Search

Tropical beef cattle production involving animals grazing in a shaded and biologically diverse environment, surrounded by high-quality edible biomass, is achievable through silvopastoral systems (SPSs). However, it is necessary to assess the effects of the presence of trees on forage and animal performance over time. In the Brazilian Cerrado, we evaluated the effects of 2 densities of eucalyptus trees in 2 SPSs (8 years of age - SPS22: 227 trees/ha; SPS14: 357 trees/ha) on forage morphology, production and nutritive value of Urochloa brizantha cv. BRS Piatã grass plus performance of Nellore heifers, compared with a grass-only pasture, over a year from 2015 to 2016. On the one hand, SPSs improved (P

Os sistemas silvipastoris são uma modalidade dos sistemas agroflorestais, onde a produção animal, forrageira e arbórea encontra-se em consórcio na mesma área, no mesmo tempo. Objetivo-se com este trabalho esclarecer as interações entre os fatores biótipos e abiótipos em sistemas silvipastoris. A maior parte da produção da pecuária bovina no Brasil baseia-se na utilização de pastagens. No Brasil, há mais de 100 milhões de hectares com pastagens cultivadas, cerca de 80% dessas pastagens encontram-se em algum grau de degradação. Uma alternativa para a recuperação dessas pastagens de forma sustentável é o uso de sistemas silvipastoris. Entretanto os sistemas sombreados são muito dinâmicos e podem modificar a estrutura do pasto de forma significativa quanto a quantidade e a qualidade da forrageira produzida com reflexos na produção animal, principalmente em razão da competição por luz, água e nutrientes. Made available in DSpace on 2020-01-08T00:42:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sistemassilvipastorisumaabordagemsobreainteracao.pdf: 300577 bytes, checksum: 3836ed964007f91440885160a39d7733 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Some events in recent years have weakened consumers’ trust regarding food safety in a number of countries, including bird flu, hormones and residue of veterinary medicine in meat and, more recently, Operation Weak Flesh. COVID-19 also led to a focus on the urgent need to seek strict production standards that ensure food safety. In this scenario of uncertainty, traceability and certification could be useful tools to improve the perception of trust and safety in production processes. Thus, the aim of this study is to analyze the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the purchase intention of certified beef. A quantitative study was conducted with 862 Brazilian consumers. The data were treated using structural equation modeling. The results show that the level of subjective knowledge of certification is related to the importance attributed to traceability and purchase intention. The concern towards legality of slaughterhouses and to traceability was shown to be related to purchase intention. Furthermore, the higher the level of concern over COVID-19, the more important the influence of traceability becomes with regard to meat purchase intention.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics, chemical composition and in vitro gas production of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) cultivars used in ruminant feed. The experimental design was a randomized block containing seven treatments and three replications totaling 21 plots. The cultivars RB835436, RB925211, RB925345, RB937570, RB945961, RB955970 e SP91-1049 was evaluated for dry matter, dry matter yield, stalk percentage, stalk tons per hectare, plant height, stalk diameter, number of tillers per linear meter, mass per stem, soluble solids content (BRIX), NDF/BRIX ratio and tons of sucrose/ha, total digestible nutrients, digestible energy, metabolizable energy, net energy and in vitro digestibility of organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent, of digestion and In vitro gas production of non-fibrous carbohydrates, latency time, digestion rate and gas production of fibrous carbohydrates, and in vitro digestibility of organic matter. There was a significant difference between the cultivars regarding the neutral detergent fiber content, in vitro digestibility of organic matter, total digestible nutrients, digestible energy, net energy, degradation rates of fibrous and non-fibrous carbohydrates and latency period. There was a negative correlation between stem percentage and NDF/BRIX and positive correlation between in vitro digestibility of organic matter and total digestible nutrients. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and mean test by Scott-Knott and Pearson's correlation analysis. The statistical program used was SAEG 2000. The RB835486 variety was superior to the other cultivars, as it presented 93.28% of stem, 57.5% of in vitro digestibility of organic matter, NDF / BRIX ratio of 2.68, 43.78% NDF, latency period 2.86h and fibrous carbohydrate degradation rate of 2.26% per hour. Therefore, this cultivar was better indicated for animal feeding between May and July in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil.

