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Negative longitudinal magnetoresistivity (nLMR) induced by the chiral anomaly together with the weak antilocalization (WAL) due to the quantum interference can be regarded as remarkable magnetotransport signatures for three-dimension (3D) topological semimetals. Here, we report the observation of high-temperature competition between the chiral anomaly and WAL by magnetotransport measurements on high-quality Cd 3 As 2 nanoplates under parallel electromagnetic fields. We find that, the WAL dominates the magnetotransport in the weak magnetic fields, which decreases gradually and ultimately vanishes at a critical temperature T c. In contrast, the chiral anomaly is robust against temperature and can survive up to room temperature. This competition between the chiral anomaly and WAL can be understood in terms of Berry phase, accompanying with the low carrier density in Cd 3 As 2 nanoplates. Our work would offer a better understanding of magnetotransport properties governed by Berry phase and the nature of electronic states in topological semimetals. In this work, we systematically investigated the magnetotransport properties of high-quality Cd 3 As 2 nanoplates with low carrier densities. In configuration of the parallel electromagnetic fields, we observed a large positive longitudinal magnetoconductivity (LMR) induced by WAL in zero-magnetic field limits that overwhelms nLMR induced by chiral anomaly at low temperature regions. With the increase of temperatures, the WAL is suppressed and finally vanishes at a critical temperature T c. In contrast, the chiral anomaly can survive in the high temperature regions. Furthermore, the LMR exhibiting a strong competition between chiral anomaly and WAL that can be well fitted by a semiclassically parallel conductivity formula. By careful analysis, this high temperature competition is related to the low carrier density in our Cd 3 As 2 nanoplates. [Display omitted] • In the presence of parallel electromagnetic fields, a large WAL due to the quantum interference overwhelms the chiral anomaly in zero fields limit at low temperatures. • The WAL decreases gradually with increasing the temperature and finally vanishes at T c. • In contrast, the chiral anomaly is robust against temperature and dominates the magnetotransport at high temperatures. • Both chiral anomaly and WAL can be well understood by the picture of Berry phase. • Our finding provides a better understanding of the impact of Berry phase on magnetotransport as well as the electronic structure of topological semimetals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Mg incorporated into zeolite Beta framework by two-step postsynthesis procedure. • Rh3+/[MgO 4 ]2- electrostatic interactions stabilize single Rh atoms. • Catalytic efficiency of Rh/Mg-Beta due to low atomic coordination and basicity. • High selectivity in phenol hydrogenation to cyclohexanone at mild conditions. Nanoparticles are of interest in heterogeneous catalysis because of their excellent activity associated with atoms in a low coordination environment. However, their high reactivity becomes a drawback where selectivity is desired, compounded by their propensity towards agglomeration. Here, we show that stable subnanometric Rh particles can be prepared in a Mg-doped zeolite Beta based on the electrostatic interaction of the negatively charged zeolitic framework and the Rh3+ precursor. The Mg ions are incorporated into the zeolite framework whereas the Rh is located in the channels adjacent to the Mg. With only 0.27 and 0.5 wt% Mg and Rh, respectively, the Rh/Mg-Beta catalysts were highly active with > 94 % selectivity for the hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone, an important intermediate for the production of Nylon. Key to the selectivity is the formation of the C=O double bond early in the reaction sequence, aided by the basicity of the Mg-Beta support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Rapid crystallization of Zr-Beta with high Zr content possible with MCLA protocol. • Zr-Beta formed with high crystallinity and hydrophobicity. • High Zr loadings useful in MPV reduction of sterically hindered ketones and diones. • MCLA-synthesized Zr-Beta is less susceptible to poisoning by water adsorption. Heteroatom-incorporated zeolite catalysts are critical for biomass utilization and feedstock valorization in green chemistry. Key features are adjustable acidity, high stability, and a tailored range of functionalities. However, an environmentally benign synthesis of zeolites with good crystallinity and especially with high levels of metal substitution into the lattice remains challenging. Here, we propose a mechanochemistry-based liquid-assisted