The impact of heat on London Underground infrastructure in a changing climate.

This means an increased likelihood of more frequent instances of high tunnel temperatures, or higher peak tunnel temperatures, which have implications for both human health and the operation of the LU network. As the climate is changing, Transport for London (TfL), which owns and operates the London Underground network, is faced with operational challenges during periods of extreme weather, especially with heat, on its assets. The warmest LU lines at present (Bakerloo and Central) estimated daily maximum tunnel temperatures on both lines to exceed 30°C throughout the year in both scenarios by the 2080s, including some stations experiencing several months frequently exceeding daily maximum tunnel temperatures of 35°C in the RCP 8.5 scenario. This requires combining reliable, daily spatiotemporal weather data (in this case, St. James's Park weather station data), such as daily minimum, mean and maximum temperatures across an area with fault data, then normalising across the study area by the frequency of temperature intervals and number of assets at that location (Fisher, [10]). [Extracted from the article]