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2. Could AI help you to write your next paper?
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Hutson, Matthew
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- 2022
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3. An analysis of retracted papers in Computer Science.
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Shepperd, Martin and Yousefi, Leila
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COMPUTER science ,DATABASES ,RETRACTORS (Surgery) ,SECONDARY analysis ,SCIENTIFIC community - Abstract
Context: The retraction of research papers, for whatever reason, is a growing phenomenon. However, although retracted paper information is publicly available via publishers, it is somewhat distributed and inconsistent. Objective: The aim is to assess: (i) the extent and nature of retracted research in Computer Science (CS) (ii) the post-retraction citation behaviour of retracted works and (iii) the potential impact upon systematic reviews and mapping studies. Method: We analyse the Retraction Watch database and take citation information from the Web of Science and Google scholar. Results: We find that of the 33,955 entries in the Retraction watch database (16 May 2022), 2,816 are classified as CS, i.e., ≈ 8%. For CS, 56% of retracted papers provide little or no information as to the reasons. This contrasts with 26% for other disciplines. There is also some disparity between different publishers, a tendency for multiple versions of a retracted paper to be available beyond the Version of Record (VoR), and for new citations long after a paper is officially retracted (median = 3; maximum = 18). Systematic reviews are also impacted with ≈ 30% of the retracted papers having one or more citations from a review. Conclusions: Unfortunately, retraction seems to be a sufficiently common outcome for a scientific paper that we as a research community need to take it more seriously, e.g., standardising procedures and taxonomies across publishers and the provision of appropriate research tools. Finally, we recommend particular caution when undertaking secondary analyses and meta-analyses which are at risk of becoming contaminated by these problem primary studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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4. Differences between journal and conference in computer science: a bibliometric view based on Bayesian network.
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Sun, Mingyue, Yue, Mingliang, and Ma, Tingcan
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BAYESIAN analysis ,COMPUTER science conferences ,COMPUTER science ,CONFERENCE papers ,ACADEMIC conferences ,BIBLIOMETRICS - Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the differences between conference papers and journal papers in the field of computer science based on Bayesian network. This paper investigated the differences between conference papers and journal papers in the field of computer science based on Bayesian network, a knowledge-representative framework that can model relationships among all variables in the network. We defined the variables required for Bayesian networks modeling, calculated the values of each variable based Aminer dataset (a literature data set in the field of computer science), learned the Bayesian network and derived some findings based on network inference. The study found that conferences are more attractive to senior scholars, the academic impact of conference papers is slightly higher than journal papers, and it is uncertain whether conference papers are more innovative than journal papers. The study was limited to the field of computer science and employed Aminer dataset as the sample. Further studies involving more diverse datasets and different fields could provide a more complete picture of the matter. By demonstrating that Bayesian networks can effectively analyze issues in Scientometrics, the study offers valuable insights that may enhance researchers' understanding of the differences between journal and conference in computer science. Academic conferences play a crucial role in facilitating scholarly exchange and knowledge dissemination within the field of computer science. Several studies have been conducted to examine the distinctions between conference papers and journal papers in terms of various factors, such as authors, citations, h-index and others. Those studies were carried out from different (independent) perspectives, lacking a systematic examination of the connections and interactions between multiple perspectives. This paper supplements this deficiency based on Bayesian network modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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5. Design Automation of Paper Microfluidic Devices
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Potter, Joshua
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Computer science ,Bioengineering ,Design automation ,microfluidics ,paper - Abstract
The emerging demands for healthcare where access is limited due to political, environmental, or socio-economic factors have been driving research into bio-medical devices that perform in both diagnostic and therapeutic roles at lower costs and greater accessibility. Paper microfluidic devices are used in many applications, particularly medical diagnostics and offer an excellent combination of utility and low cost making them particularly valuable in resource-limited applications and point-of-care usage across a wide variety environmental conditions. Microfluidic biological diagnostics continue to mature as researchers discover new ways to exploit the technological possibilities, and address liabilities. The increasing complexity of paper-based microfluidic devices beyond home pregnancy tests is driving the need to produce new tools and methodologies that enable more robust biological diagnostics and potential therapeutic applications. However, the process of developing new paper microfluidic devices is limited due to having to manually design and fabricate designs to research. Often, researchers must design scores of different devices to find a combination of parameters that functions as expected. In this work, a novel software framework to support automated development of paper-based microfluidic devices is introduced to facilitate both research and fabrication to accelerate the investigative process and reduce material utilization and manpower. Unlike to existing lab-on-a-chip technologies, paper-based microfluidics differs in terms of substrate technologies and use a passive flow method to deliver fluids and reagents for assays. While numerous analogies between microfluidics and semiconductor technologies have been espoused, the physical differences between the fluid dynamics and electrical current are significant which suggests that current trends in physical design for microfluidics must change course in order to be of practical use to designers. Within this framework, a methodology is introduced to address design automation such as dynamically placing and routing microfluidic components in a non-discrete design space while avoiding invalid design layouts, accounting for fluid volume usage, surface area utilization, and the timing required to perform specified biological assays and also optimizing device parameters, enabling researchers to focus on the science and thereby accelerating the development of new, low-resource paper microfluidic devices for a developing world.
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- 2022
6. Purchase Of Consumable Items In Computer Science And, Engineering Department , A4 Paper, Stapler Pin, White Board Marker, White Board Marker, Permanent Marker, Cd Marker, Chalk, Chalk, Glue Stick, Aaa Battery, Aa Battery
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Batteries ,Computer science ,Business, international - Abstract
Tenders are invited for Purchase Of Consumable Items In Computer Science And, Engineering Department , A4 Paper, Stapler Pin, White Board Marker, White Board Marker, Permanent Marker, Cd Marker, Chalk, [...]
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- 2023
7. Score Prediction from Programming Exercise System Logs Using Machine Learning
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Tanaka, Tetsuo and Ueda, Mari
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In this study, the authors have developed a web-based programming exercise system currently implemented in classrooms. This system not only provides students with a web-based programming environment but also tracks the time spent on exercises, logging operations such as program editing, building, execution, and testing. Additionally, it records their results. For educators, the system offers insights into each student's progress, the evolution of their source code, and the instances of errors. While teachers find these functions beneficial, the method of providing feedback to students needs improvement. Immediate feedback is proven to be more effective for student learning. If the final course score could be predicted based on early data (e.g., from the 1st or 2nd week), students could adapt their study strategies accordingly. This paper demonstrates that one can predict the final score using the system's operational logs from the initial phases of the course. Furthermore, the score predictions can be revised weekly based on new class logs. We also explore the potential of offering tailored advice to students to enhance their final score. [For the full proceedings, see ED636095.]
- Published
- 2023
8. Hundreds of gibberish papers still lurk in the scientific literature
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Van Noorden, Richard
- Published
- 2021
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9. Challenges, Experiments, and Computational Solutions in Peer Review.
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SHAH, NIHAR B.
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SCHOLARLY peer review ,COMPUTER science ,EXPERIMENTS ,PREJUDICES ,STATISTICAL bias - Abstract
The author discusses computational methods utilized in the peer review process. It examines the availability of data in peer review, and experimentation in peer review design. It also discusses author identity bias, overall subjectivity in peer review, and author incentives.
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- 2022
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10. Are Papers Asking Questions Cited More Frequently in Computer Science?
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Dalibor Fiala, Pavel Král, and Martin Dostal
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computer science ,papers ,citations ,questions ,Web of Science ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 - Abstract
In this article, we test the hypothesis that computer science papers asking questions (i.e., those with a question mark at the end of their title) are cited more frequently than those that do not have this property. To this end, we analyze a data set of almost two million records on computer science papers indexed in the Web of Science database and focus our investigation on the mean number of citations per paper of its specific subsets. The main finding is that the average number of citations per paper of the so-called “asking papers” is greater by almost 20% than that of other papers, and that this difference is statistically significant.
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- 2021
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11. Neither Computer Science, nor Information Studies, nor Humanities Enough: What Is the Status of a Digital Humanities Conference Paper?
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Estill, Laura and Guiliano, Jennifer
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DIGITAL humanities ,ELECTRONIC data processing ,COMPUTER science ,HUMANITIES ,SOCIAL sciences - Abstract
Copyright of Digital Studies / Champ Numérique is the property of Open Library of Humanities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2023
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12. South African research contributions to Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1973-2022.
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Naudé, Filistéa and Kroeze, Jan H.
