience high levels of DC. Low knowledge levels regarding treatment aspects indicate a need for better patient counseling. Level of Evidence: 4 Laryngoscope, 134:3604–3610, 2024 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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17. Late Glacial and Holocene Palaeolake History of the Última Esperanza Region of Southern Patagonia
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Stephen J. Roberts, Robert D. McCulloch, Joseph F. Emmings, Sarah J. Davies, Wim Van Nieuwenhuyze, Mieke Sterken, Katrien Heirman, Jeroen Van Wichelen, Carolina Diaz, Evelien Van de Vyver, Alex Whittle, Wim Vyverman, Dominic A. Hodgson, and Elie Verleyen
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Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) ,palaeoclimate ,palaeolimnology ,glaciation ,lake-level changes ,Patagonia ,Science - Abstract
We undertook multi-proxy analyses on two sediment cores from Lago Pato, a small lake basin at 51°S topographically separated from Lago del Toro in Torres del Paine (TdP), to provide insights into glacier dynamics and lake-level change in the TdP and Última Esperanza region over the last ∼30,000 cal a BP (30 ka). Lago Pato is situated in a region overridden by the Southern Patagonian Ice Field during the Last Glacial and in a transitional climatic zone of Southern Patagonia sensitive to seasonal- to millennial-scale changes in the Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds (SWW). Results show that a deep ice-dammed and enlarged palaeolake encompassed Lago del Toro and Lago Pato c. 30–20 ka after the ice had retreated from local-Last Glacial Maximum (l-LGM) limits at c. 48–34 ka and during the build-up to the global-Last Glacial Maximum (g-LGM), c. 26–19 ka. Gaps in both sediment records between c. 20–13.4 ka and c. 20–10 ka suggest hiatuses in sediment accumulation during the g-LGM and Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR) readvances and/or removal by lake lowering or flushing during the Late Glacial–early Holocene. The palaeolake level dropped from >100 m a.s.l. to ∼40–50 m a.s.l. towards the end of the ACR c. 13.4–13.0 ka, creating a shallower glaciolacustrine environment dammed by an ice tongue in the Estancia Puerto Consuelo–Última Esperanza fjord. Further lowering of the enlarged palaeolake level occurred when the ice thinned to
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- 2022
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18. Multidirectional Heritage-Led Knowledge Exchange: Learning from Practice in 19 Rural Territories.
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Åberg, Hanna Elisabet, Pavlova, Irina, Santangelo, Angela, Amirzada, Zahra, Heirman, Katrien, and Tondelli, Simona
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INFORMATION sharing ,KNOWLEDGE management ,PROCESS capability ,CAPACITY building ,KNOWLEDGE transfer ,RURAL geography ,URBAN renewal - Abstract
Rural areas are regaining attention as key resource holders. This includes the attractiveness of intact and traditional cultural elements and heritage which helps to create new opportunities. However, renewal is needed for rural areas to be competitive beyond tourism. Knowledge exchange and transfer is seen as an enabling tool for regeneration and heritage valorization, although it has mostly been applied in an urban context. The aim of this paper is to explore the role of capacity building and knowledge exchange at different levels in promoting rural regeneration through heritage-led initiatives. The article describes a multi-directional knowledge transfer and exchange in 19 rural areas. The applied knowledge exchange methodology was designed to be a dynamic and vibrant exchange of capacity building and mutual learning. This exchange of knowledge enabled the local communities involved to explore new ideas and viable solutions for the regeneration of rural areas through the valorization of cultural and natural heritage. The research findings show that structuring a knowledge transfer and capacity building process that also involves key local stakeholders and the rural communities is an important milestone in the regeneration process. In addition, it can be a unique opportunity to start and build new professional long-term relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Coupling the COST reference plasma jet to a microfluidic device: a computational study.
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Bissonnette-Dulude, Julien, Heirman, Pepijn, Coulombe, Sylvain, Bogaerts, Annemie, Gervais, Thomas, and Reuter, Stephan
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MICROFLUIDIC devices ,PLASMA jets ,CHEMICAL species ,PLASMA devices ,CHEMICAL kinetics ,CHEMICAL processes ,FLUIDIC devices - Abstract
The use of microfluidic devices in the field of plasma-liquid interaction can unlock unique possibilities to investigate the effects of plasma-generated reactive species for environmental and biomedical applications. So far, very little simulation work has been performed on microfluidic devices in contact with a plasma source. We report on the modelling and computational simulation of physical and chemical processes taking place in a novel plasma-microfluidic platform. The main production and transport pathways of reactive species both in plasma and liquid are modelled by a novel modelling approach that combines 0D chemical kinetics and 2D transport mechanisms. This combined approach, applicable to systems where the transport of chemical species occurs in unidirectional flows at high Péclet numbers, decreases calculation times considerably compared to regular 2D simulations. It takes advantage of the low computational time of the 0D reaction models while providing spatial information through multiple plug-flow simulations to yield a quasi-2D model. The gas and liquid flow profiles are simulated entirely in 2D, together with the chemical reactions and transport of key chemical species. The model correctly predicts increased transport of hydrogen peroxide into the liquid when the microfluidic opening is placed inside the plasma effluent region, as opposed to inside the plasma region itself. Furthermore, the modelled hydrogen peroxide production and transport in the microfluidic liquid differs by less than 50% compared with experimental results. To explain this discrepancy, the limits of the 0D–2D combined approach are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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20. Maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing in laryngectomised patients using different heat and moisture exchangers – feasibility and exercise responses.
