Search

Persimmon peels are mostly discared as a by-product of dried persimmon manufacturing, but effective use is required as it contains various functional constituents. This study covers the preparation of carotenoid-enriched oil by ultrasound treatment of persimmon peel in soybean oil solvent, and the investigation of its physicochemical characteristics. Using the Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology, the optimal extraction conditions (temperature, 62°C; time, 32 min; and persimmon peel to oil ratio, 1:3.1) were determined based on the carotenoid concentration of the extract. The physicochemical characteristics of the extract obtained under optimal conditions and the untreated soybean oil (control) were compared. The total carotenoid content of the extract increased. The carotenoid-enriched soybean oils had a lighter color than the controls, but with high redness and yellowness values. The effect of sonication and a component of the persimmon peel on the oxidation and heating stability of soybean oil was weak. The viscosity and activation energy of carotenoid-enriched soybean oil were slightly higher than those of the control. Thus, it was possible to prepare yellow-red carotenoid-enriched soybean oil by applying ultrasonic-soybean oil solvent extraction to persimmon peel. The oil is expected to be useful as an additive as well as a substitute for general edible oils.

본 연구의 목적은 쌓기놀이를 활용한 수학적 과정 활동이 만 5세 유아의 수학능력 및 수학적 태도에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하는 목적으로 수행되었다. D시에 위치한 J유치원의 유아 26명을 실험집단에, B유치원의 유아 25명을 통제집단에 임의 할당하였다. 실험집단에는 쌓기놀이를 활용한 수학적 과정 활동을 8주간 매주 2회씩 총 16회에 걸쳐 실시하였다. 유아 그림수학능력 검사와 수학적 태도 검사를 통해 자료를 수집하였으며 쌓기놀이를 활용한 수학적 과정 활동의 효과를 검증하기 위해 공분산분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 첫째, 쌓기놀이를 활용한 수학적 과정 활동을 실시한 실험집단이 통제집단보다 수학능력 전체 점수와 하위요소인 대수, 수와 연산, 기하, 측정의 점수가 유의미하게 높았다. 또한 수학적 태도에서도 실험집단의 점수가 통제집단의 점수보다 유의미하게 높았다. 이러한 연구결과는 만 5세 유아의 수학능력과 수학적 태도를 향상시키기 위해 쌓기놀이에 수학적 과정 활동을 적용하는 것이 가능함을 시사한다.

This study explores Mikhail Bakhtin’s notion of ideological becoming (IB) in a bilingual (Korean and English) kindergarten classroom. For Bakhtin, IB is the process of appropriating authoritative discourse as one’s own dialogic interactions. In our study, we view the literacy and language discourses of schooling as one type of authoritative discourse that students appropriate as their own in the process of IB. Additionally, Bakhtin’s focus on language is extended in our study to include other modes of communication, such sounds, symbols, gestures, drawings, and artifacts that children use to make meaning with each other. The study found that students’ appropriation of the authoritative discourse of schooling relied on multimodal forms of communication as part and parcel to the process of IB. Thus, this study illuminates how oral languages (in this case, Korean or English or the informal patois combining the two) provide only one mode in the complex process of internalizing authoritative discourse;...

Desflurane is the most pungent of the currently used volatile anesthetics. We assessed whether the incidence of perioperative upper respiratory events in children undergoing general anesthesia via a supraglottic airway is higher with desflurane than with sevoflurane as maintenance anesthetic.We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the electronic medical records of consecutive children 1 to 15 years of age who underwent general anesthesia via a supraglottic airway at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital between June 2013 and June 2015. The patients were assigned to the sevoflurane or desflurane group according to the anesthetic used. The characteristics of the patients were compared. The primary outcome variable was the incidence of upper respiratory events.The incidence of upper respiratory events in the 3439 evaluated patients was 0.43% (12/2777) in the sevoflurane group and 0.30% (2/662) in the desflurane group (P = 0.75; odds ratio = 0.69 [95% confidence interval = 0.16-3.13]). The difference between the 2 groups was not significant.Compared with sevoflurane, desflurane does not increase the risk of perioperative upper respiratory events in children receiving general anesthesia via a supraglottic airway.