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With the advent of social media, conspiracy theories became integrated into salient political debates, yet the scope of their implications on citizens' political behavior remains unclear. Using an online experiment among US subjects, we show that conspiracy theories decrease voters' trust in political institutions, such as mainstream parties and courts, as well as information providers. Subjects were exposed to conspiracy theories that are completely unrelated to American domestic politics, which further underscores the danger of such narratives. Results, however, suggest that voters do not weigh unrelated conspiracies in their evaluation of politicians' performance. Overall, our findings illustrate that an informational environment permeated by conspiracy theories could impede the functioning of democracy by eroding trust in its institutions, but that voters' capacity to keep politicians accountable is resilient to unrelated information.

OBJECTIVES: America’s overdose crisis spurred rapid expansion in the number and scope of prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs). As their public health impact remains contested, little is known about PDMP user experiences and perspectives. We explore perspectives of PDMP end-users in Massachusetts. METHODS: Between 2016–2017, we conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews on overdose crisis dynamics and PDMP experiences with a purposive sample of 18 stakeholders (prescribers, pharmacists, law enforcement, and public health regulators). Recordings were transcribed and double-coded using a grounded hermeneutic approach. RESULTS: Perspectives on prescription monitoring as an element of overdose crisis response differed across sectors, but narratives often critiqued PDMPs as poorly conceived to serve end-user needs. Respondents indicated that PDMP: 1) lacked clear orientation towards health promotion; 2) was not optimally configured or designed as a decision support tool, resulting in confusion over interpreting data to guide health care or law enforcement actions; and, 3) problematized communication and relationships between prescribers, pharmacists, and patients. CONCLUSION: User insights must inform design, programmatic, and policy reform to maximize PDMP benefits while minimizing harm. Their collateral impact may be compounded by COVID-19.

Objectives A qualitative study was performed to characterize experiences of women going through menopause, as well as to identify barriers and facilitators for participating in a lifestyle program targeting weight management during menopause. Study Design Perimenopausal and postmenopausal Black women with a self-reported desire to lose or maintain weight during menopause participated in a total of six focus groups. Main Outcome Measures Women were asked about their past experiences with diet, exercise, and weight management; their menopause experiences; as well as specific components and considerations for developing a lifestyle program for weight management. Thematic analysis was conducted on coded transcripts and four main themes emerged, each containing three to seven subthemes. Results Twenty-seven Black women (age 54±4 years, BMI 35.1 ± 9.0 kg/m2) were enrolled. Overall, women felt unprepared for the changes they experienced during menopause and had difficulty maintaining or losing weight. While women were receptive to trying different diets and exercises, they wanted a diet that was flexible with their lifestyle and exercises that considered their existing health status. Women were also interested in learning about menopause alongside other women, stating that medical professionals did not provide them with adequate information or help. Social support, accountability, and seeing results were perceived critical to achieve long-lasting behavioral change. Conclusions Women were interested in receiving menopause information and improving their overall health as part of a lifestyle program during menopause. Associating with other women affected by menopause will allow for the creation of more sustainable lifestyle programs during menopause. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04487782.

This paper analyses the networks, experiences and aspirations of Nepalese workers in Southern Portugal's farms and greenhouses. The main research objective is to analyse how recruitment networks, which supported the move of Nepalese to Portugal, were established and have rapidly consolidated. These networks impacted not only the increase of irregular migration flows but also the migration experience and vulnerability in the country of destination, including the passive acceptance of a certain degree of exploitation. By highlighting the perspective of the migrants themselves, we examine the impact on their lives, both of the migration experience and of paying large sums to smugglers, usually obtained through indebtment, to enter Portugal. We relate this impact to a context of immigration where the existence of a large informal labour market facilitates these workers being hired as irregular migrants. The study employed secondary data, in-depth interviews and participant observation. As well as migrants, greenhouse owners and recruiters were also interviewed for the study. The main finding is that the disposition of Nepalese to migrate, in which the pressure of the family plays a key role, tends to be reinforced by the action of the networks of recruiting agents. Secondly, the costs of migration and labour exploitation tend to be accepted by the migrants as a way to fulfil their social aspirations and economic necessities. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

In the framing chapter of Slaughterhouse-Five, Kurt Vonnegut recounts what he learned in his Anthropology course at the University of Chicago—that people are essentially the same and that nobody is...