method (MCLA) for Zr-incorporated Beta zeolites that is high yielding, facile and sustainable. Compared with the fluoride-mediated hydrothermal method, crystallization times were considerably shortened so that Si-Beta and Zr-Beta (Si/Zr 100) zeolites can be synthesized within 9 and 15 h, respectively. Using the MCLA route, Beta zeolites with Zr loading up to 10.4 wt% (Si/Zr 12.5) were obtained. The materials have excellent catalytic activity for Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reductions with much higher water tolerance compared to Zr-Beta prepared by the post-synthesis method. The hydrophobic nature of the MCLA-synthesized zeolites makes them particularly useful as catalysts for organic reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimized fertilization is an effective strategy for improving nitrogen (N) use efficiency and maintaining high crop yield, but its long-term impacts on soil organic carbon (C) and inorganic N dynamics remain unclear. The objectives of this study were to 1) explore the economic optimum N rate and evaluate the DSSAT CERES-Maize model using the measurements from three 3-year maize (Zea mays L.) field experiments, in Gongzhuling and Yushu County, Northeast China, and 2) assess the long-term impacts of farmers' N rate (N250), optimum N rate (N180) and organic-inorganic combined N rate (MN180) on maize yields, soil N and C changes from 1985 to 2020. Results showed that similar maize yields of 8000–11,000 kg ha−1 were achieved under the average economic optimum N rate of 170 kg N ha−1 relative to N250 in both counties. Good agreements were observed between the simulated and measured maize yield, above-ground biomass, N uptake and soil nitrate (NO 3 −-N). Long-term simulation confirmed that N180 and MN180 can achieve the same yield as N250 in both counties. The lowest annual soil inorganic N balance, NO 3 −-N leaching, and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and ammonia (NH 3) emissions were achieved under MN180, followed by N180 in both sites. Higher NO 3 −-N leaching was found in sandy clay loam soil than silt clay loam and clay loam soils. Average soil organic C (SOC, 0–0.2 m) increased from 1.3 to 2.4% in Gongzhuling and from 2.2 to 2.4% in Yushu under MN180 during the 35-year period, but it showed declining trends under N180 and N250. We concluded that the economic optimum N rate could be an option to replace current farmers' N rate for the continuous maize. Substitution of inorganic fertilizer by 20–30% manure under the optimum N rate showed advantage on maintaining high yield, reducing soil inorganic N losses as well as increasing SOC stock for sustainable agriculture. • Economic optimum N rate saved 23–76 kg N ha−1 compared with the maximum N rate. • DSSAT well simulated maize growth and soil N dynamics under multiple sites. • Soil N balance and SOC were simulated under long-term fertilization scenarios. • Substitution with 20–30% manure under optimum N rate maintained maize yields with high SOC and low N losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The generated lattice strain induces the charge redistribution at the interface between BP and NiO, which leads to the improved electron transfer efficiency and favorable H* adsorption kinetics for photocatalytic H 2 evolution reaction. [Display omitted] • A novel multilayered heterostructure coupling BP nanosheets and NiO nanosheets with abundant interface P-Ni and P O bonds is prepared. • Due to the lattice mismatch between BP and NiO, the strain effect was introduced. • BP-NiO heterostructure with strain effect exhibits much enhanced photocatalytic H 2 evolution activity in the presence of Eosin Y. • The lattice strain induces the charge redistribution at the interface between BP and NiO, leading to the improved electron transfer efficiency and favorable H* adsorption kinetics. As an emerging post-graphene two-dimensional material, black phosphorus (BP) has attracted enormous interest as a promising cocatalyst for photocatalytic hydrogen (H 2) evolution, however, the activity of either pristine bulk or BP nanosheets is far from satisfactory. Herein, we present an effective strategy to greatly boost the H 2 evolution performance of BP via applying the synergistic effect of heterojunction and interfacial lattice strain. A multilayered heterostructure coupling BP nanosheets and nickel oxide (NiO) nanosheets with abundant interface P-Ni and P O bonds is synthesized and utilized as a proof-of-concept material for our design. Both the experimental and theoretical results have revealed that the strain is formed in BP-NiO multilayered heterostructure. The generated lattice strain induces the charge redistribution at the interface between BP and NiO, which leads to the