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COMPUTER science ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,RESEARCH personnel ,AUTHORSHIP collaboration ,PERIODICAL articles - Abstract
Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) is a globally recognised publication outlet for the field of Computer Science, including in South Africa. In this study, spanning from 1973 to 2022, we investigated the research participation of South African based authors in LNCS. The publication output and citation impact of these authors were compared to the global Computer Science and LNCS output. The authorship patterns and collaborative behaviour of South African LNCS papers were explored, and a keyword or topic analysis also conducted. Of the total of 518 662 LNCS papers published globally between 1973 and 2022, South African based researchers contributed 1150 papers (0.22%). The LNCS papers from South Africa exhibit a strong collaborative publication culture, with 1043 (91%) co-authored and 107 (9%) singleauthored works. Local LNCS researchers prefer institutional collaboration (43%), followed by international (37%) and national collaboration (11%). Europe emerged as the most significant collaboration partner for LNCS researchers in South Africa. Of the 1150 papers, 836 (73%) had received citations, while 314 (27%) had not. On average, papers published by South African based authors received 6.05 citations, compared to the global LNCS average of 9.49 citations per paper. A keyword analysis revealed that the majority of papers by South African authors focus on artificial intelligence. The results indicate that, although LNCS serves as a reputable dissemination platform for Computer Science research output both globally and locally, South African authors should consider publishing more journal articles to build and improve their researcher profiles. Significance: * The study shows that LNCS is the most frequent publication outlet for Computer Science researchers, globally and in South Africa. * The study offers insight into the publication output, authorship patterns, collaborative behaviour and citation impact of South African based Computer Science researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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13. A Teachable Moment: 'H-Classic Papers in Atomic Spectroscopy'
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Bush, Laura and Workman, Jerome
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Computer science ,Spectrum analysis - Abstract
In the November 2021 issue of Spectroscopy, we published a review paper titled 'H-Classic Papers in Atomic Spectroscopy: An Integrative Literature Review' (1). This paper caused quite a bit of […]
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- 2022
14. Goal programming model applied to waste paper logistics processes
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Fernando Augusto Silva Marins, Cristiane Maria Defalque, Aneirson Francisco da Silva, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rodovia Presidente Dutra, and Brazil
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Optimization ,Operations research ,Modeling language ,Computer science ,Waste paper recycling ,Applied Mathematics ,Waste paper ,02 engineering and technology ,Reverse logistics ,Solver ,01 natural sciences ,020303 mechanical engineering & transports ,0203 mechanical engineering ,Weighted goal programming ,Modeling and Simulation ,Goal programming ,0103 physical sciences ,Vehicle routing problem ,Revised Multi-Choice Goal Programming ,Production (economics) ,Center (algebra and category theory) ,010301 acoustics - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:31:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-10-01 Organization and planning of reverse logistics networks make sustainable processes more efficient. Thus, an important sector for connecting the collection and waste paper recycling echelons is the intermediate center. In this study, a Mixed Integer Linear Programming model, which is multi-objective, multi-product, multi-level and multi-period, was developed to optimize the waste paper logistics processes of intermediate centers. The formulation includes the following echelons: collection, considering vehicle routing with different capacities; inventory of non-baling materials; baling sorted waste and inventory of bales; selling bales; disposal of non-recyclable waste. The aims of the model include: maximizing the collected waste; minimizing distances; maximizing both the production and sale of bales, and minimizing costs. According to research carried out in the literature, the developed model is a new proposal and to implement it, the Weighted Goal Programming and Revised Multi-Choice Goal Programming approaches were used to deal with multiple objectives and incorporate uncertainty into the quantity of waste available for collection. To analyze the proposed model, computational tests were executed with instances based on real data from a Brazilian company in the sector. For all performed tests, General Algebraic Modeling System 23.6.5 modeling language and CPLEX 12.2.0.2 solver were used for modeling and optimization. The results show that this study presents formulation and technological approaches that represent real situations and provide competitive solutions to the problem. Sáo Paulo State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” [Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho] School of Engineering of Guaratinguetá [Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguetá] Production Department, Av. Ariberto Pereira da Cunha, 333, Portal das Colinas Agulhas Negras Military Academy [Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras] Rodovia Presidente Dutra, km 306, s/n Escola Preparatória de Cadetes do Exército Avenida Papa Pio XII 350 Jardim Chapadão Campinas - SP Brazil, Avenida Papa Pio XII, 350, Jardim Chapadão, Campinas - SP Sáo Paulo State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” [Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho] School of Engineering of Guaratinguetá [Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguetá] Production Department, Av. Ariberto Pereira da Cunha, 333, Portal das Colinas
- Published
- 2021
15. Energy efficiency challenges in pulp and paper manufacturing: A tutorial review
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Martin A. Hubbe
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Exergy ,Environmental Engineering ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Pulp (paper) ,Bioengineering ,engineering.material ,Product (business) ,Cellulosic ethanol ,Process integration ,Pinch analysis ,engineering ,Electricity ,Process engineering ,business ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Efficient energy use - Abstract
The pulp and paper industry is highly energy-intensive. In mills that use chemical pulping, roughly half of the higher heating value of the cellulosic material used to manufacture the product typically is incinerated to generate steam and electricity that is needed to run the processes. Additional energy, much of it non-renewable, needs to be purchased. This review considers publications describing steps that pulp and paper facilities can take to operate more efficiently. Savings can be achieved, for instance, by minimizing unnecessary losses in exergy, which can be defined as the energy content relative to a standard ambient condition. Throughout the long series of unit operations comprising the conversion of wood material to sheets of paper, there are large opportunities to more closely approach a hypothetical ideal performance by following established best-practices.
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- 2021
16. Paper-Based Biosensors for COVID-19: A Review of Innovative Tools for Controlling the Pandemic
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Ana P.M. Tavares, Cristina E. A. Sousa, Rodrigo Martins, Maria Teresa Cruz, Ana C. Marques, Elvira Fortunato, Felismina T.C. Moreira, M. Goreti F. Sales, A. Rita Cardoso, Tomás Pinheiro, Ana Matos, and Universidade do Minho
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Diagnostic methods ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Computer science ,General Chemical Engineering ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Immunology ,02 engineering and technology ,Viral antigen ,Peptides and proteins ,Diagnostic tools ,01 natural sciences ,Biopolymers ,Pandemic ,Medical diagnosis ,Antigens ,QD1-999 ,Science & Technology ,SARS-CoV-2 ,010401 analytical chemistry ,General Chemistry ,Paper based ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,3. Good health ,Chemistry ,Risk analysis (engineering) ,Perspective ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
The appearance and quick spread of the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease, COVID-19, brought major societal challenges. Importantly, suitable medical diagnosis procedures and smooth clinical management of the disease are an emergent need, which must be anchored on novel diagnostic methods and devices. Novel molecular diagnostic tools relying on nucleic acid amplification testing have emerged globally and are the current gold standard in COVID-19 diagnosis. However, the need for widespread testing methodologies for fast, effective testing in multiple epidemiological scenarios remains a crucial step in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Biosensors have previously shown the potential for cost-effective and accessible diagnostics, finding applications in settings where conventional, laboratorial techniques may not be readily employed. Paper- and cellulose-based biosensors can be particularly relevant in pandemic times, for the renewability, possibility of mass production with sustainable methodologies, and safe environmental disposal. In this review, paper-based devices and platforms targeting SARS-CoV-2 are showcased and discussed, as a means to achieve quick and low-cost PoC diagnosis, including detection methodologies for viral genomic material, viral antigen detection, and serological antibody testing. Devices targeting inflammatory markers relevant for COVID-19 are also discussed, as fast, reliable bedside diagnostic tools for patient treatment and follow-up., The authors acknowledge funding through projects Eco2Covid (POCI-01-02B7-FEDER-068174) and TecniCov (POCI-01-02B7-FEDER-069745), co-funded by FEDER through COMPETE2020 and Lisboa2020. T.P., A.R.C. and A.C.M. acknowledge funding to National Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P., FCT, through their PhD grants, references DFA/BD/8606/2020, SFRH/BD/130107/2017 and SFRH/BD/115173/2016, respectively, info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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- 2021
17. Researchers from School of Computer Science and Engineering Provide Details of New Studies and Findings in the Area of Cloud Computing (Keywords-Driven Paper Recommendation Based on Mobile Edge Computing Environment Framework)
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Cloud computing ,Computer science ,Computers - Abstract
2022 MAY 3 (VerticalNews) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Information Technology Newsweekly -- Current study results on cloud computing have been published. According to news originating from [...]
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- 2022
18. Printability and quality of papers coated with different binders
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Emine ARMAN KANDIRMAZ, Arif Ozcan, and ÖZCAN A., Kandirmaz E. A., ZELZELE Ö. B.
