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Predatory publishing is the unethical and dishonest behavior of publishers who take advantage of researchers by charging them too much money and not providing good editing and peer-review services. Scholars, publishers and policymakers are seeking solutions to combat predatory publishing, which has become a major academic problem. This research paper provides a bibliometric analysis of the citation patterns and trends in the predatory publishing literature. The study analyzed the 100 top-cited papers on predatory publishing and provided insight into the types of documents, journals, authors, and countries that contributed to this field. The average citation per paper in the top 100 selected publications was 53.67. Open-access publications received a significantly higher average citation per paper than subscription-based papers. "Article" was the major type of document published, followed by "Notes," "Reviews" and "Editorials." Nature and Learned Publishing were the journals that contained the highest number of top-cited articles. J. Beall and D. Moher authored the highest number of papers, while A. Grudniewicz had the highest average citation per paper. USA and Canada were the top countries in these top-cited publications. This study will be beneficial to the all the stakeholders who may be interested in this area of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transforming Pulp and Paper (P&P) mills into Integrated Forest Biorefineries (IFBR) is a prominent solution to save Canadian P&P industry that has been facing decline of conventional paper demand. We propose a comprehensive decision model for the design of IFBR value chains by taking the uncertain demand of bioproducts into consideration. In particular, we propose a multi-stage stochastic programming model to obtain the optimal investment plan over a long-term planning horizon in the presence of various market trends. We also develop a Monte-Carlo simulation platform to validate the proposed model and to compare its performance with alternative decision models. The model is applied to a realistic case study inspired from P&P companies in Canada, where the value of incorporating the dynamic nature of uncertain demand has been estimated. Further, we elaborate on the value of considering flexibility in terms of adjusting the investment plan in response to changes in the demand. Our results indicate that the demand for bioproducts has a substantial impact on the profitability of the IFBR. We also demonstrated the significant value of explicitly incorporating the uncertainty in IFBR network design as well as adapting the investment plan to the changes in the demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bibliometric analysis of the Scopus database was performed to identify research trends related to cross-laminated timber (CLT) from 2006, when the earliest publication was found, to 2018. The analysis revealed a rapidly increasing number of annual publications, great contribution of conference papers to the total scientific production regarding this topic, a high degree of transdisciplinary collaboration, and a particularly remarkable contribution by Canada and Italy. The applied bibliometric network analysis was useful to determine the strategic diagram of topic clusters and their evolution through time. Number of cited papers and analysis of frequent keywords provided insight to identify the most relevant research topics: the seismic performance of CLT structures, and the mechanical properties of connections between different CLT substructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of INFOR is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A complex dynamical network (CDN) can be considered as the composition system with the nodes subsystem (NS) and the links subsystem (LS), and both subsystems are coupled with each other. In this paper, two vector differential equations (VDE) are used to describe the dynamical behaviours of NS and LS, respectively, in which the dynamical behaviour of NS is considered as the VDE with the second derivative term (SDT). This paper mainly focuses on the dynamics of LS, which is represented as VDE with the intuitive topologic feature of outgoing links, and investigates the design of the tracking controller for NS and the auxiliary tracking objectives (ATO) for LS. Firstly, the dynamical models of NS and LS in CDN are proposed, and the corresponding assumptions are given. Secondly, based on Lyapunov stability theory, the controller of NS and the ATO of LS are designed so that the state of NS can asymptotically track the given reference signal. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy in this paper is verified by the numerical simulation example with N two-links robots. Abbreviations: ATO: auxiliary tracking objectives; CDN: complex dynamical network; LS: links subsystem; MDE: matrix differential equation; NS: nodes subsystem; SDT:second derivative term; VDE: vector differential equation; [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inuit face worse cancer survival rates and outcomes than the general Canadian population. Persistent health disparities cannot be understood without examining the structural factors that create inequities and continue to impact the health and well-being of Inuit. This scoping review aims to synthesise the available published and grey literature on the structural factors that influence cancer care experienced by Inuit in Canada. Guided by Inuit input from Pauktuutit Inuit Women of Canada as well as the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology, a comprehensive electronic search along with hand-searching of grey literature and relevant journals was conducted. A total of 30 papers were included for analysis and assessment of relevance. Findings were organised into five categories as defined in the a priori framework related to colonisation, as well as health systems, social, economic, and political structures. The study results highlight interconnections between racism and colonialism, the lack of health service information on urban Inuit, as well as the need for system-wide efforts to address the structural barriers in cancer care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twelve qualitative case studies in German and Canadian hospitals and IT companies were used in this mixed-methods study analysing the labour market outcomes of immigrants. The reported case studies investigate the immigrants' recognition, integration process and the usability of foreign qualifications, skills and work experiences in the labour market. Furthermore, the strategies and rationales of employers and employees within the recruiting process are analysed. Here, the focus lies on the transferability and obstacles of cultural and social capital across country borders as well as the relevant framework conditions. This paper refers to Bourdieu's approach towards