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COVID-19 is an infectious disease that can progress from carrier and mild symptoms of acute respiratory infections to bilateral pneumonia, severe respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiorgan failure, sepsis and shock. One of the predictors of severe course of infection is advanced age and comorbidities. In this work we considered a clinical case of COVID-19 patient S., 86 years old, who was admitted to the hospital, to the intensive care unit on the 10th day of the disease, in an extremely severe condition. A diagnosis of bilateral polisegmental pneumonia with 70% lung involvement caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus was made. In addition to antiviral therapy with remdesivir and symptomatic therapy, pathogenetic therapy with tocilizumab was applied. On admission, the patient had leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated values of COE, urea, significant elevation of inflammatory markers CRP and D-dimer, as well as pCo2. During inpatient treatment, positive dynamics of the condition and laboratory parameters were observed. The patient was discharged in satisfactory condition, all laboratory parameters were normalised, except for a slight increase in CRP and pCO2 levels. Despite the age of the patient and the severity of COVID-19 course, the combined use of drugs with multidirectional action, including tocilizumab, may improve the outcome of the disease.

Objective: to study polymorphic variants of TLR3 (rs3775291) and TLR9 (rs352140) genes in patients with COVID-19 depending on the severity of the disease and their significance for determining the risk of severe course of COVID-19.Materials and Methods: genetic analysis of polymorphism of TLR3 (rs3775291) and TLR9 genes (rs352140) was performed in 164 patients with COVID-19, who were divided by degree of severity into three groups: Group 1 with mild, Group 2 with moderate and Group 3 with severe and extremely severe degrees of severity. The control group consisted of 40 healthy donors. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using STATISTICA 12.0 programs (Stat Soft, USA). To assess the difference of groups by qualitative characteristics, the χ2 criterion with Yates correction was used, and in case of violation of its conditions, the χ2 criterion was applied. Yates correction, and if the conditions of its applicability were violated, the two-sided Fisher’s two-sided criterion (RF). The difference between the groups was considered statistically significant at р ˂ 0,05. The strength of associations was evaluated in the values of the odds ratio index odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval.Results: the frequency of the ST genotype was significantly higher and the frequency of the TT genotype of the rs3775291 allele of the TLR3 gene was significantly lower in patients with the manifest form of COVID-19 compared with the control group. Frequency analysis of TLR9 (rs352140) in COVID-19 patients showed significantly higher values of the ST genotype and lower values of the CC genotype compared to healthy individuals. Comparative analysis between groups of hospitalized patients depending on severity revealed higher frequency of ST genotype and lower frequency of TT genotype of TLR3 (rs3775291) and TLR9 (rs352140) genes in patients with severe and extremely severe condition.Conclusion: reliable differences in the frequency of occurrence of genotypes of TLR3 (rs3775291) and TLR9 (rs352140) genes in patients with the manifest form of COVID-19 compared to healthy people were revealed. The analysis of nucleotide sequence variants of the studied genes in hospitalized patients depending on the degree of severity also showed significant differences in the frequency of genotypes. Thus, in patients with severe and extremely severe COVID-19, a significant difference in the frequency of occurrence of ST and TT genotypes of TLR3 (rs3775291) and TLR9 (rs352140) genes was revealed compared to patients with mild and moderate COVID-19, which may further have prognostic value in assessing the severity of the disease.

In the presented clinical case reports, patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis resulted from chronic viral hepatitis C, being stable responders to antiviral therapy and having severe hemophilia A, underwent orthotopic liver transplantation from a post-mortem donor. The volume of intraoperative blood loss and the course of the immediate postoperative period on the background of the replacement therapy with recombinant VIII coagulation factors did not differ from other liver transplant recipients of the City Clinical Hospital n.a. S.P. Botkin. In the late postoperative period, the level of coagulation factor VIII returned to normal in patients, which made it possible to cancel the replacement therapy.

The aim of this research is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the impact of unilateral coercive measures on sustainable development processes in the Republic of Belarus, as well as their influence on the implementation of the 2030 Agenda in Belarus and the Union State. Divided into three sections, the article begins by examining how Belarus has adapted its legal framework and state policy to conform to the 2030 Agenda. However, the use of unilateral coercive measures by the collective West to pressure and incentivize “appropriate” behavior, in contradiction of the decisions of the UN Security Council, diverts the country’s resources toward safeguarding its sovereignty and non-intervention in the aff airs of other states. The second section delves into the role of integration associations and the Union State in overcoming coercive restrictive measures. Finally, the third section sheds light on the impact of such measures on the implementation of the 2030 Agenda. Specifi cally, the sectoral sanctions imposed by the US and EU on Belarus in 2021 hinder the development of a common agricultural policy, as well as gas, oil, and petroleum markets of the Union State, while simultaneously creating a fi nancial rift between Belarus and Russia. This underscores the negative eff ects of these measures in the short term.