Ferdinand II king of Aragon (1479–1516). He was the fourth king of the Trastámara dynasty, which had first come to power after the Compromise of Caspe, reached after Martin I died with no living descendants in 1410. Although in terms of artistic patronage Ferdinand II was not as active as his wife Elisabeth I, he was still aware that the wise use of artistic commissions in reinforcing ideas and concepts favourable to the institution of the monarchy. He is a highly important figure in the history of Spain because, along with Elisabeth, he was one of the Catholic Monarchs and thus represents a new conception of power based on their joint governance, a fact that is reflected in the iconography found in his artistic commissions across all genres. All of the images are evidence of how King Ferdinand, at the end of the Middle Ages, wanted to be recognised by his subjects, who also used his image for legitimising and propagandistic purposes. Nobody else in the history of the Hispanic kingdoms had their image represented so many times and on such diverse occasions as did the Catholic Monarchs.

Cybercrime and cybersecurity are like two sides of the same coin: They are opposites but cannot exist without each other. Their mutual relation generates a myriad of ethical issues, ranging from minor to vital. The rapid development of technology will surely involve even more ethical concerns, like the infamous example of a fitness tracking company allegedly paying $10 million worth of ransom. Every cybersecurity solution, tool, or practice has to be ethical by design if it is to protect people and their rights. To identify the ethical issues that cybersecurity/cybercrime might bring about in the future, we conducted the first broad and comprehensive horizon-scanning study since the COVID-19 pandemic arose. As we began this project, nobody had the slightest idea that the coming months would bring the COVID-19 pandemic, and that the reality we had known was about to change dramatically. As it soon became apparent, the deadly coronavirus brought completely new cybersecurity/cybercrime ethical dilemmas to light, and some of the ones known before were transformed or shifted. This article presents the results of our horizon-scanning study concerning the ethical dilemmas that emerged amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

The current socio-historical situation is characterized by the fact that nobody doubts the World. What does this mean? Through a simultaneous process of mundialization and globalization the World has become a social imaginary shared by the biggest part of humanity. This has been possible by what is called in this article mondanic closing, the phenomenon through which the world has become its own subject. This is the result of a longue duree process which began in the intermediate period between the Renaissance and the Enlightenment. During this period it was plausible and desirable for some people to get access to the entire planet to fulfil personal and political goals, leading to an increase in the movement of people, objects and ideas. This process of expansion gave rise to the mondanic closing. In the context of this analysis, closing is understood as the tendency though which each society or social field explains itself departing from its own social imaginaries as an extra-social force; in other worlds, closing is the fact of social auto-reference and society’s tendency to explain itself as the result or cause of an extra-social force. The mondanic closing is composed of two moments: first, the moment of the world as subject-object-container, through this contradictory, complementary and superimposed understanding of the world, it is simultaneously the object of a rationality of control, and it is the subject of its own becoming; second, the moment of the becoming of victim-victimizer-of-itself, the world’s logic of expansion makes possible the idea of an interdependent and unitary world, but at the same time this world is fragile through its own means of expansion which involves an economy of exploitation and the development of a never-ending war industry. These two moments help to understand, as an alternative narrative of globalization, the becoming of a unitary and interdependent world process in which intellectual and material changes collide. This has been a violent process and, at the same time, this same process increases the violence. By way of the closing, being-in-the-world is characterized by the loss of the tranquility, it is to say that the day to day living is no longer tranquil and security becomes a central value. On the other hand, being-in -the-world is experienced as being in a social field that is hostile because the world, which we usually think of as controllable, shows itself every day as a force that cannot be controlled. This is reflected in the lack of ground or stability characterizing world politics and the overall dimensions of existence as well, a life full of objects and services related with security, safety and care. Through the becoming of the mondanic closing and thanks to it, a new social field has emerged: the field of the global. Although inter-cultural relationships existed before the beginning of globalization, this new field is characterized by the way in which the mondanic closing has informed the institutional framework and the primary social imaginaries that make the “global” possible; particularly, the predominance of state and market as the main institutional instances. They make it possible to experience the world as a unitary and interdependent field of action: on the one hand, because they made the West’s expansion throughout the planet possible and ensured the processes of institutionalization of social imaginaries in colonized societies; on the other hand, because state and market became the only possibility of dominated societies to be independent and be recognized by its western counterparts. For this reason, market expansion and state building are just two sides of the same phenomenon. They are not independent, as is assumed by erroneous formulations which situate state and market as contradictory institutions with different goals. In this way, the main manifestation of the mondanic closing is world tyranny. This refers to a social existence in which humans are alienated from the world in the form of being and time. Tyranny is understood in the way Plato conceives it in Republic, as a form of government and a shape of the soul characterized by an existence uncontrolled, a non-sense and a non-being. Something similar happens with the world. Considering its functioning and the imaginaries that make progress and personal fulfillment the main goals of human reality, it is possible to state that the becoming of the world is the possibility of human realization. But like the tyrant in Plato, this is just an illusion. The world is not the master in its own house, it is the victim of its own means. Warfare makes it fragile, putting it at the edge of the abyss; material interdependence puts a pressure on nature that is not possible to sustain in the long run; wealth needs a more and more unequal economic system and the development of political apparatuses of oppression. In other words, the world is its own victim. In order to accomplish this objective, the article is divided into three parts: first, there is an analysis of mundialization as the process through which the world has become the subject of its own happening; second, I turn to an analysis of globalization as the process by which the world has coincided with the earth or with itself; third, being constitutive moments of the mondanic closing, I show how mundialization and globalization have configured a world tyranny, which is the shape of an existence alienated by being and time. Finally, to address the problematic of the mondanic closing, this article turns to philosophy and International Relations at the same time, considering that an integral approach is necessary. In the first place, philosophy gives an important insight because the World has been one of the main preoccupations of this field since the Enlightenment and in the XX century it arrived at a new perspective of this problem. For this reason, the article resorts to some common areas of phenomenology, particularly the concept of world and facticity. In the second place, International Relations suits this analysis because it is one of the results of the closing and the largest part of its production and research is oriented toward the problem of the World as a social field based on unity and interdependence. The English School of International Relations, despite some of the critics of its Western orientation, is useful to understand the world as founded on a common institutional framework which makes experience of the World possible.

