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2. A Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience (CURE) in Biology: Developing Systems Thinking through Field Experiences in Restoration Ecology
- Author
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Stanfield, Erin, Slown, Corin D., Sedlacek, Quentin, and Worcester, Suzanne E.
- Abstract
Course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) introduce research leading to skills acquisition and increased persistence in the major. CUREs generate enthusiasm and interest in doing science and serve as an intervention to increase equity and participation of historically marginalized students. In the second-semester laboratory of our introductory sequence for biology and marine science majors at California State University Monterey Bay (CSUMB), instructors updated and implemented a field-based CURE. The goals of the CURE were to promote increased scientific identity, systems thinking, and equity at a Hispanic-serving institution (HSI). Through the CURE, students engaged in scientific writing through a research paper with a focus on information literacy, critical thinking, and quantitative reasoning as important elements of thinking like a scientist. Course exams also revealed that students showed gains in their ability to evaluate a new biological system using systems thinking. More broadly, because such field-based experiences demonstrate equity gains among Latinx students and a much greater sense of scientific identity, they may have impacts beyond introductory biology including in students' personal and professional lives.
- Published
- 2022
3. Learning Biology in the Early Years Through Nature Play in the Forest: An Exploratory Study from Slovenia
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Kos, Marjanca, Tunnicliffe, Sue Dale, Praprotnik, Luka, Torkar, Gregor, Hammann, Marcus, Series Editor, Yarden, Anat, Series Editor, Ergazaki, Marida, Founding Editor, Kampourakis, Kostas, Founding Editor, Zabel, Jörg, Editorial Board Member, Korfiatis, Constantinos, Editorial Board Member, Jimenez Aleixandre, Maria Pilar, Editorial Board Member, Harms, Ute, Editorial Board Member, Reiss, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Gericke, Niklas, Editorial Board Member, El-Hani, Charbel Nino, Editorial Board Member, Dawson, Vaille, Editorial Board Member, Nehm, Ross, Editorial Board Member, McComas, William, Editorial Board Member, Passmore, Cynthia, Editorial Board Member, Grace, Marcus, Editorial Board Member, Knippels, Marie Christine, Editorial Board Member, and Korfiatis, Konstantinos, editor
- Published
- 2024
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4. The sequential analysis of DNA interpretation and fingerprint ridge patterns on porous paper evidence
- Author
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Hegenbart, Sarah
- Subjects
Biology - Abstract
In forensic investigations, when porous substances are submitted for analysis, either fingerprint or DNA analysis can be performed. The purpose of this study was to see if it is possible to perform both fingerprint and DNA analysis on the same piece of evidence and to determine the sequence of analysis that produces the best results. Studies have focused on what fingerprint methods affect DNA analysis but have yet to focus on how DNA analysis affects fingerprint enhancement quality. There are many methods to enhance the visibility of fingerprints on porous substances, but this study chose to use ninhydrin and 1,2-indanedione. In this study, three volunteers deposited their DNA and latent prints onto five different paper substrates (money, copy paper, cardboard, cardstock, and thermal paper). The samples then went through one of the following sequences of analysis: 1) fingerprint enhancement first with ninhydrin method, 2) fingerprint enhancement first with 1,2-indanedione method, 3) DNA analysis first and then fingerprint enhancement with ninhydrin method, and 4) DNA analysis first and then fingerprint enhancement with 1,2-indanedione. The results show that the DNA analysis process significantly decreased the fingerprint enhancement quality while the fingerprint enhancement process with either ninhydrin or 1,2-indandione methods does not significantly decrease the quality and quantity of DNA. These results are important because both fingerprint enhancement and DNA analysis can be performed on the same paper substrates.
- Published
- 2023
5. The Public's Understanding of 'Evolution' as Seen through Online Spaces
- Author
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Park, Hyoung-Yong and Seo, Hae-Ae
- Abstract
Evolution is a central concept that unifies all areas of life sciences. Despite longstanding scientific efforts in science education, the public's scientific awareness of evolution still needs to improve. Furthermore, teaching evolution is subject to recurring controversy. This study aimed to investigate the gap between public understanding of evolution seen through online spaces and contents in a school curriculum and explore its reasons. A content analysis was conducted using data mining on a major online portal in Korea. It examined the characteristics of creating and consuming content on evolution through the online portal service based on analyzing the number of posts related to biological evolution and active participants. It also discussed the feasibility of automatic document classification to distinguish between scientific understanding and nonscientific beliefs on the evolution and related online circulating contents. The results show that there are tactics for public exposure and dissemination of creationism through online discussions. [For the full proceedings, see ED629086.]
- Published
- 2023
6. Stability of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus varies across different paper types
- Author
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Tomo Daidoji, Hajime Miyazaki, Takaaki Nakaya, Risa Bandou, Ryohei Hirose, Takuma Yoshida, Naoto Watanabe, and Yoshito Itoh
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Paper ,Microbiology (medical) ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Virus transmission ,viruses ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,IP, inkjet paper ,PBS, phosphate-buffered saline ,Viral transmission ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ,Virus ,IPP, inkjet photo paper ,FBS, fetal bovine serum ,IAV, influenza A virus ,Influenza A virus ,medicine ,Humans ,Surface structure ,Pharmacology (medical) ,FFU, focus-forming units ,DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium ,TCID50, 50% tissue culture infectious dose ,SARS-CoV-2 ,PP, plain paper ,Postcard ,COVID-19 ,MDCK, Madin–Darby canine kidney ,Orthomyxoviridae ,Virology ,Infectious Diseases ,Original Article ,Stability - Abstract
Introduction The assessment of the risk of virus transmission through papers, such as postcards, is important. However, the stability of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza A virus (IAV) on different types of papers is currently unknown. Investigation of the survival time of these viruses on different types of papers will provide insights into their risk of long-distance transport by postal items. Methods We evaluated the stability of SARS-CoV-2 and IAV, mixed with a culture medium, on the surface of postcards with various coatings, including plain paper (PP), inkjet paper (IP), and inkjet photo paper (IPP). The surface structure of each paper was microscopically assessed. Results The surface structures of PP, IP, and IPP varied greatly depending on the presence or absence, and type, of coat layer, regardless of the base material. IP and IPP surfaces were less conducive to virus survival than PP surfaces, because of the difference in surface shapes. The survival times of SARS-CoV-2 on each paper were approximately 59.8 (PP), 6.5 (IP), and 9.8 h (IPP), and significantly longer than those of IAV (10.3, 1.8, and 3.3 h, respectively). Conclusions The risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission via paper, such as postcards, is significantly higher than that of IAV transmission. While PP, IP, and IPP have the same base material, their surface structures differ, which affects viral stability. The IP and IPP surfaces are less suitable for virus survival. This study provides novel insights into the risks of viral transmission via paper.
- Published
- 2022
7. Sterilization of paper during crisis
- Author
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Fwzah H. Alshammari and Hebat-Allah A. Hussein
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Paper structure ,Infection risk ,Materials science ,Dry heating ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,biology ,Biophysics ,Bacillus cereus ,Human decontamination ,Contamination ,Sterilization (microbiology) ,Salmonella typhi ,biology.organism_classification ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 ,Gamma radiation ,Dry heat ,Escherichia coli ,Food science ,Respiratory pathogen ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Gamma irradiation ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Paper sheets represent one of the infection risk sources inside educational and administrative institutions under biological pandemics. So, the present study aimed to validate the efficiency of gamma radiation or dry heat techniques to sterilize contaminated paper sheets with different indicator pathogens while retaining their structure. The results showed that gamma radiation at 6, 12, or 24 kGy can successfully kill Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi, and fungi such as Candida albicans. Moreover, dry heating at 100 °C for 60 min, 150 °C for 30 min, or 200 °C for 15 min can be successful in paper decontamination of all tested species. Surprisingly, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs proved that gamma radiation at 6 kGy, dry heat at 100 °C for 60 min or 150 °C for 30 min or 200 °C for 15 min, is suitable for paper sheet sterilization while maintaining their structure. Ultimately, dry heat is a simple, effective, fast, safe, and inexpensive technique for paper sterilization. It may be used as a precautionary step inside educational institutions, especially during written examination periods, to ensure a safe life for academic members during biological pandemics such as COVID-19.
- Published
- 2022
8. Optimization of biodegradable paper cup packaging coated with whey protein isolate and rice bran wax as potential popcorn package
- Author
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Majid Javanmard Dakheli, Sedigheh Ganjizadeh Zavareh, and Behjat Tajeddin
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business.product_category ,Materials science ,biology ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,RSM ,food and beverages ,coating ,Paper cup ,engineering.material ,Whey protein isolate ,Coating ,engineering ,biology.protein ,TX341-641 ,Food science ,sense organs ,Rice bran wax ,business ,WVTR ,paper cup ,snacks ,Food Science ,Original Research - Abstract
Biodegradable paper cups coated with rice bran wax and whey protein isolate were designed to package popcorn. Coatings with different concentrations of whey protein isolate (5.5, 7.75, and 10% w/v) and rice bran wax (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6% w/v) were applied on the outer surface of the paper cups. Thickness, color changes, Young's modulus and tensile strength, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of the coated and uncoated cups, and also popcorns properties (pH, texture, and sensory properties) were evaluated. Water vapor transmission rate, Young's modulus, thickness, total color change index, and tensile strength of coated cups with the optimal coating formulation was 19.785 (g/m2 day), 11.810 (MPa), 276.583 (µm), 1.839, and 11.222 (MPa), respectively. The results showed that paper cup coating increased thickness and yellowness and reduced the brightness, Young's modulus, and WVTR. Coating had a positive effect on the pH and texture of popcorns packaged in coated cups than samples packed in uncoated cups (p, Biodegradable packaging is one of the best types of packaging that wishes not to harm the environment. Paper packaging coated with materials, such as rice bran wax and whey protein isolate, both of which are food waste, can improve paper color and resistance, and provide a good moisture barrier. This type of coating can be used in paper packaging of food such as snacks, noodle packaging, semi‐prepared foods, etc. This type of packaging can also maintain the physicochemical and sensory properties of food for a long time. Also, due to the edible nature of this type of coating, this coating can be used inside the package so that the printability of the packaging surface is not affected.
