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Microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology has gained significant traction as an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and intelligent self-healing method for concrete cracks. The harsh service environment and high alkalinity of cement matrices have posed a significant challenge to the survival and growth of bacteria, which is crucial for the success of MICP technologies in concrete components. This article aims to present an up-to-date overview of the current research status of self-healing concrete cracks utilizing MICP technology. Specifically, it comprehensively reviews the selection of mineralization repair systems, encompassing repair mechanisms, effects, processes, nutrient addition sequences, and carrier selection. Furthermore, various characterization methods for evaluating the self-healing ability of concrete are explored, accompanied by an in-depth analysis of practical applications of self-healing concrete. Finally, this paper highlights the pressing issues facing this technology while outlining promising directions for future advancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of fossil fuels leads to environmental contamination during their extraction, processing and distribution. Microbial biodegradation provides a sustainable method for cleaning contaminated areas which follows the principles of sustainability. This paper presents the dynamics of biodegradation of hydrocarbon fractions of diesel oil, using Planomicrobium sp. and Rhodococcus sp. isolated from petroleum-contaminated sites. GC–MS analysis was employed to analyse abundances of the specific compounds such as n-alkanes, isoprenoids, sesquitepranes, hopanes, steranes and aromatic compounds (naphthalene and its methylated homologues, phenanthrene and anthracene and their methylated homologues, and dibenzothiophene and its methylated homologues). The obtained results showed that after 30 days of biodegradation of diesel, a significant degradation was achieved, with almost complete degradation of n-alkanes and a decrease in the amount of sesquiterapanes. Rhodococcus sp. had a higher efficiency in degradation of n-alkanes, while Planomicrobium sp. had a higher efficiency in the degradation of branched hydrocarbons. Both strains showed high activity in the biodegradation of sesquitepranes and demonstrate ability to degrade methylated phenanthrenes. Additionally, dimethyl-dibenzothiophenes were almost completely degraded and removed from the system. This study presents the first comprehensive report on the GC–MS analysis of the diesel biodegradation pattern of the Planomicrobium sp., compared with the well-established Rhodococcus sp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extensive use of organic chemicals has resulted in the widespread distribution of hydrocarbon contaminants (HCs) in many ecosystems on a global scale. Many subterranean ecosystems can rapidly become anaerobic or even methanogenic following hydrocarbon contamination. Bacteria and archaea dominate communities in such systems and mediate the syntrophic processes that transform HCs into methane (CH4). The resulting CH4 is oxidized by anaerobic bacteria and archaea, either jointly or individually, in the presence of electron acceptors (e.g., sulfate, nitrate, nitrite, manganese, or ferric iron), a process that reduces CH4 emissions and, as a result, contributes to climate change mitigation. Although the possibility of the syntrophy of bacteria and archaea in the anaerobic transformation of HCs and methane oxidation is widely established, the specific pathways and syntrophic taxa involved are poorly understood. This paper reviews the syntrophy of bacteria and archaea in anaerobic HC degradation, with a focus on methanogenic processes. In addition, we discuss the role of bacteria and archaea in the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) and its environmental significance. Given that much of the biotransformation of HCs driven by methanogenic and methanotrophic processes remains unknown, we propose a way forward to discover novel syntrophic partners and metabolic pathways in such anoxic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reviewed the current perspectives on the development of carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration through its process conversion into calcite. The process occurs in either geological or biological systems. However, geological sequestration is an expensive process, which is slow in comparison to bio-sequestration. Recently, the bio-sequestration of atmospheric CO2 into the soil using microorganisms such as algae has been investigated. However, the algae cannot be used in the bio-concrete due to their nature as phototrophic organisms. In contrast, bacteria are the most potent organisms in bio-concrete technology. The use of bacterial species in the bio-aerated concrete bricks (B-ACB) and its potential to bio-sequestrate CO2 represents a future strategy to reduce high CO2 pollution. Bacterial cells can capture CO2 by accelerating the carbonation processes, which convert CO2 into calcium carbonate (CaCO3) via carbon anhydrase and urease enzymes. The present paper aimed to highlight and discuss the applicability of bacteria in the B-ACB for capturing and storing CO2. It is evident from the literature that the new trends to use bio-concrete might contribute to the reduction of CO2 by accelerating the carbonation process and strengthening the B-ACB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spirulina species are photosynthetic and filamentous bacteria, commonly called 'blue-green microalgae'. Spirulina has a high nutrient content. It contains 60–70% protein with all essential amino acids present, and is rich in several vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds. Spirulina is also rich in essential fatty acids, and antioxidants. This rich nutritional content provides to Spirulina several health benefits including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulation, and insulin-sensitizing properties as well as positive effects in various diseases which could be also interesting for athletes. This paper mainly aims to review the interest and effects of Spirulina supplementation in athletes at rest, and in relation to exercise/training. Spirulina's biochemical composition, health properties/effects in humans, and effects in athletes including nutritional status, body composition, physical performance and intense exercise-related disorders were discussed in this review. Literature data showed that Spirulina seems to have positive effects on body composition especially in overweight and obese subjects which could not be the case in other pathologies and athletes. Spirulina appears to be also effective in improving aerobic fitness especially in untrained and moderately trained subjects. Results reported in the literature suggest that Spirulina may improve strength and power performance despite the minor or no significant effects in highly trained subjects. Most studies have shown that Spirulina improves antioxidant status, prevents and accelerates the recovery of exercise-induced lipid peroxidation, muscle damage and inflammation in trained and untrained subjects. Taken together, the results from these studies are encouraging and may demonstrate the potential benefits of Spirulina supplementation in athletes despite methodological differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Goa is situated in the northwestern part of the Western Dharwar Craton (WDC) which is Asia's major metallogenic province. The iron ore of Goa is associated with greenstone and occurs as bands, reefs, and lenses of Banded Hematite Quartzite (BHQ) and Banded Magnetite Quartzite (BMQ) none of these are explored for geo-microbiological dimensions, such as detection of microbioform Gold. The presence of metalliferous WDC in Goa affords sampling of auriferous materials from mining area having hitherto BHQ at latitude 15°29′54″ N and longitude 74° 03′44″ E) and BMQ at latitude 15°24′12″ N and longitude 74° 09′31″ E were collected, surface sterilized and drilled with a sterile driller to get the endolithic material under sterile conditions and sent for metagenomic analysis using Oxford nanopore sequencing. Both the samples showed the presence of microorganisms with Archea, such as Haloferax, Nitrososphaera, and Eubacteria, i.e., Bacillus, Ralstonia, Cupriavidus, Burkholderia, and Acetobacter. The traditional model of Banded Iron Deposition assumes precipitation by the oxidation of hydrothermal Fe (II), either via abiotic oxidation or biotic oxidation through chemo lithotrophic Eubacteria, such as cyanobacteria which produce oxygen. This paper reports the diversity and the presumptive role of these microorganisms in the biogeochemical cycling of metals, such as Fe, Mn, and gold (Au). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acid-resistant bacteria are more and more widely used in industrial production due to their unique acid-resistant properties. In order to survive in various acidic environments, acid-resistant bacteria have developed diverse protective mechanisms such as sensing acid stress and signal transduction, maintaining intracellular pH homeostasis by controlling the flow of H+, protecting and repairing biological macromolecules, metabolic modification, and cross-protection. Acid-resistant bacteria have broad biotechnological application prospects in the food field. The production of fermented foods with high acidity and acidophilic enzymes are the main applications of this kind of bacteria in the food industry. Their acid resistance modules can also be used to construct acid-resistant recombinant engineering strains for special purposes. However, they can also cause negative effects on foods, such as spoilage and toxicity. Herein, the aim of this paper is to summarize the research progress of molecular mechanisms against acid stress of acid-resistant bacteria. Moreover, their effects on the food industry were also discussed. It is useful to lay a foundation for broadening our understanding of the physiological metabolism of acid-resistant bacteria and better serving the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, three effective toluene-degrading bacteria were obtained through acclimation and screening by using landfill leachate as the initial liquid strain. The three obtained bacteria were denoted as J1, J2 and J3, and identified as Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Staphylococcus, respectively. We then identified the optimal combination of these toluene-degrading bacteria in the laboratory. The combination of J1 + J3 (1:1) exhibited the highest toluene removal efficiency (RE). A vertical bio-trickling filter (BTF) packed with ceramsite was started by inoculation with the effective combination. The performance of the BTF in treating toluene under various operating conditions was investigated. After 17 days of operation, the toluene RE reached about 90% and the maximum elimination capacity reached 42.0 g m−3 h−1. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that after the successful start-up of the BTF, the biofilm on the packing surface primarily consisted of Bacillus and Staphylococcus. During the stable state, the RE of the BTF was maintained above 80%, the shortest empty bed residence time was 34 s and toluene concentrations ranged between 300 and 800 mg m−3. The results indicate that the BTF started using the effective combination of bacteria described here is robust. This paper also provides a preliminary analysis of the mechanism of microbial degradation of pollutants in the BTF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mohangic acids are a class of p-aminoacetophenonic acids that contain a conjugated triene or diene moiety. Herein, this paper reports two new mohangic acids E and F (1-2) together with a known compound mohangic acid A (3), which were isolated from the deep-sea sediment-derived bacteria Alcanivorax dieselolei BC-5. The structures of 1 and 2 were established by HRESIMS, 1 D and 2 D NMR, and IR spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although not as well studied as the bacterial component of the human microbiota, the commensal fungi or mycobiota play important roles in maintaining our health by augmenting our immune system. This mycobiota is also associated with various fatal diseases like opportunistic mycoses, and even cancer, with different cancers having respective type-specific mycobiota. The different fungal species which comprise these different intratumoral mycobiota play important roles in cancer progression. The aim of this review paper is to decipher the association between mycobiota and cancer, and shed light on new avenues in cancer diagnosis, and the development of new anti-cancer therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPhages play a critical role in the assembly and regulation of fermented food microbiome through lysis and lysogenic lifestyle, which in turn affects the yield and quality of fermented foods. Therefore, it is important to investigate and characterize the diversity and function of phages under complex microbial communities and nutrient substrate conditions to provide novel insights into the regulation of traditional spontaneous fermentation. Viral metagenomics has gradually garnered increasing attention in fermented food research to elucidate phage functions and characterize the interactions between phages and the microbial community. Advances in this technology have uncovered a wide range of phages associated with the production of traditional fermented foods and beverages. This paper reviews the common methods of viral metagenomics applied in fermented food research, and summarizes the ecological functions of phages in traditional fermented foods. In the future, combining viral metagenomics with culturable methods and metagenomics will broaden the scope of research on fermented food systems, revealing the complex role of phages and intricate phage–bacterium interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural environments contain a variety of microorganisms, of which, a limited number are able to develop bioremediation process. The main goal of the present paper was to perform microbiological investigations to culturable bacteria isolated from uranium ore samples from Aborshid Egypt, and characterize their response to 15 antibiotics and 10 heavy metals beside uranium. Among the potential environmental isolates, there was no detection of any acquired antibiotic resistance, which supports the idea that their resistance mechanisms are mainly intrinsic. On the contrary, the potentially pathogenic isolates presented a broad diversity of acquired antibiotic resistance toward different antibiotic classes. Furthermore, results revealed a varying response of the ore bacteria to the tested heavy metals. All isolates showed multiple metal resistances toward 10 heavy metals, with MIC ranging from 50 to 1000ppm. We found that optimum temperature for growth of bacteria in general ranges from 30 to 50 °C and bio-sorption of metal increased with increasing pH from 1.0 to 5.0, then decreased upon further increase to 7.0. The decrease in the sorption efficiency at pH higher than 5.0 may be due to the precipitation as hydroxide. We found possible correlation between antibiotic resistance and heavy-metal resistance patterns of Escherichia coli strains isolated from uranium ore; the most potent of the strains in both groups were resistant to Pb, Ni, Cu and Zn. It was concluded that highly metal-resistant bacteria could be used with potential application for treatment of wastewaters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modeling of the response of living organisms to a change in environment is an important issue of current interest. An example is the effect of ultraviolet radiation on biological systems. In this paper, molecular and analytical identification of Pseudomonas isolate were reported. Then, swarmer Pseudomonas cells were exposed to UVc radiations. The spatiotemporal response of swarmer Pseudomonas, to UVc exposure, was followed. Observing alterations in bacterial membrane integrity by electron microscopy can help to clarify the detailed mechanisms of resistance to UVc. The most evident changes were related to membrane structures. In the cytoplasm, the main finding was the appearance of round mesosomes as intracellular bilayered membranes. Another impact of UVc on Pseudomonas was evident from the appearance of additional membrane structures. In accordance with the viability results, UVc-induced ultrastructural changes of Pseudomonas membrane structures were identified, resulting in cell death, through a multistage model of UVc inactivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are known to cause severe corrosion of steel structures in various industries, resulting in significant economic and environmental consequences. This review paper critically examines the impact of SRB-induced corrosion on steel, including the formation of SRB biofilms, the effect on different types of steel, and the various models developed to investigate this phenomenon. The role of environmental factors in SRB-induced corrosion, molecular techniques for studying SRBs, and strategies for mitigating corrosion are discussed. Additionally, the