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Heirman, Anne N, Groen, Wim G, van der Molen, Lisette, Dirven, Richard, van den Brekel, Michiel W M, and Stuiver, Martijn M
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EXERCISE tests , *HEAT , *PILOT projects , *LARYNGECTOMY , *CARDIOPULMONARY system , *SURGERY , *PATIENTS , *HEALTH outcome assessment , *NEBULIZERS & vaporizers , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *RESEARCH funding , *STATISTICAL sampling - Abstract
Objective: After laryngectomy, the breathing resistance of heat and moisture exchangers may limit exercise capacity. Breathing gas analysis during cardiopulmonary exercise testing is not possible using regular masks. This study tested the feasibility of cardiopulmonary exercise testing with a heat and moisture exchanger in situ, using an in-house designed connector. Additionally, we explored the effect of different heat and moisture exchanger resistances on exercise capacity in this group. Methods: Ten participants underwent two cardiopulmonary exercise tests using their daily life heat and moisture exchanger (0.3 hPa or 0.6 hPa) and one specifically developed for activity (0.15 hPa). Heat and moisture exchanger order was randomised and blinded. Results: All participants completed both tests. No (serious) adverse events occurred. Only four subjects reached a respiratory exchange ratio of more than 1.1 in at least one test. Maximum exercise levels using heat and moisture exchangers with different resistances did not differ. Conclusion: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in laryngectomees with a heat and moisture exchanger is feasible; however, the protocol does not seem appropriate to reach this group's maximal exercise capacity. Lowering heat and moisture exchanger resistance does not increase exercise capacity in this sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
21. The acceptance and voice quality of a new voice prosthesis 'Vega High performance' – a feasibility study.
- Author
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Heirman, Anne N., Tellman, Roosmarijn Sophie, van der Molen, Lisette, van Son, Rob, van Sluis, Klaske, Halmos, Gyorgy Bela, Van den Brekel, Michiel Wilhemus Maria, and Dirven, Richard
- Subjects
PROSTHETICS ,MEDICAL equipment reliability ,PILOT projects ,LARYNGECTOMY ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,HUMAN voice ,HEAD & neck cancer ,ARTIFICIAL implants ,INTRACLASS correlation ,RESEARCH funding ,DATA analysis software ,VOICE disorders ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Copyright of Acta Oto-Laryngologica is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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22. Does Prophylactic Replacement of Voice Prosthesis Make Sense? A Study to Predict Prosthesis Lifetime.
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Heirman, Anne N., van der Noort, Vincent, van Son, Rob, Petersen, Japke F., van der Molen, Lisette, Halmos, Gyorgy B., Dirven, Richard, and van den Brekel, Michiel W.M.
- Abstract
Objective: Voice prosthesis leakage significantly affects the quality of life of patients undergoing laryngectomy, causing insecurity and frequent unplanned hospital visits and costs. In this study, the concept of prophylactic voice prosthesis replacement was explored to prevent leakages. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Tertiary hospital. Methods: This study included all patients who underwent laryngectomy between 2000 and 2012 in the Netherlands Cancer Institute. Device lifetimes and voice prosthesis replacements of a retrospective cohort were used to calculate the number of needed voice prostheses per patient per year to prevent 70% of the leakages by prophylactic replacement. Various strategies for the timing of prophylactic replacement were considered: adaptive strategies based on the individual patient's history of replacement and fixed strategies based on the results of patients with similar voice prosthesis or treatment characteristics. Results: Patients used a median 3.4 voice prostheses per year (range, 0.1‐48.1). We found high inter‐ and intrapatient variability in device lifetime. When prophylactic replacement is applied, this would become a median 9.4 voice prostheses per year, which means replacement every 38 days, implying >6 additional voice prostheses per patient per year. The individual adaptive model showed that preventing 70% of the leakages was impossible for most patients and only a median 25% can be prevented. Monte‐Carlo simulations showed that prophylactic replacement is not feasible due to the high coefficient of variation (SD/mean) in device lifetime. Conclusion: Based on our simulations, prophylactic replacement of voice prostheses is not feasible due to high inter‐ and intrapatient variation in device lifetime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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23. Analysis of the capital structure of startups in light of the tradeoff and pecking order theories.
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De Carvalho Colombo, Gabriela, da Costa Gomes, Matheus, Augusto Eça, João Paulo, and Ribeiro do Valle, Maurício
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CAPITAL structure ,NEW business enterprises ,CAPITAL investments ,STARTUP costs ,RISK management in business ,SUBSIDIES ,INTANGIBLE property ,PROFITABILITY ,OPTIONS (Finance) ,PUBLIC debts - Abstract
Copyright of REGEPE Entrepreneurship & Small Business Journal is the property of Revista de Empreendedorismo e Gestao de Pequenas Empresas (REGEPE) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Enhancing the Modal Split in Paramaribo Through Design-Driven Participatory Action Research Fuelled by Urban Tactics.
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Rymenants, Sam, Struyf, Marlies, Heirman, Sigrid, and Goethals, Marleen
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URBAN planning ,URBAN planners ,PUBLIC transit ,ENTHUSIASM ,POLITICAL participation - Abstract
There appears to be no "one-size-fits-all" strategy for evolving from a car-dependent urban environment towards a well-balanced modal split. The search for a suitable mobility strategy for a particular setting can be framed as seeking a suitable governance strategy. This article explores the opportunities of design-driven participatory action research (DD-PAR) as a governance strategy for improving mobility within a context of weak governance by investigating a single case study conducted in Paramaribo North, Suriname. Despite available plans, designs, and policy proposals, Surinamese public authorities are struggling to improve mobility. Notwithstanding many efforts, clientelism and patronage are weakening the power of the government, resulting in unimplemented public initiatives. Moreover, there are few civil society organisations to advocate for this weak public power. This creates a context in which neither the government nor civil society is sufficiently equipped to realise the modal shift in Paramaribo. Governance strategies depending on strong government or proactive civil society (e.g., actor-based strategies) are thus not suitable. In contrast, DD-PAR appears to have potential as a governance strategy, as it uses research and academics as forces to create societal enthusiasm, establish actor networks, and generate action. The current case study identifies key actors and preconditions for building a network of actors. It also provides tentative insights into urban tactics for increasing pressure on the government to provide adequate infrastructure and policy to accommodate newly developed action that supports a more diverse modal split. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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25. Effect of Subcutaneous Casirivimab and Imdevimab Antibody Combination vs Placebo on Development of Symptomatic COVID-19 in Early Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
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O'Brien, Meagan P., Forleo-Neto, Eduardo, Sarkar, Neena, Isa, Flonza, Hou, Peijie, Chan, Kuo-Chen, Musser, Bret J., Bar, Katharine J., Barnabas, Ruanne V., Barouch, Dan H., Cohen, Myron S., Hurt, Christopher B., Burwen, Dale R., Marovich, Mary A., Brown, Elizabeth R., Heirman, Ingeborg, Davis, John D., Turner, Kenneth C., Ramesh, Divya, and Mahmood, Adnan
