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The global comparison of planning systems faces several theoretical and normative challenges. Against the background of ongoing debates on the comparability of emerging and existing ideas and practices of planning in the Global North and South, we propose a comparative approach based on field theory. Comparisons of planning systems often focus on the institutional dimension or are mere juxtapositions of cases studies. A comparison based on field theory is more appropriate for the comparative study of planning cultures as the approach allows to interpret planning as an emerging practice influenced (or not) by globalized or European knowledge communities. The two planning systems under scrutiny in this paper are Germany and Brazil. Germany presents a mature field of planning while Brazil's field of planning is emergent. The paper is based on a literature review that supports the formulation of assumptions and tests the approach through a comparison of Brazil and Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I explore my experience around teaching a digital game design and making postgraduate course in an intercultural setting in the UK Higher Education. I focus on how locality and disciplinary aspects create and mediate hierarchies of knowledges and practices that shape this kind of course, and how the intercultural setting studied here affords critical interrogations about the supposed universal nature of game design, as a field and as a practice. In particular, I examine an educational approach adopted in this course centred on the critical pedagogy notion of ‘cultural work’ and on philosophy of technology, rejecting mechanistic approaches to game design and making in favour of thinking with and through tools and processes. Through interviews with former students around their expectations about learning game design and making and their (changing) perspectives during this course, I explore how such an approach can create educational experiences for both students and game educators to build different (i.e. more critical and diverse) knowledge and practice foundations for those who will be working in/with games in the future as well as developing new vistas for understanding game design and making not as universal but as practices heavily informed by specific contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exemplarism – the view that exemplary people, whom we admire, are the bearers of our moral concepts – presents considerable challenges to the (widely-assumed) place of moral theory in how we learn to be moral. Exemplarism has been garnered by Amy Olberding to articulate a Confucian approach to moral learning. This paper extends Exemplarism by considering how it may be put into practice, based on a seminal Confucian text, the Analects of Confucius. To date, the majority of discussions on Confucian ethics that have brought Confucian philosophy to the attention of Anglophone scholars tend to focus on conceptually-based matters. There remain questions regarding how these values may be inculcated and embodied in our moral lives. Central to our proposal is the practice of reflective observation (guan 觀), comprised by three integrated components: observation, evaluation, and emulation. Observing, reflectively, is important not only for an individual's acculturation to existing norms and practices but also for how they may subsequently exercise some latitude over their moral practices. Our reflections offer a practical approach to Confucian moral learning. In doing so, we demystify moral learning in Confucianism and open up avenues for future cross-tradition dialogues on moral education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined preservice teachers' understanding of children's play in diverse cultures. Using digital photo essay methods, a total of 37 early childhood preservice teachers in Myanmar, Korea, and the U.S. engaged in a critical discussion on children's play in diverse cultures. The findings suggested that the participants typically showed three layers of cross-cultural awareness: distance, friction, and flow. Korean and the U.S.participants conducted critical reflections on their preconceived notion of play, as influenced by the idea of Western childhood play. Although Myanmar participants revealed a desire for Western play materials, we did not observe substantial evidence of critical reflection throughout the cross-cultural exchanges. This paper discusses the implications of investigating culturally sensitive strategies for engendering preservice teachers' implicit beliefs by exchanging digital photo essays across diverse cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the factors that predict children's willingness to have contact with those from cultures in conflict, using data collected in 2014–2015 from the TEC4Schools program which begins online and eventually includes face-to-face contact. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted on the results of the questionnaire from 577 students. The predictors were entered in four steps: (1) personal details (gender and religion), (2) equity and satisfaction (3) collaboration (the use of collaborative learning in the course), and (4) intercultural attitudes. Both intercultural attitudes and positive experiences are associated with collaboration and predict the dependent variable: the willingness of the children to interact with those from other cultures. Satisfaction and equity do not directly predict willingness to interact with other children but do so via collaboration. In addition, the variable 'intercultural attitudes' is a mediator for collaboration, meaning that collaboration does predict willingness to interact with other cultures via intercultural attitudes. Although the findings show that gender and religion do not predict willingness to interact, there are significant differences in gender and/or religion in satisfaction, equity, intercultural attitudes, and collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In distance cross-cultural supervision scenarios PhD students are supported by supervisors located in different cultural contexts, which may, or may not be, the same as that of the student. Very little research has been conducted into experiences of cross-cultural supervision. This paper aims to explores opportunities and challenges for students and supervisors, drawing on qualitative research into their experiences of supervision. Participants were Saudi Arabian students, and UK and Saudi based supervisors. Investigation of three main areas – roles and expectations, communications and technology, and personal and professional development – revealed common issues, and some specific to either students or supervisors. These include language, feedback, technology and professional learning and align with 'intensifiers' identified as making supervision complex or difficult for international PhD students. However, other