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4. Analytical and numerical models compared with measurements for analysis of electromagnetic radiation through apertures of a metallic enclosure

Author

Azizi Hakim, Chebout Mohammed, Moulai Hocine, Bréard Arnaud, and Vollaire Christian

Subjects
shielding effectiveness, enclosures, apertures, normal incident, oblique incident, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

Generally, most of the electronic equipments need a metallic enclosure in order to mechanically protect and electrically shield the interior printed circuit boards (PCBs) and subsystems. But in practical situations, the apertures or slots of various forms are essential parts of the shielding enclosure for thermal dissipation, CD-ROMs, connectors, I/O cabling and so on. The performance of shielding enclosures for high-speed digital systems is compromised by these inevitable discontinuities on enclosure. To minimize the electromagnetic interferences and susceptibility risks by these discontinuities, the shielding enclosures with apertures should be designed based on thorough analysis about the electromagnetic coupling mechanism through apertures. In this paper, the effect of apertures and oblique incident plane wave on shielding effectiveness of the enclosure is studied with the Circuital Approach, and the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method, the simulated SE data are verified by experimental technique. Good agreements are found between these approaches.

Published
2020
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9. Bioelectricity production of PMFC using Lobelia Queen Cardinalis in individual and shared soil configurations

Author

Bataillou Grégory, Haddour Naoufel, and Vollaire Christian

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Plant Microbial Fuel Cell (PMFC) creates electricity from oxidation of root exudates by microbia anaerobic digestion, and reduction of dioxygen to water. In this study, Lobelia Queen Cardinalis was used as a plant model to investigate the impact of ionic connection between stacked Plant microbial fuel cell (shared soil). 10mm thickness carbon felt woven with stainless steel wire was used for both anode and cathode, and soil was a mix of potting soil and ground from pond banks (30\%-70\% weight, respectively). Independent performances did not show any difference between individual and shared soil PMFCs. Stacking independent PMFC in series sums both open circuit potential (OCP) and internal resistance, while stacking in parallel sums current, keeping open circuit potential to the mean of the OCPs. Although series stacking seems to output best performances, this configuration may cause voltage reversal in one PMFC when current is strong, leading to biofilm damage, so stacking in parallel is recommended.

Published
2022
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13. Circuit Model for Fast Computational Analysis of RWPT Applications

Author

Freitas, Felipe M., Soares, Icaro, Vollaire, Christian, Bréard, Arnaud, Krähenbühl, Laurent, Goncalves, Sandro T. M., Resende, Ursula C., Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais (CEFET-MG), Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Ampère, Département Energie Electrique (EE), Ampère (AMPERE), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ampère, Département Automatique pour l'Ingénierie des Systèmes (AIS), FAPEMIG, CAPES, CNPq, and CEFETMG and Laboratoire Ampere -CNRS [UMR 5005]

Subjects
[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Printed coil, RWPT, Neumann formulation, resonant wireless power transfer
Abstract

International audience; This work proposes a circuit model to calculate the current along printed coils used in resonant wireless power transmission systems. The proposed formulation is based on the Neumann formula for calculating the mutual inductance between coils, and due to the generality of this approach, it can be applied to more complex structures such as metasurfaces. Finally, this formulation is used to calculate the scattering parameters of the entire system, making it possible to evaluate its wireless power transfer efficiency. The results obtained agree with the general behavior obtained from electromagnetic simulations in commercial software, with a low error and a reduction in computational time of almost three orders of magnitude.