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Bilgisayar Bilimi Uygulamaları ,paper coating ,Computer Sciences ,printability ,BİLGİSAYAR BİLİMİ, İNTERDİSİPLİNER UYGULAMALAR ,Mühendislik, Bilişim ve Teknoloji (ENG) ,COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS ,COMPUTER SCIENCE ,Bilgisayar Grafiği ,Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design ,Computer Science Applications ,Fizik Bilimleri ,Physical Sciences ,Computer Graphics ,Bilgisayar Grafikleri ve Bilgisayar Destekli Tasarım ,Engineering and Technology ,Bilgisayar Bilimi ,Bilgisayar Bilimleri ,Mühendislik ve Teknoloji ,paper quality ,Engineering, Computing & Technology (ENG) ,binder - Abstract
Papers are the most commonly used substrates. A printable paper must have certain properties. These properties include surface smoothness, air permeability, surface energy, colour of the paper, opacity, whiteness, light fastness, gloss, and coefficient of elongation under force. In addition, a good printable paper should not allow ink to pass between its two surfaces. After the papers are produced, they are subjected to surface treatments in order to improve the above-mentioned properties and to provide extra specification. Surface treatments include calendering, surface sizing and coating processes. While filling the recesses and protrusions on the surface with the coating process, the paper's affinity for the ink is increased, and the penetration of the ink to the other surface of the paper is prevented. In the coating process basically, a filler is dispersed in a binder. In this study, it is aimed to obtain the highest quality and most printable paper by changing the type of binder used in the coating. In this study, equal amount (5% w/w) titanium dioxide filler was used in all coating formulations. In coating formulations; cationic starch, hydroxy ethyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol polymers were used as binders. Binder amounts are adjusted according to optimum viscosity. The obtained coating formulations were coated on the paper surface with a laboratory type coating device. Colour, gloss, surface smoothness, air permeability, surface energy and surface morphology of the coated papers were determined. It was printed with magenta offset printing ink on three different types of paper coated with different binders, using the IGT C1 offset printability test device, under 400 N/m2 pressure printing conditions. Colour and gloss measurements of the prints were made. As a result; It was determined that three different binders improved the printability parameters.
- Published
- 2022
19. A paper-based colorimetric molecular test for SARS-CoV-2 in saliva
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Josiah Levi Davidson, Jiangshan Wang, Jordan Seville, Suraj Mohan, Mohit S. Verma, Sai Venkata Sravan Putikam, Ana Pascual-Garrigos, Fujr Osman Ibrahim Osman, Murali Kannan Maruthamuthu, Andres Dextre, and Darby McChesney
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Detection limit ,Saliva ,Chromatography ,Colorimetric LAMP ,Computer science ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Biomedical Engineering ,Biophysics ,Loop-mediated isothermal amplification ,Paper based ,Paper-based diagnostics ,Article ,Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices ,Electrochemistry ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Herein, we describe the development of a paper-based device to detect nucleic acids of pathogens of interest in complex samples using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) by producing a colorimetric response visible to the human eye. To demonstrate the utility of this device in emerging public health emergencies, we developed and optimized our device to detect SARS-CoV-2 in human saliva without preprocessing. The resulting device was capable of detecting the virus within 60 min and had an analytical sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 100% with a limit of detection of 200 genomic copies/μL of patient saliva using image analysis. The device consists of a configurable number of reaction zones constructed of Grade 222 chromatography paper separated by 20 mil polystyrene spacers attached to a Melinex® backing via an ARclean® double-sided adhesive. The resulting device is easily configurable to detect multiple targets and has the potential to detect a variety of pathogens simply by changing the LAMP primer sets.
- Published
- 2021
20. Special Issue: Feature Papers to Celebrate the Inaugural Issue of Standards
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Peter Glavič
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Information retrieval ,Computer science ,Feature (computer vision) ,Automotive Engineering - Abstract
Standards are a set of guidelines or criteria used to ensure consistency, quality, safety, and compatibility in products, services, and processes [...]
- Published
- 2023
21. Optimizing Pressure Screen Systems in Paper Recycling: Optimal System Layout, Component Selection and Operation
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Tim M. Müller, Peter F. Pelz, Samuel Schabel, Marja Birgit Ahola, and Lena C. Altherr
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Interconnection ,021103 operations research ,business.industry ,Process (engineering) ,Computer science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,Stickies ,Paper recycling ,Nonlinear system ,Component (UML) ,Quality (business) ,021108 energy ,Process engineering ,business ,Selection (genetic algorithm) ,media_common - Abstract
Around 60% of the paper worldwide is made from recovered paper. Especially adhesive contaminants, so called stickies, reduce paper quality. To remove stickies but at the same time keep as many valuable fibers as possible, multi-stage screening systems with several interconnected pressure screens are used. When planning such systems, suitable screens have to be selected and their interconnection as well as operational parameters have to be defined considering multiple conflicting objectives. In this contribution, we present a Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Program to optimize system layout, component selection and operation to find a suitable trade-off between output quality and yield.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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22. Nano-functionalized paper-based IoT enabled devices for point-of-care testing: a review
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Vinay Kishnani, Kunal Mondal, Ankur Gupta, Umesh T. Nakate, and Sungjune Park
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Paper ,Computer science ,Point-of-Care Systems ,Point-of-care testing ,Internet of Things ,Microfluidics ,Biomedical Engineering ,Article ,Domain (software engineering) ,Human health ,Sensitivity ,Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ,Nano ,Humans ,Selectivity ,Molecular Biology ,Rapid response ,Sensor ,Point of care testing ,business.industry ,Paper based ,Point-of-Care Testing ,Systems engineering ,IoT, μPADs ,business - Abstract
Over the last few years, the microfluidics phenomenon coupled with the Internet of Things (IoT) using innovative nano-functional materials has been recognized as a sustainable and economical tool for point-of-care testing (POCT) of various pathogens influencing human health. The sensors based on these phenomena aim to be designed for cost-effectiveness, make it handy, environment-friendly, and get an accurate, easy, and rapid response. Considering the burgeoning importance of analytical devices in the healthcare domain, this review paper is based on the gist of sensing aspects of the microfabricated paper-based analytical devices (μPADs). The article discusses the various used design methodologies and fabrication approaches and elucidates the recently reported surface modification strategies, detection mechanisms viz., colorimetric, electrochemical, fluorescence, electrochemiluminescence, etc. In a nutshell, this article summarizes the state-of-the-art research work carried out over the nano functionalized paper-based analytical devices and associated challenges/solutions in the point of care testing domain.
- Published
- 2021
23. Paper-Based Point-of-Care Testing of SARS-CoV-2
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Yuan Jia, Jinpeng Tian, Wenwei Zhang, Hao Sun, and Qiuming Song
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Histology ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Computer science ,COVID-19 diagnostics ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Point-of-care testing ,Biomedical Engineering ,Diagnostic test ,Bioengineering and Biotechnology ,Bioengineering ,Paper based ,Research opportunities ,Review ,paper-based ,Field (computer science) ,Risk analysis (engineering) ,point-of-care ,CRISPR ,immunoassay ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Biotechnology ,Point of care - Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant global social and economic disruption. The highly transmissive nature of the disease makes rapid and reliable detection critically important. Point-of-care (POC) tests involve performing diagnostic tests outside of a laboratory that produce a rapid and reliable result. It therefore allows the diagnostics of diseases at or near the patient site. Paper-based POC tests have been gaining interest in recent years as they allow rapid, low-cost detection without the need for external instruments. In this review, we focus on the development of paper-based POC devices for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. The review first introduces the principles of detection methods that are available to paper-based devices. It then summarizes the state-of-the-art paper devices and their analytical performances. The advantages and drawbacks among methods are also discussed. Finally, limitations of the existing devices are discussed, and prospects are given with the hope to identify research opportunities and directions in the field. We hope this review will be helpful for researchers to develop a clinically useful and economically efficient paper-based platform that can be used for rapid, accurate on-site diagnosis to aid in identifying acute infections and eventually contain the COVID-19 pandemic.
- Published
- 2021
24. Hospitals and Laboratories on Paper-Based Sensors: A Mini Review
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Huaizu Zhang, Chengbin Xia, Guangfu Feng, and Jun Fang
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Computer science ,microfluidics ,Review ,TP1-1185 ,Biochemistry ,paper-based sensor ,lateral flow test strips ,Analytical Chemistry ,Mini review ,Software portability ,Nucleic Acids ,Organic Chemicals ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Process engineering ,Instrumentation ,business.industry ,Chemical technology ,bioassay trace ,Paper based ,Hospitals ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Metals ,Analysis tools ,Laboratories ,business ,Mobile device - Abstract
With characters of low cost, portability, easy disposal, and high accuracy, as well as bulky reduced laboratory equipment, paper-based sensors are getting increasing attention for reliable indoor/outdoor onsite detection with nonexpert operation. They have become powerful analysis tools in trace detection with ultra-low detection limits and extremely high accuracy, resulting in their great popularity in medical detection, environmental inspection, and other applications. Herein, we summarize and generalize the recently reported paper-based sensors based on their application for mechanics, biomolecules, food safety, and environmental inspection. Based on the biological, physical, and chemical analytes-sensitive electrical or optical signals, extensive detections of a large number of factors such as humidity, pressure, nucleic acid, protein, sugar, biomarkers, metal ions, and organic/inorganic chemical substances have been reported via paper-based sensors. Challenges faced by the current paper-based sensors from the fundamental problems and practical applications are subsequently analyzed; thus, the future directions of paper-based sensors are specified for their rapid handheld testing.