- Published
- 2021
9. Adaptive Potential and Endocrine Profile of Pulp and Paper Workers in Arkhangelsk
- Author
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Viktoriya Alikina, A. E. Elfimova, and E. V. Tipisova
- Subjects
Pulp (tooth) ,Endocrine system ,Adaptive potential ,Biology ,Pulp and paper industry - Abstract
Introduction. Maintaining good health and working capacity of the population is one of the main tasks of the healthcare system. Living under adverse climatic conditions of the North and being exposed to dangerous production factors of the pulp and paper industry, strongly represented in the Arkhangelsk Region, can significantly reduce the adaptive capacity of the body. Major role in providing an adequate response to the action of irritators and initiating the adaptation process is played by the neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, and circulatory systems, which reflect qualitative and quantitative changes in the body while being reliable markers of homeostasis. The aim was to study the adaptive potential of workers showing the level of functioning of the circulatory system and to evaluate their endocrine profile depending on the revealed functional capabilities of the body. Materials and methods. The study involved 50 men aged 22–60 years working in the production departments of Solombala Pulp and Paper Mill (Arkhangelsk) with a body mass index of 19–25 and without earlier history of endocrine pathology. Serum levels of thyroxine-binding globulin and oestradiol were determined by means of radioimmunoassay, while serum concentrations of total cortisol, thyrotropin, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, progesterone, testosterone, insulin, C-peptide, and somatotropin were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. The research demonstrated that in 2/3 of the examined employees of the pulp and paper mill the adaptation mechanisms were under strain, while the condition of two subjects corresponded to the physiological norm, which is characterized by good and satisfactory adaptation. Workers with decreased adaptive capabilities to the point of unsatisfactory adaptation showed increased levels of cortisol, thyroxine-binding globulin, oestradiol, C-peptide, and insulin against the background of a decrease in testosterone, progesterone, and the testosterone/oestradiol ratio. The authors recommend conducting periodic medical examinations of pulp and paper workers, including endocrine profile assessment, and monitoring changes that occur over time.
- Published
- 2021
10. #lets-discuss: Analyzing Student Affect in Course Forums Using Emoji
- Author
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Blobstein, Ariel, Gal, Kobi, Kim, Hyunsoo Gloria, Facciotti, Marc, Karger, David, and Sripathi, Kamali
- Abstract
Emoji are commonly used in social media to convey attitudes and emotions. While popular, their use in educational contexts has been sparsely studied. This paper reports on the students' use of emoji in an online course forum in which students annotate and discuss course material in the margins of the online textbook. For this study, instructors created 11 custom emoji-hashtag pairs that enabled students to quickly communicate affects and reactions in the forum that they experienced while interacting with the course material. Example reporting includes, inviting discussion about a topic, declaring a topic as interesting, or requesting assistance about a topic. We analyze emoji usage by over 1,800 students enrolled in multiple offerings of the same course across multiple academic terms. The data show that some emoji frequently appear together in posts associated with the same paragraphs, suggesting that students use the emoji in this way to communicating complex affective states. We explore the use of computational models for predicting emoji at the post level, even when posts are lacking emoji. This capability can allow instructors to infer information about students' affective states during their "at home" interactions with course readings. Finally, we show that partitioning the emoji into distinct groups, rather than trying to predict individual emoji, can be both of pedagogical value to instructors and improve the predictive performance of our approach using the BERT language model. Our procedure can be generalized to other courses and for the benefit of other instructors. [For the full proceedings, see ED623995.]
- Published
- 2022
11. A Thematic Analysis of HBCU Biology Program Mission Statements
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Verleen McSween and Kiyarra Sealey
- Abstract
Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) demonstrate success in facilitating pathways for STEM graduates into the STEM workforce, and this phenomenon has been widely documented (Gasman & Nguyen, 2014; Upton & Tanenbaum, 2014; Clewell et al., 2016). Although thematic analysis of the mission statements of HBCUs at the institutional level have been conducted (Albritton, 2012; Bryan & Stewart, 2016), similar analysis has not been conducted at the departmental or program level of many discipline- specific STEM areas at HBCUs. In the present thematic analysis, departmental and programmatic mission statements in biology at 28 HBCUs were evaluated to determine the emergent themes that characterize and potentially contribute to student retention and success in biology at HBCUs. Among all Carnegie classes, the 2 most frequent themes included: STEM/ Healthcare Workforce Preparation and Skill Development. The 2 least frequent themes were Diversity & Inclusion and non- STEM Student Science Education. This emphasis on workforce preparation and skill development at the level of the academic unit may provide additional insight into the success of HBCUs in facilitating pathways for URM graduates into advanced training programs and promoting retention of URM professionals in the STEM workforce. [For the full proceedings, see ED652228.]
- Published
- 2023
12. Examining Lebanese Secondary Students' Biology Learning Loss Due to the Economic Crisis and COVID-19 Pandemic
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Shaaban, Eman
- Abstract
The economic crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic since 2019 forced both public and private schools in Lebanon to close for an extended period of time. Many topics were suspended from the curriculum due to decreasing the number of learning days. The predominant causes of learning loss are lengthy gaps or cutouts in students' education. This study aims to investigate the impact of school closure on students' learning, specifically the learning loss in biology at the secondary level during the period between 2019-2022. This is a mixed research: qualitative data was collected through document analysis to compare the topics covered in biology and the official exams for grade 12-Life Science section during the last two academic years with those covered and implemented before the dual crisis; and quantitative data through teachers' questionnaire implemented to address the biology learning loss. The results revealed a huge learning loss in biology, more than 50 % of the biology program was not covered in grades 10, 11-S and 12-LS, and a decline in the quality of the official exams. Similar results were obtained in a parallel study addressing Lebanese secondary students' learning loss in mathematics. [This research was presented at ICSES conference held in Antalya between 10 and 13 November, 2022.]
- Published
- 2023
13. The Effectiveness of an Interdisciplinary Approach in Biology Teaching in Primary School: A Comparison with Monodisciplinary Approach
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Županec, Vera, Lazarevic, Tihomir, Sekulic, Vanja, and Pribicevic, Tijana
- Abstract
Interdisciplinary teaching and learning is an approach that synthesizes the curricular objectives and methods of two or more disciplines or subjects focusing on a specific topic or issue. While it is being increasingly implemented in universities, at lower levels of education there are still countries where science subjects are taught and learned fragmentarily. To assess the significance of the interdisciplinary approach in primary school biology teaching, the paper aims at an experimental verification of the effectiveness of this method in relation to the quality and retention of student knowledge, compared to the monodisciplinary approach to teaching and learning biology. The paper also describes a scenario for teaching a topic in which biological and geographical contents correlate. The study applied a pedagogical experiment with parallel groups. In total, 180 students attending two primary schools in the city of Novi Sad participated in the experiment and were divided into an experimental and a control group. The findings suggest that the interdisciplinary approach improved the quality and retention of student knowledge. The experimental group was more successful in completing tasks that required comprehension and practical application of knowledge. The study thus emphasizes the need for a professional curriculum development that would enhance the interdisciplinary correlation of various disciplines.
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- 2023
14. Linking Inclusive Narratives to Create STEM Synergy (LINCSS): A Framework for Culturally Responsive STEM Education and Engagement
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Chavarria, Sara P. and Knox, Corey
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This paper introduces a novel framework aimed at supporting non-education faculty and facilitators in creating inclusive educational programs and learning opportunities that address the needs, interests, and priorities of underrepresented individuals and communities in the field of STEM. The framework centers on the fundamental concept of understanding the learner's "why" to assist faculty in developing effective teaching strategies. The article outlines how this framework can be applied in various academic settings and contexts and provides educators and program facilitators with guidance to foster meaningful student connections. Each element of the framework is discussed, accompanied by a set of reflective questions that encourage educators to rethink and redesign their educational experiences. Furthermore, the paper illustrates the practical application of the framework through three distinct case studies that include a project-based learning program for high school students, a college undergraduate STEM course, and a summer research experience for undergraduates. By employing this framework, educators and facilitators can enhance their pedagogical practices, ensuring that traditionally marginalized voices and perspectives are elevated, acknowledged, and valued within STEM education. Ultimately, this work can contribute to a more equitable and inclusive educational landscape, fostering increased engagement and success among underrepresented learners in STEM fields.