Bill Helmreich, ethnographer extraordinaire, passed away due to COVID-19 complications. Walking nearly every inch of New York City and writing about his adventures in fieldnote format, he published several books in what he often referred to as “the city nobody knows” series. Bill hoped to galvanize ethnographers to gather systematic snapshots of other cities around the world and create a lasting sociological account of these places. Upon penning his last book, he made plans to steer his attention to Los Angeles. This essay is a reflection on the lessons I learned from Bill, including his “walk and chat” method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Qualitative Inquiry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper outlines the linguistic and semiotic aspects of a specialty text – a knitting pattern. In today’s busy world, nobody wants to read long and complicated texts if it can be easier illustrated by a photograph or a charted image that uses a set of specific symbols with their own, non-arbitrary meanings to make a text reader’s time usage more effective but also clear. Aspects of signs, semiotics, and language games are also explored in alignment with knitting charts as the main reference, as a knitting chart symbol is a concrete referent in its context. Finally, the translation of knitting charts is described, including the importance of a chart key and what transformations of text have occurred in the translation of knitting charts from English into Latvian. Charted knitting patterns could become a that could be easily transferred between different languages and cultures, helping people share their skills and heritage. Knitting and linguistics and translation studies is a new area of research that could bring many new insights about crafting and specialized language use.

The COVID‐19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of childcare to national economies in general and women's economic participation in particular, spurring renewed interest in childcare policy in many countries that have implemented lockdowns. This paper adopts a circle of care framework to analyzes how COVID‐19 has affected paid childcare, unpaid childcare and other paid work, and the relationship between these sectors. Analysis is grounded in the lived experiences of parents and childcare educators, documented through 16 semi‐structured interviews during the initial lockdown (March–June 2020) in British Columbia, Canada. Experiences from educators suggest their safety was not prioritized, and that their contributions were undervalued and went unrecognized. Mothers, who provided the majority of unpaid care, not only lost income due to care demands, but struggled to access necessities, with some reporting increased personal insecurity. Those attempting to work from home also experienced feelings of guilt and distress as they tried to manage the triple burden. Similarities of experiences across the circle of care suggest the COVID‐19 childcare policy response in BC Canada downloaded care responsibilities on to women without corresponding recognition or support, causing women to absorb the costs of care work, with potential long‐term negative effects on women's careers and well‐being, as well as on the resilience of the circle of care. Pandemic recovery and preparedness policies that aim to promote gender equality must consider all sectors of the circle of care and the relationships between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Gender, Work & Organization is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The epistemological profile of most of the Soviet texts about the Baikonur cosmodrome presents the local landscape before the construction of the cosmodrome as a desert – the barren steppe6 in which there was nothing and nobody lived. This justifies massive technological investments in the region and literal displacement of local history, as disproportionate to the emerging objects of space infrastructure. The study of traditional toponyms of the region makes it possible to show that this is not only a natural, but also a cultural landscape, formed under the influence of an anthropogenic factor. The article attempts to consider Kazakh toponyms of this region as significators of the Syrdarya cultural landscape. To a certain extent, the cosmic realities of the XX-XXI centuries have greatly distorted the idea of the Syrdarya cultural landscape, the territory where the world's largest cosmodrome Baikonur is located. The historically formed toponyms of the regions accurately reflect the substance of natural objects, the cultural impact on the natural landscape for millennia, as well as mythological ideas rooted in ancient history. The article focuses on toponyms, reflecting cosmogonic (myths about the origin of the world) representations of Kazakhs and their distant ancestors. It is also shown how these "cosmic toponyms" intersect, complement, enter into a relationship with modern, partly ideologically prolonged ideas about space, "cosmic start".

