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Introduction. The article considers entrepreneurial activity as satisfaction and further stimulation of consumer needs, and the concept of "Physical Culture" in its health-improving, recreational (restorative) aspects. The importance of integrating physical culture and Recreation, Physical Culture and sports and entrepreneurial activities at the social level to promote the idea and ideals of sports, achievements and achievements in the field of Fkis is revealed. The development of sports entrepreneurship is promoted by the activities of modern mass media, the implementation of international sports relations between different countries, the organization and holding of the Olympic Games, Continental and World Championships. The integration of Physical Culture and recreation, sports and entrepreneurial types of entrepreneurial activity leads to significant transformations in the content and forms of management of specialists in the Fkis industry. It is determined that an important prerequisite for the integration of Physical Culture and Recreation, Physical Culture and sports and entrepreneurial activity is the use of the results of careful understanding of methods, mechanisms, forms and methods of management, strategies and sources of legal and financial support for entrepreneurship, which emphasizes the objective need for high-quality training of specialists in Physical Culture and sports to entrepreneurship and actualizes the problem of developing their entrepreneurial competence.

Ample work in political communication showed that high-level politicians get more media attention than their lower ranking colleagues. With power comes media attention. More than hard work, charisma, or experience, it is the political function performed by politicians that is the crucial factor in explaining how much media attention they receive. But what about the opposite relationship: does media attention also generate power? In this paper, we examine the media path leading to power. Basically, two important career steps of politicians are assessed: becoming a party leader and becoming a minister; we test whether, compared to those who did not make a top career, the politicians who came to take these steps were more prominent in the media before they moved up and became elite politicians. We draw on the case of Belgium here and leverage on a longitudinal automated media content analysis (2000–2020) combined with a data set of 532 national/regional politicians and their careers. The study finds that media occurrences matters for being promoted to a top function in Belgium, more so for becoming a minister than for becoming a party leader. Furthermore, rejecting our initial idea based on political mediatization theories, the influence of media occurrence does not seem to increase through time for both functions.

Language management refers to state administrative regulations, policies, and activities on the language(s) use within educational, legal, and other public domains and to the scientific discipline which studies this phenomenon. We argue that during COVID-19 health emergency, the concept of language management might need revision as new topics and contexts have come to light within the discussion on language use amid the current pandemic. We explore key dimensions of this discussion representation in public communication, identify language-use related topics which have been mentioned in this discussion, study its levels and major actors. The texts from official sites of international organizations, national governments, public and non-profit social agencies, mass media were selected. The corpus of 238 sources with a total of 193478 words was subject to manual and computer-based thematic content coding and clustering. The results reveal language-use related topics within the information and discussion topics during the COVID-19, specify the levels at which the above topics discussed, outline those actors who initiate/take part/form the target audience within the discussion on language use during the COVID-19. The research also leads to the conclusion on the critical importance of such issues as the style of international and national leaderships addresses, production and timeliness of multilingual data on the pandemic, countermeasures against misinformation and anti-nation bias, development of protocols for the use of fact-based rational language. The mentioned items are considered as the key components of a language management framework for policy and actions which need a coordinated interagency response within local and global contexts during the COVID-19.