issues were also identified which need to be discussed openly to ensure that the potential benefits of cross-cultural supervision are realised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some advertisements include celebrity endorsers hoping that will increase the popularity of the ad and, thereby, the celebrity status will be positively associated with the brand. This paper reports the findings of a cross-cultural study undertaken across the cities Hong Kong, Shanghai, Jakarta, Bangkok and Mumbai, using the Foote, Cone & Belding (FCB) grid to determine whether the appearance of a celebrity increases the chance for the advertisement to be liked. The results found that the use of celebrity endorsements in liked advertisements differed considerably, which provide an insight for advertisers developing campaigns using celebrities in different Asian markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children were active participants in past village life and reconstructing their activities and social roles can provide important insights into domestic and economic dynamics at archaeological sites. In this paper, we use data from two excavated pithouse sites in the Mimbres region of southwestern New Mexico and data from cross-cultural studies of children's activities to explore children's roles and contributions to Mimbres pithouse society. This work seeks to build on work being done on children and childhood in other regions. Our data show that children were active and productive participants at these sites and their roles extended beyond just economic production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arguably the most sacred Islamic city, Mecca has long been a migration destination for Muslims. It has become the home to various diasporas over time. Born and raised in Mecca, members of these diasporic communities become transcultural as they retain aspects of their ancestral cultures while adopting the practices of Mecca's native Western Arabians and other diasporas amidst them. These diasporas put their transculturality to good use as mediators of cross-cultural encounters when millions of pilgrims congregate in Mecca to perform the Hajj each year. This paper is an ethnography of the longitudinal effects of migration. I discuss the Fatanis who perform various roles to ensure the pilgrims' successful and comfortable completion of the Hajj, especially their co-ethnic Malays from Southeast Asia. This study of the Fatani diaspora shows that culture is multifarious and dynamic, not homogenous, static, and exclusive. It is also an account of how migration transforms people and cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against the prevailing outcomes-based education and the instrumentalization of education, a movement has arisen towards holistic education. This aims to go beyond objective measurement of the outcomes of education in order to treat the student as a whole person. In this paper, we shall examine some strands of education in Japan which in some way or another feature the idea of the whole person. This includes the tradition of clinical pedagogy, which originated in Kyoto University, Yukichi Shitahodo's educational anthropology (Kyoiku-Ningengaku), Kuniyoshi Obara's Zenjin Education (the education of the whole person) and holistic education. Notwithstanding the fact that such education is benevolent in intention, it can be miseducative in some respects. In the light of this, and with some reference to criticism of the idea of the whole person, we shall point to an alternative vision of education of the whole person following Cavell's Emersonian moral perfectionism – a perfectionism that is thoroughly anti-foundationalist and that transcends self-entrapment in circulatory discourse on the whole. In critical dialogue between the rich traditions of Japanese thought and the critical voice of liberalism raised from within the West, we hope to find a more nuanced answer to the question of how being a whole might make sense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues for transculturality in critical examinations of diversity in player communities. Transculturality enriches discussions on intersectionality in games and fandom by challenging its default male whiteness and Eurocentricity, and acknowledging the presence of non-normative players who have always existed in game communities. Intersectional game studies is transcultural game studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a cross-cultural analysis was undertaken to compare the knowledge of organic producers and agricultural experts in Iran concerning the concepts of good farming, good farmer, and organic farming in the field of sustainable agriculture. We put concepts of good farming, good farmer, and organic farming in conversation with Bourdieu's concepts of cultural capital, identity, and the dynamics of the 'rules of the game' to determine the knowledge gaps between experts and farmers in the sustainable agricultural field. Data are derived from interviews with 45 organic producers and 52 agricultural experts. The findings showed that farmers had knowledge of the key concepts discussed by experts but differed in the emphasis placed on these ideas. Results reveal tensions between how farmers and experts think about and understand how farmers ought to practice organic farming. The paper concludes with some arguments on the knowledge asymmetries and offers a few participatory approaches for negotiation to overcome the asymmetry in supporting more sustainable management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Swear words express and arouse emotions and due to their taboo-contravening origin are charged with an offensive potential. By mirroring the functions they perform in real life, they contribute to the makeup of audiovisual language and intensify filmic speech. Although swearing has long attracted the attention of audiovisual translation research, little consideration has been paid to viewers' reactions. To address this gap, the present paper engages with the reception of swear words in film dubbing, while exploring the differences across two distinct linguacultures. Through a questionnaire-based methodology, it compares two groups of Italian and Spanish university students and their reactions to dubbed vis-à-vis domestic film clips. The results suggest that both Italian and Spanish groups' tolerance for swearing onscreen is quite high. The Spanish participants, however, appear to be more lenient towards this phenomenon and more permissive with the staging of potentially offensive language in home productions. By contrast, Italian participants show similar levels of acceptance when they react to swearing in dubbing and Italian filmic speech. The two groups' overall responses and their diverging orientations are discussed with reference to the cross-linguistic and intercultural dimensions of film viewing and distinctive preferences in