- Published
- 2023
15. The Effect of Teacher Job Satisfaction on Learners' Academic Success in Biology
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Issah Ibrahim
- Abstract
This study sought to ascertain how job satisfaction affected learners' biology achievement in the New Juaben North District. The study's methodology was a survey design. The participants in the study are head teachers of senior high schools and teachers of biology in the district. To choose the participants for this particular research, purposive and random samplings were used. 84 individuals composed of the sample size, including 4 school heads and 80 biology teachers were used for this particular study. The main tool for data collection was a structured questionnaire, and the data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). According to the data analysis, 72.62% (61) of respondents were of the believed that changing teachers' working circumstances will have a favorable impact on students' academic achievement. Again, half of the biology teachers 32% (40) were of the view that their pay is insufficient and some must be done about it. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]
- Published
- 2023
16. An Examination of Reproduction and Development in Secondary School Biology Curricula: Türkiye and Germany
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Sena Seçil Akpinarli and Salih Levent Turan
- Abstract
Biology, a living science, is known as a balance and complement among other branches of science. Just like the science of biology, biology as a course also plays a very important role among other courses at all school types and grades. It is thought that the adults of the future should not be deprived of knowledge in the field of biology and should use every correct information they have acquired in their daily life to overcome related problems they may encounter. For the change that occurs in the individual's life to be permanent, the way to effective education is through a curriculum developed with socio-cultural, scientific and technological developments, taking into account the conditions of t he country. For example, comparing other countries' educational practices and curricula based on the results from international assessments such as PISA TIMSS. According to the PISA science scores (2018), Germany has performed above the average determined by the OECD. Therefore, current education programs in Munich are discussed as an example in this research. This study adopted document analysis, one of the qualitative research methods, as the methodology. The "2018 Secondary Education Biology (9, 10, 11 and 12th Grades) Curriculum" published by the Ministry of National Education in Türkiye and the "Biology Curriculum of Germany" published by Kultusministerkonferenz were examined. While examining the documents in the study, they were subjected to content analysis. According to the findings, as in Bavaria, instead of encouraging rote learning regarding these topics for the sole purpose of university entrance purposes, Türkiye should include in curricula or teach in seminars the social and ethical aspects of HIV/AIDS, sexual/reproductive health, adolescent development, transmission and prevention of diseases, reproductive drug diagnostics, biomedical processes, opportunities, and risks. As a result, there are some differences in terms of content in the curriculum of both countries. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]
- Published
- 2023
17. A Study on the Users' Experience in Learning Using a Virtual Reality Laboratory for Medical Sciences
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Nur Effatul Fairuz Zainal Apandi, Nur Azlina Mohamed Mokmin, and Regania Pasca Rassy
- Abstract
As a result of the worldwide dissemination of COVID-19, educational institutions across the globe, particularly those that serve students in the field of science, have been mandated to close their doors. Consequently, educators and students have increasingly relied on educational technology to obtain a diverse array of resources. This research aims to construct a science laboratory in virtual reality by employing the ADDIE Methodology, a well-established structure for designing instructional programs. Additionally, the study aims to evaluate the impact of the virtual reality laboratory on the level of immersion that 37 science students experienced during the learning process. This evaluation will compare the students' sense of presence before and after utilizing the facility. The concept of presence within the context of virtual reality (VR) pertains to the experience of being fully immersed in a digital environment, such that the user's cognitive processes interpret it as being authentic. The degree of immersion users perceive substantially impacts their engagement, conduct, and affective responses while engaging with virtual reality. For this experimental investigation, the participants were segregated into two distinct cohorts. Group 1 consisted of twenty participants who viewed scientific films in two dimensions, whereas Group 2 comprised seventeen participants who engaged in science education through a virtual reality laboratory. The findings suggest a significant presence in both cohorts, with the virtual reality (VR) cohort exhibiting superior performance compared to the other group. The present study offers significant findings for educators and software developers engaged in creating virtual reality (VR) resources for science instruction. In forthcoming studies of instructional technology that utilize virtual reality, it is suggested that cognitive load be scrutinized as a variable. In general, this research adds to the increasing corpus of evidence that showcases the favorable and comprehensive impacts of immersive learning in education. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]
- Published
- 2023
18. The Effect of a Teacher's Qualifications and Work Experience on Learners' Achievement in Biology
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Issah Ibrahim and John K. Eminah
- Abstract
The study tried to ascertain the impact of instructors' credentials and professional expertise on students' biology achievement in Birim Central Municipality, Eastern Region, Ghana. The study used survey design. The respondents were chosen using simple and selective probability sampling. 80 biology teachers and four head teachers gave us the 84-sample size. A questionnaire served as the main research tool, and the data analysis was accomplished with the help of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Many respondents (60.7%) firmly agreed that teachers who possess superior knowledge and skills are better able to instruct students. Majority of those surveyed strongly agreed that experienced teachers are more understanding whenever it involves dealing with behavioral issues of children. This study was intended to considerably add to knowledge in order to enhance students' biology performance and comprehension. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]
- Published
- 2023
19. Project-Based Learning: Teachers' Perception & Learners' Preparedness
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Yelena Minayeva, Larissa Sugralina, Lyazat Salkeeva, Aiman Omasheva, Veronika Erzyamkina, and Svetlana Puchaikina
- Abstract
Earlier at the ICRES 2022 we discussed readiness of teachers of the Chemistry Faculty of the Karaganda Buketov University for the student-centered learning approach lately implemented at the Kazakhstani universities. In particular, we studied the progress made by academic staff in mastering interactive lecturing, case-study, problem-based learning etc. In this study we focus on project-based learning (PBL) and reveal teachers' perceptions regarding the method benefits and challenges as well as preparedness for learning by doing from students' perspective. Academic staff of four Departments as well as students and Master students admitted in such educational programs as "Chemistry", "Chemistry-Biology" and "Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Engineering" were involved in our study. These educational programs train both future teachers and technologists. It was crucial to analyze how both undergraduates and postgraduates of different training programs evaluate the project method efficiency in mastering knowledge in chemical disciplines. Surveys of educators and learners were conducted. The collected data was processed and analyzed. The research results show that the academic staff and learners of the Faculty of Chemistry understand PBL from both positive and negative perspectives. The findings can be beneficial for teachers and students, as they will help them to reflect on their own practice in this educational strategy. There has been demonstrated the need for further research in this direction to better understand teachers' and learners' demands in order to improve the method application at the universities in Kazakhstan. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]
- Published
- 2023
20. Implementation and Student Perceptions of OneNote as an Electronic Laboratory Notebook in a General Biology Course
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Nyutu, Eva
- Abstract
Paper Laboratory Notebooks (PLNs) have been used for centuries to document and archive the thoughts and work of inventors, scientists, students, and engineers. PLNs are the first formal means of scientific communication we teach our students and, in turn, a student's first training on cultivating and expressing scientific thinking. In the science teaching laboratory, PLNs are at the forefront and serve various purposes for students in the science laboratory curriculum, like good documentation practices and accurate record keeping. This paper discusses the reasons for switching to OneNote ELN, the criteria for selecting OneNote ELN software, how OneNote ELN was introduced and used in the course, and students' opinions on using this ELN. We successfully implemented the OneNote ELN in our General Biology Laboratory II sequence course for biology majors and nonmajor students entering the health professions. Students had a generally favorable response to using the OneNote ELN; 98% of students agreed that ELNs enabled them to keep a well-maintained laboratory notebook. Overall, student experience with ELNs was positive, with 85% of students indicating that they would recommend other future science laboratory courses they will be taking to adopt the OneNote ELN. In general, the OneNote ELN was viewed more positively in many respects than the PLNs in ease of its usage, access and organizing the notebook.
- Published
- 2023
21. High School Students' Attitudes towards Learning Genetics and Belief in Genetic Determinism
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Merita Xhetani and Kristjana Lapi
- Abstract
Students in high school tend to find genetics difficult to learn because it requires some crosslinked knowledge about subjects like genes, proteins, cells, tissues as well as organs and systems. It also becomes more difficult to connect and explain concepts such as the gene expression at the level of the cell to conceptualize the effect of the gene at the level of the organism. On the other hand, despite the fact that molecular genetics has progressed rapidly, its reflection in textbooks or even the qualifications of teachers in relation to the latest findings in genetics, have not responded to this pace. Here we present a survey study of Albanian high school students (grades 10-12, ages 15-19) on their attitude study genetics and their beliefs towards genetic determinisms. A number of 274 students participated in the survey, from 8 different public and private schools in the country. The response rate was higher than 90% for each group, 58.4% of the respondents were females, 32.6 0% were males and 4.1% did not answer. The mean age of the respondents was 16.8 (± 1.8) years. Students found genetics interesting, and relevant but also a difficult topic in biology (respectively: 36.5%; 33.2%: 39.2%). Their responses showed positive attitudes towards gene technology and acceptance of the use of gene editing (51.4%). Students' perception of the utility of genetics did not differ among them; female and male students had significantly different responses along attitude factors, however liking genetics was the only factor without gender difference. Our study suggests that in general students liked to study genetics and they had mostly favorable attitude towards gene technology. They are not completely convinced of genetic determinism; this is also made possible by updated books. A complete study combining the textbooks, the knowledge of the teachers, and their approaches are needed. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]
- Published
- 2023
22. The respiratory metabolism of overwintering paper wasp gynes ( Polistes dominula and Polistes gallicus )
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Helmut Käfer, Anton Stabentheiner, Helmut Kovac, and Iacopo Petrocelli
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Paper wasp ,Physiology ,Insect Science ,Respiratory metabolism ,Zoology ,Biology ,Polistes gallicus ,biology.organism_classification ,Polistes dominula ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Overwintering - Published
- 2021
23. A comparative fiber morphological analysis of major agricultural residues (used or investigated) as feedstock in the pulp and paper industry
- Author
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Zoltán Börcsök, Levente Csóka, Vladimír Gryc, Kyriaki Giagli, Zoltán Pásztory, and Dimitrios Tsalagkas
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Environmental Engineering ,biology ,Chemistry ,Pulp (paper) ,Bioengineering ,Miscanthus ,engineering.material ,biology.organism_classification ,Sunflower ,Husk ,Animal science ,Stalk ,Hardwood ,engineering ,Fiber ,Bagasse ,Waste Management and Disposal - Abstract
The suitabilities of major agricultural residues were assessed as papermaking feedstocks. All the examined agricultural residues were assumed as potential candidates for substituting hardwood fibers in mixed pulp blends from a fiber morphological perspective. Wheat, barley, rice, rapeseed, maize, sunflower, sugarcane bagasse, coconut husk, and two genotypes of miscanthus grass underwent identical maceration. The fiber length, fiber width, cell wall thickness, and lumen diameter were measured to calculate the slenderness ratio, flexibility coefficient, and Runkel ratio. The average fiber length ranged from 0.50 mm ± 0.32 mm (MG-S-02-V) to 1.15 mm mm ± 0.58 mm (sugarcane bagasse). The fiber width ranged from 10.77 μm ± 3.28 μm (rice straw) to 22.99 mm ± 5.20 mm (sunflower stalk). The lumen diameter ranged from 4.52 μm ± 2.52 μm (rice straw) to 13.23 μm ± 4.87 μm (sunflower stalk). The cell wall thickness ranged from 3.02 μm ± 0.95 μm (rice straw) to 4.80 μm ± 1.48 μm (sunflower stalk). The slenderness ratio, flexibility coefficient, and Runkel ratio values ranged between 28.08 to 58.11, 37.97 to 60.8, and 0.62 to 1.68, respectively. Wheat, maize, rapeseed, sugarcane bagasse, and coconut husk were found to be appropriate residue sources for papermaking feedstocks.
- Published
- 2021
24. Exploring Speededness in Pre-Reform GCSEs (2009 to 2016)
- Author
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Emma Walland
- Abstract
GCSE examinations (taken by students aged 16 years in England) are not intended to be speeded (i.e. to be partly a test of how quickly students can answer questions). However, there has been little research exploring this. The aim of this research was to explore the speededness of past GCSE written examinations, using only the data from scored responses to items from a sample of 340 GCSE components. Speededness was calculated as the average (mean) percentage marks lost from the longest string of unanswered items at the end of each student's examination paper. The potential impact of student ability on examination completion patterns was taken into account. The data suggested that most GCSEs analysed were unlikely to have been speeded. This method of exploring the speededness of exams using only scored responses has potential (although there are limitations), and it can flag potentially problematic components for further investigation.
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Integrating Biology and Mathematics Using IMS-TEAM Framework
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Duygu Sönmez
- Abstract
STEM education is on demand more than ever as the workforce relies on 21st century skills and STEM disciplines. This paper presents a framework (IMS-TEAM) for integration of mathematics and science with the use of technology and modeling in an authentic context. The activity based on this framework is designed for and implemented with forty-four 8th grade students in Turkey. The study was conducted to investigate the impact of the activity as well as the IMS-TEAM framework. A qualitative methodology was utilized. Data analysis revealed that different components of our conceptual framework fostered the integration of mathematics and science affecting the nature of students' engagement with the activity. Different frameworks are required to be adapted to different environments with the consideration of learners and teachers. Future research investigating the effectiveness of IMS-TEAM framework adapted to different content and disciplines would provide more evidence on the effectiveness of the framework.