The article analyzes the main directions and forms of external open communications of the Soviet secret services at the second stage of their reorganization in the Gorbachev Era. It shows the general tendencies of the state security bodies’ implementation of the principle of openness. It highlights the peculiarities of “publicity and democratization” expansion in the operational and service activities of the USSR KGB in the Perestroika period. It is substantiated that in the second half of the 1980s in the USSR there was a transformation of the “repressive-communicative” system with a gradual transition from monologic communication to dialogic communication. At the same time, it is shown that the publicity of the Soviet secret services in this transitional period was influenced by both the specifics of their work and the prevailing propaganda model of communication in the USSR. It is emphasized that at that time the public contacts of the state security bodies with the population had a pronounced propaganda character.It is proven that the KGB of the Ukrainian SSR considered open communications as an important tool for influencing and manipulating public opinion. At the same time, they were provided through public (work with the media, creative unions, public organizations, meetings with employees of enterprises, institutions, organizations, etc.) and personal channels (consideration of applications and reception of citizens).Among the main areas of the communicative interaction of the Soviet secret services in Ukraine, the article deals with the following: public discrediting of national liberation movement members; popularization of state security bodies through mass media and creative unions, in particular the role of press groups in information and propaganda support of state security bodies; participation in rehabilitation processes; work with citizens’ appeals.The leading forms of such activities were as follow: meetings with labor collectives, roundtable discussions, thematic evenings, public meetings, organization of excursions to departmental rooms-museums; participation of representatives of state security bodies in public events; publications in the press, release of TV and radio programs, feature and documentary films dedicated to the Soviet secret services, organization of press conferences; conducting a personal reception of citizens, and correspondence based on the results of consideration of appeals., У статті проаналізовано основні напрями та форми зовнішніх відкритих комунікацій радянських спецслужб на другому етапі перебудови їхньої діяльності у горбачовський період. Продемонстровано загальні тенденції реалізації органами державної безпеки принципу відкритості та висвітлено ключові управлінські рішення щодо розширення «гласності та демократизації» в оперативно-службовій діяльності КДБ УРСР у роки перебудови. Обґрунтовано, що у другій половині 1980-х років у СРСР відбулася трансформація «репресивно-комунікативної» системи з поступовим переходом від моно- логічної комунікації до діалогічного спілкування. Водночас показано, що на публічність радянських спецслужб у цей перехідний період впливала як специфіка їхньої роботи, так і панівна в СРСР пропагандистська модель комунікації. Акцентовано, що у цей час гласні контакти органів держбезпеки з населенням мали яскраво виражений інформаційно-пропагандистський характер.Тож серед складових комунікативної взаємодії радянських спецслужб із громадськістю йдеться про: публічну дискредитацію учасників національно-визвольного руху; популяризацію органів держбезпеки через ЗМІ та творчі союзи; участь КДБ УРСР у реабілітаційних процесах; роботу зі зверненнями громадян.

It is often maintained that there is no one consistent mass media policy in Lithuania. There are, indeed, many mechanisms of state financial aid and support, and the allocation of funds itself is rather inconsistent and accidental. There is no data or information available as to how the strengths and weaknesses of the particular mechanisms created and aid/funding opportunities available are perceived by the target audience of such efforts – the staff of the editorial boards of the news outlets and the particular business owners. Having conducted a questionaire-based study and a series of in-depth structured interviews with selected typical representatives from the industry, here we delineate the perception: the editorial staff maintain that the most impactful mechanism of allocating state support for the press are direct payments, especially those distributed by the Lithuanian Media Support Foundation, though the principles regulating its decision-making should be amended so as to allow for more transparency. One should also ensure that whatever is being funded has a case for continuity, sustainability and long-term future in regard to its activities. Additionally, especially inasmuch as any allocation of funds is related to an attempt to ensure the long-term success of democratic governance, the funding is to be targeted at local news rather than national or international news. These findings are shown to be comparable to tendencies observed abroad.

In the world of virtual reality, it becomes quite difficult for the recipient of information to understand how much the image he uses, created in media reality, corresponds to the phenomenon of social reality, of which it is a reflection. The construction of media reality in the media is of particular interest for research in the field of sociology, cultural studies, psychology, linguistics, advertising, PR. The study of the genesis of media reality in the paradigm of mass media is the basis for identifying the main trends in the development of communication science. Of interest is the interdependence of the agenda and the means of influencing consumers of information used in the media. The relevance of the work is associated with the understanding that the construction of media reality turns into a media process. The allocation of priority information in the media stream becomes problematic: the consciousness of the recipient is significantly overloaded the individual does not have time to analyze the information received, but only gives him a superficial emotional assessment. The article analyses mass media materials that reflect the agenda and affect the construction of media reality. The practical significance of the study of the potential of mass media in the construction of media reality is to identify priority topics for the agenda of publications that affect the consumer of information content.