audiovisual discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores the impact of an exercise used to promote culturally sensitive supervision on supervisors. It begins with an overview of the role of power dynamics and cultural awareness within supervision. Two supervisors' experiences of engaging in a transcultural supervision activity with their respective supervisees, trainee educational psychologists (TEPs), are then analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The two supervisors found engaging in the transcultural supervision exercise initially led to feelings of apprehension but overall was a positive experience. It had a constructive impact on the supervisory relationship; increasing the supervisors' feelings of connection, developing a trusting relationship, and presenting an opportunity to share and understand each other's values. It also promoted an ethnorelative way of working, increased supervisors' cultural awareness, attended to power disparities within supervision, widened perspective taking, and had potential impact on wider practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates cross-cultural differences in the usage, themes, and factors of visual-related references in describing print advertisements. American, Russian, Japanese, and Polish respondents participated in an open-ended survey about three translated ads adapted into the existing visual. Respondents used less visual than non-visual descriptions, and their frequency differed by the ad. Similarities and differences were influenced by the specific advertisement, not by respondents' country. Advertisements require individual assessment for visual adaptation strategy. This pilot study introduces the concept of visual and non-visual descriptions of advertising, visual references themes and variable of advertising case to assess differences between countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Societies and communities are destined and determined to change when they are open to crossing cultures. The phenomenon acknowledges diverse cultural adaptations, leading to new global goals for global interaction. Similarly, several studies demonstrate the existence of contact and engagement among diverse communities across Europe, fostering intercultural dialogue. As a result, the study seeks to investigate those spaces, specifically religious centres in Europe, that may serve as potential places of contact for diverse communities using the theories of 'contact zones', 'hybrid identity', particularly 'organic hybridity', 'interfaith and interreligious encounters' and 'interculturalism'. The empirical study examines the intercultural interactions and exchanges occurring in the Jewish and Buddhist religious centres in Groningen to recognise how public spaces, particularly religious centres demonstrate the emergence of interculturality in Europe. Through interviews with officials, the study investigates cultural contacts and exchanges among disparate communities in the Buddhist and Jewish religious spaces of Groningen, The Netherlands. These interviews are further analysed using Arthur W Frank's 'Dialogical Narrative Analysis' approach. Therefore, the paper examines the emergence of interculturality through experiences of contact among diverse European cultural or religious communities, using the framework of contact zones, hybrid identity, interfaith and interreligious studies, and interculturalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

They argue that the SSF is based upon several tax compliance factors that are believed to have associations with trust in tax authorities and power of tax authorities. "Declaring Income versus Declaring Taxes in Tax Compliance Experiments: Does the Design of Laboratory Experiments Affect the Results?" In recent years, research in economics generally and public economics specifically has been enriched by incorporating insights from "behavioural economics" in standard economic models. [Extracted from the article]

We draw on our lived experiences as faculty of communication studies from Asia, living and working in the United States, to explore how U.S. higher education constituted our identity as linguistic minorities. We also draw on tenets of collaborative autoethnography, producing insight on three levels of linguistic discrimination against non-standard English accents: institutional quality control of our accents/dialects, disciplinary requirements for publishing in English, and everyday communication with locals. The article highlights the value of collaborative autoethnography as a method of inquiry and reflection in a transnational context, providing a rare account of the ways in which international faculty members' experience resonates with and transforms local-born Southerners who also face discrimination for their stigmatized dialects. We critique the blind spot that privileges hegemonic English in our scholarly communication and propose listening-oriented communication pedagogy to empower voices from the margins within the academia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the challenges faced by migrant, refugee, and multicultural communities in Australia during the Covid-19 pandemic. It discusses the difficulties these communities encounter in accessing essential resources and the rise in racism and discrimination they experience. The article emphasizes the importance of understanding the long-term effects of these issues beyond the pandemic. It introduces a special issue that includes ten research articles examining the challenges faced by multicultural communities during the pandemic and offering recommendations for policymakers and practitioners. The articles delve into the experiences of multicultural communities in Australia, focusing on racism, health disparities, and policy responses. They highlight the types of racism Asian Australians face, the impact of racism on health and social outcomes, and the barriers to reporting racism. The role of far-right actors in perpetuating racism and the effects of anti-Chinese sentiment are also explored. The research underscores the need for improved data collection on racism and calls for culturally sensitive communication, increased representation, and collaborative approaches to address pandemic-related racism. The issue also discusses the experiences of older migrants, the role of digital media in fostering a sense of belonging, and the shortcomings of Australia's multicultural policies during the pandemic. Overall, the articles provide valuable insights into the challenges faced by multicultural communities and the necessity for inclusive and fair responses. [Extracted from the article]