different types of capital as well as the rational choice theory. The results demonstrate that immigrants in both countries face more obstacles accessing the labour market within the health sector than within the IT sector. The context of the recruiting situation strongly affects the strategies and behaviour of the employers or the recruiters. Within these sector- and country-specific confines, individual factors determine the immigrants' labour market success. Furthermore, the sector and the country affect the relevance of each individual factor in the recruiting process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates the double tracking control problem for the complex dynamic network (CDN) with an unavailable link state. Firstly, from the angle of a large-scale system, the dynamical model of CDN is described by the vector differential equations, which consists of node dynamic subsystem (NDS) and link dynamic subsystem (LDS), in which the weighted-values of links are regarded as the state variables of LDS. Secondly, to realise the double tracking control (DT-Control) of CDN, the presented DT-Control scheme in this paper includes the synthesis of controller for NDS and the coupling term in LDS, which can ensure that the two subsystems track the given reference targets. The tracking of NDS contains the synchronisation of nodes as the special case, and the tracking of LDS shows that the eventual topologic structure of CDN will be determined only by the given link reference signal. Due to the economic and technological limitations of sensors in the practice applications, this paper assumes that the state variables of LDS are unavailable in the DT-Control scheme. Finally, the engineering simulation example is given to verify the validity of DT-Control scheme proposed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the relationship between federalism and the policy design of labour market policies in two liberal welfare state regimes – Canada and the United States – addressing the following research question: How do variations in policy design intersect with federalism in both countries and how can these variations provide powerful, self-reinforcing or self-undermining feedback effects over time? Combining the literatures on the varieties of federalism, the liberal welfare regime, and policy design and feedback, the paper shows that paying close attention to federalism is necessary to understand diverse national policy designs that produce self-reinforcing feedback effects over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been little exploration of the social and emotional wellbeing of young Indigenous populations who identify as gender and sexuality diverse. Given the vulnerability of this cohort in settler colonial societies such as Australia, Canada and the USA, wider investigation is called for in order to respond to their needs and aspirations. Using a scoping review, this paper maps existing research on the intersections of youth, gender and sexuality diversity, Indigeneity and wellbeing. The evidence points to the importance of historical and contemporary experiences tied to colonisation and intergenerational trauma. For young Indigenous gender and sexuality diverse peoples, heteronormative colonial value systems converge to produce environments characterised by racism, phobia and marginalisation. The evidence base includes deficit models based on trauma and negative outcomes. However, there is also an emerging body of research highlighting the resistance and resilience of Indigenous gender and sexuality diverse youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to present a bibliometric analysis of scientific documents in the field of traumatic brain injury rehabilitation. Methods: Web of Science was used to collect bibliographic data of traumatic brain injury rehabilitation documents from 1983 until the end of 2017. Results: Of a total of 6069 documents retrieved, 78.2% were journal articles. The average annual growth of the documents as of the year 2000 was 9.4%. The most frequent subject categories in this field were Rehabilitation, Neurosciences and Neurology, Sport Sciences, Psychology, and General and Internal Medicine. The most active journal was Brain Injury. More than 50% of the documents were published in 10 journals. The most prolific and impactful institutions were from the USA, Australia and Canada. Traumatic brain injury, rehabilitation, brain injury, stroke and outcome were the most commonly used keywords. Mild traumatic brain injury and concussion were the topics receiving attention in recent years. Conclusion: Traumatic brain injury rehabilitation is a young and constantly growing field. Since the late 1990s, traumatic brain injury rehabilitation documents published yearly comprised about 3–4% of all rehabilitation documents. It was shown that review papers and proceedings have more impact than journal articles, and collaborative papers receive more citations. It was also revealed that knowledge does not become obsolete rapidly in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite widespread criticisms, governments around the world have adopted Value for Money (VfM) analysis as a key metric in gauging the prospective value of infrastructure projects. This paper examines the institutional processes through which VfM is rendered defensible as a form of valuation. Drawing on a case study of Infrastructure Ontario in Canada, the paper demonstrates that this involves strategies for partitioning space and time, including boundary work, objectification, phasing and outsourcing. We argue that the institution of delays and distances ultimately fosters the displacement of subjectivity in the valuation process while entrenching distinctively financialized understandings of value. Moreover, we demonstrate that this is driven not so much by the organization's desire to control the future but by a defensive orientation that sets out to ward off potential critiques that may arise from project failures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the values and practices usually subsumed under the notion of "good citizenship" are said to have changed dramatically over the past 25 years or so, scholars are still struggling to characterize the concrete nature of these changes. Proposing a novel interdisciplinary approach that marries normative theory with empirically driven political sociology, in this paper we examine the explanations and justifications that flanked a plethora of new citizenship policies implemented under the former Stephen Harper-led Conservative government (2006–2015) in Canada. Critically employing Amitai Etzioni's comparative typology of citizenship philosophies, we examine three types of Conservative policy discourses pertaining to citizenship, namely speeches given by the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration, speeches given by members of the Conservative Party in the House of