sustainability implications of SRB-induced corrosion and the potential use of alternative materials were explored. By examining the current state of knowledge on this topic, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of SRB-induced corrosion on steel and identify opportunities for further research and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA) and bone- particle (BP) doping on the removal of fluoride and bacteria by ceramic water filters (CWFs). The CWFs were produced by mixing clay, sieved sawdust, and either HA or BPs in a weight ratio of 30:50:20 and sintered at 850°C or 900°C to produce micro-/ nano-porous structures that remove microbial pathogens (by geometric occlusion) and fluoride (by adsorption) from contaminated water. The HA-doped filters exhibited similar flow characteristics to the BP-doped filters. However, BP-doped CWFs were more effective in removing fluoride and microbial pathogens (such as E. coli) from contaminated water than HA-doped filters. The water flow rates and fluoride removal depended on sintering temperature, with CWFs sintered at 850°C enabling faster flow rates of 2.2Lh−1 and higher fluoride removal of 2.74 mol.cm−2 than the CWFs sintered at 900°C. Fluoride removal by the HA- and BP-doped filters was well characterized by Freundlich isotherms that reveal the occurrence of spontaneous but heterogeneous adsorption. The implications of the results are discussed for the design of point-of-use CWFs for the removal of fluoride and microbial pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new method for curing electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) using the biocarbonization of reactive MgO (r-MgO) is presented in this paper. This method uses microbial technology to provide CO2 to react with r-MgO then strengthen the EMR and reduce its heavy-metal content, which combines the advantage of r-MgO solidification technology and microbial technology. Several parameters include the content of r-MgO and urea, initial moisture content, and age that affect the moisture content, dry density, pH, unconfined compressive strength, stress–strain curve, and microstructure of solidified EMR are studied, and the solidification mechanism of EMR using the biocarbonization of r-MgO is discussed. The results show that the hydration of r-MgO generates brucite can reduce the moisture content and increase the dry density and pH. The CO2 produced by the hydrolysis of urea with bacteria reacts with brucite to produce nesquehonite, hydromagnesite, and other carbonized products that further reduce the moisture content and increase the dry density. This process can bridge particles and fill pores, consequently improving the EMR strength. At early age, the biocarbonated EMR samples can reach 5.22 MPa at 12 h. This shows the biocarbonization of r-MgO is effective for solidifying EMR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to analyse the potential of Lamiaceae essential oils, extracts, and hydrolats against bacterial biofilms. Bacterial cells Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus were exposed to Thymus vulgaris L. (thyme), Salvia officinalis L. (sage), Mentha × piperita L. (mint) essential oils, extracts, and hydrolats. The result of the minimal inhibitory concentration assessment shows the highest antibacterial potential for essential oils, followed by extracts and hydrolats respectively. The anti-biofouling capacity revealed that thyme essential oil has the highest potential for biofilm prevention for all tested bacteria, reducing up to 91% of biofilm, followed by mint (88%) and sage (87%) essential oil. While the thyme extract (84%), sage extract (83%) and hydrolat (77%) we less effective. The chemical composition of thyme essential oil showed a high percentage of monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes, among which p-cymene and thymol were the most predominant. The bacterial cell membrane integrity assessment shows a significant increase in dead cells by increasing the concentration of thyme essential oil. The findings of our research indicate that the choice of herbal preparation significantly affects the active components, thereby influencing both antibacterial and anti-biofouling capabilities. Lamiaceae essential oils show great potential for biofilm management and represent a good candidate for antibacterial application in pharmacy, medicine, and industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the past few years, microbial biofilms have been emerging as a significant threat to the modern healthcare system, and their prevalence and antibiotic resistance threat gradually increase daily among the human population. The biofilm has a remarkable impact in the field of infectious diseases, in particular healthcare-associated infections related to indwelling devices such as catheters, implants, artificial heart valves, and prosthetic joints. Bacterial biofilm potentially adheres to any biotic or abiotic surfaces that give specific shelter to the microbial community, making them less susceptible to many antimicrobial agents and even resistant to the immune cells of animal hosts. Around thirty clinical research reports available in PUBMED have been considered to establish the occurrence of biofilm-forming bacteria showing resistance against several regular antibiotics prescribed against infection by clinicians among Indian patients. After the extensive literature review, our observation exhibits a high predominance of biofilm formation among bacteria such as Escherichia sp., Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp., and Pseudomonas sp., those are the most common biofilm-producing antibiotic-resistant bacteria among Indian patients with urinary tract infections and/or catheter-related infections, respiratory tract infections, dental infections, skin infections, and implant-associated infections. This review demonstrates that biofilm-associated bacterial infections constantly elevate in several pathological conditions along with the enhancement of the multi-drug resistance phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of algicidal bacteria has gained prominence as natural solution to control the worrying increase of harmful algal blooms worldwide. However, although cyanobacterial blooms (cyanoHABs) often dominate freshwater bodies, recent reviews on the subject have addressed cyanobacteria in the second place and focused more on bacteria-algae interactions. This article provides a critical review of the fundamental aspects of searching for, isolating and assaying candidate algicidal bacteria targeting cyanobacteria. Possible species-specific interactions and the different modes of action of bacteria against different species of cyanobacteria are also discussed. It has been observed that there is a clear bias in the literature toward the genus Microcystis, being by far the most studied and reviewed to date. This contrasts with the numerous studies showing cyanobacterial blooms dominated by other harmful species, such as the genera Planktothrix, Aphanizomenon or Raphidiopsis. To add new knowledge to the lack of current studies on these genera, a separate experimental section has been included in this review with research results on the sensitivity of nine harmful freshwater cyanobacteria and two green algae to different bacteria and algicidal compounds. Finally, certain ecological and biosafety risks that must be taken into account when applying algicidal bacteria as a bioaugmentation strategy are also highlighted. Overall, this review is presented as an attempt to outline the knowledge gathered over the last thirty years of research, while raising new questions and debates on key issues that remain poorly understood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil samples were collected from research farm of Ebonyi State University and mining site in Izzi Local Government Area (L.G.A) of Ebonyi State. Rhizobacteria from rhizosphere of maize were identified using molecular methods. Tolerance of the isolates to heavy metals was assessed using standard laboratory techniques. The heavy metal profile of the soil was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Ability of the PGPB to remediate heavy metal polluted soil was assessed with hot plate aqua-regiae digestion method. The isolates were identified as: Pseudomonas fluorescens strain 5113, Alcaligenes faecalis strain P156, Pseudomonas syringae HS191, Bacillus subtilis strain NBSL51 and Bacillus cereus strain 20 UPMNR. P. fluorescens exhibited maximum tolerance at different concentrations of metals while A. faecalis had minimum tolerance. The heavy metal profile of the soil was determined and expressed in ppm as