Published
2022

18. Study of Discharge Inception and Propagation in Liquid–Solid Insulation System under DC–LI Superimposed Constraints.

Author

Moufakkir, Younes, Zouaghi, Ayyoub, and Vollaire, Christian

Subjects
SURFACE charges, PARTIAL discharges, SPACE charge, RENEWABLE energy sources, ELECTRIC fields, SOLID-liquid interfaces, POWER resources, SURFACE charging
Abstract

High-voltage direct current (HVDC) links are starting to become widely implemented thanks to their interesting advantages such as reduced operation losses, the absence of reactive power, which allows energy transport via underground cables over long distances, and improved power control. The latter advantage is very essential for renewable energy resource integration into power grids. However, a thorough understanding of the behavior of insulation systems for HVDC components is critical so as to ensure a more reliable service. Indeed, the existence of the direct current (DC) voltage in HVDC components may induce surface and space charge accumulation that can stress insulation further or even promote discharge inception and propagation. As such, this work focuses on showcasing the effect of surface charge on streamers that develop on the interface of liquid–solid insulation due to the advent of lightning impulse (LI) voltage in the HVDC link. This study was performed using finite-element-based numerical simulations that include a quasi-electrostatic model for surface charge accumulation and an electrohydrodynamic fluid model for streamer initiation and propagation. The geometry used was point–plane configuration where the high voltage is applied to the needle electrode located above the liquid–solid interface. The obtained results suggest that streamer initiation is affected by both the accumulated surface charge density and polarity. For a positive streamer, an accumulation of positive surface charge increases the discharge inception voltage as a result of a weakening in the electric field, while an accumulation of negative surface charge decreases the discharge inception voltage due to an intensification in the electric field. Moreover, streamer travel distance and velocity are also both shown to be affected by surface charge accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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20. A new platform for culture and electroporation of 3D cell constructs based on a porous scaffold

Author

Bregigeon, Pauline, Frénéa-Robin, Marie, Marchalot, Julien, Franqueville, Laure, Vollaire, Christian, Riviere, Charlotte, and FRENEA-ROBIN, Marie

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Hydrogel, Electroporation, [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], Spheroids
Abstract

Electroporation (EPN) is a method for introducing molecules into cells based on the application of pulsed electric fields. It opens new perspectives for cancer treatment by electrochemotherapy and electro-gene therapy. The study of EPN effects on in vitro 3D tumor models could benefit from the development of new tools providing easiness of use, high throughput and results reproducibility.In the literature, the proposed approaches consist in fabricating the spheroids using droplet-based microfluidics1 or hanging drop methods2 and then introduce them in an electroporation cuvette connected to a pulse generator. Thus, it involves several handling steps, which can potentially damage spheroids.We present a new platform enabling culture of spheroids of similar size and shape, easy introduction of fluid and subsequent electroporation inside a unique device integrating a porous hydrogel scaffold.

Published
2021

21. Study of electrochemotherapy effect in cell spheroids using a microfluidic device based on glass technology

Author

Bregigeon, Pauline, Marchalot, Julien, Franqueville, Laure, Vollaire, Christian, Frénéa-Robin, Marie, Riviere, Charlotte, and FRENEA-ROBIN, Marie

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Electroporation, Hydrogel Scaffold, Glass Technology, [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], Electrochemotherapy, Cell Spheroids
Abstract

Electroporation (EPN) is a technique using pulsed electric fields to permeabilize and introduce molecules into cells without permanent damage. To assess the potential of cancer treatments based on EPN, like electrochemo- therapy (ECT), innovative in vitro assays exploiting 3D cell models such as spheroids are needed. The parallel treatment of tens of spheroids is required to produce statistical data. We designed a microfluidic device including a structured hydrogel placed between two conductive glass slides, enabling culture and electroporation of a large number of spheroids sharing similar characteristics. Here, we demonstrate its use to assess the effect of ECT on spheroids.

Published
2021

22. Experimental study of the self-disturbance phenomena in a half-bridge configuration of Si IGBT and SiC MOSFET switches

Author

Geramirad, Hadiseh, Morel, Florent, Lefebvre, Bruno, Vollaire, Christian, Bréard, Arnaud, BREARD, Arnaud, SuperGrid Institute SAS, Ampère, Département Méthodes pour l'Ingénierie des Systèmes (MIS), Ampère (AMPERE), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Hardware_GENERAL, [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY, [SPI.TRON] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, [SPI.NRJ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power
Abstract