Introduction: Information Communication Technology (ICT) is the use of computers, mobile phones and internet to access, process, receive, send, and use various kinds of data and information. With the expansion of mobile phone users and availability of internet services, teenagers are now using ICT to create awareness and use contraceptives, an area considered to be the preserved of married couple. Purpose: The paper examines how the application of ICT by teenagers broken traditional and religious barriers to accessing and utilizing contraceptive information in the Sunyani East Municipality. Methodology: The research design was a mixed method combining qualitative and quantitative approaches. The target population was teenagers between the ages of 11 and 19 years in Senior High and Junior High Schools. Out of 87 schools, 16 schools were randomly selected using simple random sampling technique. The total sample size was 212 teenagers. Data was collected from the respondents, using interviews, questionnaires and focus group discussions. The paper found that ICT is a major means of accessing, sharing and using information about contraceptives by the teenagers, information is hard to access because of societal perceptions, sociocultural and psycho-religious barriers. Findings: The paper found that ICT has impact on their perceptions, utilization or otherwise, because they now the effects of various kinds of contraceptives. Recommendation: The paper recommends that teenagers should be given proper ICT education to enable them use credible websites on the internet to get contraceptive information. Education should be intensified through the mass media, free lectures, radio and television discussions to augment the use of ICT to expand the number of teenagers using contraceptive.

Global informatization of a society becomes the reason for the introduction of media informational technologies in educational environment. One of the priority areas of an effective media education system development in Ukraine is to spread the practice of integrating media educational elements into the educational process as a conceptual basis for the development and education of a modern competitive media culture, media literate personality who is ready to study during lifetime, ready to choose a profession and appears as a national elite. The concept of introducing media education has been studied by foreign scientists: L. Masterman, R. Kybey. Among media education theorists in Russia there were A. Fedorov, I. Zhilavska, I. Fateeva and others. Ukrainian scientists (R. Babii, M. Dorosh, A. Volosheniuk, V. Ivanova, G. Dehtyareva, V. Litostanskii, G. Onkovich, L. Kulchytska, A. Lytvyn, N. Gabor, I. Chemerys) have been investigating the meaning, the content of media literacy and basic approaches to the definition of key media educational concepts. The subject of our study is the integration of media education in the lyceum. The purpose of the article is to consider the model of introduction of media education into the practice of Sloviansk pedagogical lyceum as a necessary component of educational process organization. The main purpose of the concept of introduction of media education is to provide a fundamentally new approach to the modernization of the educational environment of the lyceum, which involves the implementation of the following components – stages of integration of media education in the lyceum: stage I – the integration of the lyceum into a single informational and educational space; stage II – a comprehensive preparation of the subjects of educational process for safe and effective interaction with the modern media system; stage III – the development of tools for the formation of media culture and media literacy in accordance with age and individual peculiarities. The integration of media educational technologies in the condition of educational institution changes the educational environment at the level of building communications between all participants of the educational space. Integration is the process and the result of creating of something inextricably linked. Solving a number of problems in the context of media education will contribute to the effective development of Slaviansk pedagogical lyceum as a modern educational institution. Understanding the patterns of functioning of mass media technologies, ways of media influencing on people are essential components of a successful media education.

Framing as a concept and theoretical perspective is well established in the modern political package to construct meanings. The messages are encoded and the essence of the angle or perspective induced into the audience for a predictable outcome is the key feature of any of the framing perspectives. Framing in conflict focuses attention on factors beyond what had actually happened. All frames that are used in conflict reporting do not carry equal weightage. This is where frames are often used as tools of political manipulations and to create social mobilisations as prime agents of control over the public. Use of media for exposure and as an agent of a leading character to divert the conflict frames always head-on to seek media as a primary tool of rein. Perceived as a working platform for information, modern media power is often controlled and manipulated by the elite with fixed and constant frames more often in conflicts. The capacities of media as an incredible strength are thus used as a weapon of destruction as the media power declines and political manipulations increase. In the language of control and conflict, media capabilities perform in different criteria. The media by far, is the most important source of information on conflict and politics, and the combined control of these two sources as an influence on ‘public opinion’ is the focus of the paper. Framing as an absolute and relative influence of control in conflict reporting is the success of political communication. Categorising conflict frame under eight major categories-Intended Frame, Routine Frame, Indicative Frame, Identity Frame, Manipulative Frame, Motivational Frame, Peace Frame and Dispute Frame-the paper exemplifies different cases that can define the concept of media’s controlled conflict framing. These frames are embedded in our personal, social and institutional lives and reinforce to exercise prevailing beliefs. The contemporary importance of media frames as a governing power and identity creators aim to exploit the media in order to nurture political goals by restructuring the perceived politics and conflicts in the minds of people. The paper is also a prefatory alternation of conflict management where media can play an integral role as a manager. The peace and routine frames that are often less identified in modern reports can serve as substitutes to manage conflict-promoting harmony. Further, the secondary discussion revolves around the control of mass media over conflict reporting that helps formulate the public perception of political reality in different types of conflict frames. It contributes a wide range of possibilities for analysing different facets of the frames as a means of control for affecting a collective conscience, thereby creating national interest.