- Published
- 2024
26. Paper mulberry fruit juice: a novel biomass resource for bioethanol production
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Deng Shihuai, Mei Huang, Fei Shen, Qin Jiang, Yongmei Zeng, Dong Tian, Li Zhao, and Pleasure Chisom Ajayo
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Optimization ,Technology ,Resource (biology) ,biology ,Ethanol conversion ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemical technology ,Nutrient screening ,Paper mulberry ,Biomedical Engineering ,Biomass ,TP1-1185 ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry ,Response surface methodology ,Biofuel ,Environmental science ,Production (economics) ,Fruit juice ,1G feedstock ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Food Science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
By way of broadening the use of diverse sustainable bioethanol feedstocks, the potentials of Paper mulberry fruit juice (PMFJ), as a non-food, sugar-based substrate, were evaluated for fuel ethanol production. The suitability of PMFJ was proven, as maximum ethanol concentration (56.4 g/L) and yield (0.39 g/g) were achieved within half a day of the start of fermentation, corresponding to very high ethanol productivity of 4.7 g/L/hr. The established potentials were further optimally maximized through the response surface methodology (RSM). At the optimal temperature of 30 °C, yeast concentration of 0.55 g/L, and pH of 5, ethanol concentration, productivity, and yield obtained were 73.69 g/L, 4.61 g/L/hr, and 0.48 g/g, respectively. Under these ideal conditions, diverse metal salts were afterward screened for their effects on PMFJ fermentation. Based on a two-level fractional factorial design, nutrient addition had no positive impact on ethanol production. Thus, under the optimal process conditions, and without any external nutrient supplementation, bioethanol from PMFJ compared favorably with typical sugar-based energy crops, highlighting its resourcefulness as a high-value biomass resource for fuel ethanol production. Graphical Abstract
- Published
- 2022
27. Baroque biology (paper theatre).
- Author
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Willet, Jennifer
- Subjects
BIOLOGY ,VIGNETTES ,AGAR ,AESTHETICS ,BACTERIA - Abstract
In the photographic series Baroque Biology Paper Theatre (2019), Jennifer Willet enages with GMO bacteria growing in LB Agar petri dishes. Each plate presents imaginary biological vignettes where non-human organisms teach humans complex biotechnological processes. In this work, living bacteria cultures serve as collaborators in the creative process creating artworks that are both sublime and disgusting. Baroque Biology (Paper Theatre) presents a series of biotechnological vignettes where I reimagine laboratory aesthetics as feminine, gawdy, and fantastical in direct contradiction to the norms of contemporary scientific practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
28. A Customized Microfluidic Paper-Based Platform for Colorimetric Immunosensing: Demonstrated via hCG Assay for Pregnancy Test
- Author
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Mahroo Baharfar, Guozhen Liu, Siyi Zou, and Mohammad Rahbar
- Subjects
Pregnancy test ,Paper ,Analyte ,Chorionic gonadotrophin ,Pregnancy Tests ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Microfluidics ,Biomedical Engineering ,Early pregnancy factor ,02 engineering and technology ,microfluidic paper-based analytical devices ,point-of-care testing ,human chorionic gonadotrophin ,colorimetric detection ,immunosensing ,pregnancy test ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Analytical Chemistry ,Home pregnancy tests ,Pregnancy ,Humans ,Instrumentation ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Immunoassay ,Chromatography ,biology ,Filter paper ,Chemistry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,General Medicine ,Paper based ,Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,biology.protein ,Colorimetry ,Female ,0210 nano-technology ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Over the past decades, paper-based lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) have been extensively developed for rapid, facile, and low-cost detection of a wide array of target analytes in a point-of-care manner. Conventional home pregnancy tests are the most significant example of LFAs, which detect elevated concentrations of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) in body fluids to identify early pregnancy. In this work, we have upgraded these platforms to a higher version by developing a customized microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD), as the new generation of paper-based point-of-care platforms, for colorimetric immunosensing. This will offer a cost-efficient and environmentally friendly alternative platform for paper-based immunosensing, eliminating the need for nitrocellulose (NC) membrane as the substrate material. The performance of the developed platform is demonstrated by detection of hCG (as a model case) in urine samples and subsequently indicating positive or negative pregnancy. A dual-functional silane-based composite was used to treat filter paper in order to enhance the colorimetric signal intensity in the detection zones of μPADs. In addition, microfluidic pathways were designed in a manner to provide the desired regulated fluid flow, generating sufficient incubation time (delays) at the designated detection zones, and consequently enhancing the obtained signal intensity. The presented approaches allow to overcome the existing limitations of μPADs in immunosensing and will broaden their applicability to a wider range of assays. Although, the application of the developed hCG μPAD assay is mainly in qualitative (i.e., positive or negative) detection of pregnancy, the semi-quantitative measurement of hCG was also investigated, indicating the viability of this assay for sensitive detection of the target hCG analyte within the related physiological range (i.e., 10–500 ng/mL) with a LOD value down to 10 ng/mL.
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- 2021
29. The Effects of Iron Rust on the Ageing of Woods and Their Derived Pulp Paper
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Mourad F. Mohamed, Yahia G. D. Fares, Ayman S. Taha, Mohamed Z. M. Salem, Martin Böhm, Ramadan A. Nasser, Vojtěch Pommer, and Wael A. A. Abo Elgat
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iron rust ,mechanical properties ,wood pulp ,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ,accelerated ageing ,Polymers and Plastics ,Organic chemistry ,engineering.material ,Pinus rigida ,Article ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,QD241-441 ,Ultimate tensile strength ,Lignin ,Aspergillus terreus ,Cellulose ,biology ,Pulp (paper) ,General Chemistry ,biology.organism_classification ,Horticulture ,chemistry ,Tectona ,engineering ,Kraft paper - Abstract
The accelerated ageing of wood in terms of heating or iron rusting has a potential effect on the physio-mechanical, chemical and biological properties of wood. The effects of accelerated ageing on the mechanical, physical and fungal activity properties of some wood materials (Schinus terebinthifolius, Erythrina humeana, Tectona grandis, Pinus rigida and Juglans nigra) were studied after several cycles of heating and iron rusting. The fungal activity was assayed against the growth of Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium culmorum and Stemphylium solani. In addition, the mechanical and optical properties of paper sheets produced from those wood pulps by means of Kraft cooking were evaluated. The mechanical and chemical properties of the studied wood species were affected significantly (p < 0.05) by the accelerated ageing, compared to control woods. With Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, we detected an increase in the intensity of the spectra of the functional groups of cellulose in the heated samples, which indicates an increase in cellulose content and decrease in lignin content, compared to other chemical compounds. For pulp properties, woods treated by heating showed a decrease in the pulp yield. The highest significant values of tensile strength were observed in pulp paper produced from untreated, heated and iron-rusted P. rigida wood and they were 69.66, 65.66 and 68.33 N·m/g, respectively; we calculated the tear resistance from pulp paper of untreated P. rigida (8.68 mN·m2/g) and T. grandis (7.83 mN·m2/g) and rusted P. rigida (7.56 mN·m2/g) wood; we obtained the values of the burst strength of the pulp paper of untreated woods of P. rigida (8.19 kPa·m2/g) and T. grandis (7.49 kPa·m2/g), as well as the fold number of the pulp paper of untreated, heated and rusted woods from P. rigida, with values of 195.66, 186.33 and 185.66, respectively. After 14 days from the incubation, no fungal inhibition zones were observed. Accelerated ageing (heated or iron-rusted) produced significant effects on the mechanical and chemical properties of the studied wood species and affected the properties of the produced pulp paper.
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- 2021
30. Succession of enzymes and microbial biomarkers in the process of vermicomposting: An insight towards valorization of toxic paper mill wastes using Perionyx excavatus (Oligochaeta; Perrier, 1872)
- Author
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Susanta Kumar Chakraborty and Ram Kumar Ganguly
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,biology ,Chemistry ,business.industry ,Bioconversion ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Earthworm ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Paper mill ,engineering.material ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry ,Pollution ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Bioremediation ,Perionyx excavatus ,engineering ,Valorisation ,business ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Vermicompost ,Cow dung ,Water Science and Technology ,Research Article - Abstract
PURPOSE: Main insight of the study was to evaluate the potential of Perionyx excavatus, an indigenous earthworm of India towards bioconversion of toxic paper mill wastes. The study had considered a comprehensive study over succession of different enzymes and microbial biomasses alongside removal of heavy metals to reflect the qualitative enrichment of the toxic waste through valorisation procedure. METHODS: The process of vermicomposting was performed using ratio of paper mill sludge: cow dung: straw as 5:4:1 and Perionyx excavatus for a period of 60 days. Qualitative enrichment was considered through detailed evaluation of physicochemical parameters and succession of 19 enzymes using API ZYM technology. Heavy metal loads in terms of Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb along with bioaccumulation factor (BAF) were considered to establish functional role of earthworm in bioremediation. Microbial succession was measured in terms of PLFA biomarkers. RESULTS: Enzymatic enrichment of different isozymes of esterase, aminopeptidase and glycosyl hydrolase were found in the vermicompost. A significant reduction of heavy metals was noticed in vermicomposting of primary sludge as Zn > Pb > Cr > Cu and secondary sludge as Zn > Pb > Cu > Cr. An increase in density of Gram positive bacterial and fungal populations was found at the end phase of vermicomposting process which supports maturity of vermicompost. CONCLUSION: Presence of different enzyme activities, reduction of heavy metal loads along with rise of eukaryotic PLFA markers, had illustrated the efficiency of vermicomposting as a valorisation procedure in the qualitative enrichment of toxic organic paper mill sludge.