Cultural diversity is an important feature of today's classrooms, where learners come from a wide range of cultural backgrounds. In order to teach every individual in an appropriate and motivating way, teachers need a wealth of knowledge, skills, and attitudes, and teacher training plays a major role in their acquisition. The present research was undertaken in order to gain a better understanding of how teacher training contributes to the development of pre-service teachers' culturally responsive competencies. Overall, the findings indicate that there are differences in the components of CRP-related competencies that teacher education programs deliver to prepare teachers for key aspects of multicultural education. Most of the courses are stand-alone courses, one semester long and only focus on one of the competence elements (eg attitude). We found only a limited number of courses that incorporated culturally responsive pedagogy as a long-term, comprehensive approach into their curriculum, and were thus able to develop the majority of competence elements related to CRP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined factors affecting customer intention to use facial recognition payment (FRP) in the restaurant industry. This study used data collected from 331 restaurant patrons residing in South Korea and 340 patrons in America. First, perceived ease of use, usefulness, and innovativeness positively affected attitude, while perceived risk negatively influenced attitude in both groups. Second, attitude had positive effects on desire and behavioral intentions, and desire had a positive impact on behavioral intentions in both groups. Lastly, the relationship between perceived ease of use and attitude was stronger in the American group, confirming the moderating effect of cultural differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A central feature of I darshan i that distinguished it from the ocularcentric discourse of the gaze was its sensorial dimension, where I darshan i was imbricated with the tactile and the aural, what Christopher Pinney had called a "corpothetics".[33] While this haptic vision allowed the devotee to "drink in" the auspicious presence of the deity or guru, the flip side of this was the charge of ritual pollution that accompanied the gaze of Dalits and "untouchables", who were historically denied entry into temples for I darshan i . Keywords: darshan; vision; nazar; gaze; optics; media EN darshan vision nazar gaze optics media 77 88 12 05/09/22 20211101 NES 211101 As the Delta variant ravaged through Indian cities in the summer of 2021, the glossy sheen on the Indian economic success story appeared to be coming apart. The scholarship on I darshan i coincided fortuitously with the dramatic changes in the Indian media landscape with the popularity of Doordarshan, the state owned television network, as well as video through the 80s. The many cognates of I darshan i - I samdarshan, doordarshan, priyadarshan i moreover cast I darshan i as a wider, more diffuse presence beyond the religious where national heroes or film stars could also give I darshan i . [Extracted from the article]

This article explores the intersection of cultural heritage, migration, and identity politics. It discusses how traditional approaches to heritage have focused on institutional narratives and materiality, but a shift towards a performative approach has allowed for a focus on the actions and meaning-making of individuals and groups. The article also highlights the limited research on the cultural heritage engagement of migrants and the need to move away from national frames in heritage studies. It discusses the coloniality of power in heritage studies and the importance of decolonial perspectives in resisting domination. The article includes case studies from various regions, emphasizing the intercultural heritage of migrants beyond Europe. Overall, it aims to contribute to the theoretical and empirical discussion on the cultural heritage of people on the move and the link between heritage practices, interculturality, and identities. The text also discusses the concept of intercultural heritage and its various modes of understanding and engagement. It explores interculturality as symbolic heritage making, where minority heritage is often displayed in museums for mainstream society. It also discusses interculturality as a dialogue, where common historical identities and values are sought to create heritage that addresses everyone. Lastly, it examines interculturality as co-production, where diverse actors are involved in the heritage-making process. The text emphasizes the importance of recognizing the dynamic and negotiable nature of heritage practices and involving minority groups in the production and display of heritage. [Extracted from the article]

Professional sports teams have established a major presence around the world and support a number of corporate social responsibility programs (CSR). While many factors may influence fans' expectations and preferences pertaining to CSR-related activities, to date, no systematic attempt has been made to determine whether fans' perceptions vary according to their cultural orientations. Thus, we conducted research to investigate similarities and differences in fans' perceptions of CSR-related activities (i.e., the six pillars of CSR in professional sports organizations) across three countries, using Hofstede's individualism‒collectivism dimension. A significant difference was found between fans from the United States (US), United Kingdom (UK), and India pertaining to perceived philanthropy and environmental management and sustainability. These findings have important implications for professional sports organizations that operate in a diverse global market, indicating they should pay attention to cultural congruence between CSR strategies and fans' cultural backgrounds to enhance the overall effect of such initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

("Call and Response" in Gurrumuruwuy [19]) Song narratives concerning I raki' i also convey important aesthetic considerations for ceremonial performance as a means of shaping healthy and purposeful communities - many voices entwined like the fibres of I raki' i (Curkpatrick, Corn, I et al i . Notes 1 Pawu has explored I ngurra-kurlu i in numerous publications and presentations, including Corn and Patrick ([8]), Pawu and Curkpatrick ([27], [28]), and Pawu-Kurlpurlurnu I et al i . You have to be the whole ecosystem of Jukurrpa.We talked about this today (see Pawu and Curkpatrick [27]). [Extracted from the article]