Objective: Media framing of nutrition policy issues has been said to play a critical role in influencing public and political support for these issues. We examined the coverage of nutrition policy issues in the Australian news media to determine the key frames and expert sources used by the media. Methods: News articles published in Australia between 2008 and 2018 were retrieved from key media databases. Content analysis was used to identify nutrition policy issues reported and expert sources used. Frames were identified using a theoretical framework. Results: Seven nutrition policy categories were identified. Expert sources included representatives from public health, food industry and politicians. Six dominant frames were identified: government responsibility, industry responsibility, societal frame, individual responsibility, parental responsibility and nanny state frame. Nutrition experts tended to use thematic frames while government and food industry sources used episodic frames to deflect responsibility onto individuals. Conclusions: Despite high media representation of thematic frames and government responsibility in addressing nutrition policy issues, limited regulatory policy action has occurred in Australia. Implications for public health: Further research is needed to better understand different frames and their effectiveness in influencing public and political opinion. Greater coherence amongst health advocates would be beneficial to ensure a collective, recognised voice on issues.

This research aims to show the problems that occur regarding the application of the new student admission system through the zoning system, the real impact and the implications of various constraints and problems from the application of the zoning system in acceptance of new students. This research is a literature research with data resources using previously study and information from trusted mass media. The results of the study explain that there are several problems that need to be resolved so that the application of the zoning system in the new student admissions policy can be carried out optimally. The problem is reducing the capacity of the achievement pathway, the condition of school accreditation is not evenly distributed, and many schools have inadequate classroom conditions. The impact of the implementation of the zoning system is that it makes it easier for students to attend school, equalizes the quality of schools, and creates perceptions of the limitations of school choices for students.

Introduction. The article examines the image of artificial intelligence in the media and its reflection in 2010s. Coverage of the fast development of technology in the mass media requires careful analysis and systematic monitoring due to not fully determined socio-ethical ideas about the place and role of artificial intelligence in human life. The paper attempts to study what media had about artificial intelligence in the second decade of the 21st century.Methodology and sources. Based on the results of quantitative and qualitative studies of the texts of Russian and foreign media, semantic changes in the representation of artificial intelligence are analyzed. To collect empirical informa tion, we used the analysis of documents (reports and preparatory notes of UNESCO for the development of an ethical code of artificial intelligence), public opinion polls, content analysis of Russian and foreign media.Results and discussion. According to the results of the study, correlation between intensity of references to artificial intelligence on political and economic phenomena was noted. In particular, there is a connection with the growth of economic activity of investors in advanced technologies, the launch of innovative technologies in the sphere of consumption by large companies and the strategic programs of states.Conclusion. At the moment, artificial intelligence is seen as positive technology. Implementation of AI into social and professional spheres is irreversible. The negative consequences of the development of AI are considering as an unobvious hypothetical future. By the beginning of the third decade of the 21st century, the media discourse around AI expanded to such a state of uncertainty that it took action to establish an ethical framework for the development of technology.

Thispaper reviews two ways of media utilization:to provide regular entertainment programmes and news events;and to relay specific messages for the purpose of influencing attitudes and behaviour. Obstacles to the effective use of the media for attitude and behaviour change are outlined and communication and training activities in order to overcome these obstacles are recommended

Koronaepidemian aikana viestinnässä on koettu monia onnistumisia, mutta myös sudenkuoppia on tarjolla. Kestävyyskuntoa tarvitaan myös viestinnässä epidemian pitkittyessä.