International audience; This paper investigates the gate-driver design challenges encountered due to the fast switching of wide band-gap semiconductors (here, SiC MOSFETs) in the half-bridge configuration. It discusses precisely the common-mode current generated by fast switching passing through gate-driver, which leads to driving-voltage perturbations and disturbs the correct triggering of switches. This phenomenon is described here as self-disturbance and the experimental study shows that it is exacerbated with SiC MOSFETs, when compared with Si IGBTs. The solution proposed in this article is to block the generated noise linked to self-disturbance phenomenon by placing a common-mode choke into the gate path. The proposed solution is compared with the classical active Miller-clamp protection solution. The experimental results from 1.7kV, 300A SiC MOSFET validate the solution. The solution proposed in this work allows to keep the MOSFET gate-voltage perturbation lower than the MOSFET threshold voltage while it does not increase the switching losses. Experimental results show that by implementing the proposed solution, it is possible to reduce the input common-mode current through the gate driver by up to 20%.

Published
2020

23. Electromagnetic Shielding Performance of a Metallic Enclosure with Apertures

Author

Azizi, Hakim, Chebout, Mohammed, Moulai, Hocine, Bréard, Arnaud, Vollaire, Christian, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene [Alger] (USTHB), Ampère, Département Méthodes pour l'Ingénierie des Systèmes (MIS), Ampère (AMPERE), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and BREARD, Arnaud

Subjects
circuit model, [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, enclosure, shielding effectiveness, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, [SPI.ELEC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, FDTD, apertures, Physics::Chemical Physics
Abstract

International audience; Generally, most of the electronic equipment need a metallic enclosure in order to mechanically protect and electrically shield the interior printed circuit boards (PCBs) and subsystems. But in practical situations, the apertures or slots of various forms are essential parts of the shielding enclosure for thermal dissipation, CD-ROMs, connectors, I/O cabling and so on. The performance of shielding enclosures for high-speed digital systems is compromised by these inevitable discontinuities on enclosure. To minimize the electromagnetic interferences and susceptibility risks by these discontinuities, the shielding enclosures with apertures should be designed based on thorough analysis about the electromagnetic coupling mechanism through apertures. In this paper, the effect of apertures and oblique incident plane wave on shielding effectiveness of the enclosure is studied with the Circuital Approach, and the Finite-Difference Time-Domain method, the simulated SE data are verified by experimental technique. Good agreements are found between these approaches.

Published
2020

29. Time Reversal Applied to Wireless Power Transmission

Author

Bréard, Arnaud, Huillery, Julien, Voyer, Damien, Duroc, Yvan, Vollaire, Christian, Ampère, Département Méthodes pour l'Ingénierie des Systèmes (MIS), Ampère (AMPERE), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École d'Ingénieurs en Génie des Systèmes Industriels [La Rochelle] (EIGSI), Ecole d'Ingénieurs en Génie des Systèmes Industriels, Ampère, Département Energie Electrique (EE), and Ampère, Publications

Subjects
[SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SPI.NRJ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

30. Dimensionnement d’un système de transfert d’énergie électrique par induction utilisant des métamatériaux pour amplifier le transfert de puissance et pour empêcher les flux de fuite

Author

Jodet, Côme, Thieux, Juan, Vollaire, Christian, Bréard, Arnaud, Ampère, Publications, Ampère, Département Méthodes pour l'Ingénierie des Systèmes (MIS), Ampère (AMPERE), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Laboratoire Ampère CNRS UMR 5005, Université de Lyon, INSA - Lyon

Subjects
[SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, [SPI.NRJ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power
Published
2019

31. Impact de la configuration des capacités de découplage sur le pré filtrage des perturbations de mode différentiel

Author

Yade, Ousseynou, Martin, Christian, Bréard, Arnaud, Vollaire, Christian, Ali, M, Meuret, Régis, Ampère, Département Méthodes pour l'Ingénierie des Systèmes (MIS), Ampère (AMPERE), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ampère, Département Energie Electrique (EE), SAFRAN, Grp Hispano Suiza, SAFRAN Group, and Ampère, Publications

Subjects
[SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SPI.NRJ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power
Abstract