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- 2021
31. Successive Saccharification of Waste Paper as a Resource for Bio-product Development
- Author
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J. P.H. van Wyk and K. M.P. Mokatse
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Science (General) ,Resource (biology) ,Environmental effects of industries and plants ,Waste management ,biology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,saccharification waste paper trichoderma viride cellulase ,Trichoderma viride ,Waste paper ,Cellulase ,TD194-195 ,biology.organism_classification ,Q1-390 ,Hydrolysis ,New product development ,biology.protein ,Environmental science ,business ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Environmental pollution and the exploitation of fossil-based products are topical issues that should be a matter of concern to the global population. The production of bio-based substances from waste biomass is a way to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and limit environmental pollution. Enzymatic catalysed saccharification of cellulose is an important step for the bio-conversion of biomass such as waste paper into glucose that could be utilized as a feedstock for the production of value added bioproducts and this process can also be considered as an alternative route of waste management. During this study, fresh cellulase enzyme from Trichoderma viride was incubated separately with seven different waste paper materials during twelve successive incubation periods of 2 h each. The amount of sugar released from each paper material during each incubation period was determined. The highest sugar concentration released from each paper materials was produced during the first incubation period except the filter paper for which the highest amount of sugar was produced during the 9th period of incubation. During these optimum sugar producing incubation periods the highest total sugar concentration was released from brown envelope paper (3.3 mg.mL-1 followed by foolscap paper (3.0 mg.mL-1) and office paper (2.8 mg.mL-1) while the lowest amount of sugar was released from Pick ’n Pay paper (0.6 mg.mL-1). The relative saccharification percentage was also calculated which showed that filter paper produced the highest amounts of sugar followed by newspaper, and foolscap paper with advertising paper from a retailer. Pick ’n Pay offered the highest resistance towards cellulase catalysed bio-conversion into sugar.
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- 2021
32. Frequency and Content of the Last Fifty Years of Papers on Aristotle’s Writings on Biological Phenomena
- Author
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Christopher F. Sharpley and Clemens Koehn
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Insecta ,History and Philosophy of Science ,Writing ,Animals ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Biology ,Biological Phenomena - Abstract
Aristotle is often named as the first zoologist or biologist because of his writings on animals. Although Aristotle’s major intention in these books was to illustrate his ideas of how knowledge and understanding might advance, at least one modern biologist (C. Darwin) has recognized Aristotle's depth and breadth as being of surviving merit. Of greater surprise is the ongoing attention that his works continue to receive, including publications in contemporary scientific journals. This review identifies 38 peer-reviewed papers on various topics from Aristotle’s biological writings that have been published during the last 50 years. These papers are described according to content (genetics, population biology, anatomy, brain, movement), specific creatures (fish, scorpions, elephants, insects, birds), publication outlet, distribution over the fifty year period surveyed, and visible trends in the topics studied. It is concluded that, in the highly-competitive field of peer-reviewed scientific publication and citation, Aristotle's biology continues to excite the interest of scientists and remains salient to modern science itself.
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- 2022
33. Plasmodium falciparum Allelic Diversity: A Comparison of DNA Extraction from Isolates Collected on Rapid Diagnostic Tests (Rdts) and Filter Paper
- Author
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Denise Patricia Mawili-Mboumba, Marie Louise Tshibola Mbuyi, Marielle K. Bouyou-Akotet, and Noe Patrick M’bondoukwe
- Subjects
Genetics ,Genetic diversity ,biology ,Filter paper ,Rapid diagnostic tests ,Diagnostic test ,Plasmodium falciparum ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,DNA ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,DNA extraction ,Malaria ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Infectious Diseases ,chemistry ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Original Article ,Parasitology ,Allelic diversity - Abstract
Background: To perform molecular epidemiologic studies based on large cohorts, material such as RDTs or filter papers are useful for biological sample collection and extraction of RNA or DNA of good quality. Thus, we aimed to assess the quality of DNA extracted from malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) stored at various temperatures for the analysis of Plasmodium falciparum genetic diversity. Methods: Febrile patients benefitted from free malaria diagnosis using microscopy in a malaria sentinel site, at the Regional Hospital Estuaire-Melen, in Gabon, in 2015. P. falciparum isolates were collected onto one filter paper and 2 similar RDTs devices (Acon®) per patient. Nucleic acids were extracted with QiAmp Qiagen kit from paper and RDTs and the quality of the DNA was analyzed by msp1 gene amplification. Results: Msp1gene amplification was achieved in nucleic acids extracted from all filter papers and RDTs devices (n = 45, 100%). K1 alleles were detected in 93.3% (n = 42/45) of the samples and Mad20 alleles in 73.3% (n = 33/45). The number and the intensity of K1 and/or Mad20 fragments were comparable according to the sample collection material and the storage conditions (room temperature vs -20°C) of the samples. The size of the fragments indicating allelic diversity was comparable in 80% (n=36) of the samples. Conclusion: These data show that RDTs are a valuable source of DNA for malaria parasite genetic polymorphism analysis. Storage conditions of the devices did not influence the quality of DNA extracted from RDTs device, although some alleles may be missed.
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- 2021
34. Effects of Paper Mulberry Silage on the Growth Performance, Rumen Microbiota and Muscle Fatty Acid Composition in Hu Lambs
- Author
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Fei Chen, Kuikui Ni, Xiaomei Li, Fuyu Yang, Xianwen Dong, Chunze Guo, Yi Xiong, and Lin Wang
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,paper mulberry ,TP500-660 ,biology ,Silage ,Fermentation industries. Beverages. Alcohol ,Fatty acid ,rumen bacteria ,Forage ,Plant Science ,Broussonetia ,biology.organism_classification ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous) ,lambs ,fatty acids ,Rumen ,Acetic acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animal science ,chemistry ,Eubacterium ,Dry matter ,silage ,Food Science - Abstract
Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera) is widely ensiled to feed sheep in southwestern China, as unconventional woody forage. Feeding lambs with paper mulberry silage (PMS) may improve certain feeding characteristics, thereby affecting the growth performance and meat quality. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of four diets of PMS on growth performance, rumen microbial composition, and muscle fatty acids profile in Hu lambs. The results showed that 30% and 40% PMS increased the dry matter intake and average daily gain of Hu lambs compared to the control group. PMS30 and PMS40 increased the content of C24:1, and PMS40 increased the content of C20:5n-3. The content of microbial protein (MCP) was higher in PMS40 than in others, but PMS30 and PMS40 reduced the total volatile fatty acid in rumen. PMS30 significantly increased the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid. The abundance of ruminal Christensenellaceae_R-7_group and norank_f_Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group was significantly higher in PMS30 and PMS40 groups. Moreover, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group had a significant positive correlation with n3-polyunsaturated fatty acid. PMS40 might lead to a relatively high content of unsaturated fatty acids in longissimus dorsi muscle by increasing the relative abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group in rumen.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Hemarthria compressa—Aspergillus niger—Trichoderma pseudokoningii Mediated Trilateral Perspective for Bioremediation and Detoxification of Industrial Paper Sludge
- Author
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Aasma Tufail, Sheza Ayaz Khilji, Mohamed Hashem, Zahoor Ahmad Sajid, Saad Alamri, Muhammad Aqeel, Khalid Awadh Al-Mutairi, Noreen Khalid, Ameena A. Al-Surhanee, Muhammad Faisal Maqsood, and Ali Noman
- Subjects
Geography, Planning and Development ,TJ807-830 ,phytoremediation ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,engineering.material ,TD194-195 ,Renewable energy sources ,Superoxide dismutase ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Bioremediation ,GE1-350 ,heavy metals ,Aspergillus niger ,biology ,Environmental effects of industries and plants ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,paper sludge ,biology.organism_classification ,Environmental sciences ,Horticulture ,Phytoremediation ,chemistry ,Catalase ,Chlorophyll ,Shoot ,biology.protein ,engineering ,Fertilizer ,microbes - Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of different fungal species on the metal uptake from paper sludge by Hemarthria compressa L. Paper sludge (PS) in various concentrations (0, 30% and 60%) were used with four treatments of two fungal species (F0 = Control, F1 = Aspergillus niger, F2 = Trichoderma pseudokoningii, F3 = A. niger + T. pseudokoningii). Paper sludge as rooting medium steadily influenced growth and physio-biochemical attributes of H. compressa in F0. Results revealed discrete variations in growth attributes with different PS concentrations and each fungal treatment. The maximum damages in ionic homeostasis (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) due to PS toxicity were evident in parallel with declined chlorophyll concentration. The highest growth, total chlorophyll and biomass of the plants were observed when PS was treated with combined fungal strains (F3). Translocation factor decreased with F3 that is indicative of changes in Cd, Pb, and Cu movement to shoot from root. The plants with combined fungal treatment also showed greater catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) activity. Ions, such as Ca, Mg, and Na, also increased gradually with combined fungal treatment. The correlation matrix displayed a close association among diverse fungal and PS levels with multiple plant attributes. PCA-Biplot confirmed the outcome of correlational analyses among different characters of H. compressa. The combined fungal mediate the extraction of heavy metals from the paper sludge by H. compressa recommends the high accumulation of heavy metal (HM) and possible reutilization of metal free sludge as a fertilizer, for application in cultivated fields. Furthermore, the effects of fungal species on HM attenuation in PS are linear and can be used in different habitats. Advancement in such research work will also be helpful in understanding the mechanisms and enhancing the ability of other native microbes to remediate metals.
- Published
- 2021
36. Comprehensive Enhancement of Mechanical, Water-Repellent and Antimicrobial Properties of Regenerated Seaweed and Plant-Based Paper with Chitosan Coating
- Author
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Chaenyung Cha, Rabi Ibrahim Saleh, and Mirae Kim
- Subjects
Materials science ,Absorption of water ,engineering.material ,mechanical properties ,Polysaccharide ,regenerated paper ,Chitosan ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,non-wood plant ,Coating ,Algae ,antimicrobial effect ,Materials Chemistry ,Dissolution ,water repellency ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,Cationic polymerization ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,coating ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,Antimicrobial ,biology.organism_classification ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,seaweed ,engineering ,chitosan ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
Regenerated papers made from discarded natural sources, such as seaweeds or non-wood plants, are viewed as promising eco-friendly alternatives relative to conventional wood-based paper. However, due to its limited mechanical strength and higher water absorption than compared to traditional wood paper, it often results in premature structural disintegration. In order to overcome this limitation, this research introduces an efficient and comprehensive strategy of coating seaweed and plant papers with varying concentrations and molecular weights of chitosan. Increased concentration and molecular weight resulted in a greater amount of chitosan deposition, while the highest molecular weight also shows increased dissolution of soluble components of the paper. Since plants and seaweeds contain high anionic polysaccharide contents, the cationic chitosan shows high binding affinity towards paper. The resulting chitosan-coated papers demonstrate significant enhancements in water repellency and mechanical properties. In addition, the chitosan-coated papers also show significant bacterial inhibition effects due to the natural anti-microbial activity of chitosan.