improved electron transfer efficiency and favorable H* adsorption kinetics for photocatalytic H 2 evolution reaction. As a result, the BP-NiO heterostructure with strain effect exhibits much enhanced photocatalytic H 2 evolution activity in the presence of Eosin Y (EY) as photosensitizer, exceeding that of zero-strained BP/NiO heterostructure and many other reported noble-metal-free cocatalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate how microwave vacuum drying (MVD) affects the drying kinetics, quality profiles, and microstructure of pork chip snacks (PCS). Fresh pork longissimus lumborum was sliced and dried under different power densities (4, 6, and 8 W/g) in a microwave vacuum oven. Five classical thin-layer drying models were used to evaluate the nonlinear fitting of the experimental data. The results indicated that the Midilli et al. model was the optimal model for describing the drying kinetics of PCS. Moreover, as the temperature increased during MVD, the surface of PCS gradually browned. Meanwhile, temperatures of 130.2 °C and 139.9 °C were critical for preventing severe browning and scorching of PCS. Furthermore, power densities induced accelerated drying of PCS, which led to microstructural damage and the formation of a porous structure. However, higher power density led to more pronounced drying non-uniformity of PCS, as well as severe lipid oxidation (P < 0.05), which notably altered the flavor of PCS. In summary, employing 4 W/g for 22 min in MVD emerged as the optimal parameter for PCS preparation. This study provides a novel strategy for the application of MVD in the processing of meat snacks. • Power density affects the drying time and quality profiles of pork chip snacks (PCS). • Midilli et al. model is the most suitable for describing the drying kinetics of PCS. • Brittleness and color-related properties are related to moisture diffusion. • PCS obtained by MVD at 4 W/g for 22 min exhibited high quality attributes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Co–TCPP was covalently anchored on TiO 2 surface. • Co–TCPP–TiO 2 photoproduced 13CO at a rate of 17 μmol h−1 g cat −1 from 13CO 2 and H 2. • 13CO formation rate using Co–TCPP–TiO 2 decreased to 12 % after 9 h of photoreaction. • Deactivated Co–TCPP–TiO 2 was reactivated under ethanol and UV–visible light. • Reactivated Co–TCPP–TiO 2 photoproducted 13CO at a rate of 63 μmol h−1 g cat −1. Porphyrin and its derivatives have been often used for electrochemical and photocatalysis combined with first-row transition metals for sustainable applications. Cobalt–tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (Co–TCPP) was covalently anchored onto TiO 2. Under CO 2 , H 2 , and UV–visible light irradiation, Co–TCPP anchored on TiO 2 produced CO at a rate of 2.5 μmol h−1 (using 100 mg of catalyst and UV–visible light of 118 mW cm−2) when the Co–TCPP content was 2.5 wt %; however, the CO formation rate dropped to 0.3 μmol h−1 (using 100 mg of catalyst and the same intensity of light). The photoactivity drop to 12 % was solved by removing the hydroxy ligands coordinated to the central Co ions through ethanol treatment for 5 min of the Co–TCPP–TiO 2 photocatalysts. This resulted in an increased CO photoformation rate to 7.3 μmol h−1 (using 100 mg of catalyst and the same intensity of light) because the dispersion of the J- and/or H-aggregates to the isolated Co–TCPP unit proceeded more with ethanol treatment and under UV–visible light. Conversely, to use ethanol as reductant was not effective because it reduced and deactivated Co–TCPP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A Co 3 O 4 -Bi 2 O 3 -Ti catalytic membrane was facilely fabricated. • The membrane efficiently activated PMS to degrade organic pollutants continuously. • Reactive oxidative species and non-radical electron transfer were involved. • The catalytic membrane showed excellent reusability. In this study, a functionalized Co 3 O 4 -Bi 2 O 3 -Ti catalytic membrane (CBO-Ti-M) was prepared and applied for removing organic pollutants via activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) in the dead-end filtration mode. Characterizations including scanning electron microcopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that the Co 3 O 4 -Bi 2 O 3 catalyst was successfully supported on the Ti membrane. The CBO-Ti-M /PMS system could efficiently remove various organic pollutants such as sulfamethoxazole, methyl orange, bisphenol A and methylene blue, achieving removal efficiencies of 98.0%-99.5%. The effects of PMS concentration, flow rate and solution environment on degradation efficiency were investigated in detail. Furthermore, quenching experiments, electron spin resonance (ESR) and in-situ open circuit potential (OCP) tests