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- 2021
25. Converting the existing disease surveillance from a paper-based to an electronic-based system using District Health Information System (DHIS-2) for real-time information: The Lebanese experience
- Author
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dalal Ali youssef
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Disease surveillance ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Paper based ,Real-time data ,business ,Health informatics ,Data science - Abstract
Introduction:The Ministry of Public Health in Lebanon is in the process of converting the surveillance reporting from a cumbersome paper-based system to a web-based electronic platform (DHIS-2) to have real-time information for early detection of alerts and outbreaks and for initiating a prompt response.Objectives:This paper aimed to document the Lebanese experience in implementing DHIS-2 for the disease surveillance system. It also targets to assess the improvement of reporting rates and timeliness of the reported data and to disclose the encountered challenges and opportunities. MethodologyThis is a retrospective description of processes involved in the implementation of the DHIS-2 tool in Lebanon. Initially, it was piloted for the school-based surveillance in 2014; then its use was extended in May 2017 to cover other specific surveillance systems. This included all surveillance programs collecting aggregate data from hospitals, medical centers, dispensaries, or laboratories at the first stage. As part of the national roll-out process, the online application was developed. The customized aggregated-based datasets, organization units, user accounts, specific and generic dashboards were generated. More than 80 training sessions were conducted throughout the country targeting 1290 end-users including health officers at the national and provincial levels, focal persons working in all public and private hospitals, laboratories, and medical centers as well. Completeness and timeliness of reported data were compared before and after the implementation of DHIS-2. Challenges and lessons learned during the roll-out process are listed.ResultsFor laboratory-based surveillance, completeness of reporting increased from 70.8% in May to 89.6% in October. Timeliness has improved from 25% to 74%. For medical centers, an improvement of 8.1% for completeness and 9.4% in timeliness was recorded before and after training sessions. For zero reporting, completeness remains the same (88%) and timeliness has improved from 74% to 87%. The main challenges faced during the implementation of DHIS-2 were mainly infrastructural and system-related in addition to poor internet connectivity and limited workforce and frequent changes to DHIS-2 versions.ConclusionImplementation of DHIS-2 improved timeliness and completeness for aggregated data reporting. Continued on-site support, monitoring, and system enhancement are needed to improve the performance of DHIS-2.
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- 2021
26. Comparing LSTM and GRU Models to Predict the Condition of a Pulp Paper Press
- Author
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Antonio J. Marques Cardoso, Rui Assis, Balduíno César Mateus, Mateus Mendes, and José Torres Farinha
- Subjects
Technology ,Multivariate statistics ,Control and Optimization ,Computer science ,GRU ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Machine learning ,computer.software_genre ,Predictive maintenance ,predictive maintenance ,LSTM ,recurrent neural network ,paper press ,Autoregressive integrated moving average ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Hyperparameter ,Artificial neural network ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Univariate ,Statistical model ,Recurrent neural network ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,computer ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
The accuracy of a predictive system is critical for predictive maintenance and to support the right decisions at the right times. Statistical models, such as ARIMA and SARIMA, are unable to describe the stochastic nature of the data. Neural networks, such as long short-term memory (LSTM) and the gated recurrent unit (GRU), are good predictors for univariate and multivariate data. The present paper describes a case study where the performances of long short-term memory and gated recurrent units are compared, based on different hyperparameters. In general, gated recurrent units exhibit better performance, based on a case study on pulp paper presses. The final result demonstrates that, to maximize the equipment availability, gated recurrent units, as demonstrated in the paper, are the best options.
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Dynamic Radial Placement and Routing in Paper Microfluidics
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Philip Brisk, Joshua Potter, and William H. Grover
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Computer Hardware & Architecture ,Process (engineering) ,Computer science ,Layout ,Microfluidics ,Geometry ,placement and routing ,Bioengineering ,Bioassay ,Physical design ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Routing ,Substrates ,business.industry ,COVID-19 ,Computer Hardware ,Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design ,Reservoirs ,Embedded system ,Place and route ,paper microfluidics ,Routing (electronic design automation) ,business ,Continuous placement ,Software ,Biotechnology - Abstract
The low cost, simplicity, and ease of use of paper microfluidic devices have made them valuable medical diagnostics for applications from pregnancy testing to COVID-19 screening. Meanwhile, the increasing complexity of paper-based microfluidic devices is driving the need to produce new tools and methodologies that enable more robust biological diagnostics and potential therapeutic applications. A new design framework is being used to facilitate both research and fabrication of paper-based microfluidic biological devices to accelerate the investigative process and reduce material utilization and manpower. In this work we present a methodology for this framework to dynamically place and route microfluidic components in a nondiscrete design space where fluid volume usage, surface area utilization, and the timing required to perform specified biological assays are accounted for and optimized while also accelerating the development of potentially lifesaving new devices.
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- 2021
28. Formalizing Opponent Modeling with the Rock, Paper, Scissors Game
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Erik Brockbank and Edward Vul
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Statistics and Probability ,Technology ,Adaptive reasoning ,Exploit ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Process (engineering) ,Applied Mathematics ,ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING ,Social Sciences ,adversarial reasoning ,rock-paper-scissors ,Adversary ,Adversarial system ,sequential reasoning ,ddc:330 ,Adversarial process ,Artificial intelligence ,Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty ,business ,competition ,Simple (philosophy) - Abstract
In simple dyadic games such as rock, paper, scissors (RPS), people exhibit peculiar sequential dependencies across repeated interactions with a stable opponent. These regularities seem to arise from a mutually adversarial process of trying to outwit their opponent. What underlies this process, and what are its limits? Here, we offer a novel framework for formally describing and quantifying human adversarial reasoning in the rock, paper, scissors game. We first show that this framework enables a precise characterization of the complexity of patterned behaviors that people exhibit themselves, and appear to exploit in others. This combination allows for a quantitative understanding of human opponent modeling abilities. We apply these tools to an experiment in which people played 300 rounds of RPS in stable dyads. We find that although people exhibit very complex move dependencies, they cannot exploit these dependencies in their opponents, indicating a fundamental limitation in people’s capacity for adversarial reasoning. Taken together, the results presented here show how the rock, paper, scissors game allows for precise formalization of human adaptive reasoning abilities.
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Paper-based analytical devices for virus detection: Recent strategies for current and future pandemics
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Charles S. Henry and Tugba Ozer
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Virus detection ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Computer science ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Paper-based ,Electrochemical ,COVID-19 ,Electrochemical detection ,Paper based ,Article ,Analytical Chemistry ,Point of care ,Risk analysis (engineering) ,Pandemic ,Infectious diseases ,Spectroscopy ,Optical ,Nanomaterials - Abstract
The importance of user-friendly, inexpensive, sensitive, and selective detection of viruses has been highlighted again due to the recent Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Among the analytical tools, paper-based devices (PADs) have become a leading alternative for point-of-care (POC) testing. In this review, we discuss the recent development strategies and applications in nucleic acid-based, antibody/antigen-based and other affinity-based PADs using optical and electrochemical detection methods for sensing viruses. In addition, advantages and drawbacks of presented PADs are identified. Current state and insights towards future perspectives are presented regarding developing POC diagnosis platform for COVID-19. This review considers state-of-the-art technologies for further development and improvement in PADs performance for virus detection., Graphical abstract Image 1
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- 2021
30. Disposable Paper-Based Biosensors for the Point-of-Care Detection of Hazardous Contaminations-A Review
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Ali Hajian, Azarmidokht Sheini, Pegah Hashemi, Hasan Bagheri, and Mohammad Mahdi Bordbar
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Paper ,Analyte ,Computer science ,Point-of-Care Systems ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Microfluidics ,Biosensing Techniques ,Review ,Hazardous Substances ,Hazardous waste ,electrochemical methods ,Process engineering ,rapid tests ,Point of care ,Flexibility (engineering) ,business.industry ,toxic substances ,General Medicine ,Paper based ,optical detection ,paper sensors ,Transducer ,biological receptors ,Colorimetry ,business ,Biosensor ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Biotechnology ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
The fast detection of trace amounts of hazardous contaminations can prevent serious damage to the environment. Paper-based sensors offer a new perspective on the world of analytical methods, overcoming previous limitations by fabricating a simple device with valuable benefits such as flexibility, biocompatibility, disposability, biodegradability, easy operation, large surface-to-volume ratio, and cost-effectiveness. Depending on the performance type, the device can be used to analyze the analyte in the liquid or vapor phase. For liquid samples, various structures (including a dipstick, as well as microfluidic and lateral flow) have been constructed. Paper-based 3D sensors are prepared by gluing and folding different layers of a piece of paper, being more user-friendly, due to the combination of several preparation methods, the integration of different sensor elements, and the connection between two methods of detection in a small set. Paper sensors can be used in chromatographic, electrochemical, and colorimetric processes, depending on the type of transducer. Additionally, in recent years, the applicability of these sensors has been investigated in various applications, such as food and water quality, environmental monitoring, disease diagnosis, and medical sciences. Here, we review the development (from 2010 to 2021) of paper methods in the field of the detection and determination of toxic substances.