Background The COVID-19 pandemic brought the production of scientific knowledge onto the public agenda in real-time. News media and commentators analysed the successes and failures of the pandemic response in real-time, bringing the process of scientific inquiry, which is also fraught with uncertainty, onto the public agenda. We examine how Canadian newspapers framed scientific uncertainty in their initial coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic and how journalists made sense of the scientific process. Methods We conducted a framing analysis of 1143 news stories and opinion during the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a qualitative analysis software, our analysis focused, first, on how scientific uncertainty was framed in hard news and opinion discourse (editorial, op-ed). Second, we compared how specialist health and science reporters discussed scientific evidence versus non-specialist reporters in hard news and columns. Results Uncertainty emerged as a “master frame” across the sample, and four additional framing strategies were used by reporters and commentators when covering the pandemic: (1), evidence -focusing on presence or absence of it-; (2) transparency and leadership -focusing on the pandemic response-; (3) duelling experts – highlighting disagreement among experts or criticizing public health decisions for not adhering to expert recommendations-; and (4) mixed messaging -criticizing public health communication efforts. While specialist journalists understood that scientific knowledge evolves and the process is fraught with uncertainty, non-specialist reporters and commentators expressed frustration over changing public health guidelines, leading to the politicization of the pandemic response and condemnation of elected officials’ decisions. Conclusions Managing scientific uncertainty in evolving science-policy situations requires timely and clear communication. Public health officials and political leaders need to provide clear and consistent messages and access to data regarding infection prevention guidelines. Public health officials should quickly engage in communication course corrections if original messages are missing the intended mark, and clearly explain the shift. Finally, public health communicators should be aware of and more responsive to a variety of media reporters, who will bring different interpretative frames to their reporting. More care and effort are needed in these communication engagements to minimize inconsistencies, uncertainty, and politicization.

Efforts that destigmatize mental health, especially media campaigns, have not fully penetrated Latinx and Spanish-language media and have not reached consumers. This lack of reach conceivably contributes to high stigma and low use of mental health care services among young, diverse, and growing Latinx populations. Latinx and Spanish-language media have been historically excluded from media-related research examining stigmatizing content and help-seeking resources. Moreover, Latinx populations are rarely included in antistigma efficacy trials. Such exclusion has plausibly restricted mental health service utilization for Latinx communities, thereby perpetuating mental health inequities. Addressing these inequities can help support effective future antistigma efforts that leverage Latinx and Spanish-language mass media to rapidly reach Latinx audiences and narrow treatment gaps.

In the era of speed and technology, mass media has an important role in keeping people informed about events happening all around the world, but also in shaping their opinion. One of the main issues that mass-media focuses on is represented by terrorist propaganda. Nowadays, terrorist attacks have become more frequent, and we argue that, due to their social and emotional intelligence, terrorists have the power to manipulate not only people but also mass media. The purpose of our paper was to assess the way Romanian and foreign online mass-media channels present information about Islamic terrorist groups and the activities developed by them, in order to raise awareness about the matter of propaganda and the role of mass media in promoting it. In order to conduct the research, content analysis was used as a method. A total of 36 news presented online by Romanian and foreign mass-media channels were analyzed. The result of the research revealed that Romanian mass-media channels focus more on using words with aggressive content, and that foreign mass-media channels focus on religious and cultural-geographic content. Therefore, the results of the research revealed that the way mass media presents terrorist attacks can unintentionally contribute to the promotion of terrorist propaganda.

