Search

Our aim was to explore the patterns of intrinsic capacity (IC) impairments among community-dwelling older adults and the associations of these different patterns with excessive polypharmacy, potentially inappropriate medications, and adverse drug reactions in a nationwide population-based study.A cross-sectional study included older adults from the Taiwan Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) program in 2020.The study subjects comprised 38,308 adults aged 65 years and older who participated in the ICOPE Step 1 screening and assessed six domains of IC following the World Health Organization (WHO) ICOPE approach.Latent class analysis was adopted to identify distinct subgroups with different IC impairments patterns. The associations between different IC impairments patterns and unfavorable medication utilization, including excess polypharmacy (EPP), potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs), and adverse drug reactions (ADRs), were assessed by multivariate logistic regression models.Latent class analysis identified five distinct subgroups with different IC impairment patterns: robust (latent class prevalence: 59.4%), visual impairment (17.7%), physio-cognitive decline (PCD) with sensory impairment (12.3%), depression with cognitive impairment (7.7%), and impairments in all domains (2.9%). Compared to the robust group, all other groups were at higher odds for unfavorable medication utilization. The "depression with cognitive impairment" group (EPP: aOR=4.35, 95% CI 3.52-5.39, plt;0.01; PIMs: aOR=2.73, 95% CI 2.46-3.02, plt;0.01) and the "impairment in all domains" group (EPP: aOR=9.02, 95% CI 7.16-11.37, plt;0.01; PIMs: aOR=3.75, 95% CI 3.24-4.34, plt;0.01) remained at higher odds for EPP and PIMs after adjustment.We identified five distinct impairment patterns of IC, and each impairment pattern, particularly the "depression with cognitive impairment" and "impairment in all domains", was associated with higher odds of EPP and PIMs. Further longitudinal and intervention studies are needed to explore long-term outcomes of different impairment pattern and their reversibility.

A new phenylalkanoid, 1-dehydro-3-hydro-[2]-gingerdione (1), was isolated from the rhizomes of Alpinia galanga (Zingiberaceae). The structure of the new phenylalkanoid was elucidated from chemical and physical evidence.

For gold recovery, a Chinese refractory, high-sulfur gold concentrate was subjected to biooxidation with high pulp density in a single stirred-tank reactor. The flotation concentrate contained 36.9 percent sulfur (S) and 33.9 percent iron (Fe). Different experimental regimes for biooxidation were applied. With a mixed culture and by controlling the amount of addition of the gold ores and the pH of the biooxidation system, maximum iron oxidation of 82.6 percent and sulfur oxidation of 79.3 percent were achieved. The experimental results indicate that the pH control was beneficial to the biooxidation of this concentrate. Approximately 28.4 percent of elemental sulfur (S8) was found in the oxidizing slags. Two dissolution mechanisms of elemental sulfur are proposed: (1) FeS2 → S80 → S2O32− → SO42− and (2) FeS2 → S80 → SO42−. The high pH had a positive effect on the reduction of the S8. The results of thermodynamic analysis indicate that as an oxidant the dissolved oxygen can effectively reduce the Gibbs free energy of the pyrite oxidation process and, compared with the reaction of ferric iron as the single oxidant, the oxidation of pyrite is easier. The efficiency of the gold recovery was related to the iron oxidation as well as the sulfur oxidation. Gold and silver recoveries of 92.4 percent and 66.4 percent, respectively, were achieved.

The font size effect on judgments of learning (JOLs) refers to the fact that people give higher JOLs to large than to small font size words, despite font size having no effect on retention. The effect is important because it spotlights a process dissociation between metacognitive judgments about memory and memory performance itself. Previous research has proposed a fluency theory to account for this effect, but this theory has been contradicted by a recent study which found no difference in response times (RTs) – and hence fluency – in a lexical decision task between large and small words (Mueller, Dunlosky, Tauber, & Rhodes, 2014). In the current research, we further tested the fluency theory by employing a continuous identification (CID) task in Experiment 1 and by explicitly comparing the CID and lexical decision tasks in Experiment 2. We show that lexical decision is an inappropriate instrument for measuring differences in perceptual fluency. The CID task, in contrast, provides direct evidence that the stimulus size effect on JOLs is substantially mediated by perceptual fluency. Experiment 3 found that fluency is at least as important as beliefs about font size in contributing to the font size effect on JOLs.