- Published
- 2021
37. Isolation, Identification, and Selection of Bacteria With Proof-of-Concept for Bioaugmentation of Whitewater From Wood-Free Paper Mills
- Author
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Nada Verdel, Tomaž Rijavec, Iaroslav Rybkin, Anja Erzin, Žiga Velišček, Albin Pintar, and Aleš Lapanje
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,Bioaugmentation ,biology ,principal component analysis ,Papermaking ,Aeromonas, azo dye, bioaugmentation, principal component analysis, environmental microbiology, whitewater ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry ,Isolation (microbiology) ,Microbiology ,Polyvinyl alcohol ,QR1-502 ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Aeromonas ,Microbial ecology ,chemistry ,environmental microbiology ,Dissolved organic carbon ,azo dye ,whitewater ,bioaugmentation ,Bacteria ,Original Research - Abstract
In the wood-free paper industry, whitewater is usually a mixture of additives for paper production. We are currently lacking an efficient, cost-effective purification technology for their removal. In closed whitewater cycles the additives accumulate, causing adverse production problems, such as the formation of slime and pitch. The aim of our study was to find an effective bio-based strategy for whitewater treatment using a selection of indigenous bacterial isolates. We first obtained a large collection of bacterial isolates and then tested them individually by simple plate and spectrophotometric methods for their ability to degrade the papermaking additives, i.e., carbohydrates, resin acids, alkyl ketene dimers, polyvinyl alcohol, latex, and azo and fluorescent dyes. We examined correlation between carbon source use, genera, and inoculum source of isolates using two multivariate methods: principal component analysis and FreeViz projection. Of the 318 bacterial isolates, we selected a consortium of four strains (Xanthomonadales bacterium sp. CST37-CF, Sphingomonas sp. BLA14-CF, Cellulosimicrobium sp. AKD4-BF and Aeromonas sp. RES19-BTP) that degrade the entire spectrum of tested additives by means of dissolved organic carbon measurements. A proof-of-concept study on a pilot scale was then performed by immobilizing the artificial consortium of the four strains and inserting them into a 33-liter, tubular flow-through reactor with a retention time of < 15 h. The consortium caused an 88% reduction in the COD of the whitewater, even after 21 days., GREENER H2020
- Published
- 2021
38. Paper-Based Airborne Bacteria Collection and DNA Extraction Kit
- Author
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Min-Gon Kim, Joon Seok Lee, and Youngung Seok
- Subjects
DNA, Bacterial ,Air sampling ,Analyte ,Lysis ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Air Microbiology ,air monitoring ,Article ,Specimen Handling ,Air monitoring ,bio-aerosol ,airborne pathogens ,lateral flow strip ,Humans ,bacteria detection ,DNA extraction ,Bacteria ,Waste management ,biology ,Temperature ,General Medicine ,Paper based ,biology.organism_classification ,Bioterrorism ,Environmental science ,Sample collection ,environment ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Biotechnology - Abstract
The critical risk from airborne infectious diseases, bio-weapons, and harmful bacteria is currently the highest it has ever been in human history. The requirement for monitoring airborne pathogens has gradually increased to defend against bioterrorism or prevent pandemics, especially via simple and low-cost platforms which can be applied in resource-limited settings. Here, we developed a paper-based airborne bacteria collection and DNA extraction kit suitable for simple application with minimal instruments. Airborne sample collection and DNA extraction for PCR analysis were integrated in the paper kit. We created an easy-to-use paper-based air monitoring system using 3D printing technology combined with an air pump. The operation time of the entire process, comprising air sampling, bacterial cell lysis, purification and concentration of DNA, and elution of the DNA analyte, was within 20 min. All the investigations and optimum settings were tested in a custom-designed closed cabinet system. In the fabricated cabinet system, the paper kit operated effectively at a temperature of 25–35 °C and 30–70% relative humidity for air containing 10–106 CFU Staphylococcus aureus. This paper kit could be applied for simple, rapid, and cost-effective airborne pathogen monitoring.
- Published
- 2021
39. MEA-conversion of agro-wastes to paper-pulp: Optimization of pulping conditions
- Author
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Nelly A Ndukwe, Eunice Chinedum Chibudike, Nkemdilim Ifeanyi Obi, Olubamike Adetutu Adeyoju, and Henry Okwudili Chibudike
- Subjects
Materials science ,biology ,Agro-wastes ,Pulp Yield ,Catalysed-MEA ,Pulping Conditions ,EFB of Oil Palm ,Paper-pulp ,Pulp (paper) ,food and beverages ,Factorial experiment ,engineering.material ,Pulp and paper industry ,biology.organism_classification ,Kenaf ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Kraft process ,chemistry ,stomatognathic system ,engineering ,Lignin ,Fiber ,Black liquor ,Kraft paper - Abstract
This paper investigates the potentials of a novel environmental friendly pulping (Monoethanoleamine-MEA) process in comparison with conventional Soda and Kraft pulping processes in furnishing high yield pulp from agro-biomass for the formation Papers and other paper products. The pulping investigation had three (3) factors at three (3) different levels each: Factor 1, MEA concentration (50, 75 and 100%); Factor 2, cooking time (60, 90 and 120minutes); Factor 3, liquor-biomass ratio (4, 6 and 8) at a fixed temperature of 123±5oC. Consequently, the experimental design had 27 treatments (3×3×3) and 2 replicates. By using a central composite factorial design, equations relating the dependent variable (pulp yield) to the different independent variables (cooking temperature, cooking time and liquor concentration) were derived; reproducing the experimental result for the dependent variable with errors less than 15%. Models were evaluated to analyze the effect of experimental pulping conditions on pulp properties and evaluate the effect of these properties on furnished paper samples. Pulp Screened Yields was in the range of 42.45 to 49.18% calculated on oven dry (O.D) basis. The resultant pulps obtained from the cooking operation had very good appearance, exhibiting fairly bright color, with slow tendency to felt, thereby making drainage and consequent paper making time short. It is recommended that the cellulosic pulp obtained from MEA pulping of EFB is appropriate as virgin fiber for strengthening secondary fibers in recycled papers and also for developing certain types of writing, printing and packaging paper materials. Conclusive investigation on EFB fiber in this research study asserts that it has a promising future (when used in blend with certain long fiber plant i.e. kenaf) in substituting wood in the pulp, paper and fiber- board industry. Conclusive investigation also asserts from over-all parameter achieved that monoethanolamine-MEA when used as the main de-lignifying agent furnished pulp and subsequent paper with good strength properties that can adequately match those from conventional (i.e. kraft and soda) processes and because it works without the use of sulphur compounds, it attributes a particular benefit of simple MEA recovery by distillation, allowing black liquor combustion to be dispensed and the dissolved lignin recovered without negative impact on the environment.
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Technological potential of fibers from 20 Hevea brasiliensis clones for use as pulp, paper, and composite materials
- Author
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Mario Luiz Teixeira de Moraes, Miguel Luiz Menezes Freitas, Aline Delfino Germano, Rubens Francisco Pereira de Faria, João Roberto Menucelli, Franciane de Andrade Pádua, Eduardo Luiz Longui, Erick Phelipe Amorim, Marcela Aparecida de Moraes, Juraci de Andrade Barbosa, José Cambuim, and Paulo de Souza Gonçalves
- Subjects
Dimensiones de la fibra ,Índices de madera cualitativos ,Production cycle ,Espécie nativa ,engineering.material ,Calidad de la madera ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Qualidade da madeira ,Especies nativas ,Fiber ,Cellulose ,Fiber dimensions ,General Environmental Science ,Mathematics ,Wood quality ,biology ,Pulp (paper) ,Paper production ,Pulp and paper industry ,biology.organism_classification ,chemistry ,Índices qualitativos da madeira ,Qualitative wood indexes ,Dimensões das fibras ,engineering ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Hevea brasiliensis ,Native species - Abstract
Based on the use of Hevea brasiliensis in latex production, the species has a consolidated role in the Brazilian economy. However, at the end of the production cycle, which lasts from 25 to 30 years, resulting wood, in general, has no added value and is normally used for firewood, without further exploring its technological properties. Seeking to introduce this species into the pulp and paper industry, we aimed to determine the fiber quality of 20 commercial clones. Wood samples were collected from planted trees (11 to 12 years old) in the municipality of Selvíria - MS. We calculated wood quality indexes of H. brasiliensis for cellulose and paper, including Flexibility coefficient, Wall proportion, Runkel ratio, Slenderness ratio (Aspect ratio), and Luce's Shape Factor. The fiber quality indexes that best indicate the potential use of wood from Hevea brasiliensis clones for cellulose and paper production were Wall Fraction, Runkel Ratio and Luce's Shape Factor, indicating that H. brasiliensis fibers, if used for proper industrial purposes, will give origin of a rigid paper with greater bonding contact on the surface. The clones that presented better results for fiber quality indexes were IAC 311, IAC 41, IAN 873, IAC 326, IAC 40 and RRIM 725. Enabling the use of wood after the latex exploratory cycle for pulp and paper will serve as a basis for genetic improvement of these clones and expansion of forest plantations for this purpose. Atribuido al uso de Hevea brasiliensis en la producción de látex, una especie tiene un papel consolidado en la economía brasileña. Sin embargo, al final del ciclo de producción, que dura de 25 a 30 años, la madera resultante, por lo general, no tiene valor agregado y se utiliza normalmente en la producción de leña, sin conocimiento de sus propiedades tecnológicas. Con el objetivo de introducir esta especie en la industria de la pulpa y el papel, nos propusimos determinar la calidad de la fibra de 20 clones comerciales. Se recolectaron muestras de madera de árboles plantados (de 11 a 12 años) en la ciudad de Selvíria - MS. Calculamos los índices de calidad de la madera de H. brasiliensis para pulpa y papel: coeficiente de flexibilidad, fracción de pared, índice de Runkel, relación de esbeltez (relación de aspecto), factor de forma Luce. Los índices de calidad de la fibra que mejor indican el uso potencial de madera de clones de Hevea brasiliensis para la producción de celulosa y papel fueron: Wall Fraction, Runkel Ratio y Luce Form Factor, lo que indica que las fibras de la especie son utilizadas por los orígenes diseñados por la industria. a un papel rígido, con mayor contacto de unión en la superficie. Los clones con los mejores índices de calidad de fibra fueron IAC 311, IAC 41, IAN 873, IAC 326, IAC 40 y RRIM 725. Habilitar el uso de madera después del ciclo exploratorio del látex para pulpa y papel y servir como base para la mejora genética de clones y expansión de plantaciones forestales para estos metales. Devido ao uso de Hevea brasiliensis na produção de látex, a espécie tem um papel consolidado na economia brasileira. No entanto, ao final do ciclo produtivo, que dura de 25 a 30 anos, a madeira resultante, em geral, não apresenta valor agregado e é normalmente utilizada na produção de lenha, sem conhecimento de suas propriedades tecnológicas. Buscando introduzir esta espécie na indústria de celulose e papel, objetivamos determinar a qualidade das fibras de 20 clones comerciais. Amostras de madeira foram coletadas de árvores plantadas (11 a 12 anos) no município de Selvíria – MS. Calculamos os índices de qualidade da madeira de H. brasiliensis para celulose e papel: coeficiente de flexibilidade, fração de parede, índice de Runkel, razão esbeltez (razão de aspecto), fator de forma de Luce. Os índices de qualidade das fibras que melhor indicam o potencial emprego da madeira dos clones de Hevea brasiliensis para a produção de celulose e papel foram: Fração Parede, Razão Runkel e Fator de Forma de Luce, indicando que as fibras da espécie se utilizadas pela indústria dará origem a um papel rígido, com maior contato de união na superfície. Os clones que apresentaram melhores índices de qualidade das fibras foram IAC 311, IAC 41, IAN 873, IAC 326, IAC 40 e RRIM 725. Possibilitando a utilização da madeira pós ciclo exploratório do latéx para a celulose e papel e servindo de base para melhoramento genético desses clones e ampliação dos plantios florestais para essa finalidade.