collectively demonstrated that singlet oxygen as well as the non-radical electron transfer pathway mainly contributed in the reaction mechanism. The synergistic effect of Co and Bi was illustrated according to XPS results, and the possible degradation pathway of MB was proposed based on LC-MS analysis. Reusability test showed that pollutant removal efficiency with the CBO-Ti-M /PMS system remained stable in four runs and limited metal leaching was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The molecular interactions and mechanisms between four ethyl esters (ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl hexanoate, and ethyl octanoate) and myofibrillar proteins (MPs) were investigated. The gas chromatography and mass spectrometry results showed that binding capability was significantly enhanced as MP concentrations increased (p < 0.05). The four esters bound to MPs (6 mg/mL) with: ethyl octanoate > ethyl hexanoate > ethyl butanoate > ethyl acetate (p < 0.05), according to their binding capabilities. Moreover, hydrogen bonding was the dominant reversible physicochemical force between the MPs and ethyl esters. In addition, ethyl octanoate was the best MP fluorescence quenchera, and the static quenching performed a more predominant role in the fluorescence quenching process. Furthermore, the MPs' α-helix content gradually decreased as the concentration of ethyl octanoate was increased. Finally, the molecular docking and dynamic simulation verified that hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces were the primary driving forces in the myosin-ethyl octanoate complex. This study sheds light on the interactions between proteins and ester compounds facilitating flavor regulation in protein-rich foods. • Myofibrillar protein (MP) concentrations affected MPs-ester binding capabilities. • Ester characteristics affected MPs-ester binding capabilities. • MPs-ethyl octanoate binding resulted in static fluorescence quenching. • Conformation of MPs was changed by interactions with ethyl octanoate. • Hydrogen bonding and Van der Waals forces were the main reversible interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addition of different (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) (0, 100, 200, 500 or 1000 mg/L emulsion) on the interfacial composition and protein-lipid co-oxidation of whey protein isolate (WPI)-stabilised oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions were studied, and underlying mechanisms were also explored. The results indicated that the physical stability of emulsions gradually decreased with the increasing level of EGCG during storage, which clearly verified by decreasing ζ-potential absolute values and increasing droplet size. Moreover, the combination between WPI and EGCG by covalent/non-covalent binding for either adsorbed proteins (AP) or unadsorbed proteins (UAP) led to aggregation and conformational changes in WPI, which confirmed and characterised by electrophoresis, fluorescence quenching, and molecular docking simulation. Meanwhile, the concentration of AP slightly decreased as a function of EGCG level and storage time, however, the UAP showed the opposite change tendency, indicating that EGCG could effectively modulate the interfacial adsorption property of WPI in O/W emulsions. In addition, the incorporation of EGCG efficiently suppressed protein-lipid co-oxidation of O/W emulsions during storage, which was illustrated by hierarchical cluster and correlation analysis between protein and lipid oxidation products. Our results clearly revealed the viability of the EGCG to modulate the interfacial composition and retard the co-oxidation of O/W emulsions with enhanced storability. • Higher levels of EGCG decreased the physical stability of O/W emulsions. • EGCG can alter the structure and molecular mass of whey protein isolate (WPI). • EGCG can bind to WPI mainly via hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. • EGCG could modulate the interfacial adsorption properties of WPI in O/W emulsions. • Incorporation of EGCG suppressed the protein-lipid co-oxidation of O/W emulsions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maintaining ecosystem services (ESs) and reducing ecosystem degradation are important goals for achieving sustainable development. However, under the influence of various anthropogenic factors, the total ecosystem service value (ESV) of China continues to decline, and the detailed processes involved in this decline are unclear. In this paper, a new long-term annual land cover dataset (the Climate Change Initiative Land Cover or CCI-LC dataset) with a spatial resolution of 300 m was employed to estimate the ESV of China, and Bayesian spatiotemporal hierarchy models were built to examine