- Abstract
Importance: Easy-to-administer anti-SARS-CoV-2 treatments may be used to prevent progression from asymptomatic infection to symptomatic disease and to reduce viral carriage.Objective: To evaluate the effect of combination subcutaneous casirivimab and imdevimab on progression from early asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection to symptomatic COVID-19.Design, Setting, and Participants: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial of close household contacts of a SARS-CoV-2-infected index case at 112 sites in the US, Romania, and Moldova enrolled July 13, 2020-January 28, 2021; follow-up ended March 11, 2021. Asymptomatic individuals (aged ≥12 years) were eligible if identified within 96 hours of index case positive test collection. Results from 314 individuals positive on SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) testing are reported.Interventions: Individuals were randomized 1:1 to receive 1 dose of subcutaneous casirivimab and imdevimab, 1200 mg (600 mg of each; n = 158), or placebo (n = 156).Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary end point was the proportion of seronegative participants who developed symptomatic COVID-19 during the 28-day efficacy assessment period. The key secondary efficacy end points were the number of weeks of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and the number of weeks of high viral load (>4 log10 copies/mL).Results: Among 314 randomized participants (mean age, 41.0 years; 51.6% women), 310 (99.7%) completed the efficacy assessment period; 204 were asymptomatic and seronegative at baseline and included in the primary efficacy analysis. Subcutaneous casirivimab and imdevimab, 1200 mg, significantly prevented progression to symptomatic disease (29/100 [29.0%] vs 44/104 [42.3%] with placebo; odds ratio, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.30-0.97]; P = .04; absolute risk difference, -13.3% [95% CI, -26.3% to -0.3%]). Casirivimab and imdevimab reduced the number of symptomatic weeks per 1000 participants (895.7 weeks vs 1637.4 weeks with placebo; P = .03), an approximately 5.6-day reduction in symptom duration per symptomatic participant. Treatment with casirivimab and imdevimab also reduced the number of high viral load weeks per 1000 participants (489.8 weeks vs 811.9 weeks with placebo; P = .001). The proportion of participants receiving casirivimab and imdevimab who had 1 or more treatment-emergent adverse event was 33.5% vs 48.1% for placebo, including events related (25.8% vs 39.7%) or not related (11.0% vs 16.0%) to COVID-19.Conclusions and Relevance: Among asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR-positive individuals living with an infected household contact, treatment with subcutaneous casirivimab and imdevimab antibody combination vs placebo significantly reduced the incidence of symptomatic COVID-19 over 28 days.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04452318. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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26. Singing after total laryngectomy.
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Neijman, M., Heirman, A.N., van Sluis, K.E., and van den Brekel, M.W.M.
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LARYNGECTOMY ,SINGING - Published
- 2023
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27. To give or not to give: Examining the prosocial effects of a 360° video endorsing a clean water charity.
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Walewijns, David, Heirman, Wannes, and Daneels, Rowan
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CHARITY , *NONPROFIT organizations , *EMPATHY , *MOTION pictures , *VIRTUAL reality , *RESEARCH methodology , *EMOTIONS , *VIDEO recording , *STORYTELLING , *ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
This study examines the prosocial effects of virtual reality (VR) technology on donation behavior, using a 360° video documentary supporting the nongovernmental organization Charity: Water. Previous research has shown how VR can be used as a way to evoke empathy towards other people. There is, however, limited research on how this technology can be used to elicit more donations for charitable organizations. This paper aims to investigate whether the use of an emotion-inducing 360° video in VR leads to higher donation rates. We conducted a between-participants experiment and collected data from 150 young adults (age 18–25). Results reveal how VR – and especially empathy – significantly impacts donation intentions. Although donation intentions were found to be higher after watching the VR video, many participants were skeptical about making an actual donation. Implications and future research regarding the capabilities of VR technology in eliciting donations and resolving donation uncertainty are discussed. • VR experiences can induce the subjective feeling of spatial presence in virtual environments. • Persuasive storytelling in VR can lead to increased empathy with its users. • VR storytelling can positively influence attitudes towards charitable donations. • The Theory of Planned Behavior can predict donation intentions after exposure to VR. • A Mixed Methods approach revealed adolescents' donation motivations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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28. COVID-19 prevention with subcutaneous administration of the monoclonal antibodies casirivimab and imdevimab: Subgroup analysis in participants with cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
- Author
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O'Brien, Meagan P., Forleo-Neto, Eduardo, Musser, Bret J., Isa, Flonza, Chan, Kuo-Chen, Sarkar, Neena, Bar, Katharine J., Barnabas, Ruanne V., Barouch, Dan H., Cohen, Myron S., Marovich, Mary A., Hou, Peijie, Heirman, Ingeborg, Davis, John D., Turner, Kenneth C., Ramesh, Divya, Mahmood, Adnan, Purcell, Lisa, Hooper, Andrea T., and Hamilton, Jennifer D.
- Abstract
In a Phase 3 prevention trial, the monoclonal antibody combination casirivimab and imdevimab (REGEN-COVTM) administered subcutaneously (SC) prevented symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in asymptomatic adults/adolescents living in the same household as a SARS-CoV-2-infected individual (index case). Individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and/or diabetes are at increased risk of moderate/severe COVID-19. Uninfected individuals ≥12 years, identified ≤96 hours of index case being diagnosed SARS-CoV-2 positive, were randomized 1:1 to REGEN-COV 1200mg SC or placebo. The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants who developed symptomatic infection (COVID-19) during the 28-day efficacy assessment period among those who were SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR negative and without evidence of immunity (seronegative) at baseline. A post-hoc analysis assessed efficacy in participants with CVD (including hypertension) and/or diabetes. Overall safety is reported. The study included SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR negative participants at baseline (n=2067). There was an 81.4% relative risk reduction (RRR) of symptomatic infection with REGEN-COV in the overall seronegative population (n=1505; Figure 1; Table 1). In participants with CVD (n=332) or diabetes (n=103), the RRRs of developing symptomatic infection with REGEN-COV versus placebo were 54.9% and 69.0%, respectively. Similar results were observed when analyses were performed regardless of baseline serology status. Treatment-emergent adverse events occurring at ≥2% included COVID-19, asymptomatic COVID-19, headache, and injection-site reaction (Table 2). In study participants with CVD and/or diabetes, who are known to be at increased risk of severe disease if infected, treatment with REGEN-COV SC reduced the risk of developing symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, consistent with the overall study results.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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29. PASSING THE TORCH: HOW PARENTAL PRIVACY CONCERNS AFFECT ADOLESCENT SELF-DISCLOSURE ON SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES.
