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Stability of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus varies across different paper types
- Source :
- Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy
- Publication Year :
- 2022
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2022.
-
Abstract
- Introduction The assessment of the risk of virus transmission through papers, such as postcards, is important. However, the stability of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza A virus (IAV) on different types of papers is currently unknown. Investigation of the survival time of these viruses on different types of papers will provide insights into their risk of long-distance transport by postal items. Methods We evaluated the stability of SARS-CoV-2 and IAV, mixed with a culture medium, on the surface of postcards with various coatings, including plain paper (PP), inkjet paper (IP), and inkjet photo paper (IPP). The surface structure of each paper was microscopically assessed. Results The surface structures of PP, IP, and IPP varied greatly depending on the presence or absence, and type, of coat layer, regardless of the base material. IP and IPP surfaces were less conducive to virus survival than PP surfaces, because of the difference in surface shapes. The survival times of SARS-CoV-2 on each paper were approximately 59.8 (PP), 6.5 (IP), and 9.8 h (IPP), and significantly longer than those of IAV (10.3, 1.8, and 3.3 h, respectively). Conclusions The risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission via paper, such as postcards, is significantly higher than that of IAV transmission. While PP, IP, and IPP have the same base material, their surface structures differ, which affects viral stability. The IP and IPP surfaces are less suitable for virus survival. This study provides novel insights into the risks of viral transmission via paper.
- Subjects :
- Paper
Microbiology (medical)
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Virus transmission
viruses
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
IP, inkjet paper
PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
Viral transmission
Biology
medicine.disease_cause
SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Virus
IPP, inkjet photo paper
FBS, fetal bovine serum
IAV, influenza A virus
Influenza A virus
medicine
Humans
Surface structure
Pharmacology (medical)
FFU, focus-forming units
DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
TCID50, 50% tissue culture infectious dose
SARS-CoV-2
PP, plain paper
Postcard
COVID-19
MDCK, Madin–Darby canine kidney
Orthomyxoviridae
Virology
Infectious Diseases
Original Article
Stability
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 1341321X
- Volume :
- 28
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....8ccbf0644ee3d94da40ea3c0b08ccb80