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The article focuses on the impact of climate change on rising global temperatures and the consequent increase in heat waves, attributing these changes to human activity. It discusses the alarming rise in heat-related deaths and the need for policies to mitigate risks and enhance community resilience to extreme heat, emphasizing the importance of understanding the health effects of heat exposure for informing patient care and broader strategies for adaptation.

Summer heatwaves are becoming increasingly dangerous over Europe, and their close monitoring is essential for human activities. Typically, they are monitored using 2 m temperature from meteorological weather stations or reanalysis datasets. In this study, the 2022 extremely warm summer over Europe is analyze ' using satellite land surface temperature (LST), specifically the LSA-SAF All-Sky LST product (available from 2004 onwards). Since climate applications of LST are still poorly explored, heatwave diagnostics derived from satellite observations are compared with those derived using ERA5/ERA5-Land reanalysis data. Results highlight the exceptiorility of 2022 in different metrics such as mean LST anomaly, area under extreme heat conditions, number of hot days and the Heatwave Magnitude Index. In all metrics, 2022 ranked first when compared with the remaining years. Compared to 2018 (next in all rankings), 2022 exceeded its LST anomaly by 0.7 °C and each pixel had on average seven more hot days. Satellite LST complements reanalysis diagnostics, as higher LST anomalies occur over areas under severe drought, indicating a higher control and amplification of the heatwave by surface processes and vegetation stress. These cross-cutting diagnostics increase the confidence across satellite data records and reanalysis, fostering their usage in climate applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This means an increased likelihood of more frequent instances of high tunnel temperatures, or higher peak tunnel temperatures, which have implications for both human health and the operation of the LU network. As the climate is changing, Transport for London (TfL), which owns and operates the London Underground network, is faced with operational challenges during periods of extreme weather, especially with heat, on its assets. The warmest LU lines at present (Bakerloo and Central) estimated daily maximum tunnel temperatures on both lines to exceed 30°C throughout the year in both scenarios by the 2080s, including some stations experiencing several months frequently exceeding daily maximum tunnel temperatures of 35°C in the RCP 8.5 scenario. This requires combining reliable, daily spatiotemporal weather data (in this case, St. James's Park weather station data), such as daily minimum, mean and maximum temperatures across an area with fault data, then normalising across the study area by the frequency of temperature intervals and number of assets at that location (Fisher, [10]). [Extracted from the article]

However, due to late dropouts, the Ghana Cocoa team lost its African representative and a UK Post-Doctoral Research Associate, so was very unbalanced, and we ended up with the two Ghana teams merging into one larger-than-ideal team (GhanaAg team). The Leeds Africa Climate Hackathon aimed to generate user-relevant narratives of possible future climate in East and West Africa relevant to hydroelectric power generation and agriculture respectively. Analysis of CMIP5 models suggests West Africa will see shorter wet seasons, increasing rainfall intensity, and decreasing rainfall frequency under climate change (Dunning I et al i ., [6]). The team hypothesised that the dam would not be able to retain these higher intensity rains and would have to release them downstream, which in turn could increase periods when dam levels were low even if decadal rainfall were similar to today. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: bivalve; fisheries; nearshore; semi-quantitative; thermal stress EN bivalve fisheries nearshore semi-quantitative thermal stress 1 7 7 10/06/22 20221001 NES 221001 From 26 to 28 June 2021, an unprecedented atmospheric heatwave coincided with the lowest low tides of the year in the Pacific Northwest (i.e., the region consisting of the northwestern corner of the contiguous United States and southwestern Canada). Butter clams, which often burrow >15 cm deep in sediment and live at lower tidal elevations than other clam species (Dethier, 2006), were less affected by the heatwave than surface-dwelling cockles. Given that all of the bivalve species discussed here were likely reproductive during the heatwave (Anderson et al., 1982), it is possible that high mortality in certain species (e.g., cockles) may manifest itself in reduced adult populations in ~4 years. However, we did observe a range in butter clam condition among sites separated by ~30 km, indicating that local scale factors may also contribute to postheatwave clam condition. [Extracted from the article]

Rehschuh and Ruehr did find lower F SB v sb /F SB M sb in the heatwave and droughted heatwave plants; however, it did not lead to long-term damage, as F SB v sb /F SB M sb slowly recovered post-heatwave and drought. Broader questions for ecosystem response to hot drought Rehschuh and Ruehr provide excellent insight into how coniferous seedlings might respond to a heatwave-drought event; however, it is still unclear how these results might scale seasonally, and with mature trees or other plant functional types. This scientific commentary refers to 'Diverging responses of water and carbon relations during and after heat and hot drought stress in Pinus sylvestris' by Rehschuh and Ruehr (doi: 10.1093/treephys/tpab141). [Extracted from the article]

I The i Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) I of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the enormously detailed quadrennial literature review of climate research that is the Panel's principal output, is at an advanced stage of preparation, with the final Synthesis Report scheduled to be issued in September 2022. B I From Working Group I (pp. 14-15) i b : Compared to 1850-1900, global surface temperature averaged over 2081-2100 is very likely to be higher by 1.0°C to 1.8°C under the very low GHG emissions scenario considered (SSP1-1.9), by 2.1°C to 3.5°C in the intermediate GHG emissions scenario (SSP2-4.5) and by 3.3°C to 5.7°C under the very high GHG emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). [Extracted from the article]

They showed increases in future projections of precipitation, streamflow, maximum and minimum temperature across the basin based on a hydrological model driven by bias-adjusted CMIP6 GCM simulations. Summary of This Special Issue Precipitation is a main driver of hydrologic extremes, and future changes in precipitation indices can be expected to have implications on both floods and droughts. With the increases in the intensity of extreme precipitation, persistent low precipitation and evaporative water demand at different spatial and temporal scales, hydrologic extremes (floods and droughts) have become more likely and more severe in many regions [[1]]. The intensification of global water cycle, associated with anthropogenic climate change, is affecting the characteristics of hydrologic extreme events throughout the world. [Extracted from the article]

The article investigates how extreme the 2021 western North America heat wave was in the global context. Topics discussed include increasing magnitude of extreme temperature events, climatology of both the time period and region where the extreme temperature occurred, and use of Earth system models to estimate how the frequency of heat extremes will change as atmospheric greenhouse gases rise into the future.