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- 2021
31. Lab-on-Paper Devices for Diagnosis of Human Diseases Using Urine Samples—A Review
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Yu-Chi Chang, Wei-Chun Tai, Lung-Ming Fu, and Dean Chou
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Paper ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Computer science ,Point-of-care testing ,Microfluidics ,Clinical Biochemistry ,microfluidic ,non-invasive samples ,Sample (statistics) ,Review ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,paper-based devices ,Human health ,Human disease ,Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ,Fabrication methods ,medicine ,Humans ,Medical physics ,lab-on-paper ,010401 analytical chemistry ,General Medicine ,Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,urine ,0104 chemical sciences ,Point-of-Care Testing ,Detection performance ,0210 nano-technology ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Biotechnology - Abstract
In recent years, microfluidic lab-on-paper devices have emerged as a rapid and low-cost alternative to traditional laboratory tests. Additionally, they were widely considered as a promising solution for point-of-care testing (POCT) at home or regions that lack medical infrastructure and resources. This review describes important advances in microfluidic lab-on-paper diagnostics for human health monitoring and disease diagnosis over the past five years. The review commenced by explaining the choice of paper, fabrication methods, and detection techniques to realize microfluidic lab-on-paper devices. Then, the sample pretreatment procedure used to improve the detection performance of lab-on-paper devices was introduced. Furthermore, an in-depth review of lab-on-paper devices for disease measurement based on an analysis of urine samples was presented. The review concludes with the potential challenges that the future development of commercial microfluidic lab-on-paper platforms for human disease detection would face.
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- 2021
32. Hybrid Technologies Combining Solid-State Sensors and Paper/Fabric Fluidics for Wearable Analytical Devices
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César Fernández-Sánchez, Cecilia Jiménez-Jorquera, Meritxell Rovira, and Swiss National Science Foundation
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Computer science ,electrochemical (bio)sensor ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Wearable computer ,Clinical analysis | Electrochemical (bio)sensor | Fabric microfluidics | Paper microfluidics | Solid-state sensors | Wearables ,Biosensing Techniques ,Review ,02 engineering and technology ,Diagnostic tools ,solid-state sensors ,01 natural sciences ,Continuous analysis ,Wearable Electronic Devices ,Biological fluids ,Humans ,Fluidics ,fabric microfluidics ,Sweat ,Wearable technology ,Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages ,business.industry ,Textiles ,010401 analytical chemistry ,clinical analysis ,General Medicine ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Solid state sensor ,0104 chemical sciences ,wearables ,Systems engineering ,paper microfluidics ,Patient status ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Biomarkers ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Biotechnology - Abstract
The development of diagnostic tools for measuring a wide spectrum of target analytes, from biomarkers to other biochemical parameters in biological fluids, has experienced a significant growth in the last decades, with a good number of such tools entering the market. Recently, a clear focus has been put on miniaturized wearable devices, which offer powerful capabilities for real-time and continuous analysis of biofluids, mainly sweat, and can be used in athletics, consumer wellness, military, and healthcare applications. Sweat is an attractive biofluid in which different biomarkers could be noninvasively measured to provide rapid information about the physical state of an individual. Wearable devices reported so far often provide discrete (single) measurements of the target analytes, most of them in the form of a yes/no qualitative response. However, quantitative biomarker analysis over certain periods of time is highly demanded for many applications such as the practice of sports or the precise control of the patient status in hospital settings. For this, a feasible combination of fluidic elements and sensor architectures has been sought. In this regard, this paper shows a concise overview of analytical tools based on the use of capillary-driven fluidics taking place on paper or fabric devices integrated with solid-state sensors fabricated by thick film technologies. The main advantages and limitations of the current technologies are pointed out together with the progress towards the development of functional devices. Those approaches reported in the last decade are examined in detail.
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- 2021
33. Paper-based sensor from pyrrolidinyl peptide nucleic acid for the efficient detection of Bacillus cereus
- Author
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Tanutcha Patipong, Tirayut Vilaivan, Nuttapon Jirakittiwut, Rungaroon Waditee-Sirisattha, Thanit Praneenararat, and Tawinan Cheiwchanchamnangij
- Subjects
Detection limit ,Paper ,Peptide Nucleic Acids ,Pyrrolidines ,biology ,Peptide nucleic acid ,Computer science ,Bacillus cereus ,Oryza ,Paper based ,Computational biology ,Biosensing Techniques ,biology.organism_classification ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Visual detection ,chemistry ,Cereus ,Food products ,Food Microbiology ,Sustainable production - Abstract
Bacillus cereus is one of the most common foodborne pathogens found in various kinds of staple foods such as rice and wheat. A rapid and accurate detection method for this pathogen is highly desirable for the sustainable production of relevant food products. While several classical and molecular-based detection methods are available for the identification of B. cereus, they suffered one or more limitations such as the requirement for a tedious and time-consuming process, less than ideal specificity, and the lack of portability. Herein, we developed the first paper-based sensing device that exhibits high species specificity with sufficiently low limit of detection for the visual detection of specific DNA sequences of B. cereus. The success is attributed to the strategic planning of fabrication in various dimensions including thorough bioinformatics search for highly specific genes, the use of the pyrrolidinyl peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe whose selectivity advantage is well documented, and an effective PNA immobilization and DNA-binding visualization method with an internal cross-checking system for validating the results. Testing in rice matrices indicates that the sensor is capable of detecting and distinguishing B. cereus from other bacterial species. Hence, this paper-based sensor has potential to be adopted as a practical means to detect B. cereus in food industries.
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- 2021
34. Paper-based thesis and dissertations: analysis of fundamental characteristics for achieving a robust structure
- Author
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Guilherme Luz Tortorella, FI Kubota, PA Cauchick-Migue, and Marlene Amorim
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Research design ,Computer science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Manufactures ,TS1-2301 ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Thesis by publications ,Originality ,0502 economics and business ,Hybrid thesis ,Research method ,media_common ,Structure (mathematical logic) ,Article-based thesis ,Management science ,Thesis as a series of papers ,05 social sciences ,050301 education ,Subject (documents) ,Paper based ,Document analysis ,Publication-based thesis ,Structural robustness ,0503 education ,050203 business & management - Abstract
Paper aims This study identifies fundamental characteristics for developing a paper-based thesis (PBT), providing some recommendations to researchers who decide for this academic research report. Originality This paper contributes to the literature by providing guidance to develop PBTs, which has been attracting researchers' interest because it demonstrates publication capacity and potential as a researcher. Additionally, it is still not entirely clear which issues and countermeasures researchers should address when choosing the paper-based structure. Research method The authors searched for articles of PBTs already published, institutional documents (e.g., regulations for conducting PBTs in Brazil and abroad) and journal papers concerning this subject. A content and document analysis were conducted in the papers and PBT internal regulations, respectively. Main findings Results indicate five main factors that impact the success of a PBT approach: (i) the initial planning for this academic model; (ii) alignment between the articles and the thesis/dissertation; (iii) research design construction; (iv) copyrights requirements; and (v) issues regarding co-authorship. Based on that, the study also builds some guidelines to structure a robust PBT. Implications for theory and practice Our recommendations might be meaningful to scholars and researchers bring more theoretical, empirical, and structural robustness when developing a PBT final document.
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- 2021
35. Paper-Based Immunosensors with Bio-Chemiluminescence Detection
- Author
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Mara Mirasoli, Massimo Guardigli, Laura Montali, Donato Calabria, Antonia Lopreside, Martina Zangheri, Elisa Marchegiani, Ilaria Trozzi, Maria Maddalena Calabretta, Elisa Michelini, Calabretta M.M., Zangheri M., Calabria D., Lopreside A., Montali L., Marchegiani E., Trozzi I., Guardigli M., Mirasoli M., and Michelini E.