lead (25.0), copper (2.4), chromium (1.2) and zinc (16.0). The Isolates remediated the heavy metals. P. fluorescens + B. cereus maximally degraded the metals with values of (Pb = 87.2%, Zn = 69.25%, Cr =67.5%) while B. cereus alone degraded 70.0% Cu. P. fluorescens + B. cereus is recommended for soil that is contaminated with chromium, lead and zinc while B. cereus is recommended for copper contaminated soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to characterize and determine the antibacterial activities of synthesized Strobilanthes crispus-mediated AgNPs (SC-AgNPs) against Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. S. crispus water extract acts as a reducing and capping agent in the synthesis of AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, dynamic light scattering (DLS), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR). FESEM images showed a rough surface with a spherical shape. The average size distribution of 75.25 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.373. XRD analysis matched the facecentred cubic structure of silver. FTIR analysis revealed a shifted peak from 1404.99 to 1345.00 cm-1. MIC and MBC values of SC-AgNPs were 1.25 mg/mL and 2.5 mg/mL against E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. mutans, respectively. Time-kill assay showed that SC-AgNPs significantly reduced bacterial growth as compared to non-treated bacteria. Morphologies of bacteria treated with SC-AgNPs were shrunk, lysed, irregular and smaller as compared to control. SC-AgNPs significantly disrupted the gene expression of eae A, gtf B and Pel A (p<0.05). This study indicated that the synthesized SC-AgNPs were stable with enhanced antibacterial activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the production and processing of coal, burning it for energy production may cause a series of environmental pollution due to the amount of sulphur in it. When the consumed sulphur in coal is in the form of sulphur dioxide at the end of combustion, it reacts with water at high altitudes. Moreover, it goes down to the earth in the form of sulphuric acid, as well as damaging plants. The corrosive harmful impact on industrial plants is the removal of the sulphur in the coal when it is environmental. Microorganisms that use sulphur as food to eliminate the anxiety of clean production brought about by the chemical method. This review determined the study contains information about which microorganism is effective in removing sulphur in coal and also the types of organisms that should be according to the organic sulphur type in coal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICCP) has been considered a novel method in corrosion prevention of reinforced concrete (RC) at the lab scale. In this investigation, silica fume (SF) based inoculum for the construction industry was developed and possessed a shelf life of 180 days with an effective cell count required to induce MICCP in RC structures. The SF-based inoculum was immobilized in fresh concrete to study the corrosion mitigation potential. The RC specimens were cured for 28 days and subjected to impressed current-induced chloride corrosion. Electrochemical and electromechanical impedance (EMI) techniques were employed separately on RC specimens for corrosion assessment. The results prove that the SF-based carrier can be effectively used for corrosion prevention and that the emerging EMI technique can efficiently monitor the corrosion process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent explorations into the gut microbiome of humans and animals reveal implications in chronic physical and mental health disorders. Relatively little is known regarding the relationship of gut microbiome and depression. In the current review, we reviewed existing scientific data related to the gut microbiome and healthy patients versus patients with depression. Additionally, scientific literature containing the utility of microbiome interventions to improve depression symptoms was reviewed. A PubMed and Clinical Key literature search combined the key terms 'gut,' 'microbiome,' 'bacteria,' and 'depression' to identify studies investigating these relationships. 76 relevant articles were identified. Human and animal studies reviewed examined marked alterations in the dominant bacterial phyla in the gut of individuals with depression, the connection between leaky gut and neuroinflammation in depression, brain regulatory centers impacted by changes in the gut microbiome, and the benefits of the addition of a probiotic/prebiotic for gut and mental health. The current review confirmed the suspected direct communication between the gut microbiome, brain functioning, and depression. Additionally, studies suggest antibiotics disrupt the gut microbiome. There are important implications for psychiatrists in providing opportunities for intervention and enhancement of current treatments for individuals with depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The excessive use of chemical substances such as pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides, along with other harmful practices, has disrupted the beneficial microflora in the soil. These harmful effects extend beyond the soil and can lead to the spread of dangerous diseases in both humans and animals. Pesticides are frequently applied in modern agriculture to boost crop production and meet the demands of a growing population. However, the accumulation of pesticides in the soil poses a threat to both the soil itself and the overall ecosystem. As pesticides enter the food chain, groundwater, and marine water, they have direct or indirect impacts on human health and negatively affect terrestrial and aquatic life. These chemical compounds contribute to various biological and microscopic contaminants, resulting in detrimental environmental consequences. Fortunately, certain microorganisms possess natural tolerance to pesticides and can survive under adverse conditions. Diazotrophs, which are nitrogen-fixing bacteria, have also been found to play a role in the biodegradation of toxic compounds released from pesticides, thereby contributing to a healthier environment. This review focuses on the essential microbial community involved in pesticide degradation, with particular emphasis on Diazotrophs. It explores their classification, mechanisms of pesticide degradation, and regulation under stress conditions. Understanding the characteristics of these essential microbes (Diazotrophs) operating in stressful environments is crucial for pesticide degradation. The study highlights the significant role of microbial diversity in the breakdown of xenobiotic pesticide compounds in the soil, emphasising the importance of an eco-friendly approach to improve agricultural practices, sustain soil fertility, promote crop production, and protect ecotoxicology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2022, a confined space entry accident occurred on a Danish product tanker in which two technicians died from hydrogen sulfide poisoning during the inspection of an empty cargo tank that had contained vegetable cooking oil. The source of the hydrogen sulfide was enigmatic. About three weeks before the accident, the cargo tank was prewashed with seawater. The wash water did not seem likely to present a toxic hazard and was left in the tank. However, the seawater's natural content of dissolved sulfate was converted to sulfide by sulfate-reducing bacteria, and the low-sulfur vegetable oil residue provided the nutrients necessary for bacterial growth. Calculations confirm that sulfate in just 10 m3 of plain seawater is sufficient to create an immediately fatal concentration of H2S gas in the 4,500 m3 cargo tank of the product tanker. Accident statistics show that fatal accidents within enclosed spaces are a serious and stubborn problem. Strict adherence to routine forced ventilation and extensive gas testing of cargo tanks before entry would offer simple and effective preventive measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A search was conducted for the sources of diastatic enzymes driving the over attenuation and continued fermentation of dry hopped beer known as "hop creep". Microbial cultivation using starch containing media and assays of amylase enzyme activity were used to isolate and identify microbes from pellet hops that are potential sources of amylases associated with but exogenous to hops (Humulus lupulus). Bacteria and fungi associated with pellet hops produced amylases but did not produce hop creep in assays using finished beer and fermenting wort with added microbes. Cannabis sativa flower produced over attenuation of fermenting wort equivalent to