Objective: to present an analysis of the results of 100 cadaveric liver transplants performed at Botkin Hospital from July 2018 to October 2021. Materials and methods. From July 2018 to October 2021, 100 orthotopic liver transplantation (LTx) from a deceased donor were performed at the surgical clinic of Botkin Hospital. The recipients were 58 males (58%) and 42 females (42%). The mean age of the recipients was 48.73 ± 8.56 (24–66) years, while their mean MELD was 19.54 ± 4.35 (15–33). The main indications for LTx were cirrhosis resulting from chronic viral hepatitis (CVH) C (52%), nutritional-toxic cirrhosis (20%), autoimmune liver and bile duct disease (18%), CVH B (7%), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (3%). During the period under study, 119 potential liver transplant donors were evaluated. The mean age of the donors was 44.2 ± 11.12 (21–63) years. Median levels of sodium, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and bilirubin were 141 (138–146) mmol/L, 27 (20.7–47.4) units/L, 25 (17–41.5) units/L, and 9.65 (6.42–13.7) μmol/L, respectively. The median graft hepatic steatosis was 10% (5–15). LTx was performed using the piggyback technique (99/100 cases) and classic technique with inferior vena cava resection (1/100). End-to-end porto-portal vein anastomosis was performed (99/100 cases). Anastomosis of the donor organ’s portal vein with the recipient’s left gastric vein due to occlusive thrombosis of the recipient’s portal vein was carried out (1/100). In all cases, a continuous end-to-end arterial anastomosis was formed. End-to-end choledochocholedochal anastomotic strictures (95/100) and end-to-side hepaticojejunostomy (5/100) were formed. Results. Median cold ischemia time was 312.5 minutes (280–380). Mean operative time was 488.91 ± 65.34 (95% CI: 475.9–501.9) minutes, median intraoperative blood loss was 1000 (600–1500) mL. Thirty-day mortality was 2% (Clavien–Dindo class V). Early postoperative complications (Clavien–Dindo class IIIa–IVa) developed in 12/100 patients (12%). Graft arterial thrombosis occurred in 3 cases (3%), biliary anastomotic strictures in 6 (6%), and subhepatic hematoma in 2 (2%). The average intensive care unit (ICU) bed day was 2.34 ± 1.67 (1–8). Total postoperative bed-day was 14.63 ± 5.35 (10–39). During case follow-up, a prolonged form of calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) was administered as immunosuppressive therapy in mono regimen (85 patients), in combination with mycophenolic acid derivatives (7), and in combination with everolimus (6). Of the 93 patients, 46 patients (49.46%) had the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) before or after transplantation; in no case did COVID-19 lead to death. Six patients (13.04%) were hospitalized due to COVID-19. To date, 33/93 (25.48%) patients have been vaccinated, resulting in 75 (75%) liver transplant recipients immune to COVID-19. The overall 1-year survival rate was 95% and the 3-year survival rate was 91%. Conclusion. Introduction of LTx in multidisciplinary hospitals allows to, already at the start of the program, achieve immediate and long-term treatment outcomes (in decompensated diffuse liver disease) that are comparable to those of leading transplantation centers.

Introduction. Transverse vibrations of a bimorph consisting of two piezomagnetoelectric layers and located in the alternating magnetic field are investigated. Piezomagnetoelectric layers are multilayer composites with alternating piezoelectric and piezomagnetic layers. The mechanical and physical properties of such a composite are given by known effective constants.Materials and Methods. The applied theory of multilayer plate vibrations takes into account the nonlinear distribution of electric and magnetic potential in piezoactive layers in the longitudinal and transverse directions. On the basis of this theory, the stress-strain state, the dependences of deflection, electric and magnetic potentials on the volume ratio of the composition of the hinged bimorph, are investigated. The electric potential is assumed to be zero at all electrodes, while the magnetic potential is zero at the inner boundary and unknown at the outer boundaries. Therefore, the distribution of electric and magnetic potentials in the middle of the layer are unknown functions. In the case of the magnetic potential, the distribution at the outer boundary is also unknown. In the problem, the Kirchhoff hypotheses for mechanical characteristics were accepted. The use of the variational principle and the quadratic dependence of the electric and magnetic potentials on the thickness of piezoactive layers made it possible to obtain a system of differential equations and boundary conditions.Results. When the volume ratio of the composition of piezoactive bimorph materials changes, the electric potential in the middle of the layer changes nonlinearly. The magnetic potential in the middle of the layer and at the outer boundary increases almost linearly with an increase in the volume percentage of BaTiO3. The dependence of the deflection in the middle of the layer is determined.Discussion and Conclusions. An applied theory for calculating transverse vibrations of a bimorph with two piezomagnetoelectric layers is constructed. The dependence of the characteristics of the stress-strain state, electric and magnetic fields on the volume fractions of piezomagnetic and piezoelectric materials, is investigated.