BackgroundFollowing the 2018 mass shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, there was a dramatic increase in media coverage of extreme risk protection orders (ERPOs) and in state policy proposals for ERPO laws. This study documents the frequency of news coverage of ERPOs throughout 2018 and examines the narratives used by media outlets to describe this risk-based firearm policy.MethodsUsing a mixed-method descriptive design, we examine the frequency of national news media coverage of ERPO legislation in 2018, before and after the Parkland shooting, and analyze the content of news articles related to a sample of states that considered ERPO legislation after the shooting.ResultsWe find a sharp increase in the frequency of articles related to ERPOs following the Parkland shooting and smaller increases in coverage surrounding ERPO policy proposals and other public mass shootings that year. Nearly three-quarters of articles in our content analysis mentioned the Parkland shooting. The news media often mentioned or quoted politicians compared to other stakeholders, infrequently specified uses for ERPOs (e.g., prevention of mass violence, suicide, or other violence), and rarely included evidence on effectiveness of such policies. More than one-quarter of articles mentioned a mass shooting perpetrator by name, and one-third of articles used the term “gun control.”ConclusionsThis study describes the emerging public discourse, as informed by media messaging and framing, on ERPOs as states continue to debate and implement these risk-based firearm violence prevention policies.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to strengthen health communication in times of crisis. This study aims to analyze the media agenda of press conferences on COVID-19 in Mexico during the first two phases of the pandemic, based on journalists’ questions. The study is based on framing theory. The method used was content analysis from a quantitative perspective. This method was explicitly applied to the final section of the conferences, which dealt with “questions from the press.” The results show that at the beginning of the pandemic, the press was more interested in the government’s management of the health crisis than in issues such as the prevention of the disease itself or the economic impact of the crisis on the country. Moreover, the main characteristic of the questions was that they were generally socially relevant. In conclusion, we found that in the media agenda of the Mexican conference, the frame of attribution of responsibility was prominent but in combination with the frames of conflict, human interest, morality, and economic consequences. This research was funded by the National Council of Science and Technology of Mexico, grant number 784757, and The APC was funded by the Faculty of Health Science of the University of Alicante.

The interest of health communication scholars hover on relationships between HIV/AIDS message exposure and HIV knowledge, attitude and practice as the epidemic is no longer seen as only a health issue; its ramifications cover all aspects of society from economic, social structures to psychological makeup of communities. The media, under normal condition are expected to complement governments’ efforts in achieving set objectives on such important issues as combating HIV/AIDS through the creation of awareness, mobilization and advocacy among other things, such as contained in the cardinal tenets of Development Media Theory. This is more so given that the only remedy to the epidemic is prevention through advocacy on the promotion of safe practices. Mass media play a central role in this direction. Exposure to HIV/AIDS messages especially on the mass media among adolescents in sub Saharan Africa has been reported as abysmal in the early 2000s, but now given growth in infrastructure and development in technology and program appeal, there emerges a need for reassessment. Given that communication particularly through the media is considered a major preventive strategy, this chapter set out to highlight a compressive review of scholarly works on HIV/AIDS media exposure, knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) across regions of the world, since the 80s. It is however concluded that the study of media use and HIV/AIDS KAP leaves much to be explored conceptually, methodologically and empirically.

Background Technical information regarding health-related advances is sometimes esoteric for the general public. News media, therefore, plays a key role in public health promotion via health information conveyance. In this study, we use China as a sample country and analyze the claims and frames in news coverage of health-related advances, with special focus on news coverage of the development and performance of newly developed or tested drugs. Methods A keyword search was performed to retrieve news articles from four representative news agencies in China. In total, 3029 news reports were retrieved, of which 128 were selected for further analysis. Results Four aspects of news coverage of drug development were identified: (1) the characteristics of new drugs covered, (2) the sources of information, (3) the accuracy of health information in newspapers, and (4) textual features of news coverage. Conclusions Our findings reveal that guidelines should be established to facilitate more systematic news reporting on health-related advances. Additionally, literacy among the general public and professionalism in health information conveyance should be promoted to negate the “illusion of knowing” about health-related advances.