that seen with hops. Comparative bioinformatic analysis of the Cannabis sativa proteome and H. lupulus genome revealed the genetic potential of H. lupulus to produce endogenous amylase enzymes. Sequence similarity of amylases annotated in the C. sativa proteome to previously unidentified genes in H. lupulus revealed 13 genes likely encoding amylases. PCR and sequencing confirmed the occurrence of genes that appear to encode α-amylase and β-amylase in the Citra® hop cultivar. Identifying a genetic basis for hop creep contributes knowledge that may lead to new approaches for controlling hop creep produced by endogenous amylases of H. lupulus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies on fossil bone microbial communities are scarce; even fewer studies were performed in cave deposits. For our research, sediments and fossil bones were sampled, and the whole community 16S rRNA gene-based metabarcoding analyses were performed on samples from Muierilor and Ursilor caves, some of Romania's most important archaeological and paleontological sites. Most of the identified taxa belong to Bacteria, with Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota amongst the most abundant phyla in bone samples from both caves. The sediment samples presented similar composition, with Proteobacteria and Acidobacteriota being the most abundant phyla. The inferred bacteriomes indicated the presence of environment-specific bacteria, typical bone colonizers, and bacteria found in soils and decomposing human remains or archaeological profiles as well as phosphate-solubilizing and organotrophic bacteria. Diversity indices indicated a higher diversity in bone samples from Muierilor Cave than in Ursilor Cave samples and sediment samples from both caves. Environmental conditions, especially air relative humidity, were also considered in explaining the bacteriome diversity in different cave settings. These findings help to understand fossil bones' deposition and degradation in various environmental conditions. Furthermore, this is the first attempt to relate microenvironments and bacteria to preserving fossil bones from caves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the future, cleaning products must fulfil the principles of green chemistry while maintaining efficacy against bacteria. This study aims to evaluate the detergent properties, ecotoxicity, and anti-biofilm potential of natural saponins compared to synthetic surfactants. We tested sodium dodecyl sulphate, quillaja saponin, escin, and sapogenin for emulsifying capacity, critical micelle concentration, ecotoxicity to yeast, and antibacterial and anti-biofilm potential against bacteria. The results show that the emulsifying capacities of quillaja saponin and sodium dodecyl sulphate are similar, while the critical micelle concentration for quillaja saponin is much lower. Furthermore, the antibacterial and antibiofilm potentials are much higher for quillaja saponin than for synthetic sodium dodecyl sulphate. Moreover, we have shown that natural saponins are less toxic to the S. cerevisiae than synthetic saponin is. All these facts indicate that quillaja is a suitable candidate to replace synthetic products as it meets the requirements of efficacy and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to provide novel information through Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) for the characterization of viral and bacterial RNA cargo of human sperm cells from healthy fertile donors. For this, RNA-seq raw data of poly(A) RNA from 12 sperm samples from fertile donors were aligned to microbiome databases using the GAIA software. Species of viruses and bacteria were quantified in Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU) and filtered by minimal expression level (>1% OTU in at least one sample). Mean expression values (and their standard deviation) of each species were estimated. A Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were performed to detect common microbiome patterns among samples. Sixteen microbiome species, families, domains, and orders surpassed the established expression threshold. Of the 16 categories, nine corresponded to viruses (23.07% OTU) and seven to bacteria (2.77% OTU), among which the Herperviriales order and Escherichia coli were the most abundant, respectively. HCA and PCA displayed four clusters of samples with a differentiated microbiome fingerprint. This work represents a pilot study into the viruses and bacteria that make up the human sperm microbiome. Despite the high variability observed, some patterns of similarity among individuals were identified. Further NGS studies under standardized methodological procedures are necessary to achieve a deep knowledge of the semen microbiome and its implications in male fertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out in order to determine bacterial strains that can be used as biological fertilizer in tea cultivation. The present study assessed possible effects of mineral NPK fertilizer (TF: 80 kg ha−1 compound 25: 5:10) and ACC deaminase-containing, N2-fixing, and P-solubilizing 6 bacteria strains as single (T1-T6:Pseudomonas fluorescens RC483, Pseudomonas fluorescens RC77E, Pseudomonas putida RC19b, Bacillus licheniformis RC5B2, Bacillus subtilis RC5A2, Bacillus pumilus RC7A1), binary (T7: RC483 + RC5A2, T8: RC77E + RC7A1), triple (T9: RC77E + RC5A2+ RC5B2, T10: RC483+ RC19b + RC7A1) and quadruple (T11: RC77E + RC5B2 + RC7A1+ RC5A2) inoculations, chemical fertilizer (80 kg ha−1 compound 25: 5: 10) and control treatments on growth, yield, yield, nutrient uptake and enzyme activity of Pazar-20 tea clones manufactured for commercial purposes. Experimental groups determined in the present study were formed by considering the results of our preliminary study and bacteria that do not have antagonistic effects on each other. Results showed that dual, triple and quadruple inoculations stimulated overal second and third leaf area, leaf yield, macro- and micro-nutrient concenrations, chlorophyll and anthocyanin content, and antioxidant, oxidative, catalytic, hydrolytic and quality-related enzymes activity. Tea plant growth responses were dependent on the inoculant strain and formulations used, as well as on the parameters evaluated. In conclusion, bacterial seed inoculations especially with quadruple bacterial formulation determined to be most effective in tea growth can improve tea yield and productivity on sustainable basis. The ability to increase enzyme activity, which may be important in taste and aroma, leaf antioxidant, oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) and tea processing technology by using different combinations prepared with bacterial isolates will be able to a significant contribution to tea technology studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to measure the levels of airborne radon Rn and bioaerosols – culturable airborne bacteria (CAB) and culturable airborne fungi (CAF)—in South Korea's residential environments, considering living conditions such as the number of ventilations, number of windows, floors, temperature, and relative humidity.. The range of Rn levels was 0.43–7.439 pCi/L with a median of 0.70 pCi/L. The CAB levels were 239–488 colony-forming unit (CFU)/m3 with a median of 309 CFU/m3, and CAF levels were 174–366 CFU/m3 with a median of 233 CFU/m3. Thus, this study found that semi-basement residential indoor environments negatively affected Rn and bioaerosol levels, and living in such residences resulted in high health condition scores on the bad side. Given the correlation between airborne Rn and bioaerosol levels, further large-scale studies are needed to identify more reliable and representative of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, there are over 200 officially registered sulfur springs in Slovakia, most of which are cold hydrogen sulfide springs with a characteristic strong odor of rotten eggs. Their typical inhabitants are filamentous sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. The aim of this study was to identify the major bacterial populations inhabiting sulfur springs in Slovakia using a combination of non-cultivation and cultivation approaches. Non-cultivation analyses revealed high variability of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in Slovak springs. Sulfur mats were usually dominated by chemolithotrophic sulfur-oxidizers from the phylum Proteobacteria (more than 87%), followed by photoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizers of the phylum Chlorobi. The group of nonsulfur-oxidizers was composed of typical freshwater species and bacteria with genetic potential for sulfur oxidation. The low similarity in