Integrated-crop-livestock-forestry (ICLF) systems are currently promoted as a measure for sustainable intensification of agricultural production. However, due to complex interactions among ICLF components, we are still lacking evidence about the system’s resilience regarding water availability, especially for regions characterized by pronounced wet and dry seasons and frequent droughts. For a mature ICLF system in the Cerrado biome of central-west Brazil comprising rows of eucalyptus trees (Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, H13 clone) at a spacing of 22 m in combination with Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piatã pasture we continuously measured soil moisture (SM) until 1 m depth and supported this data with measurements of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and aboveground green grass biomass (AGBM) across transects between the tree rows for almost two years. Across the seasons a distinct gradient was observed with SM being lower close to the tree rows than in the space between them. During winter SM decreased to critical values near the tree lines in the topsoil. During spring and summer, incident PAR was 72% and 86% lower close to the trees than at the center point. For autumn and winter PAR was more evenly distributed between the tree rows due to inclination with notably up to four times more radiation input near the tree lines compared to spring and summer. AGBM showed a clear distribution with maximum values in the center and about half of the biomass close to the tree rows. Our data suggest that, restrictions in AGBM accumulation shifted among seasons between water limitations in winter and light limitations during summer. Interestingly, SM changes during wetting and drying events were most pronounced in subsoils near the tree rows, while the topsoil showed much less fluctuations. The subsoil in central position showed the lowest SM dynamics in response to drought maintaining a relative high and constant SM content, therefore functioning as important water reservoirs likely improving the resilience of the system to drought stress. Results of this study could help to improve management and the design of ICLF systems in view of sustainability and resistance to (water) crises but should be further supported by in depth analysis of soil water dynamics as affected by climate gradients, soil types and different management practices.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of forage sorghum when intercropped with piatã grass and cultivated in eucalyptus sub-forest. The experiment was carried out at the Embrapa Gado de Corte, in Campo Grande - MS. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main treatments were: monoculture (single sorghum); intercropping (simultaneous sowing of sorghum + piatã grass). The secondary treatments were composed by the sampling sites, with five sites equidistant between the rows of eucalyptus trees (CLFI), with full sun as a control (CLI). The percentage of shading was always higher than 30% in the sub-forest, and the overall average of the system with 63% shade, even after 50% thinning of eucalyptus trees. The intercropping with the grass, an interesting fact, did not affect sorghum grain yield, since it validates the potential of forage sorghum for use in intercropping with perennial grasses, with average grain yield of 2,404.63 kg ha-1. Regarding the sampling sites, it was observed a higher yield in the full sun with 3,283 kg ha-1. The weight of 100 grains was higher for sorghum in monoculture. On the other hand, the upper W1000 was observed at sites A and C. The weight of 1000 grains is considered stable, being affected only under conditions of stress during grain formation. The sorghum intercropped with the piatã grass did not influence the harvest index (HI), while in the shaded environment there was an increase in the harvest index in relation to the full sun. Made available in DSpace on 2020-01-11T00:41:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SorghumIntercroppedwithPiataGrass.pdf: 226154 bytes, checksum: ed642bb6781e275accc485298dc1ff14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

The objective was to evaluate vaginal temperature as a thermoregulatory response of Nellore heifers under different microclimatic conditions. The study was conducted during one year in an experimental area located at 54?370W, 20?270S, and 530 m of altitude in Brazil. Twenty-four Nellore females were reared in integrated crop-livestock-forestry systems with different shading patterns. The randomized complete block experimental design was utilized with a sub subdivided plots scheme, with plot corresponding to the production systems, the subplot to the season of the year, and the sub subplot, the hours of the day. To characterize the microclimate, data regarding air and black globe temperatures, and air relative humidity were collected and from them, temperature-humidity index was calculated. Vaginal temperature was obtained by using a bottom-type temperature logger (i-button) attached to an adapted intravaginal device. The black-globe temperature explained the variation on vaginal temperature. Increases on vaginal temperature were only observed, on average, two hours after the increase of black-globe temperature. The microclimatic conditions found in the systems, resulting from the various tree densities, modify the vaginal temperature in different degrees, demonstrating that the shading effect is not always accompanied by improvements in thermal comfort. The system with intermediate density showed a better microclimatic condition and, consequently, a lower increase in vaginal temperature. The interaction between air temperature, humidity and solar radiation resulted in adverse environmental conditions, however, Nellore heifers showed good adaptation to the environment. In conclusion, vaginal temperature is a good indicator to evaluate the thermoregulatory response in Nellore heifers. Made available in DSpace on 2020-01-08T18:20:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vaginaltemperatureasindicative.pdf: 1296009 bytes, checksum: 10bf99cb04ab7f975e9c80292e682fc4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Objetivou-se, neste estudo, avaliar diferentes sistemas de recuperação e/ou renovação de pastagens sobre o desempenho de novilhos da raça Nelore. Foi adotado o delineamento em blocos casualizados com os quatro tratamentos em esquema de parcela subdividida, com quatro repetições. No qual o tratamento principal foram os sistemas de recuperação de pastagem (sete tratamentos) e tratamento secundário (tempo). Os tratamentos foram denominados: Recuperação de pastagem através da aplicação de calcário e adubação superficial a lanço sem incorporação; II- Recuperação de pastagens por meio de subsolagem mais a aplicação de calcário e adubação a lanço sem incorporação; III - Plantio direto de Stylozantes guianensis cv. Campo grande com Brachiaria brizantha; IV - Renovação de pastagens através da implantação do arroz (Oriza sativa L.) e braquiária (B. brizantha); V - Renovação de pastagens através cultivo convencional de soja e posterior implantação de pastagem pelo sistema de plantio direto com B. Brizantha. Para avaliar a produção por animal e por área, os bovinos foram pesados a cada 60 dias, após o jejum prévio de 18 horas. Para o sistema de recuperação de pastagem através da aplicação de calcário e adubação superficial a lanço sem incorporação promoveu maior capacidade de suporte da braquiária e maior ganho de peso dos animais.

