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There is increasing interest in the study of chiral degrees of freedom occurring in matter and in electromagnetic fields. Opportunities in quantum sciences will likely exploit two main areas that are the focus of this Review: (1) recent observations of the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect in chiral molecules and engineered nanomaterials and (2) rapidly evolving nanophotonic strategies designed to amplify chiral light-matter interactions. On the one hand, the CISS effect underpins the observation that charge transport through nanoscopic chiral structures favors a particular electronic spin orientation, resulting in large room-temperature spin polarizations. Observations of the CISS effect suggest opportunities for spin control and for the design and fabrication of room-temperature quantum devices from the bottom up, with atomic-scale precision and molecular modularity. On the other hand, chiral-optical effects that depend on both spin- and orbital-angular momentum of photons could offer key advantages in all-optical and quantum information technologies. In particular, amplification of these chiral light-matter interactions using rationally designed plasmonic and dielectric nanomaterials provide approaches to manipulate light intensity, polarization, and phase in confined nanoscale geometries. Any technology that relies on optimal charge transport, or optical control and readout, including quantum devices for logic, sensing, and storage, may benefit from chiral quantum properties. These properties can be theoretically and experimentally investigated from a quantum information perspective, which has not yet been fully developed. There are uncharted implications for the quantum sciences once chiral couplings can be engineered to control the storage, transduction, and manipulation of quantum information. This forward-looking Review provides a survey of the experimental and theoretical fundamentals of chiral-influenced quantum effects and presents a vision for their possible future roles in enabling room-temperature quantum technologies.

Chiral degrees of freedom occur in matter and in electromagnetic fields andconstitute an area of research that is experiencing renewed interest driven byrecent observations of the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect inchiral molecules and engineered nanomaterials. The CISS effect underpins thefact that charge transport through nanoscopic chiral structures favors aparticular electronic spin orientation, resulting in large room-temperaturespin polarizations. Observations of the CISS effect suggest opportunities forspin control and for the design and fabrication of room-temperature quantumdevices from the bottom up, with atomic-scale precision. Any technology thatrelies on optimal charge transport, including quantum devices for logic,sensing, and storage, may benefit from chiral quantum properties. Theseproperties can be theoretically and experimentally investigated from a quantuminformation perspective, which is presently lacking. There are unchartedimplications for the quantum sciences once chiral couplings can be engineeredto control the storage, transduction, and manipulation of quantum information.This forward-looking perspective provides a survey of the experimental andtheoretical fundamentals of chiral-influenced quantum effects, and presents avision for their future roles in enabling room-temperature quantumtechnologies.

Hypoxia (low-oxygen) is one of the most common characteristics of solid tumours. Exploiting tumour hypoxia to reductively activate Pt(IV) prodrugs has the potential to deliver toxic Pt(II) selectively and thus overcome the systemic toxicity issues of traditional Pt(II) therapies. However, our current understanding of the behaviour of Pt(IV) prodrugs in hypoxia is limited. Here, we evaluated and compared the aryl carbamate fluorogenic Pt(IV) complexes, CisNap and CarboNap, as well as the previously reported OxaliNap, as potential hypoxia-activated Pt(IV) (HAPt) prodrugs. Low intracellular oxygen concentrations (<0.1%) induced the greatest changes in the respective fluorescence emission channels. However, no correlation between reduction under hypoxic conditions and toxicity was observed, except in the case for CarboNap, which displayed significant hypoxia-dependent toxicity. Other aryl carbamate Pt(IV) derivatives (including non-fluorescent analogues) mirrored these observations, where carboplatin(IV) derivative CarboPhen displayed a hypoxia-selective cytotoxicity similar to that of CarboNap. These findings underscore the need to perform extensive structure activity relationship studies on the cytotoxicity of Pt(IV) complexes under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the synthesis of 4-nitrophenyl (4-NP) functionalised Pt(IV) complexes as a colorimetric strategy for monitoring Pt(IV) reduction in aqueous solution. Treatment of each 4-NP functionalised Pt(IV) complex with the biological reductant sodium ascorbate led to a colour change from clear to yellow, which was attributed to the reduction of Pt(IV) to Pt(II) and simultaneous release of 4-nitroaniline. Trends in reduction profiles and a photocatalysed reduction for each Pt(IV) complex were observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Undergraduate research experiences provide excellent examples of high-impact practices. They rely on inquiry-based learning to provide important capstone experiences for the students. However, they are time-intensive for mentor faculty. In an attempt to scale up our faculty's ability to offer such experiences, we combined a number of projects into one class: the Biomathematics Workshop. This article chronicles the experiences of one student from that class interspersed with comments from his mentor. Our goal is to illustrate some of the twists and turns in his journey and the unexpected but valuable lessons the student (and the mentoring team) learned.

As the number of Spanish-speaking patients with cancer in the USA grows, it is vital that reliable online breast cancer information is available in Spanish. The main objective of our study was to determine the quality and reliability of online videos in Spanish regarding breast cancer. We conducted a YouTube search using the phrase "cancer de mama" (breast cancer) and graded their quality and reliability using the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Benchmark Criteria, Global Quality Score (GQS), and the Modified DISCERN Questionnaire. Videos were characterized by descriptive variables. Videos were primarily from Spain (36.4%) and Mexico (17.9%). 'professional' videos had the highest JAMA mean rank (99.53), the highest GQS mean rank (102.86) and the and second-highest DISCERN (101.10) mean rank. 'Personal' videos, by contrast, had the lowest mean rank values for GQS (72.28) and DISCERN (68.83) scores. A significant majority of online breast cancer videos in Spanish were of poor quality and reliability. 'Professional' videos are of higher quality and reliability than videos of other typologies; however, they have a limited range of content. In addition, a small percentage of videos were uploaded from the USA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Author(s): Albert C. Aragons [1, 2, 3]; Naomi L. Haworth [4]; Nadim Darwish (corresponding author) [1, 2]; Simone Ciampi (corresponding author) [5]; Nathaniel J. Bloomfield [4]; Gordon G. Wallace [5]; [...]