- Author
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Wang, Jingguo, Dong, Meichen, Yang, Zhiyong, and Li, Yuan
- Published
- 2023
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30. Magnetic field enhanced discharge and water activation of atmospheric pressure plasma jet: effect of the assistance region and underlying physicochemical mechanism.
- Author
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Xiong-Feng Zhou, Bin Chen, Hua Liao, and Kun Liu
- Abstract
Magnetic field-assistance holds the promise of becoming a new or complementary approach to enhance the efficiency of atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ), but there is currently a lack of research on the effect of the assistance region between magnetic field and plasma on application of APPJ. Herein, using a 130 mT perpendicular magnetic field to assist APPJ in treating deionized water to prepare plasma activated water (PAW) as a model, we studied the effect of the magnetic field-assisted region on the performance of PAW produced by APPJ, and found that introducing a magnetic field could always enhance the performance of the prepared PAW with higher concentrations of H
2 O2 , NO3 - , and NO2 - and lower concentrations of O3 and lower pH values, but this enhancement effect was related to the magnetic field-assisted region relative to the APPJ, where the optimized PAW performance was achieved when the magnetic field did not act on the jet tube wall (only assisting plasma plume). To reveal the underlying physicochemical mechanism behind the differences in the enhanced performance of PAW in different magnetic field-assisted regions, a plasma reaction network involving physical parameters and chemical products was considered. The results showed that the magnetic field-assisted region modulated the equilibrium between the confinement effect and the recombination loss of magnetized electrons, and subsequently altered the reactive species in PAW via a plasma reaction network mediated by electron density ne and electron excitation temperature Texc without remarkably changing the discharge intensity, discharge power, plasma plume, and gas temperature Tgas . These insights contribute to understanding the mechanism of the magnetic fieldassisted region effect on APPJ, which provides guidance for optimizing discharge activity and promotes the development of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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31. mRNA vaccines: a new era in vaccine development.
- Author
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CHANDRA, SHUBHRA, WILSON, JENNIFER C., GOOD, DAVID, and WEI, MING Q.
- Subjects
VACCINE trials ,CANCER vaccines ,IMMUNE checkpoint proteins ,MEDICAL research ,VACCINE development - Abstract
The advent of RNA therapy, particularly through the development of mRNA cancer vaccines, has ushered in a new era in the field of oncology. This article provides a concise overview of the key principles, recent advancements, and potential implications of mRNA cancer vaccines as a groundbreaking modality in cancer treatment. mRNA cancer vaccines represent a revolutionary approach to combatting cancer by leveraging the body's innate immune system. These vaccines are designed to deliver specific mRNA sequences encoding cancer-associated antigens, prompting the immune system to recognize and mount a targeted response against malignant cells. This personalized and adaptive nature of mRNA vaccines holds immense potential for addressing the heterogeneity of cancer and tailoring treatments to individual patients. Recent breakthroughs in the development of mRNA vaccines, exemplified by the success of COVID-19 vaccines, have accelerated their application in oncology. The mRNA platform's versatility allows for the rapid adaptation of vaccine candidates to various cancer types, presenting an agile and promising avenue for therapeutic intervention. Clinical trials of mRNA cancer vaccines have demonstrated encouraging results in terms of safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy. Pioneering candidates, such as BioNTech's BNT111 and Moderna's mRNA-4157, have exhibited promising outcomes in targeting melanoma and solid tumors, respectively. These successes underscore the potential of mRNA vaccines to elicit robust and durable anti-cancer immune responses. While the field holds great promise, challenges such as manufacturing complexities and cost considerations need to be addressed for widespread adoption. The development of scalable and cost-effective manufacturing processes, along with ongoing clinical research, will be pivotal in realizing the full potential of mRNA cancer vaccines. Overall, mRNA cancer vaccines represent a cutting-edge therapeutic approach that holds the promise of transforming cancer treatment. As research progresses, addressing challenges and refining manufacturing processes will be crucial in advancing these vaccines from clinical trials to mainstream oncology practice, offering new hope for patients in the fight against cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
32. Job stress and burnout among construction professionals: the moderating role of online emotions.
- Author
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Wu, Zhijiang, Wang, Yongxiang, and Liu, Mengyao
- Subjects
PSYCHOLOGICAL burnout ,BUILDING sites ,JOB stress ,STRUCTURAL equation modeling ,SELF-expression ,EMOTIONS ,SOCIAL values - Abstract
Purpose: The negative effects of job stress and burnout on construction professionals (CPs) at the construction site have been widely concern in the construction industry. The purpose of this study is committed to explore the impact of job stress on CPs on the construction site, especially in the context of the widespread use of social media to express their emotions. Design/methodology/approach: This study developed a job-related stress-burnout-health conditions-turnover intention (S-B-HT) framework to explore the direct and lagged effects of job stress, we also examined the moderating effects of online emotions, operationalized in terms of emotional intensity and expression pattern, on the relationship between job stress with job burnout under two evolution paths (i.e. health conditions or turnover intention). This study collected 271 samples through a survey questionnaire for empirical testing, and introduced structural equation models to validate the proposed conceptual model. Findings: The results show that job stress has a significant positive effect on job burnout, and job burnout maintains a positive relationship with health conditions (or turnover intention) under the interference mechanism. Simultaneously, the online emotions expressed in social media have a positive moderating effect in two stages of the evolution path. Practical implications: The findings of this study remind the project manager need to timely find and solve the job burnout characteristics of CPs due to excessive job stress, especially to prevent the accidental consequences caused by job burnout. Originality/value: On this basis, this study provides an important value of using social media to express emotions for the project team to alleviate the adverse of professionals under job stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Broad‐Spectrum Engineered Multivalent Nanobodies Against SARS‐CoV‐1/2.