the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the sequenced DGGE bands indicates that about half of the sulfur-oxidizing bacteria identified represent new species/genera of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. In attempts to cultivate potential new species of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, a very low overlap was observed between non-cultivation and cultivation analyses, and a new species of the Thiofaba genus was cultivated. Our results expand knowledge on the diversity of sulfur bacteria in cold sulfur springs in Slovakia and indicate that the diversity of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria is significantly underestimated and that sulfur springs could be inhabited by unique bacterial populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of plant-growth-promotion rhizobacteria will play a vital role in phosphorus (P) fertilizers management because of the restricted P resources within the world. In this regard, a greenhouse experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) in different concentrations of P (12.5, 25, 37.5, 50 and 62.5 mg L−1) on growth, P uptake and quality characteristics of 'Lollo Rosso' lettuce in hydroponic condition. The results showed that the effect of B. subtilis on growth, biochemical attributes and P concentration in plant tissues was significant. So that, only the fresh weight of leaves in bacterial treatments increased by about 21% compared to the control. Without B. subtilis, P application enhanced multiple plant growth indices, P uptake and antioxidant compounds in 'Lollo Rosso' plants. The finding of this experiment also clearly indicated that in inoculated plants with a 25% reduction in P consumption in nutrient solution (37.5 mg L−1 treatment) quality characteristics of lettuce such as flavonoids and vitamin C contents and also root and shoot P concentrations were not significantly different from the 50 mg L−1. Our results recommend that the utilization of B. subtilis in hydroponic condition can improve growth, quality characteristics, and P uptake and ultimately decrease the use of P fertilizers, which can be an efficient tool for sustainable agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 150-day experiment was performed to investigate the stimulatory effect of a promising phytoremediation strategy consisting of Suaeda heteroptera (S. heteroptera), Nereis succinea (N. succinea), and oil-degrading bacteria for cleaning up total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) in spiked sediment. Inoculation with oil-degrading bacteria and/or N. succinea increased plant yield and TPH accumulation in S. heteroptera plants. The highest TPH dissipation (40.5%) was obtained in the combination treatment, i.e., S. heteroptera + oil-degrading bacteria + N. succinea, in which the sediment TPH concentration decreased from an initial value of 3955 to 2355 mg/kg in 150 days. BAF, BCF, and TF confirmed the role of N. succinea and oil-degrading bacteria in the amelioration and translocation of TPHs. In addition, TPH toxicity of S. heteroptera was alleviated by N. succinea and oil-degrading bacteria addition through the reduction of oxidative stress. Therefore, S. heteroptera could be used for cleaning up oil-contaminated sediment, particularly in the presence of oil-degrading bacteria + N. succinea. Field studies on oil-degrading bacteria + N. succinea may provide new insights on the rehabilitation and restoration of sediments contaminated by TPHs. Our study attempted to investigate the stimulatory effect of a promising phytoremediation strategy consisting of Suaeda heteroptera (S. heteroptera), Nereis succinea (N. succinea), and oil-degrading bacteria for cleaning up TPH in spiked sediment. Planting S. heteroptera can greatly increase sediment TPH removal, and its removal was enhanced greater after inoculation with oil-degrading bacteria and/or N. succinea. Moreover, the promising phytoremediation strategy developed in the current work can serve as an efficient, novel approach to removal TPH in sediment/soil. In our opinions, these findings provide insights into the assessment of their ecological risks in the environments that are of interest to broad readership of International Journal of Phytoremediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abundant plant species in arid industrial areas are mining phyto-resources for sustainable phyto-management. However, the association with their rhizosphere is still poorly known for phytoremediation purposes. This study aims to assess the heavy metals (HMs) and metalloids uptake of Lygeum spartum Loefl. ex L. growing in cement plant vicinity and screen associated culturome for potential phytoremediation use. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF), the translocation factor (TF), and the mobility ratio (MR) were studied along with four sites. Lipid peroxidation (MDA), free proline (Pro), Non-protein thiols (NPTs), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were tested for evaluating the plant antioxidative response. Bacteria and fungi associated with L. spartum Loefl. ex L. were identified by 16S rRNA and fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-ITS2) gene sequencing. Our results showed an efficient uptake of As, Pb, and Zn and enhanced GSH (0.34 ± 0.03) and NPTs (528.7 ± 14.4 nmol g−1 FW) concentrations in the highly polluted site. No significant variation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) was found. Among 29 bacterial isolates, potential bioremediation were Bacillus simplex and Bacillus atrophaeus. Thus, L. spartum Loefl. ex L. and its associated microbiota have the potential for phytoremediation applications. Novelty statement: This work has been set in line with the investigation of the integrative biology of Lygeum spartum Loefl ex L. and the screening of its associated microbiome for potential phytoremediation applications. This work is the first work conducted in a cement plant vicinity investigating the associated fungi and bacteria of L. spartum Loefl. ex L. and been part of a sectorial research project since 2011, for assessing the impact of industrial pollution and recognizing the accumulation potential of plant species for further phyto-management applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blood-borne bacteria disseminate in tissue through microvasculature or capillaries. Capillary size, presence of red blood cells (RBCs), and bacteria motility affect bacteria intracapillary transport, an important yet largely unexplored phenomenon. Computational description of the system comprising interactions between plasma, RBCs, and motile bacteria in 5–10 μ m diameter capillaries pose several challenges. The Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) was used to resolve the capillary, deformed RBCs, and bacteria. The challenge of disparate coupled time scales of flow and bacteria motion are reconciled by a temporal multiscale simulation method. Bacterium-wall and bacterium-RBC collisions were detected using a hierarchical contact- detection algorithm. Motile bacteria showed a net outward radial velocity of 2.8 µm/s compared to −0.5 µm/s inward for non-motile bacteria; thus, exhibiting a greater propensity to escape the bolus flow region between RBCs and marginate for potential extravasation, suggesting motility enhances extravasation of bacteria from capillaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Makran Sea and its coastal areas are one of the richest marine ecosystems in the world. The primary purpose of this research was to study Naphthalene-degrading bacteria in some coastal areas of Makran Sea. Four coastal areas of Makran Sea were selected and marine samples were taken from each. Naphthalene-degrading bacteria were enriched in ONR medium in the shaker incubator for seven days with Naphthalene as the sole carbon source. This process was carried out in two separate passages. Some screening analyses were conducted for the selection of the best Naphthalene-degrading strains such as growth assay (OD600 nm), Naphthalene-degradation (GC), cell surface hydrophobicity (BATH), and emulsion production (E24). The predominant strain in Naphthalene-degradation was identified by molecular method. The results of this study showed that the quantity of bacteria present in different regions of Makran Sea varies. An example of this was the highest quantity of Naphthalene-degrading bacteria which were observed in Jask Port, however, the level of heterotrophic bacteria was the highest in Konark Station in comparison to other areas. In this research 65 Naphthalene-degrading bacteria were isolated from collected marine samples. Screening analysis confirmed