the detailed patterns and anthropogenic driving factors. From 1992 to 2018, the total ESV of China fluctuated and decreased from 3265.3 to 3253.29 billion US$ at an average rate of 0.55 billion US$ per year. Furthermore, the model revealed the spatiotemporal variations in the ESV pattern, and simultaneously detected the influences of 9 variables related to economic factors, population, infrastructure, energy, agriculture and ecological restoration, providing a convenient and effective method for ESV spatiotemporal analysis. The results enrich our understanding of the detailed spatiotemporal variation and anthropogenic driving factors underlying the declining ESV in China. These findings have substantial guiding implications for adjusting ecological regulation policies. • The annual ESVs of China from 1992 to 2018 was estimated. • China's total ESV showed a trend of decline and fluctuation. • The Bayesian spatiotemporal hierarchy model was constructed for ESV analysis. • The hot and cold provinces of ESV spatial distribution were identified. • The effects of 9 variables from anthropogenic driving factors on ESV were examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional dry sausage is highly appreciated in China because of its unique quality characteristics, but it contains high salt content. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) comprising Lactobacillus sakei (LS), Lactobacillus curvatus (LC), Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), and Weissella hellenica (WH) on the quality attributes of the reduced-salt dry fermented sausages. The results indicated that the LP sausage showed higher (P < 0.05) shear force value compared to the other sausages, while the LP, LC, and WH sausages had higher (P < 0.05) lightness values than the control sausages. Seventy-six volatile compounds were detected, and nine compounds were identified as the key differential volatile compounds among the sausages based on partial least squares discriminant analysis. Clustering analysis of electronic nose results corresponded well to the volatile compound results. The sensory evaluation confirmed that the inoculation with LC and LP had a positive impact on the aroma, color, and hardness attributes of the reduced-salt sausages. Besides, partial least squares regression analysis further indicated that L. curvatus and L. plantarum could be used as the potential starter cultures to manufacture reduced-salt dry fermented sausage having improved texture, color, and flavor. [Display omitted] • The LP sausage shows higher shear force value compared to the other sausages. • The LP, LC, and WH sausages have higher lightness values than the control sausages. • Seventy-six volatile compounds are detected in dry fermented sausage. • Sensory attributes correlate with the key volatile compounds using PLSR analysis. • L. curvatus and L. plantarum can improve the quality of reduced-salt dry sausage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maintaining ecosystem services (ESs) and reducing ecosystem degradation are important goals for achieving sustainable development. However, under the influence of various anthropogenic factors, the total ecosystem service value (ESV) of China continues to decline, and the detailed processes involved in this decline are unclear. In this paper, a new long-term annual land cover dataset (the Climate Change Initiative Land Cover or CCI-LC dataset) with a spatial resolution of 300 m was employed to estimate the ESV of China, and Bayesian spatiotemporal hierarchy models were built to examine the detailed patterns and anthropogenic driving factors. From 1992 to 2018, the total ESV of China fluctuated and decreased from 3265.3 to 3253.29 billion US$ at an average rate of 0.55 billion US$ per year. Furthermore, the model revealed the spatiotemporal variations in the ESV pattern, and simultaneously detected the influences of 9 variables related to economic factors, population, infrastructure, energy, agriculture and ecological restoration, providing a convenient and effective method for ESV spatiotemporal analysis. The results enrich our understanding of the detailed spatiotemporal variation and anthropogenic driving factors underlying the declining ESV in China. These findings have substantial guiding implications for adjusting ecological regulation policies. • The annual ESVs of China from 1992 to 2018 was estimated. • China's total ESV showed a trend of decline and fluctuation. • The Bayesian spatiotemporal hierarchy model was constructed for ESV analysis. • The hot and cold provinces of ESV spatial distribution were identified. • The effects of 9 variables from anthropogenic driving factors on ESV were examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]