- Author
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Wang, Zhihong, Shi, Zhuangzhuang, Liao, Xiaochen, Quan, Guiqi, Dong, Hui, Zhao, Pinnan, Zhou, Yangyihua, Shi, Ning, Wang, Jie, Wu, Yahui, Qiao, Chunxia, Li, Xin ying, Zhang, Ran, Wang, Zekun, Wang, Tiecheng, Gao, Xiang, Feng, Jiannan, and Luo, Longlong
- Subjects
IMMUNOGLOBULINS ,IMMUNOTECHNOLOGY ,OLDER people ,SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant ,IMMUNOCOMPROMISED patients - Abstract
SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron sublineages escape most preclinical/clinical neutralizing antibodies in development, suggesting that previously employed antibody screening strategies are not well suited to counteract the rapid mutation of SARS‐CoV‐2. Therefore, there is an urgent need to screen better broad‐spectrum neutralizing antibody. In this study, a comprehensive approach to design broad‐spectrum inhibitors against both SARS‐CoV‐1 and SARS‐CoV‐2 by leveraging the structural diversity of nanobodies is proposed. This includes the de novo design of a fully human nanobody library and the camel immunization‐based nanobody library, both targeting conserved epitopes, as well as the development of multivalent nanobodies that bind nonoverlapping epitopes. The results show that trivale B11‐E8‐F3, three nanobodies joined tandemly in trivalent form, have the broadest spectrum and efficient neutralization activity, which spans from SARS‐CoV‐1 to SARS‐CoV‐2 variants. It is also demonstrated that B11‐E8‐F3 has a very prominent preventive and some therapeutic effect in animal models of three authentic viruses. Therefore, B11‐E8‐F3 has an outstanding advantage in preventing SARS‐CoV‐1/SARS‐CoV‐2 infections, especially in immunocompromised populations or elderly people with high‐risk comorbidities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Beneficial effects of non-invasive physical plasma on human periodontal ligament cells in vitro.
- Author
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Eggers, Benedikt, Seher, Lennard, Marciniak, Jana, Pauck, Tristan, Deschner, James, Eick, Sigrun, Stope, Matthias Bernhard, Kramer, Franz-Josef, Küchler, Erika Calvano, Kirschneck, Christian, Nokhbehsaim, Marjan, and Beisel-Memmert, Svenja
- Published
- 2024
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35. Vitamin D and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma—A Review of a Complicated Relationship.
- Author
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Grosu, Iustina, Constantinescu, Alexandru, Balta, Mihaela Daniela, Băjenaru, Ovidiu, Nuța, Cătălina, Pavel, Christopher, Sandru, Vasile, Munteanu, Mihai, and Andronic, Octavian
- Abstract
Introduction: From the observation of a negative relationship between UV-B exposure and cancer rates, we hypothesized that vitamin D (VD) may play a protective role in oncogenesis. Moreover, repurposing a well-known and relatively safe drug for conditions with dismal prospects, such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), is a tempting idea. Thus, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge regarding the role of VD in the prevention and treatment of PDAC. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of VD and PDAC using Medline-indexed studies accessed through PubMed as the primary data source. This study aimed to identify articles focusing on the role of VD as a risk and prognostic factor for PDAC, mechanistic studies evaluating the effects of VD or vitamin D analogs (VDAs) in PDAC models, and clinical trials on VDAs in PDAC. After the screening, 97 studies were included in the final manuscript. Conclusion: Even though the results from epidemiologic studies were contradictory, basic research has demonstrated that VD can act on PDAC cells either directly, inhibiting proliferation, apoptosis, EMT, migration, invasion, and stemness, or indirectly, through stromal remodeling. A better understanding of the consequences of VD-induced tumor–stroma cross-talk alterations is needed to determine whether VD/VDAs can be used to our own advantage in the treatment of PDAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Networking 3 K Two-Qubit Logic Gate Quantum Processors to Approach 1 Billion Logic Gate Performance.
- Author
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Guidotti, Daniel, Ma, Xiaoli, and Chang, Gee-Kung
- Abstract
Outlined is a proposal designed to culminate in the foundry fabrication of arrays of singly addressable quantum dot sources deterministically emitting single pairs of energy-time entangled photons at C-band wavelengths, each pair having negligible spin-orbit fine structure splitting, each pair being channeled into single mode pig-tail optical fibers. Entangled photons carry quantum state information among distributed quantum servers via I/O ports having two functions: the unconditionally secure distribution of decryption keys to decrypt publicly distributed, encrypted classical bit streams as input to generate corresponding qubit excitations and to convert a stream of quantum nondemolition measurements of qubit states into a classical bit stream. Outlined are key steps necessary to fabricate arrays of on-demand quantum dot sources of entangled photon pairs; the principles are (1) foundry fabrication of arrays of isolated quantum dots, (2) generation of localized sub-surface shear strain in a semiconductor stack, (3) a cryogenic anvil cell, (4) channeling entangled photons into single-mode optical fibers, (5) unconditionally secure decryption key distribution over the fiber network, (6) resonant excitation of a Josephson tunnel junction qubits from classical bits, and (7) conversion of quantum nondemolition measurements of qubit states into a classical bit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
37. The role of CD83 in the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia.
- Author
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Wang, Xiuli, Zhou, Qiyuan, Yang, Wen, Bi, Hui, Wang, Honghui, Wang, Yacan, Du, Yadong, Liu, Lin, Liu, Yuebo, Yin, Liefen, Yao, Jin, Yu, Jingxing, Tao, Wei, Zhou, Yongchun, and Zhou, Zeping
- Abstract
Background: CD83 are closely related to the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), but the exact mechanism remains unclear. Aim: To explore the relationship between CD83 and CD4
+ T cell subsets and clarify the role of CD83 in the pathogenesis of ITP. Methods: RT-qPCR and Flow cytometry were used to illustrate CD83 expression. The downregulation and overexpression of DC-CD83 were co-cultured with CD4+ T cells to detect cell proliferation, co-cultured supernatant cytokines and Tregs expression. Results: The results indicate that the ITP patients showed higher expression of CD83 than the healthy controls. The proliferation of CD4+ T cells was inhibited by downregulation of DCs-CD83 but promoted by overexpression of DCs-CD83. siRNA-CD83 inhibited proinflammatory IFN-γ and IL-17 secretion while raising TGF-β, IL-10 concentrations. Overexpression of DCs-CD83 promoted Tregs expression. Conclusion: The Th1/Th2 and Th17/Tregs polarization were reversed via interfering DCs with siRNA-CD83. CD83 plays an important role in ITP pathogenesis, suggesting novel treatment for ITP patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Experiences and Psychological Impact Derived from Unwanted Exposure to Online Pornography in Spanish Adolescents.