Aim. The study aim was to assess the negative dynamics of the hepatic artery resistive index as a reliable predictor of early thrombosis in liver transplant recipients from a postmortem donor, to determine risk factors and to identify a group of patients with an increased risk of this complication.Material and methods. From July 2018 to August 2021, 92 orthotopic liver transplants from a deceased donor were performed at the Surgical Clinic of the City Clinical Hospital n.a. S.P. Botkin. All liver grafts were taken from donors with brain death. Control Doppler ultrasound examination of hepatic blood flow in all patients was performed on days 1, 3, 5, 7, if necessary, daily. The hepatic arteries resistive index was considered normal at values from 0.55-0.79, high at 0.8-0.89, extremely high above 0.9. Depending on the resistive index value on the 1st postoperative day and its further dynamics, we divided the patients into 3 groups. In each group, we analyzed the incidence of hepatic artery thrombosis and assessed the impact of various risk factors on the resistive index elevation on the 1st day after surgery and on its growth during dynamic observation in the early postoperative period.Results. Of 92 liver transplants, in three cases, we recorded hepatic artery thrombosis (3.2%), which was not associated with technical difficulties of arterial reconstruction. No mortality was recorded in all three cases. In patients with a normal or high resistive index on the 1st day, without its increase during dynamic observation, the incidence of arterial thrombosis was 0%. In patients with a normal or high resistive index on the 1st day, and its increase during dynamic observation, as well as in patients with an extremely high resistive index on the 1st day, the incidence of arterial thrombosis was 18.1% and 11.1%, respectively. The risk factors of thrombosis were the age of the recipient over 50 years old in an extremely high resistive index on the 1st postoperative day (p=0.024), and the age of the donor over 50 years old in the growth of the resistive index during follow-up (p=0.04).Conclusion. The lack of positive dynamics in the hepatic artery resistive index reduction may be an additional predictor of arterial thrombosis after liver transplantation. This fact makes it possible to identify a high-risk group of arterial thrombosis, to take additional preventive measures in these patients and to improve the immediate results of treatment in this group of patients.

The results of scientific research of the process of eyes formation in cheeses depending on the molding method and modes of pressing the cheese mass; the type of gassing microorganisms that make up the starter culture; rheological properties of curd; the presence in the cheese mass of “germs” — the centers of the formation of eyes — are considered. It is noted that the most studied in terms of the formation of the pattern are large cheeses of the Emmental or Swiss type with eyes up to 3 cm in diameter, which can be easily estimated by calculating their quantity and volume. For this, there are methods for visualizing eyes in the volume of cheese: X-ray, computed and magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound and acoustic sounding. The least studied is the process of pattern formation in cheeses like Tilsiter and Russian, molded in bulk, with a large number of irregular, angular eyes. In connection with the observed tendency to the loss of the distinctive features of this type of cheese (rare, insufficiently pronounced eyes), great importance is attached to objective methods for assessing the pattern in these cheeses as one of the most important indicators of the product quality. Since computed tomography, X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging are methods that require expensive equipment, the need for a simpler procedure, suitable for production laboratories of cheesemaking enterprises, is justified for use in routine examinations. Based on the assumption that cheeses with a frequent pattern of angular, irregular shape can be considered as porous bodies, an assumption was made about the advisability of developing a method for measuring the porosity coefficient, which could supplement the organoleptic assessment of the pattern with an objective indicator that would allow the rejection of cheeses on this basis.

Increasing the export potential of the higher education system is a strategic goal of many developed and developing countries, including Russia. At the same time, attracting foreign students to domestic universities makes it possible to attract foreign intellectual resources, develop international cooperation and diplomacy. During the study, a model of a system for managing the competitiveness of higher education in Russia has been developed, which contributes to attracting an international contingent of students to Russian universities. This system takes into account the influence of global environmental factors and state macro-environment factors. The subject of management in this system is represented by the federal, regional and university levels. For each subject level, methods have been developed to attract an international contingent of students to Russian universities. The object of management in the developed system is the level of competitiveness of higher education in Russia.

The Russian universities have to be demand among potential foreign applicants in the context of tightening competition in the global higher education market for resources, personnel and students. The possibility of attraction talented young people from other countries appears through the implementation of the education export in the context of the knowledge economy and global competition. In addition, interaction with foreign students contributes to the academic development of universities, knowledge diplomacy and international cooperation. The experience of the National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics and the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia in the field of increasing and applying indicators for assessing international competitiveness has been analysed. The correlation and regression analysis of the dependence of the number of foreign students studying in Russia on the number of Russian universities in the world university rankings has been carried out. The assessment of changes in the work of universities to attract foreign students during the COVID-19 pandemic has been performed.