- Subjects
Luminescence ,Point-of-Care System ,Computer science ,Point-of-Care Systems ,02 engineering and technology ,Review ,Biosensing Techniques ,bio-chemiluminescence ,TP1-1185 ,paper-based ,biosensor ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry ,Biosensing Technique ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Routine analysis ,Adaptation (computer science) ,Instrumentation ,Analysis method ,Immunoassay ,immunosensor ,Chemical technology ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Scientific production ,Paper based ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,0104 chemical sciences ,point-of-care ,Systems engineering ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Since the introduction of paper-based analytical devices as potential diagnostic platforms a few decades ago, huge efforts have been made in this field to develop systems suitable for meeting the requirements for the point-of-care (POC) approach. Considerable progress has been achieved in the adaptation of existing analysis methods to a paper-based format, especially considering the chemiluminescent (CL)-immunoassays-based techniques. The implementation of biospecific assays with CL detection and paper-based technology represents an ideal solution for the development of portable analytical devices for on-site applications, since the peculiarities of these features create a unique combination for fitting the POC purposes. Despite this, the scientific production is not paralleled by the diffusion of such devices into everyday life. This review aims to highlight the open issues that are responsible for this discrepancy and to find the aspects that require a focused and targeted research to make these methods really applicable in routine analysis.
- Published
- 2021
36. Color is necessary for specialized face learning in the Northern paper wasp, Polistes fuscatus
- Author
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Christopher M. Jernigan, Natalie C. Zaba, Michael J. Sheehan, Jay A. Stafstrom, and Caleb C. Vogt
- Subjects
Paper wasp ,Polistes fuscatus ,biology ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Pattern recognition ,biology.organism_classification ,Facial recognition system ,Grayscale ,Brain region ,Face (geometry) ,Social experience ,Chromatic scale ,Artificial intelligence ,business - Abstract
Visual individual recognition requires animals to distinguish among conspecifics based on appearance. Though visual individual recognition has been reported in a range of taxa, the features that animals rely on to discriminate between individuals are often not well understood. Northern paper wasp females, Polistes fuscatus, possess individually distinctive color patterns on their faces, which mediate individual recognition. It is currently unclear what facial features P. fuscatus use to distinguish individuals. The anterior optic tubercle, a chromatic processing brain region, is especially sensitive to social experience during development, suggesting that color may be important for recognition in this species. We sought to test the roles of color in wasp facial recognition. Color may be important simply because it creates a pattern. If this is the case, then wasps should perform similarly when discriminating color or grayscale images of the same faces. Alternatively, color itself may be important for recognition, which would predict poorer performance on grayscale image discrimination relative to color images. We found wasps trained on grayscale faces, unlike those trained on color images, did not perform better than chance. Suggesting that color is necessary for the recognition of an image as a face by the wasp visual system.
- Published
- 2021
37. New Result on the Feedback Capacity of the Action-Dependent Dirty Paper Wiretap Channel
- Author
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Guangfen Xie and Bin Dai
- Subjects
Computer science ,Science ,QC1-999 ,Gaussian ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,General Physics and Astronomy ,02 engineering and technology ,Astrophysics ,Interference (wave propagation) ,Upper and lower bounds ,Article ,symbols.namesake ,action encoder ,wiretap channel ,Control theory ,Secrecy ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Physics ,Transmitter ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,channel feedback ,Action (physics) ,QB460-466 ,symbols ,intelligent reflecting surfaces ,State (computer science) ,dirty paper channel ,Communication channel - Abstract
The Gaussian wiretap channel with noncausal state interference available at the transmitter, which is also called the dirty paper wiretap channel (DP-WTC), has been extensively studied in the literature. Recently, it has been shown that taking actions on the corrupted state interference of the DP-WTC (also called the action-dependent DP-WTC) helps to increase the secrecy capacity of the DP-WTC. Subsequently, it has been shown that channel feedback further increases the secrecy capacity of the action-dependent DP-WTC (AD-DP-WTC), and a sub-optimal feedback scheme is proposed for this feedback model. In this paper, a two-step hybrid scheme and a corresponding new lower bound on the secrecy capacity of the AD-DP-WTC with noiseless feedback are proposed. The proposed new lower bound is shown to be optimal (achieving the secrecy capacity) and tighter than the existing one in the literature for some cases, and the results of this paper are further explained via numerical examples.
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Multispecialty Enterprise Imaging Workgroup Consensus on Interactive Multimedia Reporting Current State and Road to the Future: HIMSS-SIIM Collaborative White Paper
- Author
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Shawn D. Clark, Alexander K. Goel, Monief Eid, Christopher J. Roth, James E. Tcheng, Elliot Lewis Silver, Damien M. Luviano, Veronica Rotemberg, Karen S. Thullner, Kelly Miller, David Kwan, Genevieve Jacobs, Ceferino Obcemea, Jean-Pierre Bissonnette, Abdul Moiz Hafiz, Erik S. Storm, Cree M. Gaskin, Toby C. Cornish, David Vining, Alejandro Berlin, Les R. Folio, Seth A. Berkowitz, Morgan P. McBee, Anil V. Parwani, and David A. Clunie
- Subjects
Diagnostic Imaging ,Consensus ,Alphanumeric ,Computer science ,education ,DATA ELEMENTS ,RECOMMENDATIONS ,Article ,Enterprise imaging ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,World Wide Web ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,White paper ,RADIOLOGY-REPORTS ,QUALITY ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Workgroup ,ANALYTICS ,HIT standards ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,Event (computing) ,business.industry ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging ,Timeline ,STANDARDIZATION ,Hyperlink ,Interoperability ,CANCER ,Computer Science Applications ,Metadata ,PATHOLOGY REPORT ,Networking and Information Technology R&D ,Radiology Information Systems ,Multimedia ,Reporting ,REFERRING PHYSICIANS ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Biomedical Imaging ,POLICY STATEMENT ,Radiology ,business ,Interactive media - Abstract
Diagnostic and evidential static image, video clip, and sound multimedia are captured during routine clinical care in cardiology, dermatology, ophthalmology, pathology, physiatry, radiation oncology, radiology, endoscopic procedural specialties, and other medical disciplines. Providers typically describe the multimedia findings in contemporaneous electronic health record clinical notes or associate a textual interpretative report. Visual communication aids commonly used to connect, synthesize, and supplement multimedia and descriptive text outside medicine remain technically challenging to integrate into patient care. Such beneficial interactive elements may include hyperlinks between text, multimedia elements, alphanumeric and geometric annotations, tables, graphs, timelines, diagrams, anatomic maps, and hyperlinks to external educational references that patients or provider consumers may find valuable. This HIMSS-SIIM Enterprise Imaging Community workgroup white paper outlines the current and desired clinical future state of interactive multimedia reporting (IMR). The workgroup adopted a consensus definition of IMR as “interactive medical documentation that combines clinical images, videos, sound, imaging metadata, and/or image annotations with text, typographic emphases, tables, graphs, event timelines, anatomic maps, hyperlinks, and/or educational resources to optimize communication between medical professionals, and between medical professionals and their patients.” This white paper also serves as a precursor for future efforts toward solving technical issues impeding routine interactive multimedia report creation and ingestion into electronic health records.
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- 2021
39. A Hybrid Personalized Scientific Paper Recommendation Approach Integrating Public Contextual Metadata
- Author
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Saravanakumar Gurusamy, Md. Abdul Based, Khalid Haruna, Rodina Ahmad, Mominul Ahsan, Julfikar Hiader, and Nazmus Sakib
- Subjects
Context model ,Information retrieval ,General Computer Science ,Computer science ,Scientific paper recommendation ,Feature extraction ,General Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Recommender system ,public contextual metadata ,TK1-9971 ,Metadata ,Order (exchange) ,020204 information systems ,collaborative filtering ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Collaborative filtering ,Mean reciprocal rank ,content-based filtering ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,General Materials Science ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,Baseline (configuration management) ,hybrid approach - Abstract
Rapid increase in scholarly publications on the web has posed a new challenge to the researchers in finding highly relevant and important research articles associated with a particular area of interest. Even a highly relevant paper is sometimes missed especially for novice researchers due to lack of knowledge and experience in finding and accessing the most suitable articles. Scholarly recommender system is a very appropriate tool for this purpose that can enable researchers to locate relevant publications easily and quickly. However, the main downside of the existing approaches is that their effectiveness is dependent on priori user profiles and thus, they cannot recommend papers to the new users. Furthermore, the system uses both public and non-public metadata and therefore, the system is unable to find similarities between papers efficiently due to copyright restrictions. Considering the above challenges, in this research work, a novel hybrid approach is proposed that separately combines a Content Based Filtering (CBF) recommender module and a Collaborative Filtering (CF) recommender module. Unlike previous CBF and CF approaches, public contextual metadata and paper-citation relationship information are effectively incorporated into these two approaches separately to enhance the recommendation accuracy. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach, publicly available datasets were employed. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms the baseline approaches in terms of standard metrics (precision, recall, F1-measure, mean average precision, and mean reciprocal rank), indicating that the proposed approach is more efficient in recommending scholarly publications.