Nobody should profit from crime; this fundamental moral principle is uncontroversial. At the level of public declaration, few people are likely to disagree with this statement; however, controversies arise when the implementation of this principle is under discussion. Numerous provisions exist that aim to strip criminals of the proceeds from their crimes, but not all aspects of this issue are immediately apparent. For example, a significant question is how to treat profits that a criminal makes from activities including recounting stories about their criminal activities, publishing books describing their actions, or creating YouTube videos presenting details about their crimes. Such profits are either treated as legitimate or are targeted by complicated legal methods of deprivation. The view presented in this paper could facilitate the ability to strip criminals from these forms of profit. This article argues that revenue accruing from knowledge gained from association with crime should be treated as indirect proceeds of crime and, as such, should be forfeited.

We obtain optimal dynamic contests for environments where the designer monitors effort through coarse, binary signals—Poisson successes—and aims to elicit maximum effort, ideally in the least amount of time possible, given a fixed prize. The designer has a vast set of contests to choose from, featuring termination and prize-allocation rules together with real-time feedback for the contestants. Every effort-maximizing contest (which also maximizes total expected successes) has a history-dependent termination rule, a feedback policy that keeps agents fully apprised of their own success, and a prize-allocation rule that grants them, in expectation, a time-invariant share of the prize if they succeed. Any contest that achieves this effort in the shortest possible time must in addition be what we call second chance: once a pre-specified number of successes arrive, the contest enters a countdown phase where contestants are given one last chance to succeed.

Nobody (except for the privileged few) can afford legal services in Namibia. In the light of this dawning awareness, how should the government and other stakeholders design the legal profession so that the greatest number of Namibians can access legal services and, ultimately, justice while preserving the profession's financial viability? The predominantly economic nature of this question means that its solutions lie less in the field of law than in the field of economics. Thus, this article adopts a methodology that reflects that insight. As a primary purpose, this article works towards solving the high cost of legal services in Namibia. It utilises a literature-review methodology that searches the scholarship on the legal profession for practical, down-to-earth solutions put forward in other countries to take the edge off the prohibitive cost of legal services. The article mainly finds that, if structured as a compulsory salary deduction, legal insurance promises the greatest positive impact on costs. And it concludes that the optimal solutions should consist of measures aimed at heightening competition in the legal profession and measures that broaden cost-sharing in providing legal assistance to the public. The article argues that competition can be effectively increased by lubricating the flow of information about prices and services, and by having more public entities bear the burden of expanding the system of legal assistance.

The new prominence of ordinary voice in crime journalism – claims to have seen things, experienced things, felt things ‘first-hand’ – has the potential to decenter elite perspectives and open up crime news narratives to the voices of systemically criminalized subjects. However, I argue in this paper that the political potential of ordinary voice can only be realized in and through concrete instances of its use, and so needs to be examined within news texts as sites of micro-political struggle over meaning. Looking at Australian current affairs television coverage of so-called ‘African gang’ crime in Melbourne, this paper approaches crime news texts as sites of vulnerability politics, where different and sometimes competing claims to vulnerability encounter one another and struggle for public recognition. A close multi-modal analysis of three episodes of current affairs television uncovers four specific strategies of textual composition and presentation by which the criminalization of Black African youth is able to persist despite the testimonial interventions of the criminalized: appropriation, marginalization, subjugation and calculation. The paper concludes by considering the implications of this analysis for future studies of ordinary voice and citizen testimony in news reporting.

When considering our own death, we normally weigh its impact on the people we love and care about, as well as worrying about the way in which our life might end, hoping that not too much suffering precedes it. However, such view, despite necessary, is a passive understanding of death, interpreted as something that merely happens to us, where we would have some control over timing if physician-assisted dying were legal in our countries. But what if our relation to death would not end there? What if special medical needs, such as the emergency situation resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic, could have a direct impact on us creating a moral duty to end our lives? That is the thesis that will be advocated for in this paper: a moral duty to die will arise in some people to save resources that will help others get through Covid-19. It is important to indicate that the duty to die is personally acknowledged and self-imposed, thus nobody can be coerced to carry it out;for autonomy would be lost and such action should be considered an instance of incitement to die, therefore being morally blameworthy. © 2021 Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia. All Rights Reserved.