National audience

Published
2018

32. Modélisation du test Cem BCI sous contrainte DO160 & validation avec des mesures

Author

Diop, Mor Sokhna, Clavel, Edith, Cheaito, Hassan, Vollaire, Christian, Kedzia, J.C., Malnoult, P., Gainetdinoff, B., Mutel, L., Ambroise, A., Vialardi, Enrico, Laboratoire de Génie Electrique de Grenoble (G2ELab), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Ampère, Département Méthodes pour l'Ingénierie des Systèmes (MIS), Ampère (AMPERE), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Esisar - Plateforme Esynov, Esisar, Cedrat, CEDRAT, and Garcia, Sylvie

Subjects
[SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, [SPI.NRJ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power
Abstract

International audience; Le test BCI (Bulk Current Injection) utilisé enCEM étant très sensible à sa mise en oeuvre et desconfigurations multiples et variées pouvant se rencontrer,le recours à la simulation devient incontournable. Lamodélisation proposée s’effectue sous PAMCEM/CRIPTE où les différents éléments (influents) dubanc de test BCI sont modélisés et validés avec desrésultats expérimentaux. Ces travaux constituent un grandapport pour les avionneurs et/ou équipementiers commeun support d’aide à la prise de décision lors de la phasede "pre-disign" des équipements destinés à êtreembarqués dans les porteurs. En effet, ils pourraientpermettre de maîtriser et concevoir au plus juste (ni trop,ni pas assez) les protections aux étages d’entrée deséquipements. En outre, ils pourraient faciliter le "re-use"d’équipement sur d’autres aéronefs en minimisant lenombre de tests à réaliser et les délais de livraison de produits.

Published
2018

33. Modélisation CEM de type boîte noire d'un onduleur triphasé

Author

Amara, Meriem, Vollaire, Christian, Ali, M., Costa, François, Costa, François, Ampère, Département Méthodes pour l'Ingénierie des Systèmes (MIS), Ampère (AMPERE), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Safran Tech, Systèmes et Applications des Technologies de l'Information et de l'Energie (SATIE), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), and HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, [SPI.NRJ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power
Abstract

International audience; Cet article présente une modélisation électromagnétique de type « boîte noire » d’un convertisseur de puissance DC-AC. Cet onduleur est représenté par une association de sources de perturbations électromagnétiques et d’impédances, permettant de reproduire ses caractéristiques d’émissions conduites. L’approche de modélisation présentée dans cet article requière un temps de calcul très court, ce qui permet une conception rapide et optimisée d’un filtre CEM, et une étude d’interaction entre plusieurs convertisseurs connectés sur le même réseau électrique. Ce modèle dépendant d’un point de fonctionnement donné du convertisseur, la deuxième partie de cet article est consacrée à l’étude de l’influence du changement de charge sur ce modèle comportemental.

Published
2018

34. SMPS electromagnetic noise in System-on-Chip: Resonant frequency and amplitude dependencies

Author

Feltrin, Eric, Chesneau, David, Vollaire, Christian, Ampère, Publications, Ampère, Département Energie Electrique (EE), Ampère (AMPERE), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), STMicroelectronics [Grenoble] (ST-GRENOBLE), and Ampère, Département Méthodes pour l'Ingénierie des Systèmes (MIS)

Subjects
[SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, [SPI.NRJ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power
Abstract

International audience; Electromagnetic noise (EMI) is always difficult to estimate especially inside complex System-on-Chips (SoCs) where multiple noise sources and victims share the same silicon. However when a Switch-Mode Power Supply (SMPS) power stage is integrated in a SoC, switching noise becomes an issue of concern. The use of Technology Computer Aided Design solutions (TCAD) such as Finite Element Method (FEM) solver to model the emission and propagation of this noise has become highly time consuming in large SoCs. Consequently it is necessary to understand noise mechanism to reduce model complexity and to set up adapted solutions. The source analysis is based on a Spice model of a test vehicle in CMOS bulk technology with a TCAD model extracted from the package and the PCB layout. Each state of the power stage is studied separately to understand the link between parasitic components and the noise frequency spectrum. A similar approach is applied to the transition between these states in order to understand noise level dependency. Compared to measurements, the model gives a good and pertinent approximation of the noise key parameters leading to an understanding noise mechanism to design a safer power stage architecture.