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- 2021
40. A co‐training ‐based approach for the hierarchical multi‐label classification of research papers
- Author
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Khalil Drira, Hatem Bellaaj, Abir Masmoudi, Mohamed Jmaiel, Université de Sfax - University of Sfax, Équipe Services et Architectures pour Réseaux Avancés (LAAS-SARA), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Unité de Recherche en développement et contrôle d'applications distribuées (REDCAD), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax | National School of Engineers of Sfax (ENIS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
- Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology ,Computer science ,02 engineering and technology ,Semi-supervised learning ,Imbalanced data ,[INFO.INFO-SE]Computer Science [cs]/Software Engineering [cs.SE] ,Hierarchical Multi-label classication ,Machine learning ,computer.software_genre ,Theoretical Computer Science ,Set (abstract data type) ,Consistency (database systems) ,[INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI] ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,Cardinality ,Co-training ,Artificial Intelligence ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Multi-label classification ,Hierarchy (mathematics) ,business.industry ,[INFO.INFO-WB]Computer Science [cs]/Web ,Research papers classication ,Bibliographic coupling ,ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,Control and Systems Engineering ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,[INFO.INFO-ET]Computer Science [cs]/Emerging Technologies [cs.ET] ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,computer - Abstract
International audience; This paper focuses on the problem of the hierarchical multi‐label classification of research papers, which is the task of assigning the set of relevant labels for a paper from a hierarchy, using reduced amounts of labelled training data. Specifically, we study leveraging unlabelled data, which are usually plentiful and easy to collect, in addition to the few available labelled ones in a semi‐supervised learning framework for achieving better performance results. Thus, in this paper, we propose a semi‐supervised approach for the hierarchical multi‐label classification task of research papers based on the well‐known Co‐training algorithm, which exploit content and bibliographic coupling information as two distinct papers' views. In our approach, two hierarchical multi‐label classifiers, are learnt on different views of the labelled data, and iteratively select their most confident unlabelled samples, which are further added to the labelled set. The success of our suggested Co‐training‐based approach lies in two main components. The first is the use of two suggested selection criteria (i.e., Maximum Agreement and Labels Cardinality Consistency) that enforce selecting confident unlabelled samples. The second is the appliance of an oversampling method that rebalances the labels distribution of the initial labelled set, which reduces the reinforcement of the label imbalance issue during the Co‐training learning. The proposed approach is evaluated using a collection of scientific papers extracted from the ACM digital library. Performed experiments show the effectiveness of our approach with regards to several baseline methods.
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- 2021
41. Process simulation-based evaluation of design and operational implications of water-laid paper machine conversion to foam technology
- Author
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Lotta Sorsamäki, Eemeli Hytönen, and Antti Koponen
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,business.product_category ,foam forming ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Process (computing) ,Forming processes ,Bioengineering ,process configuration ,computer.software_genre ,process simulation ,Simulation software ,Paper machine ,water balance ,New product development ,Process simulation ,Process engineering ,business ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Dimensioning ,computer ,Electronic circuit ,ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS - Abstract
Foam forming technology has attracted much attention during the past few years in the paper industry. Its advantages compared to conventional water forming are a new product portfolio and increased process efficiency. To support the paper industry in pushing foam forming technology forward, process simulation is needed to provide supporting data for strategic decision-making and as a basis for equipment dimensioning. This study examined the conversion of an existing wallpaper machine from water to foam forming technology using process simulation. To determine the required process configuration and parameter changes in the existing process, both published and unpublished data on the foam forming process were collected. This paper also describes modeling of the foam phase in the selected simulation software. The suitability of existing paper process equipment for foam was analyzed. Simulations revealed that undisturbed operation with foam requires some equipment modifications and re-arrangements in water circuits. With foam forming, the water balance in both short and long circulation changes remarkably compared to conventional water forming, leading to a large increase in the long circulation volume flows.
- Published
- 2021
42. Group-Oriented Paper Recommendation With Probabilistic Matrix Factorization and Evidential Reasoning in Scientific Social Network
- Author
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Zhen Shao, Hanru Wang, Yan Chu, Xinyue Zhang, and Gang Wang
- Subjects
Human-Computer Interaction ,Social network ,Probabilistic matrix factorization ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Group (mathematics) ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Evidential reasoning approach ,Artificial intelligence ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Software ,Computer Science Applications - Published
- 2022
43. Position paper: GPT conjecture: understanding the trade-offs between granularity, performance and timeliness in control-flow integrity
- Author
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Zhilong Wang and Peng Liu
- Subjects
Scheme (programming language) ,Computer engineering. Computer hardware ,Conjecture ,Computer Networks and Communications ,Computer science ,Trade-off ,Subject (documents) ,QA75.5-76.95 ,Computer security ,computer.software_genre ,TK7885-7895 ,Artificial Intelligence ,Ask price ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,Key (cryptography) ,Position paper ,Granularity ,Control-flow integrity ,computer ,Software ,Information Systems ,computer.programming_language - Abstract
Performance/security trade-off is widely noticed in CFI research, however, we observe that not every CFI scheme is subject to the trade-off. Motivated by the key observation, we ask three questions: ➊ does trade-off really exist in different CFI schemes? ➋ if trade-off do exist, how do previous works comply with it? ➌ how can it inspire future research? Although the three questions probably cannot be directly answered, they are inspiring. We find that a deeper understanding of the nature of the trade-off will help answer the three questions. Accordingly, we proposed theGPTconjecture to pinpoint the trade-off in designing CFI schemes, which says that at most two out of three properties (fine granularity, acceptable performance, and preventive protection) could be achieved.
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- 2021
44. Rock-Paper-Scissors Play: Beyond the Win-Stay/Lose-Change Strategy
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Frederic Moisan, Hanshu Zhang, and Cleotilde Gonzalez
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Statistics and Probability ,Technology ,Computer science ,Social Sciences ,rock-paper-scissors ,Downgrade ,Outcome (game theory) ,win-stay/lose-change ,03 medical and health sciences ,Adversarial system ,Theory of mind ,0502 economics and business ,ddc:330 ,050207 economics ,030304 developmental biology ,theory of mind ,0303 health sciences ,business.industry ,Applied Mathematics ,05 social sciences ,Stochastic game ,Probabilistic logic ,Upgrade ,Artificial intelligence ,Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty ,business ,Diversity (business) - Abstract
This research studied the strategies that players use in sequential adversarial games. We took the Rock-Paper-Scissors (RPS) game as an example and ran players in two experiments. The first experiment involved two humans, who played the RPS together for 100 times. Importantly, our payoff design in the RPS allowed us to differentiate between participants who used a random strategy from those who used a Nash strategy. We found that participants did not play in agreement with the Nash strategy, but rather, their behavior was closer to random. Moreover, the analyses of the participants’ sequential actions indicated heterogeneous cycle-based behaviors: some participants’ actions were independent of their past outcomes, some followed a well-known win-stay/lose-change strategy, and others exhibited the win-change/lose-stay behavior. To understand the sequential patterns of outcome-dependent actions, we designed probabilistic computer algorithms involving specific change actions (i.e., to downgrade or upgrade according to the immediate past outcome): the Win-Downgrade/Lose-Stay (WDLS) or Win-Stay/Lose-Upgrade (WSLU) strategies. Experiment 2 used these strategies against a human player. Our findings show that participants followed a win-stay strategy against the WDLS algorithm and a lose-change strategy against the WSLU algorithm, while they had difficulty in using an upgrade/downgrade direction, suggesting humans’ limited ability to detect and counter the actions of the algorithm. Taken together, our two experiments showed a large diversity of sequential strategies, where the win-stay/lose-change strategy did not describe the majority of human players’ dynamic behaviors in this adversarial situation.
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- 2021
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45. A Multi-Chamber Paper-Based Platform for the Detection of Amyloid β Oligomers 42 via Copper-Enhanced Gold Immunoblotting
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Sungbo Cho and Le-Minh-Tu Phan
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copper-enhanced gold nanoprobe ,Amyloid β ,Computer science ,Immunoblotting ,Nanoprobe ,Metal Nanoparticles ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,amyloid beta 42 oligomers ,Biosensing Techniques ,Microbiology ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,multi-chamber ,Amyloid Beta 42 ,wax printing ,Alzheimer Disease ,Limit of Detection ,Humans ,Medical diagnosis ,Molecular Biology ,Amyloid beta-Peptides ,Manufacturing process ,Communication ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Paper based ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,QR1-502 ,Peptide Fragments ,0104 chemical sciences ,Highly sensitive ,colorimetric immunoblot ,Gold ,0210 nano-technology ,Biosensor ,Alzheimer’s disease ,Biomarkers ,Copper - Abstract
The early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains a challenge for medical scientists worldwide, leading to a number of research efforts that focus on biosensor development for AD biomarkers. However, the application of these complicated biosensors is limited in medical diagnosis, due to the difficulties in robust sensing platform development, high costs, and the necessity for technical professionals. We successfully developed a robust straightforward manufacturing process for the fabrication of multi-chamber paper devices using the wax printing method and exploited it to detect amyloid beta 42 oligomers (AβO42, a significant biomarker of AD) using copper-enhanced gold nanoprobe colorimetric immunoblotting. Small hydrophilic reaction chambers could concentrate the target sample to the desired size to improve the sensing performance. The copper-enhanced gold nanoprobe immunoblot using the designed multi-chamber platform exhibited a highly sensitive performance with a limit of detection of 320 pg/mL by the naked eye and 23.7 pg/mL by a smartphone camera. This process from sensing manufacture to sensing conduction is simple to perform whenever medical technicians require time- and cost-savings, without complicated instruments or the need for technical professionals, making it feasible to serve as a diagnostic tool worldwide for the early monitoring of AD and scalable devices for the sensing application of various biomarkers in clinical settings.