This thesis concerns an inter- and multi-disciplinary research which was carried out at Environmental Chemistry Laboratory of Chemistry Department at National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and UNESCO chair-network on Management and Education for Sustainable Development in the Mediterranean . Among the fundamental directions of Environmental Education and education for Sustainable Development (ESD) is the students familiarization with Environmental chemistry and Sustainable development issues. Also the promotion of critical thinking, through which learners could identify and decode influencing techniques, resist increasingly strong messages emitted by TV and electronic media, using powerful techniques able to counterbalance ESD messages from classrooms. In this research the results of the analysis of a large number of messages from various media were used for: a) identifying and reading between the lines ―non-contested‖ and ―contested‖ techniques for influencing audiences, b) presenting the above techniques to Secondary school and Higher education students, allowing them to identify by themselves the techniques in messages from advertisements, etc., c) testing if, and under what conditions, some of these non-contested techniques could be used for enhancing the efficiency of learning and increasing knowledge about Environmental chemistry, Green chemistry and shifting attitudes towards environmentally friendly direction.We check knowledge and attitude changes due to different educational interventions-presentations. Both the non-contested advertisement methods presentation and the ―static‖ presentation facilitate assimilation of knowledge related to environmental chemistry issues after the intervention. None was better than the other. But non-contested methods presentation stimulated attitudes and positive behaviors towards the environment signifantly better than the static presentation. On the other hand the contested techniques presentation in this study cause statistical significant changes in knowledge assimilation related to environmental chemistry in comparison to static presentation and also affected attitudes deeper. The usage of the latter methods does not suggest that we propose to employ them as means of positive or negative manipulation toward acceptance of messages. The inclusion of near infrasound information and subliminal stimuli serve one of the scopes of the research, which was to reveal that their presence in mass media productions is not neutral and may act especially upon vulnerable population, e.g. children, pupils, students without awareness.

The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic—in terms of climate, economy and social aspects—cannot yet be fully assessed, but we can already see how the pandemic is intensifying already existing socio-economic inequalities. This applies to different population groups, particularly the elderly. In this article, our goal is to identify the linguistic constructions of elderly citizens in Swedish mass media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 from a sociological and corpus linguistics perspective. More specifically, our aim is to explore the discursive formations of the elderly in Swedish media during the pandemic and how these formations relate to risk as well as the discursive constructions of in- and out-groups. Drawing on corpus-assisted discourse studies (CADS), inspired by discourse–historical analysis (DHA), we examine the media coverage of COVID-19 by three Swedish newspapers published during 2020: Aftonbladet, a national tabloid, Svenska Dagbladet, a national morning newspaper, and Dalademokraten, a regional morning newspaper. In this article, the news articles and their messages are considered performative to the extent that—for example, at the same time as a story is expressed—the elderly are at risk of becoming seriously ill due to COVID-19, moreover, a position of vulnerability for the elderly is simultaneously created. The result reveals that the elderly were constructed as an at-risk group, while visitors, personnel and nursing homes were constructed as being risky or a threat to the elderly.

The most significant aspect of a leader’s behavior is ethics because it is a guideline for interacting, acting, and involving in government in an ethical manner without abusing power. This article aims to find out how the ethics of regional heads are applied in the administration of regional government. The research method used was qualitative with a literature study approach. Data collection was done by literature study by collecting various materials from books, journals, research results, and mass media (news). The results of research conducted on three districts/cities in Indonesia involving three leaders of the Mayor of Surabaya, the Mayor of Bandung, and the Regent of Purwakarta in 2015 show some real examples of regional heads who apply ethical values in their leadership, which can be seen from their performance and competence as well as ideas (innovation) and relationships with the community. It has gone well by applying ethical principles in its performance such as accountability, transparency, legal assurance, and justice. Competence in leadership includes the application of ethical values including emotional intelligence, self-management, social awareness, and relationship management. This study concludes that government ethics greatly influence the implementation and desired results, as well as on leadership, which will affect the performance carried out.

The era of the COVID-19 pandemic has encouraged residents to stay at home and reduce social mobility. Work and study activities are carried out as much as possible at home. One of the phenomena that emerged in this phase was the increase in household waste and medical waste. This article aims to reveal what public issues arise from the increase in household and medical waste during the pandemic. Qualitative research methods have been carried out by collecting data from online mass media, interviews, and observations. The results show that the increase in household waste and medical waste raised new public issues: special processing of medical waste, the safety of waste officers, health insurance for waste officers, and adjustment of volume-based waste fee system (VWF). Agile bureaucracy must respond quickly to this phenomenon so that public problems can be resolved immediately. Bureaucracies have to get out of their comfort zone to deal with complex general problems, move faster and different than usual.