For the first time, CMOS inverters and 6T-SRAM cells based on vertically stacked gate-all-around complementary FETs (CFETs) are experimentally demonstrated. Manufacturing difficulties of vertically stacked source and drain electrodes of the CFETs have been overcome by using junctionless transistors, thereby reducing the number of lithographic steps required. Furthermore, with post metallization treatments, both the voltage transfer characteristics (VTCs) of CMOS inverters and butterfly curves of SRAM show significant improvements due to the symmetry of nMOS and pMOS threshold voltages. Simulation shows that 3-dimensional CFET inverters have lower input parasitic capacitance than standard 2-dimensional CMOS, leading to reduced gate delay and lower power consumption.

Poor surface roughness may reduce the safety and the stability of the parts, to analyse the relationship between cutting parameters and surface roughness is significative to increase the machining quality of SiCp/Al composites. In this paper, the influences of tool rake angle, cutting speed and cutting depth on the surface roughness of SiCp/Al composites were studied by the two dimension cutting experiments. The Ra values were measured by using type TR200 roughness machine. The results indicate that tool rake angle and cutting depth are the main parameters which affect the surface roughness while cutting speed has no significant effects on the surface roughness.

Low-cost adsorbents, e.g., cow manure-based carbon, provide alternatives to remove veterinary antibiotic sulfamethazine (SMT) from contaminated water bodies. In this study, the chemical structures and compositions of cow manure (CM) carbonized at 400, 600, and 800 °C (CM400, CM600, and CM800) were examined using elemental analyzer (EA), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, and spectroscopic techniques. Adsorptions of SMT on CM samples were conducted as functions of pH, hydrophobicity, and ionic strengths. Results of EA and spectroscopic analyses suggested that the raw CM and CM400 samples contained the highest amounts of O-containing groups and aliphatic domains. Amounts of such two chemical groups decreased as carbonization temperatures increased. The specific surface areas and total pore volumes of CM samples increased significantly when the carbonization temperatures exceeded 600 °C. SMT adsorption on CM samples could be described essentially by the pseudo-second-order kinetic, intra-particle diffusion, and Freundlich isotherm models. Low pH and ionic strength were favorable for SMT adsorption in CM samples, particularly for the CM800, because a strong π +–π electron donor–acceptor interaction (π +–π EDA) was formed between SMT and CM surfaces enriched with hydrophobic domains. Further, the high adsorption affinity of SMT to the CM600 and CM800 samples was attributed in part to their larger surface areas and total pore volumes. Generally, CM-based materials carbonized >600 °C showed relatively stable structures and exhibited strong aromatic properties. Moreover, maximum adsorption capacities of SMT on the CM800 sample (37–39 mM/kg) were significantly higher than those of other common adsorbents (0.02–35.93 mM/kg).

The geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste (hereinafter referred to "geological disposal") is a long-term, complex, and systematic scientific project, whose data and information resources in the research and development ((hereinafter referred to "R&D") process provide the significant support for R&D of geological disposal system, and lay a foundation for the long-term stability and safety assessment of repository site. However, the data related to the research and engineering in the sitting of the geological disposal repositories is more complicated (including multi-source, multi-dimension and changeable), the requirements for the data accuracy and comprehensive application has become much higher than before, which lead to the fact that the data model design of geo-information database for the disposal repository are facing more serious challenges. In the essay, data resources of the pre-selected areas of the repository has been comprehensive controlled and systematic analyzed. According to deeply understanding of the application requirements, the research work has made a solution for the key technical problems including reasonable classification system of multi-source data entity, complex logic relations and effective physical storage structures. The new solution has broken through data classification and conventional spatial data the organization model applied in the traditional industry, realized the data organization and integration with the unit of data entities and spatial relationship, which were independent, holonomic and with application significant features in HLW geological disposal. The reasonable, feasible and flexible data conceptual models, logical models and physical models have been established so as to ensure the effective integration and facilitate application development of multi-source data in pre-selected areas for geological disposal.