While some scholarship considers the reports on “personal prayer” in surveys as a sing of religious individualism, this article argues that prayer, from a sociological perspective, is a social activity. Based on a sample of 112 Catholic respondents in the cities of Montevideo (Uruguay), Lima (Peru), and Cordoba (Argentina), this research analyzes the content of interview and object elicitation meetings’ transcripts and participants’ produced photos, exploring the practice of prayer that is connecting with God. After analyzing different dimensions of prayer (quantity, style, content, interlocutors, and emotions), the article shows that personal prayer does not necessarily mean religious individualization and that while praying, respondents engage their webs of human and supra-human relations. This research, an exploratory study, gives us a better empirical understanding of prayer from a sociological perspective, in Latin America.

Advances in science and technology have improved industrial productivity and competitiveness and greatly improved standards and quality of life. These same factors have been the source of the current instability and have created new issues requiring complex expertise and technology. This paper is based on the content analysis paradigm and the system analysis method. Given the limitations of the classic and neoclassical economic model, new approaches to environmental economics and innovation have been analyzed, and the challenges of achieving sustainable development and its components have been addressed. The future of humanity depends on whether it can develop an economic and social system with the “operational capacity” of mass and energy that respects ecological constraints, and this is the ultimate challenge for the economic systems in the future. However, as a realistic view, nobody can deny the importance of the other economic theories, and it is suggested to use the historical experiences and information to improve the economic systems, not to abandon what human society has achieved. Based on the obtained analytical results, the framework for selecting policy tools, the characteristics of each, and the time of using these policy tools to promote sustainable development are presented. This study shows that despite rapid economic growth, the world is reaching a point that there will be no capacity for more net harvest from nature. This paper suggests sustainable economics to stabilize sustainable economic growth and save vital resources from being depleted.

What, really, is a smart city? Nobody seems to know for sure, and that’s the point: the smart city serves as a cipher for a fantasy of frictionless solutionism, in which the city is reformulated as...

This study investigates the organizational and occupational identification of academic librarians. Results from 21 semi-structured interviews with librarians with instruction roles at an Ivy-league...

In this paper, we propose to reflect on the inventive nature of translation, taking into consideration what Derrida conceives as to-be-translated (2006), as well as what Augusto de Campos (2015; 2008b) calls as “creative translation”. The analysis material is Derrida’s Des tours de Babel, and the translation by Campos of the collected poems “I’m Nobody” by Dickinson. In the interface of Translation Studies and Derridian Deconstruction, we expect to contribute to enlarge the theorization on representation through translation, and the understanding about the inventive/creative processes in translation considered as writing.

Dadas las diferencias entre la vida rural y urbana del virreinato de la Nueva España ¿fue la familia un agente activo en los cambios de la modernidad? ¿En qué terrenos lo apreciamos? El problema reside en identificar los caminos del cambio. Parto del reconocimiento de un sistema estamental en crisis, cuyo proceso natural de debilitamiento se vio interrumpido por leyes que pretendían reforzarlo. Una vez más, en la historia concurren fuerzas que contribuyen a que el resultado de las políticas y de las buenas intenciones sea algo que nadie había deseado, ni siquiera imaginado. He buscado definir a los actores que, en distintos ambientes, enfrentaron el dilema de elegir entre los valores del pasado o las ofertas de bienestar de un futuro incierto. Las fuentes documentales han mostrado cómo la legislación y las infracciones a la misma trazaron las rutas del conflicto. Finalmente, los cambios se iniciaron, precisamente en las ciudades y en aspectos que no se habían considerado: lejos de afianzarse las diferencias, se propició la formación de una nueva sociedad en la que la riqueza y el tipo de actividad importaban más que el origen de los antepasados.

Resumo: Em sua obra As origens do totalitarismo, Hannah Arendt afirma que os regimes totalitários evidenciaram que é possível transformar pessoas em seres supérfluos, isto é, elementos substituíveis e descartáveis. Já em seus escritos tardios, como os da coletânea Responsabilidade e julgamento, a pensadora se refere ao ninguém, um ser humano que deixou de ser uma pessoa. Assim, embora sob diferentes designações, o ninguém aparece em vários pontos de sua obra. Neste artigo, procuro compreender essa figura, estabelecendo contrapontos com a figura do alguém, ou do quem, e com a do “egoísta”. Arendt mesma não usa o termo “egoísta”, mas é possível pensar que a distinção entre ele e o ninguém ajuda a caracterizar o último com maior nitidez, como um fenômeno próprio da sociedade de massa, em especial dos regimes totalitários. Espero mostrar como as figuras extremas do ninguém e do alguém e, em algum ponto entre os extremos, a do egoísta se tornam profícuas, não só para compreender algumas experiências analisadas por Arendt, mas também para pensar sobre as nossas. Abstract: In her work The Origins of Totalitarianism Hannah Arendt asserts that totalitarian regimes have shown that it is possible to transform persons into superfluous beings, i.e., replaceable and disposable elements. In her late writings, like those in the compilation Responsibility and judgment, the thinker refers to the nobody, a human being who is no longer a person. Thus, although under different designations, the nobody appears at various points in her work. In this article I try to understand that figure, establishing counterpoints with the figure of the somebody, or the who, and with that of the ‘egoist’. Arendt herself does not use the term ‘egoist’, but I think that the distinction between him and the nobody helps to characterize the latter more clearly, as a typical phenomenon of mass society, especially of totalitarian regimes. I hope to show how the extreme figures of the nobody and the somebody and, at some point between the extremes, that of the egoist become useful not only to understand some experiences analyzed by Arendt, but also to think about ours.