Published
2018

35. Mesures large bande en courant et tension pour l'évaluation de la puissance dissipée et des perturbations conduites d'un convertisseur de puissance

Author

Loudière, Kévin, Bréard, Arnaud, Vollaire, Christian, Costa, François, Moussa, Houmam, Meuret, Régis, Ampère, Publications, VALEO, Ampère, Département Méthodes pour l'Ingénierie des Systèmes (MIS), Ampère (AMPERE), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Systèmes et Applications des Technologies de l'Information et de l'Energie (SATIE), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SAFRAN, Grp Hispano Suiza, and SAFRAN Group

Subjects
[SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, [SPI.NRJ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power
Abstract

International audience; Lors de la phase de développement d’un prototype de convertisseur d’électronique de puissance, une étude de la puissance dissipée par le module est nécessaire afin de dimensionner les dissipateurs thermiques. Une seconde problématique est de s’assurer que les perturbations électromagnétiques émises par le système respect les normes en vigueur. Pour ces deux points une campagne de mesures de tension et courant en certains points peut être réalisée à condition de prendre certaines précautions liées à la bande passante des sondes utilisées. Pour se faire, une caractérisation des sondes de mesures doit être effectuée en mesurant leur fonction de transfert afin de réaliser une déconvolution dans le domaine temporel du signal mesuré et supprimer la signature des sondes. Une mesure du transfert de mode (Mode Commun vers Mode Différentiel) de ces sondes doit également être réalisée. La méthode est évaluée ici en comparant la puissance dissipée mesurée électriquement avec celle mesurée thermiquement.

Published
2018

39. Efficient worst-case analysis of electronic networks in intervals of frequency

Author

Ferber De Vieira Lessa, Moises, Korniienko, Anton, Lofberg, Johan, Morel, Florent, Scorletti, Gérard, Vollaire, Christian, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Ampère, Département Méthodes pour l'Ingénierie des Systèmes (MIS), Ampère (AMPERE), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Electrical Engineering (LIU), Linköping University (LIU), Ampère, Département Energie Electrique (EE), and Fonds de LIA Maxwell

Subjects
Robustness Analysis, Convex Optimization, Worst-case Analysis, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Electric Circuits, Uncertainty, [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic
Abstract

International audience; This paper presents a new method to compute upper and lower bounds of any voltage or current of an arbitrary linear electric circuit model with uncertain parameters. The bounds are in the frequency domain, and when compared to a previously proposed method, this novel approach provides a higher level of guarantee. The reason is that the bounds are not only computed for a set of fixed frequencies but also computed to a set of intervals of frequencies. The details of the proposed approach, especially the equivalent uncertain element models, are given. Additionally, tests are performed on problems with low and high number of uncertain parameters. Contrary to the classical method of Monte Carlo, the results are not based on a random choice of parameters and do not depend on the number of iterations. It is shown on an example that the classical method of Monte Carlo needs a high number of iterations to reach results in agreement with the proposed method. Then, it leads to higher computation times of several orders of magnitude.

Published
2017
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40. Improved Layout of Inverter for EMC Analysis

Author

Yade, Ousseynou, Martin, Christian, Vollaire, Christian, Bréard, Arnaud, Ali, Marwan, Meuret, Régis, Morel, Hervé, Ampère, Département Méthodes pour l'Ingénierie des Systèmes (MIS), Ampère (AMPERE), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ampère, Département Energie Electrique (EE), SAFRAN Group, Labinal Power Systems, SAFRAN (FRANCE), and martin, christian

Subjects
[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, [SPI.TRON] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, [SPI.NRJ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics
Abstract