The slippery slope framework (SSF) of tax compliance postulates that taxpayers' compliance behaviour depends on the two dimensions: trust in authorities and power of authorities. In an attempt to overcome common-method biases, the present study tests the main assumptions of the SSF with a sample of 44 countries/regions. Country/region-level trust and power indices are calculated based on experimental data involving 14,509 participants and related to shadow economy estimates and – as an alternative indicator of non-compliance – corruption indices. The results indicate that both trust and power are negatively related to the size of the shadow economy and the extent of corruption. These results emphasise the importance of both SSF dimensions in combating tax evasion and counterproductive behaviour within a society in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relatively little has been published in English about dontri Thai (Thai classical music) and due to the absence of Thai scholars from English language musicological scholarship, most of what has been published was written by non-Thai scholars who have relied upon terms and concepts developed for explaining music with roots in the European tradition. The importation of extrinsic categories conceals indigenous explanatory models and blocks paths connecting Thai musical performance and thought to other areas of Thai culture and social life. This article frames the silence of Thai voices and their ways of knowing as the epistemological dimension of the colonising enterprise, the effects of which have made their way into Thai universities where they have transformed intellectual life and dontri Thai pedagogy. The disciplinary reorientation suggested here aims towards a pluralist model of musicological thought and method. This will open a space for different ways of musical knowing, creating, and theorising to enter from where they may decentre and reshape Western musicological discourse and practice. A rethink of musicology will help align its disciplinary goals with the aims of addressing equality of representation and allow unheard Thai voices to explain their own music in their own terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultural norms may dictate how grief is displayed. The present study explores the display behaviours and rules in the bereavement context from a cross-cultural perspective. 86 German-speaking Swiss and 99 Chinese bereaved people who lost their first-degree relative completed the adapted bereavement version of the Display Rules Assessment Inventory. Results indicated that the German-speaking Swiss bereaved displayed more emotions than the Chinese bereaved. The Chinese bereaved, but not the German-speaking Swiss bereaved, thought that bereaved people should display more emotions than they actually did when they were with their close others (but not when they were alone). Bereaved people endorsed more emotional expression "when alone" than "when with close others", demonstrating a social disconnection tendency, which was more evident in the Chinese sample. Bereaved people endorsed more expression of positive emotions (e.g. affection/love) and less expression of powerful negative emotions (e.g. blame/guilt, anger) across cultures. Compared to their Chinese counterparts, the German-speaking Swiss sample indicated more actual expressions for most emotion types (i.e. joy/happiness, affection/love, sadness, anger, and denial) but thought bereaved people should express more joy/happiness and less blame/guilt. The results suggest that bereaved people's display behaviours and rules are influenced by culture, situation, and type of emotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposed 'performing culinary diaspora' to examine how South Asians use food to articulate diasporic identity in Hong Kong and foster culinary encounters with Hong Kong Chinese. Drawing on in-depth interviews and participant observations of South Asians and Hong Kong Chinese in different South Asian restaurants, grocery shops, and homes, this work examined how transnational South Asian food networks have facilitated the formation of culinary space in which South Asians prepare and consume traditional food with co-ethnics in restaurants and homes. The research also considered the culinary encounters in which South Asians utilise their culinary knowledge to initiate meaningful contacts with Hong Kong Chinese by preparing 'authentic' South Asian dishes in different eating places. This research argued that ethnic foodways serve as a space of both social frictions and interactions. By focusing on culinary practices, this study demonstrated how the South Asian diaspora is felt, embodied, and perceived by the host society. It contributes to intercultural studies by revealing how South Asians in Hong Kong use their traditional food culture to create a sense of place, initiating cultural encounters, and promoting social inclusion in Hong Kong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reflective of the growing efforts to advance institutional missions and aspirations of increased internationalization, foreign-born leadership educators (FbLEs) add a global dimension to the student learning experience and the ethos of the academic departments in which they work. Leadership departments, specifically, benefit from multiculturally diverse definitions and perspectives on leadership from FbLEs. Foreign-born leadership educators bring to the classroom different contexts of leadership and leadership dynamics informed by their cultural identities. The ways an academic department chair or university administrators support the FbLE's professional development and transition to the host community have implications on that faculty members success and satisfaction. A qualitative exploration into the experiences of FbLEs reveals inconsistent and insufficient formal and informal networks of support. Many foreign-born leadership educators turn to personal relationships with family and other foreigners to maneuver the challenges of unfamiliar cultural expectations. The findings of the current study may serve academic administrators in more effectively recruiting and supporting foreigners who teach leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study systematically reviews, synthesises and integrates the extant literature on value co-destruction in the field of tourism and hospitality. The results indicate that research in this field is still in its infancy, suffers from a contextual imbalance and employs mainly qualitative methods. Several gaps are identified, and four areas for future work are proposed: further theorisation, application of the topic and scale development, fostering a broader focus on cross-cultural studies and a need for studies in different hospitality and tourism settings; greater use of on-site data collection and engaging in mixed-methods analysis; and greater consideration of service-provider and multiple-actor perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study offers a review of existing research on translanguaging, inclusion, and computational literacies. It assesses existing school statistics and a student opinion survey released by the New York City Department of Education in Spring 2019 to investigate the attitudes and experiences of students at a public secondary school in the South Bronx that incorporates translanguaging into grades 6–8 computer science and Spanish courses given to most students. The findings of this study indicated that both Language Heritage Learner (LHL) and Non-Language Heritage Learner (NLHL) and perceived overall positive cultural responsiveness from the school community regarding their language identity in a setting where translanguaging exists (most notably in the Dual Language programme), but a minority of staff felt that they did not sufficiently incorporate considerations for cultural heritage and linguistic background into instruction. This study concludes with implications to further improve cultural responsiveness at the staff and administrative levels, the limitations of the study, and thoughts on further research on the issue of assessing whether culturally responsive education is accessible to neoindigenous student populations, particularly given that a citywide survey instrument facing hundreds of thousands of students throughout New York City does not specifically ask about language inclusivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few studies have focused on visual representation of crime-related events in news images across national contexts. In this study, eighty-three news images from two hundred Iranian and Dutch news articles published in national newspapers were qualitatively analyzed. These images were scrutinized for their use of semiotic strategies as well as the overall visual pattern. The findings showed few similarities and notable differences between news images in the two cultural contexts. The Visual Pattern Analysis led to identification of six visual framing patterns. While Iranian images focus on non-identifiable arrested criminals, Dutch images frame crime in terms of identifiable victims and crime location. Remarkably, crime is rarely framed in terms of social causes and solutions in either corpus. The discussion links the findings to the socio-cultural contexts in which images are produced and received. The visual discourse analysis raised questions about the production and reception of crime news images to be investigated in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A key challenge for the cross-cultural researcher is how to maintain authenticity in the stories of participants, paying careful attention to any inherent power imbalances. In this article, we share our respective experiences of conducting research with Pacific students and their families in Aotearoa New Zealand as non-Pacific researchers. We discuss tensions we encountered regarding power and positionality, highlighting the importance of engaging with Pacific perspectives and methodologies to help counter these tensions. In our respective studies, we aimed to promote the voices of our participants and conduct research which prioritised Pacific values. We further appreciated that we must not let our own research agenda override the needs of our participants. We explain why we believe these ideas to be so important and draw tentative conclusions on ways to engage in research with Pacific families based on what we have learnt. The data presented from our respective studies highlight our approaches and present some of the challenges, as well as our efforts to engage in reciprocal, respectful relationships with our participants and their families. We hope that, in sharing our reflections, we may offer some useful insight to other researchers embarking on a similar journey to us. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In appreciating paintings, what we experience is either a result of their medium or object, regardless of whether the object is an actual thing, a fictional thing, an internal emotion, an abstract idea, or something else. However, the conceptions of 'betweenness' in traditional Chinese aesthetics and 'twofoldness' in contemporary Western aesthetics tell us that our experience of paintings might not be simply from the object or the medium itself but rather from a relation between the two. This study considers the intercultural value of the above concepts while examining how our aesthetic pleasure might derive from awareness of the object, the medium, and the play of our mind and body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous studies have shown that international mobility programmes enhance students' intercultural maturity development, regardless of duration, few have attempted to ascertain whether this change is long lasting. This study tested students two years after their participation to see if their intercultural maturity levels continued to progress, plateaued, or regressed in the intervening period. 93% of the study cohort continued to progress in their level of intercultural maturity in at least one dimension, with none regressing, and only one plateauing. This suggests that the shifts in identity, values, and skills that the students develop are far-reaching and profound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the intercultural competence and related characteristics of early childhood teachers. Significant positive correlations were found among attitudes, knowledge/awareness, and skills (sub-elements of intercultural competence); attitudes showed the highest score while skills showed the lowest score. Intercultural competence and its sub-elements were all slightly above average. There were differences in intercultural competency, attitude, perception, and knowledge according to teachers' educational levels. The multicultural experiences of teachers in Korea are significantly related to their intercultural competence and its sub-elements. These results suggest that we should continue developing training programs and learning communities wherein teachers can experience various cultures and nurture intercultural competency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The e-commerce adoption rate is not the same across countries, and there are significant variations. While most technology adoption research has been carried out in on ecommerce across countries, this study focuses on introducing novel constructs with a mix of cross-cultural study. The present study therefore uses a sample mix from a developed nation (the USA) and a developing nation (India) to explore the e-commerce adoption factors. In this study, the supportive factors of perceived trust are hypothesized as causal factors for e-commerce adoption and studied with USA and India results. The factors considered in the proposed model are: hedonic motivation; comparison shopping; and perceived trust (further classified as honesty, benevolence, and competence). The study used Amazon's MTurk to collect data from Indian (n = 471) and US (n = 440) respondents. The results of the multi-group moderation technique reveal that honesty, comparison shopping, and hedonic motivation were stronger for the US sample, while benevolence and comfort were stronger for the Indian sample. Based on the results, theoretical contributions, managerial implications, and future research directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although wellbeing tends to be associated with positive affect, theorists have suggested it might also