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- 2021
46. fNIRS Signal Classification Based on Deep Learning in Rock-Paper-Scissors Imagery Task
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Yuting Xia, Tengfei Ma, Xin Li, Chen Wentian, Sailing He, and Xinhua Zhu
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Time series classification ,Technology ,Computer science ,QH301-705.5 ,Speech recognition ,QC1-999 ,fNIRS ,02 engineering and technology ,Task (project management) ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Signal classification ,Motor imagery ,General Materials Science ,Biology (General) ,BCI ,Instrumentation ,QD1-999 ,Brain–computer interface ,TSC ,Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,business.industry ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,Deep learning ,Physics ,General Engineering ,deep learning ,rock–paper–scissors ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,Computer Science Applications ,Chemistry ,Duration (music) ,Artificial intelligence ,TA1-2040 ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,CNN - Abstract
To explore whether the brain contains pattern differences in the rock–paper–scissors (RPS) imagery task, this paper attempts to classify this task using fNIRS and deep learning. In this study, we designed an RPS task with a total duration of 25 min and 40 s, and recruited 22 volunteers for the experiment. We used the fNIRS acquisition device (FOIRE-3000) to record the cerebral neural activities of these participants in the RPS task. The time series classification (TSC) algorithm was introduced into the time-domain fNIRS signal classification. Experiments show that CNN-based TSC methods can achieve 97% accuracy in RPS classification. CNN-based TSC method is suitable for the classification of fNIRS signals in RPS motor imagery tasks, and may find new application directions for the development of brain–computer interfaces (BCI).
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- 2021
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47. Overlap Detection in 2D Amorphous Shapes for Paper Optimization in Digital Printing Presses
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Rafael Rivera-López, Juan Manuel Rendón-Mancha, Marco Antonio Cruz-Chávez, Yainier Labrada-Nueva, Marta Lilia Eraña-Díaz, and Martín H. Cruz-Rosales
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Computer science ,Iterated local search ,General Mathematics ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,resource allocation ,02 engineering and technology ,neighborhood structure ,Reduction (complexity) ,overlaps ,perturbations ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Computer Science (miscellaneous) ,QA1-939 ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Structure (mathematical logic) ,021103 operations research ,business.industry ,paper waste ,amorphous shapes ,Amorphous solid ,Resource allocation ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Digital printing ,business ,Algorithm ,Mathematics - Abstract
Paper waste in the mockups design with regular, irregular, and amorphous patterns is a critical problem in digital printing presses. Paper waste reduction directly impacts production costs, generating business and environmental benefits. This problem can be mapped to the two-dimensional irregular bin-packing problem. In this paper, an iterated local search algorithm using a novel neighborhood structure to detect overlaps between amorphous shapes is introduced. This algorithm is used to solve the paper waste problem, modeled as one 2D irregular bin-packing problem. The experimental results show that this approach works efficiently and effectively to detect and correct the overlaps between regular, irregular, and amorphous figures.
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- 2021
48. Towards detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in human saliva: A paper-based cell-free toehold switch biosensor with a visual bioluminescent output
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Alex B. Benedict, Chandler A. Warr, William G. Pitt, Melissa K. Takahashi, Emily Long Zhao, J. Porter Hunt, Joel S. Griffitts, Bradley C. Bundy, Tyler J. Free, and Mehran Soltani
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Saliva ,Computer science ,RNase P ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Bioengineering ,Biosensing Techniques ,Computational biology ,Toehold Switch ,Humans ,Bioluminescence ,LDPE, low density polyethylene ,Luciferases ,Molecular Biology ,CFPS ,CFPS, cell-free protein synthesis ,Cell-free protein synthesis ,SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 ,RNA ,nucleic acid diagnostic ,General Medicine ,Full length Article ,Luminescent Measurements ,Nucleic acid ,RT-PCR, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ,RNA, Viral ,sfGFP, superfolder green fluorescent protein ,TXTL ,PoC, point of care ,Biosensor ,mRI, Murine RNase inhibitor ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Graphical Abstract Illustration of the assembly, distribution, and point-of-care use of a rapidly-deployable, cell-free COVID-19 biosensor: 1) Assemble: Assembling CFPS reagents by mixing E. coli lysate, murine RNase Inhibitor (mRI), energy sources, cofactors, and toehold switch riboregulator plasmid. 2) Print: aliquoting CFPS reagents onto paper substrates housed in a plastic test cassette. 3) Dehydrate: lyophilizing CFPS reagents on paper substrates. 4) Distribute. 5) Saliva sample: applying saliva samples onto cassette without pretreatments. 6) Reaction: bioluminescent protein expression in presence of target RNA (+), or ribosome detachment in absence of target RNA (-). 7) Visual result: bioluminescent output in the presence of target RNA and NanoLuc luciferase expression., The COVID-19 pandemic has illustrated the global demand for rapid, low-cost, widely distributable and point-of-care nucleic acid diagnostic technologies. Such technologies could help disrupt transmission, sustain economies and preserve health and lives during widespread infection. In contrast, conventional nucleic acid diagnostic procedures require trained personnel, complex laboratories, expensive equipment, and protracted processing times. In this work, lyophilized cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) and toehold switch riboregulators are employed to develop a promising paper-based nucleic acid diagnostic platform activated simply by the addition of saliva. First, to facilitate distribution and deployment, an economical paper support matrix is identified and a mass-producible test cassette designed with integral saliva sample receptacles. Next, CFPS is optimized in the presence of saliva using murine RNase inhibitor. Finally, original toehold switch riboregulators are engineered to express the bioluminescent reporter NanoLuc in response to SARS-CoV-2 RNA sequences present in saliva samples. The biosensor generates a visible signal in as few as seven minutes following administration of 15 μL saliva enriched with high concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 RNA sequences. The estimated cost of this test is less than 0.50 USD, which could make this platform readily accessible to both the developed and developing world. While additional research is needed to decrease the limit of detection, this work represents important progress toward developing a diagnostic technology that is rapid, low-cost, distributable and deployable at the point-of-care by a layperson.
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- 2022
49. Beyond Boundaries of Cultural Capital in Determining the Inclusion of Information Technology in the High School Curriculum
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Dewa, Alton
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Few high schools offer Information Technology (IT)) as a subject in South Africa. This paper used Bourdieu's conception of cultural capital to investigate the reasons why many public schools are shunning away from including IT in their curriculum. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analysed using ANOVA, to determine whether cultural capital influences choosing IT as one of the subjects in the school curriculum. The results showed that public high school principals view IT as a subject that should be done in schools where there is medium-to-high cultural capital status. It is a challenge for schools with low cultural capital to offer IT among their subjects as it is not practiced by the community or society in which the schools exist. The paper concludes by recommending that there is room for the so-called 'low cultural capital' schools to offer IT among their subjects despite the challenges they are facing. Cultural capital does not hinder students' performance. Students from low cultural capital communities can achieve good grades even though they learn under difficult circumstances of inadequate educational resources.
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- 2022
50. Proceedings of International Conference on Research in Education and Science (Antalya, Turkey, March 24-27, 2022). Volume 1
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International Society for Technology, Education and Science (ISTES) Organization, Shelley, Mack, Akcay, Hakan, and Ozturk, Omer Tayfur
- Abstract
"Proceedings of International Conference on Research in Education and Science" includes full papers presented at the International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES) which took place on March 24-27, 2022 in Antalya, Turkey. The aim of the conference is to offer opportunities to share ideas, to discuss theoretical and practical issues and to connect with the leaders in the fields of education and science. The conference is organized annually by the International Society for Technology, Education, and Science (ISTES). The ICRES invites submissions which address the theory, research or applications in all disciplines of education and science. The ICRES is organized for: faculty members in all disciplines of education and science, graduate students, K-12 administrators, teachers, principals and all interested in education and science. After peer-reviewing process, all full papers are published in the Conference Proceedings. [Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]
- Published
- 2022
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