International audience; This paper details EMC (electromagnetic compatibility) analysis on an inverter application. The work deals with the whole power chain (±270Vdc input voltage to 3-phase 115 Vac output voltage). This inverter is composed by modular parts (power module and EMC filters) that supply motors in more electrical aircraft. Through our analysis an approach is defined to design a detailed lumped circuit model of the power module layout by using Q3D extractor and SABER software. From this first step, the power module layout design is improved by reduced parasitic impedances at high frequency (around 30 MHz). Then whole power converter is modeled in SABER by including switches (SiC MOSFET models), LISN (line impedance stabilization network), harness, and load models. I Introduction The more electrical aircraft aims to offer many benefits [1]. On the one hand, it reduces operating costs, fuel consumption and the environmental impact of the future air travel. On the other hand, the use of electrical equipment leads to advantages in terms of maintenance, power control and efficiency [2], [3]. Thanks to this concept, electrical systems should substitute conventional power sources used in aircraft. As a result, they take a significant part of the total aircraft mass. Among these systems, there are power electronic converters that control actuator energy. Different efforts are made in order to improve power electronic converter efficiency by considering new semiconductor technologies (GaN, SiC …). These efforts also allow to increase switching frequency and, operating temperature in the way to reduce passive components and cooling requirements. Within the scope of the EU research and innovation program Horizon2020 [4], the I 2 MPECT project [5] aims to bridge this gap and create synergies for the aircraft industry with other industries. The goals of the I 2 MPECT project are the following:  Increase efficiency, power density of power electronic conversion systems through the use of wide band gap devices and innovative cooling technology.  Increase reliability and efficiency by use of advanced packaging and thermal management solutions.  Enable reduced maintenance cost and increase availability by employing health-monitoring techniques.  Reduce qualification and certification cost through the availability of modularized power electronic modules. The I 2 MPECT project aims to demonstrate these achievements with a 45 kW 3-phase bidirectional DC-AC power converter featuring a power to weight ratio of 15 kW/kg at an efficiency of 99% for the power electronics core component. In this project the use of SiC MOSFET should make possible to increase switching frequency to reduce passive components size. However, high switching frequency implies EM (ElectroMagnetic) disturbances that must be taken into account in the design phase. This paper presents detailed lumped circuit model of the advanced layouts of the inverter by combining both Q3D extractor (3D EM Simulator) and SABER software (Electrical Circuit Simulator). This approach allows analysing the distribution of impedances through these layouts and act to improve layout design in order to decrease stray inductance at high frequency. The coupling between Q3D and SABER allows simulating the whole system (layout model, active component model (MOSFET), control part, LISN …). Section II explains the importance of detailed lumped circuit model for EMC analysis. In section III, the simulation approach and layout design improvement are described. The simulation results are summarized in section IV. A conclusion and perspectives are given in section V. II Simulation approach of layout circuit model To analyse EM disturbances and design EMC filters, it's necessary to model the whole power converter in order to get EM signatures. There are two main approaches to get simulation model: the first one is behavioural modelling approach [6] which is suitable when there are no details about inverter layout and it requires few computational time. However, since there is no information about impedance distribution, it is not possible to correlate EM disturbances to the layout. As a result, this technique cannot be used to improve layout. The second one is a detailed lumped circuit modelling approach based on the physics of the circuit. It is the classical way to model any electronic circuit. The interconnections like wires and printed circuit board (PCB) traces are modelled using

Published
2017

41. OTIMIZAÇÃO MULTIOBJETIVO USANDO ALGORITMO GENÉTICO DE RETIFICADORES NÃO LINEARES COM BAIXÍSSIMA POTÊNCIA DE ENTRADA

Author

da Silva, Raphaella Luiza Resende, Gonçalves, Sandro Trindade Mordente, Fonseca, Tarcísio Carlos, and Vollaire, Christian