Museums are increasingly placed front-and-centre in police headquarters. Based on interviews, field notes, and observations, we examine the significance of placing museums in the foyers of new police headquarters for public culture and police legitimacy. Drawing from critical heritage, cultural and policing studies literature, we argue the trend represents a strategic means of softening the image of police and creating myths central to reinforcing their legitimacy. We show that studying the representations inside police museums is crucial to comprehend how these entities depict social reality and provide frames through which the public make sense of policing and carcerality more broadly. Conceptualizing police museums as a form of public relations management that has material impacts on urban life and public culture, we reflect on what our findings mean for literature on cultural representations of “criminal justice.”

In an online interview, Nobel Laureate David Baltimore, Ph.D., reflected on his contributions to biomedical science that have had a major influence on the fields of molecular biology, virology, cancer, and immunology. Dr. Baltimore is President Emeritus and Distinguished Professor of Biology at the California Institute of Technology. Among other notable works, he discovered the critical nuclear transcription factor NF Kappa B and the Rag1 and Rag2 proteins that rearrange adaptive immune cell receptors. His career path, he says, evolved naturally, as math and science came easily to him. As a high school student, he participated in a summer program at the Jackson Lab in Bar Harbor, Maine, where he says he came away feeling that experimental biology was exciting and rewarding. “That's where I discovered that the frontiers of science, were not so distant; that I could actually make a discovery that nobody else in the world knew about,” he says. And that he did. Independently, he and Howard Temin discovered the viral enzyme reverse transcriptase revising the canon of cellular information transfer. They published back-to-back papers in Nature demonstrating that this enzyme in virus particles could transcribe RNA to DNA. Both received a Nobel Prize for this work. In reflecting on his early experience evaluating how to work with recombinant DNA and how we should scientifically and safely approach gain of function research, he says, “We have to be very honest with ourselves about what might hold danger, and we have to control our instinct … to do anything we can to generate progress and understanding of life. …At the same time, we don’t want to hold back progress, and so there is a balancing.” Dr. Baltimore also discussed his optimism about vectored immunoprophylaxis as a strategy for prevention of HIV and his doubt that scalable strategies will be able to cure HIV. He also reflected on his philosophy for the training of young scientists and the successful training program that he developed at the Whitehead Institute.

Toni Morrison verbalizes in novel manners the pain and battle of a traumatized self and local area. In her novels, the traumatic truth of a dark self shows itself in the characters' self-hatred and self-disdain, and in the deficiency of their individual and cultural identity. Her fiction resolves issues of African American history, traumatizing experience and identity, often additionally captivating with inquiries of sex and sex, and, less significantly, class. When writing in a climate where everything except a couple of dark writers battled for acknowledgment, presently the subject of much recognition, Morrison’s work has provoked various and assorted basic reactions. The Beloved and Song of Solomon utilize the devices of disruption, corruption and sensuality to portray the traumatic encounters of the Black ladies’ heroes. During the last fifteen or so years grant treating the Morrison oeuvre has blossomed, making her clearly quite possibly the most talked about creators of the contemporary time frame. Toni Morrison’s In her novel, Beloved (1987), Toni Morrison shows the overwhelming impacts of slavery and its specialist disasters as these impacts show themselves through numerous ages of one family. The trauma of slavery is with the end goal that nobody contacted by it can break liberated from the past, even a long time after actual freedom. This is valid for the novel's hero, Sethe, a once in the past oppressed lady living in Cincinnati after the Civil War and third novel Song of Solomon (1977) goes about as a milestone in her profession, since it uncovers the imaginative development she has acquired, and furthermore presents the arrangement she has observed to tackle the overwhelming issues she depicts in her initially traumatizing novel. The distinctive traumatic occasions make Morrison's novels appropriate for logo helpful perusing and examination.