SUMMARY This study aimed to evaluate the pasture productive and nutritional characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piatã in integrated systems with different densities of trees. Considering as plot the systems: integrated crop-livestock-forest with rows of trees (eucalyptus) spaced at 14 m and 357 trees ha-1 (ICLF-14m), ICLF with rows of trees spaced at 22 m and 227 trees ha-1 (ICLF-22m) and the integrated crop-livestock (ICL) with five remaining native trees ha-1; period of the year as subplots, and sampling points as subsubplots (A, B C, D, and E) arranged perpendicular to trees alleys. It was evaluated the production of forage and leaf blade dry mass, leaf:stem ratio, soil coverage, radiation photosynthetically active interception, canopy height, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), in vitro digestibility of organic matter (IVDOM) of the leaf blade, and stem associated with the leaf sheath. There was a significant difference (P

One of the challenges for cattle management under extensive grazing systems is understanding how time spent in different individual activities is affected by factors like microclimate and forage quality and availability. The goal of this study is to understand how different tree densities and grazing management can influence the daytime behaviour of Nellore heifers (Bos indicus) kept in silvopastoral systems over a period of 12 months, covering one dry and one rainy season in Central Brazil. Eighty heifers were distributed between three silvopastoral systems with 357, 227 and 5 trees/ha, respectively, each divided into four 1.5 ha paddocks, grazing Piata grass with low (27 ± 4.6 cm) or high (39 ± 5.8 cm) sward heights, and with constant microclimate monitoring. Temperatures recorded were similar between seasons, characterizing an atypical dry period. The use of shade for grazing occurs preferably in the afternoon (72.0 min) and rumination in the morning (47.5 min). The effect of period of the day (P

The aim of the current study is to assess three integrated systems presenting different eucalyptus tree densities due to animal and forage production. The following integrated systems were assessed: crop-livestock-forest with 357 eucalyptus trees ha-1 (ICLF1); crop-livestock-forest with 227 eucalyptus trees ha-1 (ICLF2); and crop-livestock with 5 remnant native trees ha-1 (ICL). The randomized block experimental design was applied in a split-plot scheme with four replicates. The Average Daily Gain (ADG, g animal-1day-1) and the live-weight gain per area (LWG, kg ha-1) were applied to analyze animal performance, which was set by weighing the animals every 28 days (the animals previously fasted for 16h). Forage yield was higher in ICL during fall and winter; in summer, it did not differ from ICLF2. There was no forage yield difference between the ICL and ICLF2 systems in any of the assessed seasons; summer was more productive in ILPF1 than other seasons. The highest leaf crude protein contents (CP) in summer was recorded in systems ICLF1 and ICLF2, and the highest value recorded in fall was found in ILPF1; the lowest was found in ILP. On the other hand, the highest leaf NDF contents in summer were found in ILP. The highest ADG were found in summer. The highest LWG values recorded for the ICL and ICLF2 systems were collected in summer and fall; there was no difference in any of the three systems in winter. The LWG was higher in all system in summer. The ICLF2 emerged as the system (with trees) most appropriate for beef cattle production. Despite the shading interference on forage production, such condition is compensated by the best nutritional contents such as CP. The ICLF2 system allowing an annual LWG of 83% in relation to the ICL system during the fifth year of establishment of the systems.

The objective was to evaluate the animal thermal comfort indices from two integrated crop-livestock-forestry (ICLF) systems. For this, temperature–humidity index (THI), black globe temperature and humidity index (BGHI), and the radiant thermal load (RTL) were assessed. Two ICLF (ICLF-1 and ICLF-2) systems and one control system were established. On the ICLF systems, the arboreal component was the eucalyptus tree (Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla; H13 clone), planted in simple wide-spaced rows. The ICLF-1 system had a tree spacing of 14 × 2 m with 357 trees per hectare, and the ICLF-2 had a tree spacing of 22 × 2 m with 227 trees per hectare. The control system had five scattered native trees per hectare, pertaining to Gochnatia and Dipteryx species. The forage component in all three systems was piata-grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piata). The experimental design was a randomized block in a sub-subplot design scheme with four replications. The presence of shade provided by the trees offered better conditions of animal comfort when compared with the condition of full sun. The ICLF-1 system, with higher tree density, provided better indicators for thermal comfort, THI, BGHI, and RTL when compared with the condition of full sun, while ICLF-2 was no different than ICLF-1 for BGHI.