- Author
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Ballester-Arnal, Rafael, Gil-Julia, Beatriz, Elipe-Miravet, Marcel, Giménez-García, Cristina, and Gil-Llario, Maria Dolores
- Abstract
Introduction: Unwanted exposure (UE) to sexual content may have important consequences on children/adolescents' psychosexual development. Our objective was to analyze UE to online pornography, parental filter use, type of sexual contents seen, emotional/behavioral reactions, and UE as positive/traumatic experience in Spanish adolescents and to examine these experiences and reactions depending on the type of sexual content. Methods: In 2020, 500 Spanish teenagers (13–18 years) completed an ad hoc questionnaire for the evaluation of different dimensions involved in UE to sexual contents, such as those mentioned in the study objectives. Results: A high frequency of UE (88.2%) is observed. Regarding the kind of scenes, naked people, straight porn, and people showing genitals are the most unexpectedly seen. Adolescents used to react to the UE closing the window and deleting sexual materials. A greater predominance of negative emotions was revealed, and another noteworthy result is related to the role played by type of sexual content and gender. Gay scenes and being woman increased the probability of living the experience as non-positive, and being woman and viewing naked people/BDSM scenes/under-age sex were associated with reactions of rejection. Conclusions: This study contributes significantly to the knowledge of UE to online pornography in adolescents. It provides valuable information about the role played by the type of sexual content seen and the gender in the diverse reactions/experiences derived from the UE to pornography. Policy Implications: This topic, that is, involuntary exposure to online sexual material in adolescents, should be included in affective-sexual education and prevention programs at early ages, so that children/adolescents are already trained in healthy sexuality when facing this type of content for the first time. These programs, adjusted to the reality of our adolescents, will minimize the negative impact that UE may have on their psychosexual development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Online Sexual Harassment in Adolescence: A Scoping Review.
- Author
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Angela, Franceschi, María-Luisa, Rodríguez-deArriba, Annalaura, Nocentini, and Ersilia, Menesini
- Abstract
Introduction: Sexual harassment is a complex behavior to study since it is characterized by various dimensions and definitions. Analyzing the characteristics and manifestations of this behavior in the online context, at such a vulnerable time as adolescence, is important to fully understand its nature, characteristics, and consequences. Aims and Method: This work aims to systematize the information available in the literature, identify labels used to refer to online sexual harassment in the adolescent population, describe the definition of online sexual harassment taking into consideration specific criteria that emerge from the studies, and describe the operationalization of online sexual harassment. The literature search was conducted in November 2021 through four scientific databases: Scopus, PubMed, PsycInfo, and Web of Science. The initial search led to 20958 results: after eliminating duplicates, screening, and reading of full-texts, 65 papers were included in the review. Results: The type of relationship between aggressor and victim, the use of abusive connotations, and the time frame of occurring behaviors are investigated in included studies. Moreover, different typologies of abuse have been described, by differentiating between studies that focus on the victim's point of view and studies that focus on the perpetrator's point of view. Conclusion: Online sexual harassment covers a wide range of behaviors using digital content (images, videos, posts, messages). Through this scoping review, it is possible to identify some key characteristics of this phenomenon: online sexual harassment has an abusive connotation, as it is perceived as unwanted by the victim, it can occur in three main typologies (verbal, visual, cybersex) and even a single episode is enough to experience victimization. In terms of relational behaviors, online sexual harassment includes unwanted sexual solicitations and non-consensual sharing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Perceptual variables and intentions to start-up: a stochastic frontier analysis.
- Author
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Matricano, Diego
- Abstract
Purpose: The objective of this paper is to advance research concerning the factors affecting the intentions to start-up. In this vein, scholars are more and more interested in perceptual variables, i.e. subjective perceptions that may affect individuals' intentions to start-up. These can have an internal locus of control (PVIs), if they depend on personal cognitive styles, or an external locus of control (PVEs), if they depend on how individuals perceive environmental stimuli. Usually, scholars investigate them at a micro-level of analysis, by focusing on individuals in a country. Instead, this paper adopts a macro-level analysis. Thus, the research question at the basis of this paper is: whether the impact of perceptual variables (with an internal or external locus of control) on the intentions to start-up varies across countries. Design/methodology/approach: Stochastic frontier analyses – SFAs are carried out since they allow disentangling technical and random inefficiencies and comparing statistical results. SFAs are based on data retrieved from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor – GEM website and refer to PIGS (Portugal, Italy, Greece, and Spain) and BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) countries where entrepreneurship is a vibrant phenomenon, but cultural and economic differences are manifest. Findings: Concerning the drivers of entrepreneurship, achieved results reveal that some differences exist across PIGS and BRICs countries, but they cannot be generalized so easily. Originality/value: This paper reveals its originality in reference to the classification of the variables, the macro-level of analysis, and the results that – at the same time – are in line with previous ones, but also offer new insights about perceptual variables in entrepreneurship and – at a wider extent – about the drivers of entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Nanocomposites Reinforced with Pan Nanofibre Mats.
- Author
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Sanchaniya, J. V., Dobariya, S. P., and Lasenko, I.
- Subjects
CARBON fiber-reinforced plastics ,CARBON-based materials ,CARBON composites ,GLASS fibers ,ELASTIC modulus - Abstract
The integration of electrospun nanofibres into composite materials such as carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRP) and glass fibre reinforced polymers (GFRPs) has gained significant attention for enhancing their mechanical and thermal properties. This study focuses on the impact of incorporating polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based nanofibres into an epoxy matrix to form multi-layered laminate composites. Our approach involved interleaving these orientated nanofibres within CFRP/GFRP matrices to investigate improvements in bulk material characteristics. The tensile and thermal properties of the resulting nanocomposites were thoroughly analysed. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was employed to evaluate the thermal stability and degradation behaviour. In particular, nanocomposites exhibited an increase of 5–24 % in elastic modulus, aligning with predictions from analytical models. This research underscores the potential of PAN nanofibre mats for the development of lightweight, high-performance nanocomposites, offering a novel methodology for the enhancement of composite materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. A qualitative study exploring teenagers and their parents' ethical judgments toward influencers as brand ambassadors.