Background The use of recreational cannabis by adults was legalized in Canada in 2018 (The Cannabis Act, 17 October 2018). This change in drug policy indirectly opened the doors to broader uses, including those for health-related conditions. As a first step towards understanding ethical, legal, and social shifts on this landscape, we examined messaging surrounding medical cannabis and health in Canadian news media before and after legalization. Methods We retrieved news articles about medical cannabis and health from Canadian sources (2010–2020). Deductive and inductive content analytic approaches were applied to code eligible articles for both a priori ethical, legal, social, and issues, and emergent themes. Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U tests were used to test for thematic changes pre- and post-legalization. Results Two hundred and sixteen (216) articles met inclusion criteria. Analysis yielded three themes and eight subthemes, comprising 4931 coded references. The a priori theme of Ethical, Legal and Social Issues (access, benefits/risks of medical cannabis, public engagement, and conflicts of interest) dominated news media coverage across the decade (coded in 99% of articles). The emergent theme of Medical Applications (therapeutic use of cannabis, consumption considerations, comparisons to other drug and treatment options) was coded in 86% of articles; Resource Issues (research and education) in 50%. We found little discourse on ethics issues specific to exceptional populations. Coverage on aspects of access declined significantly post-legalization. Conclusion Capturing the push of Canadian news coverage of medical cannabis is a powerful means of understanding how public opinions on the subject are shaped and then, by extension, inform public policy for well-being and healthcare. Continued examination of these issues, public consultation, engagement with diverse populations such as people with disabilities and neurologic and mental health conditions, and integration of diverse cultural views into the policy discourse are critical steps for future research and action.

IntroductionViolence against medical staff has been prevalent in China over the past two decades. Although Chinese authorities have released many laws and regulations to protect medical staff from violence since 2011, the legal approach alone is unlikely to resolve this complex issue. In particular, several cases of violence against medical staff in China have caused great media sensation.MethodThis paper proposes an integrated model that combines the environmental stimuli theory, broken windows theory, and rational choice theory. It adopts the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to untangle the causal relationship between violence against medical staff, media sensation, and judicial judgment. We examined reports of medical violence on media and news websites from January 1, 2010, to January 31, 2020, and selected 50 cases with detailed information for this study.ResultsThe results show that each condition is not sufficient for the absence ofjudicial judgment, but when combined, they are conducive to the outcome. The conditions ofhospital level,medical cost, andmedia sensationplay important roles. The providers, patients, and environmental factors are indicators of inadequate or lack ofjudicial judgment, which corresponds to previous expectations.ConclusionsThe integrated model greatly enriches the extant theories and literature, and also yields implications for preventing violence against medical staff in China. We suggest that sustainable and innovative healthcare reform should be initiated. For example, public hospitals should remain the cornerstone of national public health security. Medical staff in public hospitals must be regarded as “civil servants”. Therefore, the current legal system should be improved. The media should objectively report events concerning medical staff and improve public healthcare knowledge.

Communicating Brazilian science still seems to be a challenge for journalists and researchers of public institutions of education and science. In this sense, this research aims to identify and analyze scientists’ perceptions regarding the work of journalists, the relationship between these groups, the expectations, and the challenges of science communication in two Federal Institutes of Education in Brazil. We conducted a mixed study in the qualitative stage with the participation of 30 interviewees, and in the quantitative stage, journalists and researchers answered a questionnaire (n = 242). Our results indicated that the work of science communication is not carried out properly in both Institutes and that there is a lack of articulated work among both journalists, communicators, and researchers. The relationship between these groups needs to be built jointly. In this respect, the biggest challenges are to institutionalize science communication, establish a science communication plan, and overcome internal relationship barriers. Our results may underpin science communication policies and policies for scientific dissemination both institutional or even national levels.

The financial crisis in 1997 and the arrival of reform era in Indonesia has made Surakarta city a city of street vendors. The street vendors exist throughout the city and cause many problems. The first direct election for local leaders in Indonesia inspired citizens to hope that the local governments would be to overcome the problems effectively, including in Surakarta. This article aims to examine the Surakarta citizens’ perceptions of the street vendors in Solopos daily, which is the main newspaper of the city. The research employed qualitative content analysis method. The data were taken through documentation. The results indicated that the public of Surakarta wanted street vendors need to be managed immediately. They wanted it to become the city’s priority agenda. The public perception, then, becomes an important source as well as a good support for the local government to run actions and formulate a proper policy in the form of street vendors management.