Agrosilvopastoral system is a type of production that involves the soil-forage-animal interface, both of which are benefited by the system. Hence, the present study evaluated the effects of agrosilvopastoral system on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics from pasture, and the animal performance during the feeding period of Nellore heifers. The treatments included: Soil-forage-animal – 357 eucalyptus trees per hectare (LFA14x2m); Soil-forage-animal – 227 eucalyptus trees per hectare (LFA22x2m); and Soil-animal – Five native trees remaining per hectare (CON). The forage used was Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piatã and having as trees planted the Eucalyptus urograndis clones H 13. Treatment effects (P 0.05) for average daily gain, while in November period, LFA14x2m treatment showed the lowest value (P 0,05) para la ganancia diaria promedio, mientras que, en noviembre, el tratamiento LFA14x2m tuvo el valor más bajo (P0,05) para ganho médio diário, enquanto no período de novembro, o tratamento LFA14x2m apresentou o menor valor (P

There is a concern about the growing population and limitation in natural resources which are taking the population to direct its agricultural systems into a more productive and efficient activity, looking to avoid a negative impact on the surrounding environment. The industry energy expended to produce nitrogen (N)-fertilizer is considered an indirect consumption of energy in agriculture, which is higher with an increasing forage yield. Nitrogen is the key nutrient associated with high-yielding production in forage grass and grain crops. The aim of this chapter is to introduce the best management practices (BMPs) for N-fertilizer application in forage grasses to improve N-use efficiency, since the most economical way to feed livestock is forage plants where its potential biomass production is not well explored. The BMPs basically follow three management practices: (1) soil nutrient availability and forage requirement, (2) fertilizer application, and (3) decrease in nutrient losses from soil. In order to take a decision on applying N-fertilizer to accomplish forage grasses production with social, economic, and environmental benefits, the N-fertilizer use in forage grasses is going to follow the ?Right rate, Right source, Right place, and Right time (4R) nutrient stewardship.? The application of the 4R?s nutrients stewardship is directly associated with economic, social, and environmental impact. The capacity of the 4R?s implementation worldwide turns into a best guide to improve the striving of better N-use efficiency in forage grass. The 4R?s are interrelated; thus, the recommendation of N-fertilizer rates cannot be prescribed without the combination of the 4R?s where a whole system to be followed should be considered to decide about N-fertilizer in pasture. Consequently, any decision in one of the 4R?s is going to affect the expected N-fertilizer results and dry matter production.

Peltophorum dubium can be an alternative of forestry species to be included in integrated crop-livestock-forestry systems in tropical region. The aim of this research was to evaluate the performance of P. dubium under intraspecific tree competition and cardinal directions to measure the possibility of introduction in integrated livestock-forestry systems. The experiment was performed in a Nelder Wheel competition, which is used in forestry research to test tree competition. The experimental design was factorial (10×2×5) with 12 replicates. The treatments were accomplished by ten tree competitions (159, 201, 255, 322, 408, 516, 653, 827, 1,046 and 1,324 trees ha-1), two cardinal directions (North-South and East-West) and five times after planting (12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 months). The highest tree competition (1,342 trees ha-1) in 36 months after planting, promoted increase in the cylindrical volume of the tree in both North-South and East-West cardinal directions. Nevertheless, the cardinal direction East-West was profitable to increase tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH), cylindrical volume per tree and cylindrical volume per hectare. The DBH measured in 24 months after planting was 5.0 cm, which is considered the minimum DBH to introduce livestock into the integrated system without significant damage on trees. Regarding these preliminary results in the first three years, P. dubium was promising as Brazilian native species to be inserted in integrated livestock-forestry system or single forestry as an option for Eucalyptus spp. Key words: Forestry, dendrometry, Nelder Wheel, integrated systems, agroforestry

The aim of this study was to model the individual height and volume of eucalyptus wood in two integrated crop-livestock-forest systems (ICLF1 and ICLF2) in Campo Grande, a city in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Classic nonlinear growth models were adjusted for height (Logistic, Gompertz, Richards, Weibull, Van Bertalanffy, Brody, Mitscherlich, and Chapman and Richards) and volume (Shumacher-hall nonlinear, Takata, Honner, Logistic, Gompertz, and Weibull) in two structural arrangements: ICLF1, with a spacing of 14 x 2 m and density of 357 trees ha-1, and ICLF2, with a spacing of 22 x 2 m and density of 227 trees ha-1. Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) measurements were performed in 100% of trees, with measurements of the total height of some individuals and a rigorous scaling procedure in diameter classes. According to the calculated value of Student's t-test, there was no significant evidence that DBH and the average height of the trees were different between ICLF1 and ICLF2. Based on the Akaike information criterion (AIC), the corrected Akaike information criterion (AICC) and the Bayesian information criterion (BIC), the Richards model was selected to estimate heights and the Takata model was selected to estimate the volume.

Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a produtividade e o valor nutritivo das gramíneas forrageiras tropicais: Brachiaria brizantha cvs. Piatã, Xaraés e Marandu, Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça e B. ruziziensis cv. Kennedy, em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária (ILP), na segunda safra, buscando novas alternativas de produção de forragem para alimentação animal no outono-inverno. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso em esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos das parcelas corresponderam às cinco forrageiras, às subparcelas corrresponderam a três sistemas de cultivo (monocultivo, consórcio com milho sem supressão e consórcio com milho com supressão), e às sub-subparcelas, quatro intervalos de corte das forrageiras (50, 90, 125 e 195 dias após a emergência, DAE). O experimento foi conduzido no período de fevereiro a setembro de 2014. As produtividades de matéria seca, obtidas aos 195 DAE, referentes aos três sistemas de cultivo (monocultivo, consórcio sem supressão e com supressão), foram de 18,45; 7,15 e 3,05 t ha-1, respectivamente, e os teores de proteína bruta da lâmina foliar das forrageiras decresceram linearmente entre os intervalos de corte, de 50 a 195 DAE, de 19,95 % para 9,70%. O cultivo de forrageiras tropicais em sistemas integrados na segunda safra produz forragem de alta qualidade e quantidade para o outono-inverno. As gramíneas tropicais Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça e Brachiaria brizantha cvs. Xaraés e Piatã apresentaram maior produtividade de folhas e proteína bruta, em comparação às demais forrageiras em estudo. Em termos de valor nutritivo, Brachiaria ruziziensis cv. Kennedy foi superior aos capins Mombaça e Xaraés, porém apresentou menores produtividades de matéria seca total, folha e proteína bruta. De maneira geral, os capins Xaraés, Piatã e Mombaça são os mais indicados para o cultivo na segunda safra em sistema de ILP visando a produção de forragem para alimentação animal.

The objective of this paper was to perform a microclimate evaluation and determine the indexes of thermal comfort indexes, in sun and shade, in integrated crop-livestock-forest systems with different arrangements of eucalyptus and native trees, in the Brazilian Midwest. The experiment was conducted at Embrapa Beef Cattle in Campo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, from July to September 2013. The evaluations were conducted on four consecutive days, from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., local time (GMT -4:00), with 1 hour intervals, recording the microclimate parameters: air temperature (°C), black globe temperature (°C), wet bulb temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), and wind speed (m.s-1), for the subsequent calculation of the Temperature and Humidity Index, the Black Globe Temperature and Humidity Index, and the Radiant Thermal Load. The largest changes in microclimate parameters were found in the full sun, between 12:00 p.m. and 1:00 p.m., in less dense eucalyptus system, followed by the scattered native trees system, resulting in a maximum Temperature and Humidity Index of 81, Black Globe Temperature and Humidity Index of 88 and Radiant Thermal Load of 794 W m-2. Therefore, it is observed that with the presence of trees in pastures were possible reductions of up to 3.7 % in Temperature and Humidity Index, 10.2 % in the Black Globe Temperature and Humidity Index, and 28.3 % of the Radiant Thermal Load in the shade. Thus, one can conclude that the presence of trees and their arrangement in the systems provide better microclimate conditions and animal thermal comfort in pastures.

No primeiro experimento, foram avaliados 60 novilhos de corte da raça Canchim (composto 5/8 Charolês x 3/8 Zebu) distribuídos em 5 tratamentos representados pelo tipo de sistema de criação em pastagem (EXT = Extensivo; INT = Intensivo; ILP = Integração lavoura-pecuária; ILPF = Integração lavoura pecuária-floresta; IPF = Integração pecuária-floresta), com peso inicial 255 ± 7kg. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho, características de carcaça, a produtividade animal por área, e relacioná-los a emissão de metano entérico de novilhos de corte em diferentes sistemas de produção em pastagem. O experimento foi executado na Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos/SP, avaliando as quatro estações do ano, pelo período de dois anos consecutivos. O segundo experimento foi realizado na instituição Rothamsted Research - North Wyke localizada em Okehampton no sul da Inglaterra, onde foram avaliados 60 bovinos de corte (novilhos e novilhas, de uma raça estabilizada composta por Hereford, Red Angus, Simental e Gelbvie), com peso inicial de 476 ± 51 kg, distribuídos em dois tipos de sistemas de criação a pasto (adubado e consorciado) que corresponderam aos tratamentos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo testar a hipótese de que o gado criado em diferentes tipos de pastagem de gramíneas C3 (adubada ou consociada) pode expressar diferente desempenho e emissões de CH4 ruminal. Os animais foram acompanhados por 5 períodos para determinação do desempenho produtivo, estimativa do consumo e emissão de CH4 entérico. Os dados em ambos experimentos foram analisados utilizando o SAS 9.4 (SAS Inst, Inc., Cary, NC). Após verificada a normalidade dos resíduos pelo teste Shapiro-Wilk, os dados foram análisados seguindo o procedimento para modelos mistos. As médias foram separadas pelo teste Tukey e os efeitos foram considerados significativos quando p0,05) diferente entre os sistemas (EXT = 1,6; INT = 0,6; ILP = 0,8; ILPF = 1,1; IPF = 0,7). Foi observada interação sistema*estação para as variáveis taxa de lotação (UA/ha), ganho médio diário (GMD), e a emissão de metano estimada em relação ao GMD. Ainda, a intensidade de emissão de CH4 calculada em relação a produção de carcaça (kg CH4/kg de carcaça eq.) também foi significativamente diferente (p