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- 2021
41. A research paper on the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities of olive tree (Olea europaea L.) leaf
- Author
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BEYAZ, Seda, GÖK, Özlem, and ASLAN, Abdullah
- Subjects
Biophysics ,Plant Science ,Olive tree leaf ,Oleuropein ,Oxidative stress ,Polyphenol ,Saccharomyces cerevisiae ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,Biyoloji ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Olive tree (Olea europaea L.) leaf is known to have a number of bioactive properties being antioxidant, antihypertensive, antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiviral and antimicrobial. In this study, the immunomodulatory roles of Olive tree (Olea europaea L.) leaf against oxidative damage caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were investigated. In the study, four groups were formed; namely, (i) Control Group: Yeast only planted group; (ii) CCl4 Group: Group given CCl4 (15 mM); (iii) Olive Tree Leaf Group: The group given olive tree leaf (10%); and (iv) Olive Tree Leaf + CCl4 Group: Olive tree leaf (10%) + CCl4 (15 mM) given group. Cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were grown at 30 °C for 1, 3, 5, and 24 hours. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione levels (GSH), cell growth and catalase (CAT) activity measurements were determined by spectrophotometer. Total protein concentrations were determined by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and the Bradford protein method. According to the results obtained; compared to the CCl4 group, cell growth (1, 3, 5 and 24 hours), total protein synthesis, and GSH and CAT activities (24 hours) increased in olive tree leaf groups, while MDA level (24 hours) decreased. Thanks to its strong bioactive properties, olive tree leaf has been found to increase cell growth and total protein synthesis by decreasing CCl4 induced oxidative stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture. It has been concluded that if the olive tree leaf is used regularly, it will be beneficial in eliminating many health problems.
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- 2022
42. Color is necessary for specialized face learning in the Northern paper wasp, Polistes fuscatus
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Christopher M. Jernigan, Natalie C. Zaba, Michael J. Sheehan, Jay A. Stafstrom, and Caleb C. Vogt
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Paper wasp ,Polistes fuscatus ,biology ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Pattern recognition ,biology.organism_classification ,Facial recognition system ,Grayscale ,Brain region ,Face (geometry) ,Social experience ,Chromatic scale ,Artificial intelligence ,business - Abstract
Visual individual recognition requires animals to distinguish among conspecifics based on appearance. Though visual individual recognition has been reported in a range of taxa, the features that animals rely on to discriminate between individuals are often not well understood. Northern paper wasp females, Polistes fuscatus, possess individually distinctive color patterns on their faces, which mediate individual recognition. It is currently unclear what facial features P. fuscatus use to distinguish individuals. The anterior optic tubercle, a chromatic processing brain region, is especially sensitive to social experience during development, suggesting that color may be important for recognition in this species. We sought to test the roles of color in wasp facial recognition. Color may be important simply because it creates a pattern. If this is the case, then wasps should perform similarly when discriminating color or grayscale images of the same faces. Alternatively, color itself may be important for recognition, which would predict poorer performance on grayscale image discrimination relative to color images. We found wasps trained on grayscale faces, unlike those trained on color images, did not perform better than chance. Suggesting that color is necessary for the recognition of an image as a face by the wasp visual system.
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- 2021
43. Paper-based ELISA diagnosis technology for human brucellosis based on a multiepitope fusion protein
- Author
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Han Li, Hai Jiang, Mingjun Sun, Qiongqiong Bai, Dehui Yin, Jingpeng Zhang, Xiling Wu, and Jihong Shao
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Bacterial Diseases ,Serum Proteins ,B Cells ,RC955-962 ,Disease ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Biochemistry ,Epitope ,Cell Fusion ,Epitopes ,White Blood Cells ,Medical Conditions ,Filter Paper ,Animal Cells ,Zoonoses ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Enzyme-Linked Immunoassays ,biology ,Bacterial Pathogens ,Laboratory Equipment ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Infectious Diseases ,Medical Microbiology ,Engineering and Technology ,Pathogens ,Cellular Types ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins ,Research Article ,Neglected Tropical Diseases ,China ,Cell Physiology ,Immune Cells ,Immunology ,Equipment ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Brucella ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Microbiology ,Brucellosis ,Antigen ,Diagnostic Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunoassays ,Antibody-Producing Cells ,Microbial Pathogens ,B cell ,Antigens, Bacterial ,Blood Cells ,Bacteria ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Proteins ,Cell Biology ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Tropical Diseases ,Fusion protein ,Virology ,Infectious disease (medical specialty) ,Immunologic Techniques ,business - Abstract
Background Brucellosis, as a serious zoonotic infectious disease, has been recognized as a re-emerging disease in the developing countries worldwide. In china, the incidence of brucellosis is increasing each year, seriously threatening the health of humans as well as animal populations. Despite a quite number of diagnostic methods currently being used for brucellosis, innovative technologies are still needed for its rapid and accurate diagnosis, especially in area where traditional diagnostic is unavailable. Methodology/Principal findings In this study, a total of 22 B cell linear epitopes were predicted from five Brucella outer membrane proteins (OMPs) using an immunoinformatic approach. These epitopes were then chemically synthesized, and with the method of indirect ELISA (iELISA), each of them displayed a certain degree of capability in identifying human brucellosis positive sera. Subsequently, a fusion protein consisting of the 22 predicted epitopes was prokaryotically expressed and used as diagnostic antigen in a newly established brucellosis testing method, nano-ZnO modified paper-based ELISA (nano-p-ELISA). According to the verifying test using a collection of sera collected from brucellosis and non-brucellosis patients, the sensitivity and specificity of multiepitope based nano-p-ELISA were 92.38% and 98.35% respectively. The positive predictive value was 98.26% and the negative predictive value was 91.67%. The multiepitope based fusion protein also displayed significantly higher specificity than Brucella lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigen. Conclusions B cell epitopes are important candidates for serologically testing brucellosis. Multiepitope fusion protein based nano-p-ELISA displayed significantly sensitivity and specificity compared to Brucella LPS antigen. The strategy applied in this study will be helpful to develop rapid and accurate diagnostic method for brucellosis in human as well as animal populations., Author summary Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonosis in the world and has caused tremendous economic losses in agriculture and animal husbandry in many countries. Developing rapid, sensitive and specific diagnostic methods is very important for early detection and treatment of brucellosis patients. In this study, a novel diagnostic technique, nano-ZnO modified paper ELISA, was established. The antigen used in this technique was a fusion protein containing multiple B cell epitopes, which were predicted from Brucella major outer membrane proteins such as Bp26, Omp31, Omp16, Omp2b and Omp25. Comparing to traditional LPS antigen, this multiepitope based antigen displayed considerably higher sensitivity and higher specificity in laboratory. With the strategy described in this paper, more efficient epitopes and protein antigen can be identified in the future. Currently, LPS antigen is only prepared from live Brucella, while protein antigen can be produced in large quantities in prokaryotic expression system. In addition to nano-p-ELISA, this protein antigen can also be used for development other methods such as fluorescent polarization assay (FPA) and immunochromatographic assay (ICA) to meet the varied demand for brucellosis testing.
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- 2021
44. Optimization of DNA Extraction from Field-Collected Mammalian Whole Blood on Filter Paper for Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas Disease) Detection
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Bonnie E. Gulas-Wroblewski, Rodion Gorchakov, Rebecca B. Kairis, Anna Wheless, and Kristy O. Murray
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Microbiology (medical) ,Chagas disease ,Trypanosoma cruzi ,Biology ,mammalian surveillance ,Article ,blood filter paper ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Parasite hosting ,neglected tropical diseases ,Molecular Biology ,DNA extraction ,Whole blood ,Chromatography ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Filter paper ,Extraction (chemistry) ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,PCR ,Infectious Diseases ,Nobuto strip ,Blood filter paper ,Medicine - Abstract
Blood filter paper strips are cost-effective materials used to store body fluid specimens under challenging field conditions, extending the reach of zoonotic pathogen surveillance and research. We describe an optimized procedure for the extraction of parasite DNA from whole blood (WB) stored on Type I Advantec Nobuto strips from both experimentally spiked and field-collected specimens from canine and skunks, respectively. When comparing two commercial kits for extraction, Qiagen’s DNeasy Blood &, Tissue Kit performed best for the detection of parasite DNA by PCR from Trypanosoma cruzi-spiked canine WB samples on Nobuto strips. To further optimize recovery of β-actin from field-collected skunk WB archived on Nobuto strips, we modified the extraction procedures for the Qiagen kit with a 90 °C incubation step and extended incubation post-addition of proteinase K, a method subsequently employed to identify a T. cruzi infection in one of the skunks. Using this optimized extraction method can efficaciously increase the accuracy and precision of future molecular epidemiologic investigations targeting neglected tropical diseases in field-collected WB specimens on filter strips.
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- 2021
45. Can Electrophysiological Parameters Substitute for Growth, and Photosynthetic Parameters to Characterize the Response of Mulberry and Paper Mulberry to Drought?