Commons, and government press releases. In contrast to Etzioni's optimistic presentation of neo-communitarianism in political and philosophical terms, our study reveals that the exclusionary discourses and practices that accompany this approach in practice demand greater attention. In the case of the Harper Conservatives, we argue that their approach is best understood as a re-communitarianization of citizenship in neoliberal times that creatively, but only sparingly, invokes libertarian and liberal ideals in comparison to its use of what we identify to be (1) patriotic and (2) insecure communitarian discourses. Our findings point to both the exclusionary potentials and realities of neo-communitarian citizenship. They contribute to scholarship that argues the that the destruction of social ties, solidarity and "community" through neoliberal and neoconservative politics is often camouflaged and/or advanced by aggressive neo-communitarian discourses that harken back to or reinvent past ethnic or monocultural nationalisms, while only selectively including "deserving" Others at the margins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper looks at how legislative quality is addressed in Canada by private (non-Executive) members of the two legislative chambers forming part of the federal Parliament (the Senate and the House of Commons). It considers legislative quality from three perspectives (1. Policy and Politics, 2. Legality, 3. Accessibility / Intelligibility) and reviews the resources and mechanisms parliamentarians have at their disposal to assess and improve the quality of legislation. The paper concludes that, while there is some potential for considerable parliamentary contribution to legislative quality, it is in fact relatively limited. This largely results from the dominant role the Executive plays in the development and enactment of legislation. The paper suggests the current pandemic crisis might provide an opportunity to re-evaluate this dominance and approaches to addressing legislative quality in Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing heavily on Indigenous authors, this paper explores the historical roots to the emergence of Canada as a genocidal and apartheid state with respect to its Indigenous peoples. A major theme of the paper is that historical injustices grounded in settler colonial priorities continue to inform contemporary socio/political contexts that maintain Canada's status as a racist, apartheid and genocidal state with respect to Indigenous peoples. Examples drawn from the Lytton fire of 2020 and the November floods in British Columbia highlight that the needs and rights of Indigenous peoples will always take a back seat to Canada's corporate economic interests. A corollary to the paper constitutes the dismantling of Canada's "Big Lie" that Canada is a progressive country that has shown considerable progress in its relationship with Indigenous peoples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid waste management refers to collecting, treating, and disposing of solid waste that has served its purpose or is no longer useful. The primary purpose of this research is to map and visualize the solid waste management literature indexed on the Web of science between 1966 and 2021 based on bibliometrics analysis. This study also identified the most productive authors, sources, organizations, countries, research areas, funding agencies etc. This study employed the bibliometric method to analyze global research productivity on solid waste management literature. A total of 4444 research papers downloaded from the Web of science during the study period. Bibliometrics software, namely Bibexcel, VOSviewer, Biblioshiny, and Microsoft Excel, used to analyze the data. The results show that there was 4444 publication with 78759 citations between 1966 and 2021. The maximum number of papers, i.e., 424 published in 2020, in 1966 single paper published and received one citation. The journal Waste management published 382 papers and became the most relevant source of the topic, whereas Huang GH recognized as the most prolific author with 214 papers. China contributed a significant number of research papers in the field, while the University of Regina, Canada, emerged as a top-performing institution. China and Canada together collaborated more in producing literature in solid waste management. The study concludes that there is a need for further bibliometric study of other related topics in waste management, such as liquid waste management and gasses waste management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Addressing sexting in sexual health education classrooms is one way of supporting young people to become good sexual citizens and to emphasise respect and consent in their sexual practices and in their lives. While a fair amount of research has worked with youth to understand their motivations for sexting, less research has been conducted with in-service teachers to understand their perspectives, pedagogical approaches, and beliefs regarding young people and sexting. Set in this context, this paper discusses findings from interviews with Canadian teachers who were teaching a new Ontario Health and Physical Education curriculum that included discussions of sexting. Our findings suggest that many teachers are still engaging discourses of risk, shame and blame when they talk to their students about sexting. Likewise, longstanding gender norms and stereotypical sexual scripts are evident in the ways in which many teachers both understand and teach sexting. Some teachers, however, are engaging in more promising pedagogical practices that frame sexting as having a range of uses, outcomes, and purposes, painting a more holistic picture of young people's sexting landscapes. Findings from this paper may be useful for educators and policymakers creating sexting curriculum for young people in educational settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses relationships between whiteness and damage in the university classroom through a focus on two contemporary areas of critical education in Canada: raising white racial consciousness and truth and reconciliation between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people. First, whiteness is damage-producing – it orients anti-racist education towards white students and their needs, there by harming the well-being and constraining the education of non-white students. Second, whiteness gravitates towards what Unangax scholar Eve Tuck calls "damage-centred approaches," which objectify non-white suffering, pathologising Indigenous peoples whilst obfuscating the ongoing reproduction of racism and colonialism. As such, white educators must remain assiduously vigilant about a key tension regarding whiteness and damage: that our pedagogical focus on racial and colonial oppression can simultaneously raise critical consciousness and divert attention away from more fundamental