- Author
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Feijoo, Beatriz, Sádaba, Charo, Zozaya-Durazo, Luisa, and Vanwesenbeeck, Ini
- Subjects
PARENT-teenager relationships ,INFLUENCER marketing ,MORAL judgment ,TEENAGERS ,ADVERTISING - Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study is exploring teenagers' (aged 11–17) and their parents' reflections and insights regarding influencer marketing on social media, with a particular focus on advertising literacy and associated ethical perspectives. It examines the impact of influencer marketing on teenagers' decision-making processes and emphasizes the importance of influencers clearly indicating their advertising collaborations. The study delves into the ethical aspects of advertising literacy, highlighting the significant role that transparent signaling of commercial collaborations plays. Design/methodology/approach: The research involved conducting 40 interviews with both teenagers and one of their parents. Findings: The study highlights a divergence in perspectives between teenagers and their parents regarding influencer marketing. While parents emphasized the importance of influencers clearly disclosing the commercial nature of sponsored content, teenagers did not see this as necessary. Additionally, the study found that parents often overlooked the ethical implications of honesty in influencer marketing discussions. Originality/value: These findings underscore the importance of further exploring the complexities surrounding influencer marketing dynamics and the crucial role that parents can play in promoting ethical advertising literacy among teenagers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. An investigation of subaqueous failures triggered by the 1935 CE Mw 6.1 Témiscaming earthquake, Quebec, Canada, as an analogue for a paleoseismic study.
- Author
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Brooks, Gregory R., Grenier, Alain, and Brewer, Kevin
- Subjects
EARTHQUAKES ,PRODUCT failure ,EARTHQUAKE zones ,DRILL core analysis ,LANDSLIDES ,EARTHQUAKE magnitude - Abstract
Subaqueous mass transport deposits (MTDs) attributed to the M
w 6.1 1935 CE Témiscaming earthquake were mapped at 17 sub-bottom acoustic profile survey areas on 11 lakes near Témiscaming, Quebec. Distributed over about 1270 km2 , MTDs are the product of shallow failures, up to several metres thick, that occurred along planar surfaces and involved primarily lacustrine sediments. Core samples of unfailed deposits indicate that the failure planes occurred within soft sediments at the top of a glaciolacustrine unit or at the base of overlying lacustrine deposits. Radioisotope dating of sediment samples from six coring sites on Tee and Kipawa lakes confirm that the MTDs are the product of failures triggered by the 1935 CE earthquake. To assess the application of such a mapping study to a paleoseismic investigation, the minimum magnitude of an earthquake that can generate an MTD distribution of 1270 km2 was extrapolated from a published empirical plot. The resulting magnitude of Mw /Ms 5.7–5.8 is less than the instrumental Mw 6.1 magnitude and deemed a reasonable estimation of minimum earthquake magnitude. The distribution of MTDs triggered by the 1935 CE earthquake forms the only such signature within the Témiscaming study area since roughly 8 ka cal B.P. The lack of an analogous, older signature(s) is consistent with the absence of equivalent shaking to the 1935 CE earthquake over this period, but the actual timespan may be shorter and begin when gyttja deposits on slopes became thick enough to be prone to failure from such an event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. PMGraph: Accelerating Concurrent Graph Queries over Streaming Graphs.
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Mao, Fubing, Liu, Xu, Zhang, Yu, Liu, Haikun, Liao, Xiaofei, Jin, Hai, Zhang, Wei, Zhou, Jian, Wu, Yufei, Nie, Longyu, Guo, Yapu, Jiang, Zihan, and Liu, Jingkang
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Pac-Sim: Simulation of Multi-threaded Workloads using Intelligent, Live Sampling.
- Author
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Liu, Changxi, Sabu, Alen, Chaudhari, Akanksha, Kang, Qingxuan, and Carlson, Trevor E.
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Realizing time-staggered expression of nucleic acid-encoded proteins by co-delivery of messenger RNA and plasmid DNA on a single nanocarrier.
- Author
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Nasr, Sarah S., Paul, Pascal, Loretz, Brigitta, and Lehr, Claus-Michael
- Abstract
Co-delivery of different protein-encoding polynucleotide species with varying expression kinetics of their therapeutic product will become a prominent requirement in the realm of combined nucleic acid(NA)-based therapies in the upcoming years. The current study explores the capacity for time-staggered expression of encoded proteins by simultaneous delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA) in the core and mRNA on the shell of the same nanocarrier. The core is based on a Gelatin Type A-pDNA coacervate, thermally stabilized to form an irreversible nanogel stable enough for the deposition of cationic coats namely, protamine sulfate or LNP-related lipid mixtures. Only the protamine-coated nanocarriers remained colloidally stable following mRNA loading and could successfully co-transfect murine dendritic cell line DC2.4 with fluorescent reporter mRNA(mCherry) and pDNA (pAmCyan1). Further investigation of the protamine-coated nanosystem only, the transfection efficiency (percentage of transfected cells) and level of protein expression (mean fluorescence intensity, MFI) of mRNA and pDNA, simultaneously delivered by the same nanocarrier, were compared and kinetically assessed over 48 h in DC2.4 using flow cytometry. The onset of transfection for both nucleotides was initially delayed, with levels < 5% at 6 h. Thereafter, mRNA transfection reached 90% after 24 h and continued to slightly increase until 48 h. In contrast, pDNA transfection was clearly slower, reaching approximately 40% after 24 h, but continuing to increase to reach 94% at 48 h. The time course of protein expression (represented by MFI) for both NAs essentially followed that of transfection. Model-independent as well as model-dependent kinetic parameters applied to the data further confirmed such time-staggered expression of the two NA's where mRNA's rate of transfection and protein expression initially exceeded those of pDNA in the first 24 h of the experiment whereas the opposite was true during the second 24 h of the experiment where pDNA displayed the higher response rates. We expect that innovative nanocarriers capable of time-staggered co-delivery of different nucleotides could open new perspectives for multi-dosing, pulsatile or sustained expression of nucleic acid-based therapeutics in protein replacement, vaccination, and CRISPR-mediated gene editing scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Assessment of paleoseismic heritage sites of Holocene megathrust earthquakes and tsunamis along the coast of south-centralChile (38°-42°S)
- Author
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Narbona, Fernanda, Schilling, Manuel E., Ditzel, Paulina, Melnick, Daniel, and Garrett, Ed
- Abstract
Earthquakes and tsunamis are natural phenomena that have strongly affected communities located along the Chilean active plate margin. Large-magnitude megathrust earthquakes produced at the plate interface of the subduction zone and their associated tsunamis have repeatedly impacted the Chilean coast, leaving a sedimentary record at particular sites from historic and prehistoric times. Here we assess paleoseismic sites related to late Holocene (< 1.5 ka) earthquakes and tsunamis that occurred along the Pacific coastline of south-central Chile (38°-42°S), which record critical information for the study of megathrust earthquakes. We focus on sites along the Valdivia segment that were affected by the great earthquake and tsunami of 1960 (Mw = 9.5; the largest recorded by modern seismology), which host geologic evidence of coseismic land-level changes found in tidal marshes and wetlands. We present an inventory of seven paleoseismic geosites composed mainly of different layers of buried soils and sand deposits, and a quantitative assessment of their scientific value, their potential touristic and educational value, and their degradation risk. These sites are considered part of the paleoseismic heritage of Chile and are relevant globally. Our inventory contributes to the establishment of management strategies for geoconservation of the coastal area of south-central Chile, and the mitigation of the effects of seismological hazards through the promotion of educational, touristic and outreach activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Root endophytic Phialocephala fortinii and Talaromyces verruculosus enhance growth and affect heavy metal tolerance of Miscanthus sinensis Andersson growing naturally at a mine site.