Made available in DSpace on 2021-12-22T02:14:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 814-2487-3-PB.pdf: 472972 bytes, checksum: 51674d1dcaeb9c3c52d27d82f4367f88 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

solids content (BRIX), NDF/BRIX ratio and tons of sucrose/ha, total digestible nutrients, digestible energy, metabolizable energy, net energy and in vitro digestibility of organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent, of digestion and In vitro gas production of nonfibrous carbohydrates, latency time, digestion rate and gas production of fibrous carbohydrates, and in vitro digestibility of organic matter. There was a significant difference between the cultivars regarding the neutral detergent fiber content, in vitro digestibility of organic matter, total digestible nutrients, digestible energy, net energy, degradation rates of fibrous and non-fibrous carbohydrates and latency period. There was a negative correlation between stem percentage and NDF/BRIX and positive correlation between in vitro digestibility of organic matter and total digestible nutrients. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and mean test by Scott-Knott and Pearson's correlation analysis. The statistical program used was SAEG 2000. The RB835486 variety was superior to the other cultivars, as it presented 93.28% of stem, 57.5% of in vitro digestibility of organic matter, NDF / BRIX ratio of 2.68, 43.78% NDF, latency period 2.86h and fibrous carbohydrate degradation rate of 2.26% per hour. Therefore, this cultivar was better indicated for animal feeding between May and July in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Made available in DSpace on 2019-12-31T00:39:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AgronomicCharacteristicsChemicalComposition.pdf: 206939 bytes, checksum: a5fd510bdd2531500815cd08e8d9f928 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

The aim of this study was to model the individual height and volume of eucalyptus wood in two integrated crop-livestock-forest systems (ICLF1 and ICLF2) in Campo Grande, a city in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Classic nonlinear growth models were adjusted for height (Logistic, Gompertz, Richards, Weibull, Van Bertalanffy, Brody, Mitscherlich, and Chapman and Richards) and volume (Shumacher-hall nonlinear, Takata, Honner, Logistic, Gompertz, and Weibull) in two structural arrangements: ICLF1, with a spacing of 14 x 2 m and density of 357 trees ha-1, and ICLF2, with a spacing of 22 x 2 m and density of 227 trees ha-1. Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) measurements were performed in 100% of trees, with measurements of the total height of some individuals and a rigorous scaling procedure in diameter classes. According to the calculated value of Student's t-test, there was no significant evidence that DBH and the average height of the trees were different between ICLF1 and ICLF2. Based on the Akaike information criterion (AIC), the corrected Akaike information criterion (AICC) and the Bayesian information criterion (BIC), the Richards model was selected to estimate heights and the Takata model was selected to estimate the volume. Made available in DSpace on 2019-12-31T00:39:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Modelingtheindividualheightandvolumeoftwointegrated.pdf: 528319 bytes, checksum: 68dca323bfa15a76e0f6192825b664e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

This research aimed to evaluate the maize grain yield and forage of grass species under intercropping system using nicosulfuron herbicide. In order to assess the parameters related to maize, a randomized block design was defined. The treatments were arranged in a (5 × 2+ 1) × 2 factorial design with four repetitions resulting in 11 treatments, where maize was cultivated under intercropping condition with different forage species (5) (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, Piatã, Xaraés, Brachiaria ruziziensis and Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça) and maize monoculture (1) as control treatment, with and without nicosulfuron herbicide application (2) in two growing seasons (2014 and 2015). The off-season intercropping of maize with tropical forage grasses with and without herbicide suppression decreased maize grain yield. The suppression with nicosulfuron herbicide decreased the dry matter production of forage grasses. Intercropping of P. maximum cv. Mombaça with maize showed higher decrease in maize grain yield. On the other hand, it showed higher forage grasses production for livestock feeding. B. brizantha cv. Piatã was the forage which less affected maize grain yield under intercropping, even with absence of nicosulfuron suppression. Off-season maize under intercropping with tropical forages can be used to recover degraded pastures; increasing forage dry matter production for livestock, remaining the soil covered with straws with possibility of no-till seeding for the next cultivation. Made available in DSpace on 2020-01-08T00:41:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Yieldofmaizeandtropicalgrasses.pdf: 843647 bytes, checksum: 24ca13307d4e4a10b151acead737defd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