interrogations of whiteness, agency, and relationality within a systemically racist social order. The article closes with some considerations for educators in terms of addressing complicity in their institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural injuries remain a major concern in North America, with a fatal injury rate of 19.5 deaths per 100,000 workers in the United States. Numerous research efforts have sought to compile and analyze records of agricultural-related injuries and fatalities at a national level, utilizing resources, ranging from newspaper clippings and hospital records to Emergency Medical System (EMS) data, death certifications, surveys, and other multiple sources. Despite these extensive efforts, a comprehensive understanding of injury trends over extended time periods and across diverse types of data sources remains elusive, primarily due to the duration of data collection and the focus on specific subsets. This systematic review, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, consolidates and analyzes agricultural injury surveillance data from 48 eligible papers published between 1985 and 2022 to offer a holistic understanding of trends and challenges. These papers, reporting an average of 25,000 injuries each, were analyzed by database source type, injury severity, nature of injury, body part, source of injury, event/exposure, and age. One key finding is that the top source of injury or event/exposure depends on the chosen surveillance system and injury severity, underscoring the need of diverse data sources for a nuanced understanding of agricultural injuries. This study provides policymakers, researchers, and practitioners with crucial insights to bolster the development and analysis of surveillance systems in agricultural safety. The overarching aim is to address the pressing issue of agricultural injuries, contributing to a safer work environment and ultimately enhancing the overall well-being of individuals engaged in agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several histories by prominent researchers in the field locate Canada among the early adopters and entrepreneurs of post-occupancy evaluation ('POE'). Despite its reputation for being in use in Canada, POE has lived comfortably on the margins of the Canadian building industry for decades, taking a backseat to more prescriptive and prognostic approaches to building performance and design quality. This paper provides a semi-systematic review and content analysis of POE as it appears today in Canadian research, policy, practice and education. Results are presented in two parts. The first part details the untold history of POE in Canada, its origins and milestone contributions, and current directions. The second part summarizes results from the literature search and discusses relevant findings. Findings show siloed efforts in POE continue to be the primary barrier to the mainstreaming of POE in Canada. Canada is, however, making headway in post-occupancy verification programmes and these programmes have the potential to pave the way for POE as an industry best-practice. The paper concludes with several recommendations to advance POE efforts, including establishing pan-Canadian performance indicators, building bridges between sectors and continuing to normalize data collection and sharing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the functional linear models in which the dependent variable is functional and the predictors are scalar, robust regularization for simultaneous variable selection and regression parameter estimation is an important yet challenging issue. In this paper, we propose two types of regularized robust estimation methods. The first estimator adopts the ideas of reproducing kernel Hilbert space, least absolute deviation and group Lasso techniques. Based on the first method, the second estimator applies the pre-whitening technique and estimates the error covariance function by using functional principal component analysis. Simulation studies are conducted to examine the performance of the proposed methods in small sample sizes. The method is also applied to the Canadian weather data set, which consists of the daily average temperature and precipitation observed by 35 meteorological stations across Canada from 1960 to 1994. Numerical simulations and real data analysis show a good performance of the proposed robust methods for function-on-scalar models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Foreign Policy Journal (CFPJ) is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Natural Fibers is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The prospects and challenges of boundary-spanning public value co-creation are one of the quintessential features of public management in the current age of complexity. This paper argues that boundary-spanning takes on a heightened salience in multilevel jurisdictions where actors must not only navigate the horizontal contours of inter-organizational relations but also vertical tiers of jurisdiction in pursuit of joint action. Drawing insights from the multilevel governance literature, and using Canada's recent Innovation Superclusters Initiative as case study, the paper sheds some light on how public managers and policy entrepreneurs navigate strategically across boundaries in federal and other multitiered systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically, there is a documented lack of support for women leaving their communities to give birth. Due to an over-emphasis on risk discourse (no distinction between low- or high-risk pregnancies with options to birth at home, the large geographical distances to regional centres within circumpolar regions, remoteness of communities, lack of qualified staff, and limited resources), women are forced to travel great distances to give birth. In Canada until 2017, women travelled alone or bore the burden of paying out of pocket for someone to travel with them for support with the births of their babies. A recent policy change has allowed for one paid escort to accompany a pregnant woman. The purpose of this paper is to provide an outcome assessment of the perinatal transport and non-medical escort policy implemented by the federal government in Canada. The paper utilises a narrative literature review along with preliminary Indigenous photovoice results to illuminate the perspectives of Indigenous families. There are numerous challenges women face when travelling for birth including feelings of loneliness and fear, stress and separation from their children, lack of community connection, financial concerns, and a loss of self-determination. Women are given an opportunity in decision-making about who will travel with them as an escort. This does little to address the disparity of delivering their babies away from their families and communities, the burden of figuring out who cares for the children at home, and the impact their absences have