Abstract

Este artigo apresenta a otimização multiobjetivo, empregando o Algoritmo Genético, de três topologias de retificadores não lineares: Série, Shunt e Dobrador de Tensão. Estes podem ser utilizados para coleta de energia do ar disponível em potências muito baixas. O objetivo é encontrar o melhor tipo de retificador, diodo e substrato para esta aplicação, sendo as variáveis de otimização os valores dos capacitores, impedância e carga, além das dimensões dos trechos de microfita que formam as trilhas do circuito e os ângulos das quinas de cada retificador. Os circuitos operam na frequência 2,45 GHz e a potência de entrada é de -15 dBm. O processo de otimização para cada topologia foi realizado para dois substratos diferentes: o FR4 e o Rogers 5880, além de três diodos: HSMS 2850, HSMS 2860 e HSMS 286B. Estes foram escolhidos por serem apropriados à níveis extremamente baixos de potência. Ao final da otimização, o circuito ótimo encontrado apresentou uma eficiência de aproximadamente 66% e uma tensão de saída retificada de 455 mV. Este é considerado um bom resultado, uma vez que o circuito é simples e de baixo custo. Palavras-chave: Algoritmo Genético, Captação de Energia, Otimização Multiobjetivo, Retificador de Baixa Potência

Published
2017

42. Analysis and Optimization of Ultra-Low-Power Rectifier with High Efficiency for Applications in Wireless Power Transmission and Energy Harvesting.

Author

Resende da Silva, Raphaella Luiza, Gonçalves, Sandro Trindade Mordente, Vollaire, Christian, Bréard, Arnaud, Ramos, Gláucio Lopes, and do Rego, Cássio Gonçalves

Subjects
WIRELESS power transmission, ENERGY harvesting, GENETIC algorithms, ENERGY bands, POWER transmission
Abstract

The system capable of harvesting RF energy from the environment through an antenna and converting it into direct current energy to deliver to a load is known as rectenna. The rectifier circuit is an important part of the rectenna and its modeling is arduous since it employs a non-linear device working at extremely low power levels. In addition, there are some losses in the system. Thus, the design of a high-efficient rectifier is a great challenge. In this work, several rectifier topologies are optimized, using the Genetic Algorithm, in order to achieve the highest efficiency and output voltage. An analysis of the influence of the variables on the output of these rectifiers was also performed. The topologies under investigation were optimized for -15 dBm input power and 2.45 GHz operating frequency, in accordance with the most suitable band for energy harvesting. Under these conditions, the Monodiode Series topology presents the best performance. When the input power is -15 dBm, it presents an output voltage of 402 mV and an efficiency of 51.3%. At that power level, the achieved efficiency is higher than that found in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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49. Hybrid Natural Element Boundary Element Method Applied to Solve Electromagnetic ScatteringProblem

Author

Afonso, Marcio Matias, Vasconcelos, Joao, Mesquita, Renato, Ramdane, Brahim, Maréchal, Yves, Vollaire, Christian, Krähenbühl, Laurent, CEFET-MG, Centre Fédéral de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica [Minas Gerais] (DEE - UFMG), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Laboratoire de Génie Electrique de Grenoble (G2ELab), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Ampère, Département Méthodes pour l'Ingénierie des Systèmes (MIS), Ampère (AMPERE), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Garcia, Sylvie

Subjects
[SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SPI.NRJ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power
Abstract

International audience

Published
2016

50. Reducing Electronic Device Standby Power Using a Remote Wake-Up System

Author

Fezai, Faycel, Menudier, Cyrille, Thevenot, Marc, Vollaire, Christian, Nicolas, Chevalier, Monédière, Thierry, Systèmes RF (XLIM-SRF), XLIM (XLIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ampère, Département Méthodes pour l'Ingénierie des Systèmes (MIS), Ampère (AMPERE), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Centre d'Ingénierie des Systèmes en Télécommunication, en ÉlectroMagnétisme et en Electronique (CISTEME)

Subjects
Energy consumption, [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, Substrates, Radio frequency, Receiving antennas, Directive antennas, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics
Abstract

International audience; In this article, we use a conversion chain to minimize standby-mode power consumption, detailing the different parts of the emitter and the receiver. The proposed technology is based on an efficient radio-frequency (RF) energy transfer and an RF-dc conversion circuit with a self-maintained switch that wakes up an electronic device [e.g., television (TV), home automation systems, etc.], using an integrated emitter and a receiver with performances suitable for home or industrial applications. The developed system works in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band (2.4-2.48 GHz).

Published
2016

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