that 9 strains were more efficient in Naphthalene-degradation and these strains were selected for further study. The best Naphthalene degrader isolate in this study was HS-2 strain, which according to molecular identification results belongs to Shewanella alga. This strain was an emulsifier producer (E24: 88%), and had high cell surface hydrophobicity (BATH: 36%) and was able to degrade Naphthalene in 3000 ppm concentration (70.8%). The results of this research confirmed that Makran marine ecosystem has effective bacteria in the degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds (PAH). By using these bacteria in the field, it is possible to reduce aromatic pollution in these coastal areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of Soybean in Nigeria is still inadequate due to the menace of pests and diseases. The current study was conducted to screen the performance of nineteen newly developed soybean lines that were infected naturally with bacterial diseases, identify promising line(s) with high yield potential and resistance against the diseases. Symptoms of soybean foliar diseases were accessed from the 4-12 week after planting, the resistance level of selected lines was also determined and bacteria isolate were culture and identify through morphological and biochemical tests. Four Bacteria species (Pseudomonas syringae, Xanthomonas spp, Clavibacter michiganensis and Bacillus subtilis) were isolated and identified from disease soybean leaf in this study. Whereas based on the pathogenicity test only two were pathogenic and cause soybean foliar disease (P. syringae and X. spp). Identified soybean lines differed significantly [p ≤ 0.05] in disease incidence and severity for both diseases. TGx 1990-57F, TGx 1990-55F were moderately resistant to bacterial blight and bacterial pustules. The study confirms that bacteria blight and pustule were present in the study area. It is therefore, recommended that the lines identified as moderately resistant to both diseases may help in future studies and evaluation in local hotspots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The interaction between two-dimensional nanoflakes and bacteria in water-based physiological liquids is a hot topic that unveils new types of phenomena and is fundamental to bioscience applications. In this work, we extend Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek theory (DLVO theory) that describes the properties of nano-objects in solutions, to the case of two-dimensional nanoflakes interacting with bacteria cell membranes, both for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. We have studied the role of the bacterial shape, membrane potential, and two-dimensional nanomaterials nature showing the interplay of these parameters in determining whether the interactions are attractive or repulsive and whether electrostatic or van der Waals forces are dominant. We calculated the interaction distances at equilibrium for different bacterial species and hydrophobic nanomaterials such as M o S 2 in two environmentally friendly solvents, water and cyrene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The radioactive contamination has been reported frequently from agricultural lands and ground water. The main reason behind the radioactive pollution is unprotected mining of radioactive elements, unsafe discard of nuclear industrial waste, military applications, dumping of medically used radioisotopes, globally situated (>400) nuclear power plants and use of phosphate fertilizers in farming. Radionuclides are well known potent carcinogens that may cause the various types of cancers to human and animals due to the long exposure to radioactive contaminated sites. To get rid of from the radioactive pollution there is a need of practically successful and cost effective bioremediation technologies that should able to decontaminate the effected lands and water to benefit the mankind. Microbial and phytoremediation are well studied methods for decreasing or gradually eliminating the radioactive contaminants. In this review, we discussed the different strategies of microbial and phytoremediation of radionuclides and recent advancements, that can play the major role in bioremediation of soil and water. Different remediation technologies based on physical (precipitation, extraction and membrane separation technologies) and chemical (chemical extraction and leaching, hydrolysis, etc.) methods to remediate the radioactive compounds from soils and water are being developed and evaluated. Most of these technologies are cost intensive and only applicable to little contaminated sites. On the other hand phytoremediation and microbial bioremediation are scientifically proven for applying at large scale and economical. Phytoremediation is one of the bioengineering treatments in which terrestrial and aquatic plants have been successfully used for cleaning the radioactive pollutants from diverse environments. Present review article is a updating the recent developments came in the different bioremediation methods. Moreover aim of this manuscript is also emerging the research gaps and identified the future research frontiers to unlock the complexity of phyto and microbial remediation advancements. Although several plants and numerous bacteria and fungi have been identified as the potential radioactive accumulator but their complete mechanism of bioremediation is still unknown. Present article will help the researchers to understand the process of bioremediation of radionuclides in more depths and will aware about the requirements of the coming future. Phyto and microbial bioremediation of radioactive elements, possibilities and challenges. Causes of radioactive contamination in soil and water. Nanophytoremediation is an advanced technology of phytoremediation. Drawbacks of phytoremediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel ecological antimicrobial approaches to dental caries focus on inhibiting cariogenic pathogens while enhancing the growth of health-associated commensal communities or suppressing cariogenic virulence without affecting the diversity of oral microbiota, which emphasize the crucial role of establishing a healthy microbiome in caries prevention. Considering that the acidified cariogenic microenvironment leads to the dysbiosis of microecology and demineralization of enamel, exploiting the acidic pH as a bioresponsive trigger to help materials and medications target cariogenic pathogens is a promising strategy to develop novel anticaries approaches. In this study, a pH-responsive antimicrobial peptide, LH12, was designed utilizing the pH-sensitivity of histidine, which showed higher cationicity and stronger interactions with bacterial cytomembranes at acidic pH. Streptococcus mutans was used as the in vitro caries model to evaluate the inhibitory effects of LH12 on the cariogenic properties, such as biofilm formation, biofilm morphology, acidurance, acidogenicity, and exopolysaccharides synthesis. The dual-species model of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus gordonii was established in vitro to evaluate the regulation effects of LH12 on the mixed species microbial community containing both cariogenic bacteria and commensal bacteria. LH12 suppressed the cariogenic properties and regulated the bacterial composition to a healthier condition through a dual-functional mechanism. Firstly, LH12-targeted cariogenic pathogens in response to the acidified microenvironment and suppressed the cariogenic virulence by inhibiting the expression of multiple virulence genes and two-component signal transduction systems. Additionally, LH12 elevated H2O2 production of the commensal bacteria and subsequently improved the ecological competitiveness of the commensals. The dual-functional mechanism made LH12 a potential bioresponsive approach to caries management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aims of this study were to select heat-killed lactic acid bacteria (HKL) with antibiotic activity and investigate the efficacy of this bacteria in maintaining periodontal parameters in healthy participants. Materials and methods: An in vitro evaluation was conducted to assess the inhibitory efficacy of lactic acid bacteria against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum. The effects of HKL administration on various parameters (plaque control record, bleeding on probing, and probing pocket depth) were assessed in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Participants in the test and placebo groups (n = 32) consumed oral tablets containing placebo or HKL daily for 8 weeks. Oral bacteria in supraplaque and saliva were identified using 16S rRNA gene community