on health of their families. Although, additional support has been provided for birthing women in northern Canada, there continues to be little effort to return to community birthing creating safety for Indigenous families through traditional practices, Indigenous midwifery, and community ceremonies and changing the disproportionate burden of poor outcomes experienced by Indigenous women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluation is an essential organizational practice in sport, but many organizations do not have adequate capacity to engage in evaluative work. To address this gap, academic researchers partnered with Canada's Sport Information Resource Centre, a nationally serving nonprofit dedicated to knowledge translation in sport, to develop, deliver and evaluate a series of webinars and knowledge products (e.g. blog posts, videos) that aimed to build evaluation capacity among sport organizations. The initiative produced four webinars and 16 knowledge products that reached 753 sport stakeholders, with 86% of survey respondents reporting an increase in evaluation knowledge. Using the Knowledge to Action and RE-AIM frameworks, this paper provides a blueprint for higher education professionals seeking to co-develop, co-deliver and co-evaluate knowledge translation initiatives in partnership with nonprofit sport organizations in Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing literature on international health partnerships is largely normative, with an evaluative interest in their impacts in terms of learning and knowledge transfer. Rarely has research attended to how learning and knowledge transfer transpire in practice. This paper addresses this gap with a case study of a partnership between two hospitals in Canada and China. Conceptually, drawing on Actor Network Theory, it posits learning and knowledge transfer as a process of translation. Empirically, it traces the assembling of the programme, and identifies the pedagogical features at nodes of associations. It reveals that health professionals in both countries have expanded their clinical and medical knowledge and practices, and professional senses and sensitivities, which were subsequently amplified, deferred or diminished within their respective practices. It argues that the capacity of individuals to translate learning into practice is contingent on institutional and cultural differences that constitute the ecology of work for health professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indigenous tourism sector in Canada is rapidly developing. However, Indigenous communities are challenged by the overrepresentation of Indigenous children in the child welfare system. This multidisciplinary paper explores the intersection of child welfare and Indigenous tourism in Canada, specifically, by examining the role of Indigenous tourism in contributing to the welfare of Indigenous children in their communities. This paper reviewed grey Canadian tourism literature and analysed whether the industry is publicly acknowledging child welfare in their public discourse. Results indicate that Canadian tourism associations are not addressing child welfare in their public facing documents. Applying complexity theory as a lens, this paper discusses how this unlikely partnership between the child welfare and Indigenous tourism industry is critical in increasing the benefits of tourism, while intentionally finding ways to reduce the risks, particularly to children. This article concludes with recommendations on how this unlikely partnership can be fostered to become a likely partnership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the late-2000s, Canada has admitted an increasing number of foreign workers with various temporary work permits to meet local labour shortages and growing labour market demands. The rise of temporary migrants has accompanied with a policy shift, from one-step to two-step immigration, to facilitate the retention of former temporary foreign workers and international graduates who had obtained Canadian work experience and credentials. Imposing specific regulations, the policies have created a relatively privileged class of high-skilled workers who have more labour rights and transition pathways than their low-skilled counterparts. Using the analytical framework of regulated and flexible temporariness, this paper examines how unequal regulations are applied to govern the labour market participation and transition of these two groups of migrant workers. Based on secondary sources, the analysis assesses how different notions of temporariness are produced within the Canadian temporary migration programme and the two-step immigration model. This paper also contributes to shedding light on how the pandemic crisis has influenced the emerging debates on temporariness and the recent policy responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the corporate social responsibility (CSR) landscape for Canadian mining transnational corporations (TNCs) in the wake of the landmark decision of the Supreme Court of Canada in Nevsun Resources Ltd v Araya, which settles, as concrete law, the right of foreign victims of transnational torts committed by Canadian TNCs to bring an action in Canadian courts. The paper acknowledges that there has been an increasing tendency by the Canadian government to create, by way of legislation, legal responsibility for some of the corporate behaviours that had been only governed by CSR initiatives. It argues that the right of action established in the Supreme Court decision adds to the introduction of legal responsibility into the realm of social responsibility, thus calling into question the continuing relevance of CSR initiatives for mining TNCs. It concludes that despite the apparent encroachment upon the social responsibility sphere by legal responsibility, CSR initiatives still hold a place of importance for mining TNCs. Canadian mining TNCs will continue to use the CSR front to gain acceptance in local communities, but may now be potentially held legally responsible through extraterritorial litigation in Canada when their activities run afoul of their own CSR creed or programme and/or violate the rights of local people in their host countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2015, The Truth and Reconciliation Report (TRC) was released in Canada, outlining 94 Calls to Action which, include pushing Canadian post-secondary institutions to ethically engage Indigenous communities and knowledge systems. This paper seeks to respond to the TRC by offering a spatial analysis of the differences, broadly conceived, between Indigenous and western ontological structures. We consider these differences in terms of 'circles and lines' through a novice, settler understanding of how Mi'kmaw concepts of etuaptmumk (two-eyed seeing), netukulimk (conservation laws) and m'sɨt No'kmaq (all our relations) can be brought to support decolonial teaching and