This study aimed to assess productivity and nutritional value of the tropical grasses Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatã, Xaraés, and Marandu, Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, and B. ruziziensis cv. Kennedy in the interseason of an integrated crop-livestock (ICL) system since alternatives are needed for forage production for animal grazing in Autumn and Winter. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a split-split plot scheme with four replications. The treatments of plots consisted of five grasses, subplots consisted of three cropping systems (monoculture, intercropping with corn and unsuppressed grass, and intercropped with corn and suppressed grass), and sub-subplots consisted of four cutting intervals of grasses (50, 90, 125, and 195 days after emergence - DAE). The experiment was carried out from February to September 2014. Dry matter (DM) productivity, obtained at 195 DAE for the three cropping systems (monoculture grass, unsuppressed and suppressed grass in intercropping), were 18.45, 7.15, and 3.05 t ha?1, respectively, and average crude protein contents of leaf blades of grasses decreased linearly between the cutting intervals of 50 to 195 DAE from 19.95 to 9.70%, respectively. Under integrated systems, the studied grasses showed better yields and nutritional quality when compared to traditional grazing systems. Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça and Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés and Piatã had the highest leaf and crude protein yields when compared to Brachiaria ruziziensis cv. Kennedy and Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu. In terms of nutritional value, Brachiaria ruziziensis cv. Kennedy was superior to Mombaça and Xaraés grasses but had lower total dry matter yield. Finally, Xaraés, Piatã and Mombaça grasses are recommended choices ICL systems when fodder grass production is the goal. [Produtividade e valor nutritivo de gramíneas tropicais em monocultivo e em consórcio com milho na segunda safra]. Resumo: Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a produtividade e o valor nutritivo das gramíneas forrageiras tropicais: Brachiaria brizantha cvs. Piatã, Xaraés e Marandu, Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça e B. ruziziensis cv. Kennedy, em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária (ILP), na segunda safra, buscando novas alternativas de produção de forragem para alimentação animal no outono-inverno. Utilizouse delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso em esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos das parcelas corresponderam às cinco forrageiras, às subparcelas corrresponderam a três sistemas de cultivo (monocultivo, consórcio com milho sem supressão e consórcio com milho com supressão), e às sub-subparcelas, quatro intervalos de corte das forrageiras (50, 90, 125 e 195 dias após a emergência, DAE). O experimento foi conduzido no período de fevereiro a setembro de 2014. As produtividades de matéria seca, obtidas aos 195 DAE, referentes aos três sistemas de cultivo (monocultivo, consórcio sem supressão e com supressão), foram de 18,45; 7,15 e 3,05 t ha-1, respectivamente, e os teores de proteína bruta da lâmina foliar das forrageiras decresceram linearmente entre os intervalos de corte, de 50 a 195 DAE, de 19,95 % para 9,70%. O cultivo de forrageiras tropicais em sistemas integrados na segunda safra produz forragem de alta qualidade e quantidade para o outonoinverno. As gramíneas tropicais Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça e Brachiaria brizantha cvs. Xaraés e Piatã apresentaram maior produtividade de folhas e proteína bruta, em comparação às demais forrageiras em estudo. Em termos de valor nutritivo, Brachiaria ruziziensis cv. Kennedy foi superior aos capins Mombaça e Xaraés, porém apresentou menores produtividades de matéria seca total, folha e proteína bruta. De maneira geral, os capins Xaraés, Piatã e Mombaça são os mais indicados para o cultivo na segunda safra em sistema de ILP visando a produção de forragem para alimentação animal. Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-12T23:46:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC2018Productivity.pdf: 416145 bytes, checksum: 0c82e8aae5d8498da6624ed3b0d87b87 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-11-12

Objetivou-se avaliar a formação de pastagem de Urochloa brizantha cv. BRS Piatã consorciada com sorgo forrageiro em sub-bosque de eucalipto para fins de renovação de pastagens. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados arranjados em esquema de faixas, com três repetições. Os tratamentos principais foram compostos por duas modalidades de cultivo do sorgo, sendo o consórcio do sorgo + capim-piatã e testemunha (cultivo do sorgo solteiro). Os tratamentos secundários foram compostos pelos locais de amostragem, sendo cinco locais equidistantes entre as fileiras de árvores de eucalipto. Quanto aos locais de amostragem, independente das modalidades, observou-se o mesmo comportamento nas duas coletas (84 e 98 DAE), de modo que não houve diferença significativa entre os locais avaliados no ambiente sombreado (pontos A, B, C, D e E) em todas as caraterísticas avaliadas. Porém, apresentaram valores inferiores à testemunha (pleno sol). Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-28T23:38:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caracteristicasfitompetricasdesorgo.pdf: 244629 bytes, checksum: 68764affe01d7d3266cac355f09bfb43 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-12-28