profiling analysis. Results: Heat-killed Ligilactobacillus salivarius CP3365 significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the viability of oral bacteria and was selected for clinical trials. Administration of HKL CP3365 significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited increases in each parameter. No changes in the relative abundance of P. gingivalis or F. nucleatum subsp. nucleatum were detected by HKL CP3365, but the relative abundance of oral bacteria (genera Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, and Haemophilus) was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased. Conclusion: HKL CP3365 effectively inhibited oral bacteria growth and was useful for maintaining periodontal health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decades of ongoing research has established that oral microbial communities play a role in oral diseases such as periodontitis and caries. Yet the detection of oral bacteria and the profiling of oral polymicrobial communities currently rely on methods that are costly, slow, and technically complex, such as qPCR or next-generation sequencing. For the widescale screening of oral microorganisms suitable for point-of-care settings, there exists the need for a low-cost, rapid detection technique. Here, we tailored the novel CRISPR-Cas-based assay SHERLOCK for the species-specific detection of oral bacteria. We developed a computational pipeline capable of generating constructs suitable for SHERLOCK and experimentally validated the detection of seven oral bacteria. We achieved detection within the single-molecule range that remained specific in the presence of off-target DNA found within saliva. Further, we adapted the assay for detecting target sequences directly from unprocessed saliva samples. The results of our detection, when tested on 30 healthy human saliva samples, fully aligned with 16S rRNA sequencing. Looking forward, this method of detecting oral bacteria is highly scalable and can be easily optimized for implementation at point-of-care settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green maize and sweet sorghum are important non-legumes crops, mainly to smallholder farmers. These crops can be inoculated with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) that could contribute to increasing the crop yield. This study assessed, in a 2-year experiment under field conditions, the inoculation of selected PGPB to green maize and sweet sorghum. The experiments consisted of seven treatments, being six PGPB (IPACC07, IPACC10, IPACC26, IPACC29, IPACC38, IPACC55) and one non-inoculated treatment as control. These treatments were associated with or without supplementary N fertilization (50% of N required by plants). An additional treatment with total N fertilization required by plants was included. Higher production of biomass in green maize and sweet sorghum was found by inoculation with IPACC38 and IPACC55. Inoculation with IPACC29, associated with supplementary N fertilization, promoted a higher production of total and marketable cobs. The values of Brix and sugars were higher with the inoculation with IPACC10 and IPACC38. This study showed a couple of PGPB to be indicated to each crop species (IPACC55 and IPACC29 to green maize; IPACC10 and IPACC38 to sweet sorghum), which suggest the use of double inoculation with these PGPB to each crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disinfection process with UV-C The disinfection of samples by UV-C lamp was managed in a cabinet in which UV-C lamp of 15 watt was settled for the UV irradiation. B I Addition to the evaluation of the disinfection efficiencies the SEM images of cotton fabrics after disinfection processes were viewed as well. i b Results and discussion The disinfection efficiency of the samples was examined by measuring the bacteria reduction in comparison with the blank processes. Later, bacterially contaminated cotton samples were subjected to disinfection at different durations with ozone and UV-C. As a result of these disinfection procedures, it has been observed that, especially by using ozone gas, very high levels of disinfection effects can be obtained against the tested bacteria species even in very short periods of ozonation. Keywords: Ozone; UV-C; disinfection; cotton; bacteria; ; ; ; EN Ozone UV-C disinfection cotton bacteria ZH 7339 7347 9 11/21/22 20221220 NES 221220 Introduction Cellulose is one of the most plentiful biopolymers and constitutes basis of many industrial products (Li, Zhang, and Wang [12]). [Extracted from the article]

To investigate the effect of submerged macrophytes on heterotrophic bacterioplankton communities in response to nutrient enrichment, we simulated mesocosms to test two factors, namely, the presence of Ceratophyllum demersum (L.) and the level of nutrients (slight and medium nutrient enrichment) under four possible system combinations for a duration of more than 3 months. The results show that C. demersum can affect the temporal dynamics of heterotrophic bacterioplankton density (HBD) and cause it to decrease. However, the effect of C. demersum on HBD was more pronounced under medium nutrient enrichment. The mean values of HBD in the treatment and control systems under slight nutrient enrichment were 1.30 × 105 cells mL−1 and 1.34 × 105 cells mL−1, respectively; whereas for medium nutrient enrichment, they were 1.78 × 105 cells mL−1 and 2.65 × 105 cells mL−1, respectively. The total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations were maintained throughout the experiment, and no significant differences were observed in the pH value, chlorophyll a (Chl. a) concentrations or dissolved organic carbon (DOC) levels between the systems with and without macrophytes, regardless of the nutrient level. Furthermore, linear mixed models revealed that environmental variables had a limited impact on HBD and that C. demersum had no significant direct effect on the environmental variables in the systems. A likely explanation is higher predation on bacterioplankton in the mesocosms, although allelopathic effects exerted by C. demersum cannot be excluded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review (SR) aimed to gather studies describing the antibacterial action mechanisms and mode of trypsin inhibitors. The review protocol was registered (PROSPERO: CRD42020189069). Original articles resulting from studies in animal models, in bacterial culture, and using cells that describe antibacterial action of trypsin inhibitor-type peptides or proteins were selected in PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, BVS, and EMBASE. The methodological quality assessment was performed using the PRISMA and OHAT tool. 2382 articles were retrieved, 17 of which were eligible. Four studies demonstrated the action mechanism directly on the bacterial membrane, and the fifth study on endogenous proteases extracted from the bacteria themselves. The antibacterial action mode was presented in the other studies, which can generate bacteriostatic or bactericidal effects without describing the mechanisms. This study generated information to enable new preclinical or clinical studies with molecules contributing to public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used in biomedicine applications. Other drugs combined with the AgNPs can improve efficacy in the treatment of diseases, and most such studies have focused on antibiotics. We determined the synergistic effects of Phyllanthus emblica-derived AgNPs in combination with Vatica diospyroides cotyledon extracts (VCE) against bacteria using agar well diffusion, broth microdilution, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Synergy of AgNPs and VCE was confirmed with the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI). To evaluate patterns of bacterial death, flow cytometry and electron microscopy were used. We found that the effective incubation time of AgNPs against bacteria was highly variable. Increasing AgNPs in the combination influenced antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. The MIC values interpreted through FICI showed synergy against S. aureus and indifference against B. subtilis. Flow cytometric profiles confirmed that the fraction of S. aureus that respond to a combination of VCE with AgNPs increased in dose-dependent manner. The response patterns of bacteria proceeded simultaneously as the cells lost intracellular components and suffered membrane damage. Synergy of AgNPs with a plant extract has become a promising approach, as green AgNPs and plant extracts are biocompatible and cost-effective resources that can utilized for the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]