learning about such important and urgent matters as climate change. A related goal in this paper is pedagogic: we hope our own ambivalent learning here can be used as an example to reflect deeply on how settlers like us might/should/can't work with the ethical, political, and practical challenges of responding to the TRC in our research, involving, and considering Indigenous ways of knowing and being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canada is often viewed as an oasis of multicultural inclusion where racially diverse groups could freely enjoy life in all its forms. Focusing on a group of twenty-five racialized participants working for the public sector in British Columbia (BC), this qualitative study illustrates that workplace racism is alive and prevalent in Canada. Moreover, it aims to demonstrate that this form of racism impacts not only racialized individuals who are targeted, physically and emotionally, but also their families. After presenting an outline of what constitutes racism and racialization, the article will detail and discuss findings with respect to physical, psycho-emotional and familial tolls that experiencing racial discrimination at work had exacted on racialized participants. The paper will then conclude that considering the higher expectations from public servants for not only modeling equity behavior but also upholding the rule of law, opportunities exist to more seriously address systemic racist violence against racialized workers in public sector employment contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contributes to migration studies, settler colonial studies and critical internationalization studies by mapping as connected two concurrent settler colonial preoccupations, reconciliation and internationalization. In Canada, as in other Western countries, international students are a crucial resource as they increasingly sustain post-secondary funding. At the same time, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (2015) has charged the educational sector to put reconciliation and decolonization at the heart of their mandate. Drawing on interviews with racialized international students in Ontario, Canada, this paper examines how racialized international students may have complex relationships to coloniality and be complicit in legitimating settler colonialism. We argue that the processes of reconciliation and internationalization must be understood as deeply interconnected especially because the obfuscation of coloniality is a key technology of settler rule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent debates surrounding intimate partner violence (IPV) have focused on its gender symmetry and gender-oriented nature. These debates center on findings from various data sources, like victimization or self-reported surveys and police-based reports. Data by Statistics Canada, from 1999 to 2014, has shown that the prevalence of IPV is similar for male and female victims, except for sexual assaults. However, there has been a paucity of studies on the severity and risk factors of IPV against men by female partners. Thus, this paper examines the severity of and risk factors for physical IPV against heterosexual men in Canada using the General Social Survey (Victimization) data of 2014. This study revealed that there is a symmetry in the experiences of physical violence between male and female victims. This study also revealed that male victims experience more severe violence than female victims. Using binary logistic regression analysis, years of dwelling together, the victim's age, childhood victimization, and marijuana use were found to predict physical IPV against heterosexual men. This paper concludes with suggestions about how these predicting factors can be used to identify male victims and the need for a more inclusive approach toward addressing IPV, which should include male victims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessing roadway assets condition is the prerequisite of an efficient road management system. It requires participation from the top management, equipment, trained human resources, and dedicated funding. Newfoundland and Labrador have 13,500 lane kilometers of roads, of which almost 7,700 kilometers belong to the local jurisdictions. Local agencies typically consult the Transportation Association of Canada's pavement management guidelines for managing the road networks. But, municipality roads require more specified guidelines considering issues like lack of human resources, equipment, inadequate funding, environmental factors, and public expectations. To better maintain these roads, evaluation of road conditions is the first step. However, a proper evaluation system needs considerable funding, a trained workforce, and necessary equipment. Hence, the idea of using road users' feedback is introduced in this paper. Citizens from 108 municipalities of the province participated in a feedback survey where they were asked questions about roadway assets condition. The survey resulted in a significant amount of data. First, an exploratory analysis of the road users' feedback data was conducted. Then, a simple distress-based pavement performance model was developed. This model can be adopted by the local agencies as a simple decision-making tool. To make the model practical, a smartphone application called MUNPave is also introduced in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many Indigenous communities in Canada experience endemic tuberculosis with superimposed periodic epidemic outbreaks. Failures in outbreak management have resulted in the "seeding" of future infection and disease. In this paper we present a model that may be used in planning, implementation and review of tuberculosis outbreak management in Cree Indigenous communities in Canada, based on the Medicine Wheel, a paradigm for holistic living. In the context of tuberculosis management, the Medicine Wheel provides a path for the establishment of respectful cross-cultural relationships, the expression of values through action, true community engagement and partnership, and the establishment of culture-based processes of transparency, accountability and change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a series of two papers, the narrative themes of Intergenerational Trauma (IGT) from both the parent and offspring generation in the Chinese diaspora in Canada are examined. This paper focuses on the experiences of parental participants and their perspectives on how trauma transmits to the next generation. Narratives of IGT from three participants were co-constructed using the Collaborative Narrative Method. The narratives were largely situated during pre-migration in China, with most traumatic experiences related to sociopolitical events between the 1950s to 1980s. Themes were developed from the narratives using reflexive thematic analysis. These themes include the following: (a) decimation of social