The aim of the current study is to assess three integrated systems presenting different eucalyptus tree densities due to animal and forage production. The following integrated systems were assessed: croplivestock- forest with 357 eucalyptus trees ha-1 (ICLF1); crop-livestock-forest with 227 eucalyptus trees ha-1 (ICLF2); and crop-livestock with 5 remnant native trees ha-1 (ICL). The randomized block experimental design was applied in a split-plot scheme with four replicates. The Average Daily Gain (ADG, g animal-1day-1) and the live-weight gain per area (LWG, kg ha-1) were applied to analyze animal performance, which was set by weighing the animals every 28 days (the animals previously fasted for 16h). Forage yield was higher in ICL during fall and winter; in summer, it did not differ from ICLF2. There was no forage yield difference between the ICL and ICLF2 systems in any of the assessed seasons; summer was more productive in ILPF1 than other seasons. The highest leaf crude protein contents (CP) in summer was recorded in systems ICLF1 and ICLF2, and the highest value recorded in fall was found in ILPF1; the lowest was found in ILP. On the other hand, the highest leaf NDF contents in summer were found in ILP. The highest ADG were found in summer. The highest LWG values recorded for the ICL and ICLF2 systems were collected in summer and fall; there was no difference in any of the three systems in winter. The LWG was higher in all system in summer. The ICLF2 emerged as the system (with trees) most appropriate for beef cattle production. Despite the shading interference on forage production, such condition is compensated by the best nutritional contents such as CP. The ICLF2 system allowing an annual LWG of 83% in relation to the ICL system during the fifth year of establishment of the systems. Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-23T23:22:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Beefcattleproductioninestablishedintegratedsystems.pdf: 786330 bytes, checksum: 6dba51e2d12d9ab73b44bc9b3e33960e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-23 Título em português: Produção de bovinos de corte em sistemas de integração estabelecidos.

Objetivou-se avaliar a influência da idade de corte no valor nutritivo de silagem de capim-piatã em monocultivo e em consórcio com sorgo. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, como parcelas sistemas (capim-piatã; sorgo de corte e pastejo e consórcio) e como subparcelas as idades de corte (70, 90 e 110 dias após a semeadura). Os minissilos foram abertos aos 46 dias, avaliando-se na silagem os teores de proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT), nitrogênio amoniacal, lignina e pH. Com o avanço da idade, ocorreu redução linear no teor de PB de 0,12; 0,08 e 0,16 unidades percentuais a cada dia após a semeadura nas silagens de sorgo, sorgo+capim e capim-piatã, respectivamente. Verificou-se aumento linear no valor de pH da silagem de sorgo + capim, em função do avanço na idade de 0,03 unidade a cada dia após a semeadura. Nas silagens de sorgo e de capim em monocultivo, o pH apresentou valores médios de 4,63 e de 5,20, respectivamente. Os sistemas com sorgo apresentam potencial para produção de silagem de boa qualidade aos 70 dias de idade.

The objective of this paper was to perform a microclimate evaluation and determine the indexes of thermal comfort indexes, in sun and shade, in integrated crop-livestock-forest systems with different arrangements of eucalyptus and native trees, in the Brazilian Midwest. The experiment was conducted at Embrapa Beef Cattle in Campo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, from July to September 2013. The evaluations were conducted on four consecutive days, from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., local time (GMT?4:00), with 1 hour intervals, recording the microclimate parameters: air temperature (°C), black globe temperature (°C), wet bulb temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), and wind speed (m.s?1), for the subsequent calculation of the Temperature and Humidity Index, the Black GlobeTemperature and Humidity Index, and the Radiant Thermal Load. The largest changes in microclimate parameters werefound in the full sun, between 12:00 p.m. and 1:00 p.m., in less dense eucalyptus system, followed by the scattered native trees system, resulting in a maximum Temperature and Humidity Index of 81, Black Globe Temperature and Humidity Index of 88 and Radiant Thermal Load of 794 W m?2. Therefore, it is observed that with the presence of trees in pastures were possible reductions of up to 3.7 % in Temperature and Humidity Index, 10.2 % in the Black Globe Temperature and Humidity Index, and 28.3 % of the Radiant Thermal Load in the shade. Thus, one can conclude that the presence of trees and their arrangement in the systems provide better microclimate conditions and animal thermal comfort in pastures

Objetivou-se avaliar as características morfogênicas e estruturais do capim-piatã em monocultivo e em consórcio com sorgo de corte e pastejo na rebrotação de outono-inverno, em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária. O experi mento foi realizado em área da Embrapa Gado de Corte, em Campo Grande - MS (20°27? S; 54°37? W), 530 m de altitude. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos completos casualizados com dois tratamentos e quatro repetições. As características morfogênicas e estruturais avaliadas foram: taxa de aparecimento foliar (TapF), filocrono, taxa de alongamento lâmina foliar (TAIF), taxa de alongamento do colmo, comprimento final das lâminas foliares (CFF), número de folhas vivas por perfilho (NFV), duração de vida das folhas (DVF). A TapF média foi 0,090 folha dia-1, valor considerado alto. A TAIF e DVF apresentaram 5,59 cm dia-1 e 85,60 dias, respectivamente, também são resultados altos para o período seco do ano. Nas características estruturais, o NFV foi de 7,25 folhas perfilho-1, o CFF demonstrou valor de 31,90 cm perfilho-1, considerado baixo, que pode ser resultado do menor comprimento do colmo. A rebrotação do capim-piatã não sofre interferência da consorciação com sorgo nas suas características estruturais e morfogênicas.