- Author
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Lu, Xingyan, Yamaji, Keiko, Haruma, Toshikatsu, Doyama, Kohei, and Masuya, Hayato
- Abstract
Miscanthus sinensis Andersson naturally grows at mining sites and accumulates heavy metals, suggesting heavy metal tolerance. This study aimed to elucidate the heavy metal tolerance mechanisms of M. sinensis, which naturally grew at a mine site, considering root endophytes. Elemental analysis by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy showed that M. sinensis highly accumulated zinc and lead in adventitious roots and dead root bark, exhibiting tolerance via these elemental removals in dead root bark. Phenolic analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography revealed chlorogenic acid production in adventitious roots. Phialocephala fortinii, which showed the highest appearance, and Talaromyces verruculosus, which produced gluconic acid as a zinc detoxicant, were isolated from adventitious roots of M. sinensis. In inoculation tests, P. fortinii and T. verruculosus significantly enhanced seedling growth by increasing potassium uptake and possibly indole-3-acetic acid production. Our results provide fundamental knowledge for using M. sinensis and root endophytes for revegetation at mining sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Host versus home country influence on the immigrant entrepreneurial process: an imprinting perspective.
- Author
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Thai, Mai Thi Thanh, Simba, Amon, and Dabić, Marina
- Abstract
Since its first use in organisational research, nearly five decades ago, imprinting has gained recognition in entrepreneurship studies. Accordingly, this study utilises the behavioural concept to develop new theorisations to account for the entrepreneurial processes of immigrant entrepreneurs. It pays attention on its effects on immigrant entrepreneurs, particularly when it comes to their decision–making and behaviours towards business creation in Canada. A comprehensive analysis of a dataset generated from a systematically selected group of immigrant entrepreneurs revealed the complexity of their imprints at various stages of their entrepreneurial cycle in the North American country. It emerged that imprinting not only modified their behaviours, attitudes and cognition, but also shaped the trajectory of their entrepreneurial processes. That is, their imprints had an effect on how they identified business opportunities, the types of businesses they pursued, their level of entrepreneurial drive, and the types of resources they acquired or accessed in their new environment. Notably, following a period of normalisation in their new surroundings, their original imprints changed due to diminishing affinity with their country-of-origin. This holds research and policy implications as it uncovers an unfolding but less-understood entrepreneurship phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Shallow Lake, Strong Shake: Record of Seismically Triggered Lacustrine Sedimentation From the 1959 M7.3 Hebgen Lake Earthquake Within Henrys Lake, Idaho.
- Author
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Nicovich, Sylvia R., DuRoss, Christopher B., Thompson Jobe, Jessica A., Rodysill, Jessica R., Briggs, Richard W., Hatem, Alexandra E., Tan, Madeleine M., Gavillot, Yann, Lindberg, Noah S., Strickland, Laura E., and Padgett, Jason S.
- Subjects
LAKE sediments ,SEISMOGRAMS ,WATERSHEDS ,EARTHQUAKES ,PALEOSEISMOLOGY - Abstract
We investigate a shallow lake basin for evidence of a large historic intraplate earthquake in western North America. Henrys Lake, Idaho is an atypical candidate for lacustrine paleoseismic study given its shallow depth (∼7 m) and low relief (≤2° slopes). Here, we test the earthquake‐recording capacity of this basin type by showing sedimentological evidence of the 1959 M7.3 Hebgen Lake earthquake within sediment cores, using anthropogenically produced 137Cs activity to constrain timing. In addition to expanding the morphologic range of basins targeted for lacustrine paleoseismic studies, this work has implications for sediment response in dam‐enhanced basins. Lack of sedimentological evidence for other earthquakes coupled with radiocarbon chronology reveals that the 1959 event is the only clearly recorded earthquake within Henrys Lake since the mid‐Holocene. Henrys Lake offers a proxy for paleo‐earthquake signatures within similar lacustrine environments and underscores the importance of further paleoseismic studies in the region. Plain Language Summary: Earthquake‐triggered sedimentation within lake systems is not simple to interpret. There are many uncertainties because other earth processes beyond earthquakes can generate similar deposits. We test whether we can observe the 1959 M7.3 Hebgen Lake earthquake within nearby Henrys Lake, Idaho. Henrys Lake is distinct from most lakes studied for earthquakes, with a shallow depth and low‐angle margin slopes. We extracted sediment cores from Henrys Lake that reveal evidence of the 1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake and estimate deposit timing with radiometric techniques. The Henrys Lake record opens opportunities for similar lake systems that may be more readily available than the traditional basins targeted for this type of study and can inform ground shaking activity within the region. Key Points: Sediment cores from Henrys Lake record ground shaking produced from the 1959 M7.3 Hebgen Lake earthquakeHenrys Lake sediment cores do not record shaking‐induced sedimentation from ∼4.7 ka until 1959Lacustrine sediments in shallow, low‐relief, intraplate basins can record earthquake shaking [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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