structures; (b) oppression, chaos, and abuse; (c) desperation for survival; (d) personal losses and the denial of education and opportunities; and (e) preservation of values. Themes associated with participant perception of how their traumatic experience transmitted to their offspring, include the following: (a) desire for stability and opportunities; (b) pressure and concern for the future of their offspring; and (c) hope for the future. The study has implications for understanding the linkage between historical events and individual narratives in the Chinese diaspora, as well as the study of IGT among Chinese populations and their narratival understandings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the financialisation literature, scholars have turned their attention to the state, exploring the adoption of financial activities by state actors, paying less attention to the limits of state financialisation. This paper explores these limits using the case of social impact bonds (SIBs). Pioneered in the UK in 2010 and subsequently trialed in some 35 countries, SIBs use private capital to fund social programs, with governments providing a return based on the degree of success. Despite expectations of dramatic growth, the SIB model has never truly taken hold. Based on the rollout of SIBs in the UK, Israel, and Canada, the paper considers the challenges encountered by the SIB enterprise as a form of financialised statecraft and identifies three barriers: (1) resistance to political agendas of state financialisation; (2) clashes between finance and public sector cultures; (3) financial innovation seen as 'risk' and 'disruption' to entrenched socio-technical routines. These barriers reveal tensions both within the state itself and between finance and the public sector, and indicate the importance of thinking about the limits and failures of state financialisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This research examines the implementation of the Icelandic Prevention Model (IPM) in Canada to identify opportunities revealed by the COVID-19 pandemic to re-design our social eco-system to promote wellbeing. This paper has two objectives: 1) to provide a conceptual review of research that applies the bioecological model to youth substance use prevention with a focus on the concepts of time and physical space use and 2) to describe a case study that examines the implementation of the IPM in Canada within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Study data were collected through semistructured qualitative interviews with key stakeholders involved in implementing the IPM. Results: Findings are organized within three over-arching themes derived from a thematic analysis: 1) Issues that influence time and space use patterns and youth substance use, 2) Family and community cohesion and influences on developmental context and time use and 3) Opportunities presented by the pandemic that can promote youth wellbeing. Conclusion: We apply the findings to research on the IPM as well as the pandemic to examine opportunities that may support primary prevention and overall youth wellbeing. We use the concepts of time and space as a foundation to discuss implications for policy and practice going forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an overview of the Canadian defence sector following the Cold War. A review of Canadian defence policy in this period indicates that, though the mission of the Canadian military did not change, fiscal realities forced severe restrictions on the size and capabilities of the organization. Comparisons between Canada and other G7 NATO nations indicate that throughout this period, Canada has consistently devoted fewer resources to the military than its allies. A review of Canada's defence industrial base and defence policy indicates that this limited funding has led to a small and uncompetitive defence sector in the Canadian economy. Lastly, a regression analysis of Canada's defence spending is undertaken which reveals that domestic economic variables are the primary determinant of Canadian defence spending during this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

African-Canadians continue to bear the brunt of marginality and stereotyping in Canada even when various mitigating studies and programs have been initiated by the government at federal, state, and municipal levels. These stereotypes continue to affect them in informal settings and state institutions when seeking employment, housing or when in the streets, malls, schools, etc. While social justice advocates, social workers, and policy-makers focus on "Black-White" dynamics because other "racialized minorities" are also marginalized (though not equally) in Canada, it is important to note that "non-White" Canadians also contribute to the spread of historical stereotypes of African-Canadians within Canadian multiculturalism as noted in the emphasis of the city of Toronto's mitigating strategies for "anti-Black racism." Using social group position theory (SGPT) and asset-based model (ABCD), this paper argues that interrogating social group biases beyond "Black-White" binarism to encourage inter-group dialogs is important in making sure that different multicultural communities understand one another through favorable, activities-mediated, inter-group relations as opposed to having multicultural relations mediated by third parties, or not mediated at all. We also argue that African-Canadians should focus on internal strengths and only use external help to augment community initiatives to change the extant negative image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper was inspired by the incomplete story of Englishwoman Isabel 'Jack' May (1875–1970), a media sensation from 1905 to 1912 because she was a 'lady farmer', wore 'male attire' and adopted the name 'Jack'. Already well-known in England, May's celebrity was enhanced when she purchased land in Alberta, Canada in 1911, where she farmed with a female companion. In late 1912 however, May sailed to England, never to return, and disappeared from public view. In Sarah Carter's 2016 book Imperial Plots, May's fate was a mystery, but Carter surmised May did not feel welcome in the Canadian West where gender transgressors were shunned. The authors, inspired by Laite's 'small history in a digital age' methodological approach, discovered a deeper, richer and more complex life history. This paper reconstructs May's life and analyses the intense media scrutiny which positioned her as an aberration against traditional femininity to understand more about the lives of other non-conforming women of this period. While we argue that May was not transgender, rather living openly as a cross-dressing woman, her self-identification as 'farmer' and decision to spend her adult life with same-sex companions, offers an alternative view of trans and queer 'spaces of possibility'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Parents