involve more ambivalent emotions. Scholars have further argued that although such emotions are somewhat overlooked in Western societies, other cultures are more attuned to them. In the interest of exploring the value of ambivalent emotions, an enquiry was conducted into relevant concepts found across the world's cultures, focusing specifically on so-called untranslatable words. Through a quasi-systematic search of academic and grey literature, together with conceptual snowballing, 30 relevant terms were located. A process of grounded theory analysis identified five main themes: hope, longing, pathos, appreciation of imperfection, and sensitivity to mystery. The analysis highlights the need for a more expansive conception of wellbeing, going beyond an exclusive identification with positively valenced emotions to incorporate more complex and ambivalent processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the effects of technology-enhanced interventions in hospitality curricula using an overarching research hypothesis - Does a course that features multi-model inputs, web-based learning opportunities and interactive communications prepare students well for their internships? Through an exploration of various influences within blended learning, this study unpacks students' responses to the pedagogical design, technology-enhanced interactions and in turn, assess for their intercultural competencies. The theoretical framework informing this study confirms the hypothesis that these multifaceted classroom activities demonstrated pedagogical effectiveness for knowledge retention. The findings showed that students' intercultural competences were significantly promoted. Students' learning interactions also improved due to the processes of video-making, sharing and discussions in the classroom. Moreover, these classroom activities significantly raised students' intercultural awareness. With regards to the effectiveness of the course for internship preparation, students showed moderate levels of satisfaction. Theoretical and practical contributions to the embedding of ICT within hospitality courses are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New Year's resolutions are acts of valuation where people express ideas about what is important and worthwhile in life. Although resolutions have a long history, the twenty-first century has transformed the practice into a social media ritual with greater visibility, interactivity, and reach. Using this unique event to explore the globalization of values, we analyze tweets about New Year's resolutions in English, German, Italian, Japanese, and Korean. Combining network analysis (n = 160,592) and content analysis (n = 2000), we compare discursive topics, modes of ritual participation, and the values expressed in resolutions. Our findings indicate both that the ritual crosses cultures and that there are language-specific dynamics that do not map neatly onto established divisions between 'Eastern' and 'Western' value orientations. Instead, we identify three underlying tensions organizing the articulation of values: self-acceptance vs. self-improvement, public vs. private, and conformity vs. oppositionality. We discuss these in relation to an overarching tension between local contexts and global platform cultures. Finally, we explore the study's broader implications for understanding the interaction between values, norms, and global communicative practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addressed the cross-cultural applicability and tested the generalizability of the Consumer Styles Inventory (CSI) for profiling contemporary young consumers in the U.S. and South Korea. Online surveys were used to collect 411 American and 680 South Korean female responses from various universities in both countries, respectively. Using a cross-validation approach, this study revealed a seven-factor model for U.S. consumers and a five-factor model for South Korean consumers differed from the original Sproles and Kendall's eight-factor model, suggesting a substantial modification to profile Decision-making Styles (DMS) of today's global consumers. Findings are limited to young female consumers in both countries. The similarities and differences found between these two countries can provide helpful insights to apparel professionals targeting global consumers. The findings contribute a new way of profiling today's young fashion consumers by modifying existing CSI that have been used for more than 30 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of diversity and diversity education is becoming increasingly clear among businesses and in society. Colleges and universities are recognizing the necessity of expanding student outcomes to include intercultural competence to meet this requirement. Because of this increased importance, this study sought to examine the impact of a study abroad marketing course on students' intercultural competency. Students enrolled in an upper-level marketing course completed a nine-day study abroad trip in Belize, where they were able to interact with diverse cultures. They also completed the Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI) as part of the class assessment at the beginning and end of the semester. To improve their IDI score, they received instruction, individual coaching, and completed individual assignments to increase their intercultural competency. Results show a significant positive increase in terms of developmental orientation toward other cultures at the end of the semester as compared to the beginning. These results provide insight and suggest best practices on how to increase intercultural competency in students in marketing education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Connectedness to nature influences the well-being and health of individuals, communities, and the planet. Although many validated scales exist, none includes the three fundamental aspects of any attitude: the affective, behavioural, and cognitive components. The study's main objective was to develop and validate an integral tool, the ABC Connectedness to Nature Scale (ABC-CNS), which would enable the measurement of the affective, behavioural, and cognitive aspects of this construct. The questionnaire was administered to 1,375 students (878 Ecuadorian and 497 Spanish). Exploratory factor analysis retained the three expected factors. Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed a robust adjustment for the tridimensional structure, but cross-cultural invariance was not attained: Although the ABC-CNS is valid for both Ecuador and Spain, the scores cannot be compared in both cultural contexts analysed. The pattern of relations with other psychological variables (proenvironmental values, appreciation and preservation of nature, and individual and classmates' proenvironmental behaviours) provided evidence of the structure and construct validity. The ABC-CNS scale is an integral, reliable, and short tool to measure connectedness to nature through the proposed dimensions. The tool is suitable for environmental professionals and researchers to assess individuals' connectedness to nature, a psychological variable that may affect a person's mental health and proenvironmental behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the greatest economic potential of the countries in the Central Asian region, the Republic of Kazakhstan is currently engaged in international commercial activities with more than 190 countries. At the same time, while actively pursuing modern marketing strategies and when communicating with business partners of different cultural and linguistic background, particularly, in business correspondence, Kazakhstan also bears witness to a Soviet legacy combined with specific Asian characteristics. The aim of this study is to examine socio-cultural factors identified in 316 business letters composed in Kazakh, Russian, and English, the most commonly used languages of the modern Kazakhstani business community. The forms of relationships between business communicants in the hierarchical chain of a superior and their subordinate are also considered, including their role statuses, social distance, the factors involved in the constructing a business text and other aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumers face the risk that their food is unsafe because of natural and accidental contamination (traditional food safety problems) or deliberate contamination (food defense problems). Coordinated international efforts with leadership from developed countries could help reduce these food risks. If consumers within or between countries have different attitudes about the risks, it may be difficult to generate sufficient political support for building an international food safety system. A unique consumer survey of adults in the US, the UK, Spain, Italy, Germany, and Japan identified consumer attitudes about traditional food safety and food defense. Concerns about traditional food safety, confidence in the system to prevent intentional contamination, and funding allocations between food safety and food defense were examined in models with two sets of cultural control measures. Many people perceived food safety to be different from food defense. Food safety concerns were linked to gender, age, presence of children, education, income, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity. Food defense confidence was associated with gender, age, power distance, and uncertainty avoidance. Funding allocations were examined in two models and power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and individualism were significant. Although it was expected that low concerns about food safety and low confidence in food defense would increase the allocation share for food defense, this was not confirmed in the data. Many differences were noted between countries, showing the importance of culture for understanding attitudes toward food risks. Although both sets of cultural measures made significant contributions, neither was judged to be superior to country dummy variables. Given the variations found in attitudes toward food safety and food defense, creating an international solution to reduce food risks will be difficult. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: Civil society; irregular migration; NGOs; migration management; borders; Europe EN Civil society irregular migration NGOs migration management borders Europe 1 11 11 01/20/23 20230201 NES 230201 Introduction This Special Issue considers the role of civil society, including non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and civil society organizations (CSOs), in contemporary migration and border governance, with a particular focus on its relationship to states and on its involvement in the control of migration. Migration/border governance takes place in very different settings, particular in terms of the nature and role of states, and of the kind of society in which civil society intervenes. This scholarship raises core issues about non-state actors in migration/asylum governance, but focuses mainly on supra- and intergovernmental organizations rather than on civil society per se. This makes for an ambiguous situation, in which civil society is called upon to help states govern migration, but also to protect migrants from some of the consequences of governments' migration policies. [Extracted from the article]

This research focuses on gender roles in advertising on YouTube using a content-analysis approach that addresses the unique functionalities and characteristics of online advertising formats and its consumers. The data was collected from Germany and Israel, based on 311 advertisements providing 473 central characters. The results provide evidence for stereotyping in online advertising. These findings are slightly different from previous studies on gender roles in traditional advertising. Stereotyping in advertising on YouTube mainly draws on physical characteristics (e.g. body shape, height), but not occupational status (e.g. professional). In contrast, in traditional advertising stereotyping draws more on occupational status. The degree of stereotyping based on role behaviours is similar in both traditional and social media advertising. The country-specific results show that gender roles in advertising show cross-cultural differences, defying the assumption of YouTube as a uniform globalized online platform for ads. These findings have implications for advertisers asking to improve the efficiency of online ads that use stereotypes and for researchers and regulators, underlining the importance of the ongoing political debate on what constitutes appropriate regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates how cultural traits play a role regarding the effect of attribute-level experiences on tourist satisfaction. Adopting Deep Learning algorithm, we proposed Attribute-Level Sentiment Analysis Model (ASAM) to extract tourists' attribute-level experiences from online reviews. Then, based on nearly 50000 online reviews collect from TripAdvisor, we empirically find that positive attribute-level experiences exert the greater influence on individualism American tourists' satisfaction, while negative attribute-level experiences affect collectivism Chinese tourists' satisfaction. In addition, we find that attribute type moderates the effect of perceived attribute experiences on overall satisfaction. Specifically, American tourists are more influenced by positive experiences with vertical attributes, while Chinese tourists are more affected by negative experiences with horizontal attributes. This research contributes to hospitality literature by enhancing the understanding of the cross-cultural factors in influencing tourist satisfaction. These findings also shed light on practices regarding improving tourist satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]