- Author
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Yanyou Wu, Deke Xing, and Rui Yu
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physiological index ,drought resistance ,Plant Science ,Photosynthesis ,Article ,Morus alba L ,Every other week ,Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent ,Water content ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Ecology ,biology ,fungi ,Botany ,Paper mulberry ,food and beverages ,Broussonetia ,biology.organism_classification ,Physiological responses ,Horticulture ,QK1-989 ,Soil water ,Plant species ,electrical signal - Abstract
Drought is a key factor restricting plant survival, growth and development. The physiological parameters of plants are commonly used to determine the water status, in order to irrigate appropriately and save water. In this study, mulberry (Morus alba L.) and paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent.) seedlings were used as experimental materials, and four soil moisture treatments were set up for both plant species: 70–75% (CK: the control group, referred to as T0), 55–60% (T1: mild drought), 40–45% (T2: moderate drought), and 25–30% (T3: severe drought). The growth parameter of the plants was measured every two days from the onset of the treatment, the photosynthetic and electrophysiological parameters of the plants were measured every other week for a total of five times. The physiological responses and electrophysiological traits of leaves under different treatment levels were analyzed. The results showed that the photosynthetic and electrophysiological parameters could characterize the response of mulberry growth and development to soil water, and the growth and electrophysiological parameters could characterize the response of paper mulberry growth and development to soil water. Mild drought had no significant effects on the growth and development of mulberry and paper mulberry.
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- 2021
46. Paper-Based Test for Rapid On-Site Screening of SARS-CoV-2 in Clinical Samples
- Author
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Wen Ren and Joseph Irudayaraj
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,viruses ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Horseradish peroxidase ,Article ,Magnetics ,COVID-19 Testing ,colorimetric detection ,Humans ,Volume concentration ,Chromatography ,biology ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Chemistry ,clinical samples ,Phosphate buffered saline ,COVID-19 ,magnetic focus enhancement ,lateral flow assay ,General Medicine ,Paper based ,SARS-CoV-2 monitoring ,Highly sensitive ,biology.protein ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Detection methods for monitoring infectious pathogens has never been more important given the need to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Herein we propose a highly sensitive magnetic-focus-enhanced lateral flow assay (mLFA) for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. The proposed mLFA is simple and requires only lateral flow strips and a reusable magnet to detect very low concentrations of the virus particles. The magnetic focus enhancement is achieved by focusing the SARS-CoV-2 conjugated magnetic probes in the sample placed in the lateral flow (LF) strips for improved capture efficiency, while horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used to catalyze the colorimetric reaction for the amplification of the colorimetric signal. With the magnetic focus enhancement and HRP-based amplification, the mLFA could yield a highly sensitive technology for the recognition of SARS-CoV-2. The developed methods could detect as low as 400 PFU/mL of SARS-CoV-2 in PBS buffer based on the visible blue dots on the LF strips. The mLFA could recognize 1200 PFU/mL of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva samples. With clinical nasal swab samples, the proposed mLFA could achieve 66.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity.
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- 2021
47. Optimal follow-up after acute pulmonary embolism: a position paper of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Pulmonary Circulation and Right Ventricular Function, in collaboration with the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology, endorsed by the European Respiratory Society
- Author
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Klok, Frederikus A, Ageno, Walter, Ay, Cihan, Bäck, Magnus, Barco, Stefano, Bertoletti, Laurent, Becattini, Cecilia, Carlsen, Jørn, Delcroix, Marion, van Es, Nick, Huisman, Menno V, Jara-Palomares, Luis, Konstantinides, Stavros, Lang, Irene, Meyer, Guy, Ní Áinle, Fionnuala, Rosenkranz, Stephan, Pruszczyk, Piotr, Vascular Medicine, ACS - Pulmonary hypertension & thrombosis, University of Zurich, Klok, Frederikus A, Klok, Frederikus A., Ay, Cihan, Bertoletti, Laurent, Becattini, Cecilia, Carlsen, Jørn, Delcroix, Marion, Es, Nick van, Jara Palomares, Luis, Konstantinides, Stavros, Lang, Irene, Ní Áinle, Fionnuala, Rosenkranz, Stephan, and Pruszczyk, Piotr
- Subjects
Pulmonary Circulation ,Cardiology ,610 Medicine & health ,2705 Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Pulmonary hypertension ,Special Article ,Neoplasms ,Contraceptive agents ,Humans ,Thrombophilia ,AcademicSubjects/MED00200 ,Biology ,Anticoagulation therapy ,Travel ,Bleeding ,Cardiovascular diseases ,Pulmonary embolism ,Sports ,10031 Clinic for Angiology ,Atherosclerosis ,Quality of Life ,Ventricular Function, Right ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
This position paper provides a comprehensive guide for optimal follow-up of patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE), covering multiple relevant aspects of patient counselling. It serves as a practical guide to treating patients with acute PE complementary to the formal 2019 European Society of Cardiology guidelines developed with the European Respiratory Society. We propose a holistic approach considering the whole spectrum of serious adverse events that patients with acute PE may encounter on the short and long run. We underline the relevance of assessment of modifiable risk factors for bleeding, of acquired thrombophilia and limited cancer screening (unprovoked PE) as well as a dedicated surveillance for the potential development of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension as part of routine practice; routine testing for genetic thrombophilia should be avoided. We advocate the use of outcome measures for functional outcome and quality of life to quantify the impact of the PE diagnosis and identify patients with the post-PE syndrome early. Counselling patients on maintaining a healthy lifestyle mitigates the risk of the post-PE syndrome and improves cardiovascular prognosis. Therefore, we consider it important to discuss when and how to resume sporting activities soon after diagnosing PE. Additional patient-relevant topics that require Focused counselling are travel and birth control., Graphical Abstract Graphical AbstractOverview of main conclusions of the position paper. APS, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome; aPTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; CTEPH, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension; PE, pulmonary embolism.
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- 2021
48. Functional and analytical recapitulation of osteoclast biology on demineralized bone paper.
- Author
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Park, Yongkuk, Sato, Tadatoshi, and Lee, Jungwoo
- Subjects
BIOLOGY ,DRUG development ,BONE marrow ,OSTEOBLASTS ,OSTEOCLASTS - Abstract
Osteoclasts are the primary target for osteoporosis drug development. Recent animal studies revealed the crucial roles of osteoblasts in regulating osteoclastogenesis and the longer lifespans of osteoclasts than previously thought with fission and recycling. However, existing culture platforms are limited to replicating these newly identified cellular processes. We report a demineralized bone paper (DBP)-based osteoblast culture and osteoclast assay platform that replicates osteoclast fusion, fission, resorption, and apoptosis with high fidelity and analytical power. An osteoid-inspired DBP supports rapid and structural mineral deposition by osteoblasts. Coculture osteoblasts and bone marrow monocytes under biochemical stimulation recapitulate osteoclast differentiation and function. The DBP-based bone model allows longitudinal quantitative fluorescent monitoring of osteoclast responses to bisphosphonate drug, substantiating significantly reducing their number and lifespan. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility of humanizing the bone model. The DBP-based osteo assay platforms are expected to advance bone remodeling-targeting drug development with improved prediction of clinical outcomes. Here, authors report demineralized bone paper-based in vitro osteogenic culture and assay platforms that replicate essential bone tissue complexity, osteoclast processes, and drug responses with high fidelity and predictive power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Bright green fluorescence of Asian paper wasp nests
- Author
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Serge Berthier, Lien Thi Phuong Nguyen, Camille Aracheloff, Bernd Schöllhorn, Willy Daney de Marcillac, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire (LEM (UMR_7591)), and Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Wasps ,Biomedical Engineering ,Biophysics ,Zoology ,Bioengineering ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Fluorescence ,Nesting Behavior ,Biomaterials ,03 medical and health sciences ,Asian People ,Genus ,Animals ,Humans ,030304 developmental biology ,[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Paper wasp ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Life Sciences–Physics interface ,biology.organism_classification ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Polistes ,Biotechnology - Abstract
An exceptionally bright fluorescent biomatter was discovered when exploring, with UV-A light, the nests of several oriental paper wasp species of the genusPolistes, a genus of diurnal social insects. Fluorescence spectra of the cocoon cap membranes revealed narrow emission bands in the green range of the visible spectrum. Large Stokes shifts of around 160 nm and high fluorescence quantum yields of up to 35% were measured. Transmission spectra were recorded in order to estimate the contribution of the fluorescence to the visible light transmitted through the cocoon cap membrane. The nest fluorescence of the Vietnamese wasps was compared with a European and an American species. Potential biological functions of these interesting fluorescence properties of the studied biomaterial are discussed. The discovery of this striking example of a fluorescent terrestrial biomaterial may contribute to the debate on adaptive biological functions of natural fluorescence and falls in line with the growing interest in biodiversity and bio-inspiration.
- Published
- 2021
50. Evaluation of the efficiency of nanoparticles for increasing α-amylase enzyme activity for removing starch stain from paper artifacts
- Author
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Sawsan S. Darwish, Gomaa Abdel-Maksoud, Ahmed A. Hamed, Ahmed M. Youssef, Mahmoud Abdel-Nasser, and Mohamed S. Abdel-Aziz
- Subjects
Archeology ,biology ,Starch ,Scanning electron microscope ,Materials Science (miscellaneous) ,Nanoparticle ,Conservation ,Stain ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy ,chemistry ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Transmission electron microscopy ,Colloidal gold ,biology.protein ,Amylase ,General Economics, Econometrics and Finance ,Spectroscopy ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
Starch stain is a common stain on paper artifacts. This stain leads to deformation of the surface of the paper and promotes the growth of microbiological deterioration. This study aims to use nanoparticles with an α-amylase enzyme to improve its quality for removing this type of stain from the surface of paper artifacts. Accelerated heat aging was used on starch stain applied on the new paper samples. The α-amylase enzyme was prepared. Silver and gold nanoparticles were biosynthesized by local fungal isolation. The produced silver and gold nanoparticles were characterized by using different techniques of analysis (UV- Visible spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis). Different concentrations of Ag-NPs and Au-NPs were added to the α-amylase reaction mixture to enhance its activity for removing starch stains. Some analytical techniques were also used for the evaluation of the efficiency of α-amylase and nanoparticles for removing starch stains (Color measurement, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and pH measurement). The results proved that Ag-NPs at 20 microliters increased the activity to about 160%, whereas Au-NPs enhanced the activity to about 140% at a concentration of 5μL. The results showed that α-amylase enzyme incorporated with Ag-NPs exhibited better results more than its use alone. The addition of Ag-NPs to α-amylase enzyme for the removal of starch stain reduced the total color differences, improved the surface morphology.
- Published
- 2022
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