seek support on behalf of their transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) children. Previous qualitative studies explore the types of support parents seek inside and outside of healthcare settings. Healthcare providers often remain unprepared to effectively provide gender-affirming services to TGNC children and their accompanying parents and may benefit from learning about the support seeking experiences of parents with TGNC children. Aims: This paper summarized qualitative research studies that address the topic of parents seeking support on behalf of their TGNC children. We produced this report for healthcare providers to review to enhance gender-affirming services for parents and TGNC children. Methods: This paper outlines a qualitative metasummary of studies from the United States or Canada with data collected from parents of TGNC children. Data collection included the steps of journal runs, database searches, reference checks, and area scans. Data analysis involved the steps of extracting, editing, grouping, abstracting, and calculating the intensity and frequency effect sizes for finding statements from qualitative research study articles. Results: The results of this metasummary yielded two primary themes, six subthemes, and 24 total findings. The first primary theme of seeking guidance had three subthemes: educational resources, community networks, and advocacy efforts. The second primary theme of seeking healthcare had three subthemes: healthcare providers, mental healthcare, and general healthcare. Discussion: These findings provide information healthcare providers can use to inform their practice. These findings also highlight the importance of providers working collaboratively with parents when serving TGNC children. This article concludes with practical tips for providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While significant attention has been paid to the experiences of queer athletes and sport participants, comparatively little work has explored queer sport fans' leisure experiences in sport stadiums. Focusing on professional men's hockey fandom, this empirical study asks: what are the experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer, and two-spirit (LGBTQ2S+) spectators at National Hockey League games in Canada? Interviews with 24 diversely identified queer spectators reveal significant variation in experiences, from positive to neutral to negative, and a welcome lack of virulent or aggressive homophobia and transphobia. Most queer spectators perceive the arena space as heteronormative, which often results in feelings of non-belonging. Using de Certeau's theorisation of tactics, this paper explores how queer spectators modify their behaviour – including minimising and maximising queer visibility – to smoothly navigate the heteronormative arena space. This paper contributes to understandings of homophobia and queer belonging in leisure spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the intense politicisation of education, many teacher educators are caught in the cross-hairs of government's reform agendas, university expectations and student teacher needs. This paper reports on a study of 28 literacy teacher educators in four countries (Canada, US, Australia and England). This paper reports on the broad question: How is politics affecting literacy teacher educators? Three specific aspects are considered: their pedagogies, identity and well-being. It describes how their pedagogy (goals and teaching strategies) has narrowed because of mandated curriculum and exit exams. It shows how their identity as academics is being complicated because they often do not have time for their research. And their well-being is compromised because of excessive external inspections and as their community in the university splinters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper applies the concept of identity – typically associated with individuals and self-definition – to the study of a degree program, a collective educational enterprise. Faculty members and senior administrators at a community college in Canada with ties to the development of a hospitality degree program were interviewed. This paper examines identity within a different empirical and scalar context (a degree program rather than individuals) and in a manner that is different conceptually (addressing the idea that identity has both enduring and changing features). The competitive academic marketplace has shaped the identity of the hospitality degree program at Niagara College Canada. Commercial pressures, themselves fixed and in flux, have driven the formation of an identity that has attributes that are fixed and in flux. The notion of identity is interwoven with business imperatives and may offer guidance to hospitality degree programs in the context of a post-pandemic economic recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decolonization has multiple meanings and interpretations which reflect not necessarily the arbitrariness of the concept but the complex history of colonialism and the struggles that colonized people have endeavoured to carry on. The level of oppression and subjugation may vary, but there is hardly any one living in the global South (i.e., marginalized communities of both developed and developing countries around the world) who are not affected by colonialism. In the last few years, coloniality and its effects on education are critiqued by scholarly community. In this paper, with an in-depth exploration of the colonial history of Canada, I explore how the epistemologies of the global South were colonized, what decolonization efforts are made by indigenous scholars, and what challenges remain ahead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The different life paths of the generation following immigration have become a matter of public discussion and scholarly research in the past decades in many migrant-receiving countries. These differences would be key points for the immigration decision made by first-generation immigrants. This paper adopts a new perspective to study the differences in task supplies and economic status between natives and two generations of immigrants to see their different life paths. This paper estimates differences in task supply and earnings between natives and immigrants in 1970 and 2015, which are the beginning and end of the fifth (and current) wave of immigration to Canada. Furthermore, using a three-fold Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition, I link the average weekly wage of workers to their task productivity, and try to find the effects of the returns to tasks as well as different task supplies on the average wage gap between natives and immigrants. Finally, I use ordered probit and logit models to demonstrate and measure the significant effects of immigrant status on an employee's labour market segment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]