We report on a study in which 4- to 6-year-olds were presented with a sticker-retrieval task and asked to choose between one of two tools they could use to complete it. One of the tools was efficient but verbally identified to be the one that “nobody” uses; the other option was less efficient, but children were told it was the tool that “everybody” uses. Children learned about the level of efficiency and normative-use of each tool option through one of three presentation mediums: (i) in a face-to-face, live demonstration; (ii) via a demonstration video presented on a laptop; or (iii) via a demonstration video presented onto a small whiteboard from a mini-projector. Intriguingly, children's normative tendency varied depending on the presentation medium. Specifically, children who viewed the demonstration video on a laptop displayed a stronger tendency to employ the inefficient option tool that “everybody” uses, whereas children who were presented the demonstration live or via a demonstration video using a mini-projector were more inclined toward the efficient option that “nobody” uses. We contend that children may now be perceiving digital screens using a social lens, where children's prior experience with screen devices alters the way they interpret and respond to information presented through this medium. This study affords novel insights into how children may treat digital screens as their modern social learning partner, and raises important questions about the credibility and social relevance of digital platforms in the current generation.

This article argues that the structural conflict conditions surrounding insurgencies produce rebel demand for external participation. Drawing on a data set of 140 militant organizations between 199...

Background People with Parkinson’s are at higher risk of healthcare and pharmaceutical care issues. Objective To determine the healthcare challenges, pharmaceutical care needs, and perceived need of a pharmacist-run clinic by people with Parkinson’s and their caregivers. Setting Malaysian Parkinson’s Disease Association. Method A focus group discussion adopting a descriptive qualitative approach was conducted involving people with Parkinson’s and their caregivers. A semi-structured interview guide was used to determine the challenges they faced with their medications and healthcare system, their pharmaceutical care needs, and their views on a pharmacist-run clinic. Data was thematically analysed. Main outcome measure: Healthcare challenges faced by people with Parkinson’s and caregivers along with their pharmaceutical care needs and perceived need of a pharmacist-run clinic. Results Nine people with Parkinson’s and four caregivers participated. Six themes were developed: (1) “It’s very personalised”: the need for self-experimentation, (2) “Managing it is quite difficult”: challenges with medication, (3) “The doctor has no time for you”: challenges with healthcare providers, (4) “Nobody can do it except me”: challenges faced by caregivers, (5) “It becomes a burden”: impact on quality of life, and (6) “Lack of consistency could be counterproductive”: views on pharmacist-run clinic. Conclusion The provision of pharmaceutical care services by pharmacists could help overcome issues people with Parkinson’s face, however there is a need for them to first see pharmacists in their expanded roles and change their limited perception of pharmacists. This can be achieved through integration of pharmacists within multidisciplinary teams in specialist clinics which they frequent.

The novel Coronavirus was something that nobody was prepared for. It was that part of the syllabus which was always neglected. The contagious disease which started in the Wuhan region of China had started to settle in various parts of the World. The outbreak of this disease has reached such a huge number that all the countries witnessed lockdown in some form or the other. Some people have witnessed destruction of mankind while some have even leisured this time to their fullest but as it has been always said “Prevention is better than cure”. Prevention of covid 19 in all the nations was one of the major steps which was taken in the year 2020. In India it all started in the year of 2019 December when the first ever case of covid 19 was reported in the state of Kerala followed by Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Delhi. Following such a situation and then sudden increase in the no of cases all over the country a major decision was taken that was of Complete lockdown excluding the emergency and essential services. Before taking the step of lockdown, as a gesture of respect to the frontline workers, government of India announced Tali Bajao movement. In the period of lockdown Certain norms were even made mandatory that were wearing a mask, maintenance of hand sanitation and following social distancing of 1.5 meters in public places. All the educational institutes and teachings were even suspended during the time period of lockdown as it could have become a hub for the virus to spread. With time, the restrictions which were laid down in lockdown were started to be reduced in the phase wise manner and finally India noticed its very first Unlock period. In all this scenario mankind has dealt with various situations and have emerged to be a better person. All these steps were crucial to control the spread of Novel Coronavirus and prevention from the already spread cases.

At Hampton Institute (now Hampton University) in Virginia, student journalists continued the tradition of publishing the Hampton Script. During this time, the Script covered race, politics, and com...

Nobody supposed that after one year of the pandemia, the SARS-CoV-2 Virus and its emerging mutants dominates the press, our lives and the health system as a whole. As for Geriatric Medicine, many things have also changed: The majority of COVID-19 patients are no more the (oldest) old and mortality is less observed in multimorbid persons, as most of them have been vaccinated. (Oldest) old persons are still especially vulnerable to die due to a COVD-19 infection. In longterm care, a significant higher mortality was seen in the former waves, but now, some longterm care facilities have more places that they can fill. This is a situation that many European countries would never have anticipated.Ressource allocationin stormy times is now more openly discussed, especially who should be admitted to intensive care units. This has led to more detailed and new guidelines which may help even when the pandemia is over. Here, some thoughts regarding the care of older adults in times of the pandemia are discussed.

The topic of COVID19 Vaccine Education for Caregivers (CVEC) was chosen for this internship project in an attempt to contribute to ending the global pandemic. The COVID19 pandemic has pushed the American public to take public health measures seriously in order to protect themselves and others. Pandemic-induced fears have also generated a significant amount of anxiety throughout many people in the country in regards to confusion and uncertainty regarding the COVID19 pandemic information as well as vaccine information. American adults caring for children are experiencing higher levels of stress, compared to adults without children, as they have to manage additional challenges regarding at-home care in the absence of traditional schooling and extracurricular activities.1 In addition to making vaccination decisions for themselves, these caregivers are also responsible for making healthcare decisions for their children, which is why it is extremely important that they have the information necessary to make informed decisions to receive COVID19 vaccination. CVEC was designed to educate and answer questions caregivers may have in order for them to feel educated and comfortable in receiving COVID19 vaccination. Working with the Delaware Academy of Medicine and the Delaware Public Health Association, CVEC resources were published online through the Immunization Coalition of Delaware, which works to ensure nobody in Delaware suffers from vaccine preventable illnesses.

A review of: Tinne Claes. Corpses in Belgian Anatomy, 1860-1914. Nobody’s Dead. London: Palgrave Macmillan (Medicine and Biomedical Sciences in Modern History, 15); 2019. 325 p. 21 b/w illustrations. eBook ISBN 978-3-030-20115-9.

In this digital age, people spend a significant portion of their lives online and this has led to an explosion of personal data from users and their activities. Typically, this data is private and nobody else, except the user, is allowed to look at it. This poses interesting and complex challenges from scalable information extraction point of view: extracting information under privacy aware constraints where there is little data to learn from but need highly accurate models to run on large amount of data across different users. Anonymization of data is typically used to convert private data into publicly accessible data. But this may not always be feasible and may require complex differential privacy guarantees in order to be safe from any potential negative consequences. Other techniques involve building models on a small amount of seen (eyes-on) data and a large amount of unseen (eyes-off) data. In this tutorial, we use emails as representative private data to explain the concepts of scalable IE under privacy-aware constraints.

Governments should create IT accident investigation boards for the exact same reasons they have done so for ships, railroads, planes, and in many cases, automobiles. Denmark got its Railroad Accident Investigation Board because too many people were maimed and killed by steam trains. The UK's Air Accidents Investigation Branch was created for pretty much the same reasons, but, specifically, because when the airlines investigated themselves, nobody was any the wiser. Does that sound slightly familiar in any way?

Men’s victimisation is a central topic in online discussions, particularly in the manosphere, where its emphasis is often combined with a strong anti-feminist stance. This article examines the interplay of affects and discourse in meaning-making around men’s victimisation both in online discussions and among social and crisis workers asked to comment upon meanings circulating online. By using the concept of affective-discursive practice, the analysis shows how this meaning-making reiterates socially shared interpretative repertoires and positionings that mobilise affects based on sympathy, anger and hate. Furthermore, the article demonstrates how the practitioners respond to these affective meanings by adopting positions of responsibility, while also redirecting and neutralising online affect. The article contributes to knowledge on the interaction between online and offline meaning-making around men’s victimisation, and to building an understanding of affects and discourse in seemingly moderate meaning-making around this topic that however resonates and links with the more extreme anti-feminism of the manosphere.

Modern research has been diligent and successful in discovering what causes a wrongful conviction and long-term consequences on the wrongfully convicted person and their family. However, there is one area that remains relatively untouched by research efforts. It is the period between the conviction and the release, the period of incarceration itself. The purpose of this paper is to outline the experiences of wrongfully convicted persons in prison. While each incarceration term is an individualized experience, there are many commonalities within these experiences. This paper will consider the incarceration experience via two lenses: Part I will look at inmate and prison violence, and Part II will explore mental health and segregation. The paper will focus largely on the Canadian perspective, with limited insights from other jurisdictions. Each section will also evaluate: (1) the general prison experience for all incarcerated persons, and (2) the distinct prison experiences of the wrongfully convicted as a result of maintaining their innocence. Because little research exists on the distinct experiences of wrongfully convicted persons in prison, this paper looks to interviews and other sources where wrongfully convicted persons discussed their prison experiences. These sources are few and far between, with many wrongfully convicted persons echoing the words of Thomas Sophonow (wrongfully convicted of the murder of a 16-year-old donut shop employee), “whatever happened in jail [is] nobody’s business.”