Purpose. Analyze and identify the features of the course of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in HIV-infected patients.Materials and methods. An analysis of the course of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) was carried out in 16 patients with HIV infection who were hospitalized at the St. Petersburg State Budgetary Healthcare Institution Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases from April to October 2020. All patients underwent a study of biological material from the oropharynx and nasopharynx for COVID-19 and diagnosed based on a positive PCR result.Results. In HIV-infected patients with diagnosed coronavirus infection caused by COVID-19, signs of progression of HIV infection, clinical, immunological, virological (75%), opportunistic diseases and comorbidities (chronic viral hepatitis in the cirrhotic decompensated stage, cardiovascular diseases and others) (94%). A small sample of patients did not allow to determine with reliable accuracy the mutual influence of existing diseases and pathologies, but, of course, multiple comorbid pathologies play a role in the development of severe conditions and unfavorable outcomes. A clinical case is presented.Conclusion. The provoking factors have been identified that play a role in the development of infection and more severe forms of coronavirus infection caused by COVID-19 in HIV-infected patients (injecting drug use, alcohol abuse, late stage of HIV infection (4B, 4C) and progression of earlier stages (4A ), a low number of CD4 lymphocytes (less than 200 cells / μl), multiple comorbid pathology (HIV infection, opportunistic diseases, comorbidities, especially chronic liver damage in the stage of decompensated cirrhosis), absence, interrupted antiretroviral therapy, multiple changes of regimens, absence prevention of opportunistic diseases). A patient with HIV infection at ART. 4B with multiple comorbidity, the possibility of long-term persistence of the COVID-19 virus coronavirus with positive and negative results for more than 2 months and later development of lung damage caused by COVID-19 was established.

Introduction. Transverse axisymmetric oscillations of a bimorph with two piezo-active layers, piezoelectric and piezomagnetic, are studied. This element can be applied in an energy storage device which is in an alternating magnetic field. The work objective is to study the dependence of resonance and antiresonance frequencies, and electromechanical coupling factor, on the geometric parameters of the element.Materials and Methods. A mathematical model of the piezoelement action is a boundary value problem of linear magneto-electro-elasticity. The element consists of three layers: two piezo-active layers (PZT-4 and CoFe2O4) and a centre dead layer made of steel. The finite element method implemented in the ANSYS package is used as a method for solving a boundary value problem.Results. A finite element model of a piezoelement in the ANSYS package is developed. Problems of determining the natural frequencies of resonance and antiresonance are solved. Graphic dependences of these frequencies and the electromechanical coupling factor on the device geometrics, the thickness and radius of the piezo-active layers, are constructed.Discussion and Conclusions. The results obtained can be used under designing the working element of the energy storage device due to the action of an alternating magnetic field. The constructed dependences of the eigenfrequencies of the resonance and antiresonance on the geometric parameters of the piezoelement provide selecting the sizes of the piezo-active layers for a given working frequency with the highest electromechanical coupling factor.

The article presents the experience of the mobile team as an integral component of palliative care for patients with HIV infection.Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of the mobile team as a key component of palliative care for patients with advanced stages of HIV infection and comorbid conditions.Materials and methods: In 2018, a joint project of the St. Petersburg AIDS Center and the BF (charity foundation) «Humanitarian Action» created a mobile team to provide onsite medical and social assistance to patients with HIV infection. The article presents the results of the project for 2018–2019. We studied the composition of patients, their needs for various types of support, as well as assessing the problems in providing this type of service to patients with HIV infection. The analysis of the work of the mobile team for 2018–2019. The composition of patients in need of medical and social assistance was studied. Results. In the supervision of the mobile team were 79 patients with HIV. The main tasks of the mobile team were to identify patients with HIV infection who suffered from severe opportunistic diseases, for various reasons they could not come to the doctor’s center for antiretroviral therapy, and also monitor the effectiveness of treatment and psychological support for sedentary and hard-to-reach groups of patients.Conclusion: Given the increase in the number of patients with advanced HIV infection and comorbid conditions, the creation of mobile teams that are part of palliative care is an essential part of comprehensive medical and social care.

The urgency of the problem is due to the fact that respiratory diseases occupy one of the first places in the structure of child morbidity, and community-acquired pneumonia remains one of the main causes of hospitalization and mortality among children. Streptococcus pneumonia remains the leading bacterial etiological agent of community-acquired pneumonia in the total population of pathogens.The article presents a statistical study of the impact of vaccination against pneumococcus on the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia in children in Penza, Russia. It was revealed that the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia in children vaccinated with 1 3-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine is 3.2 times lower than in unvaccinated children.

Objective: to characterize the clinical and laboratory parameters of patients with HIV infection with newly diagnosed Kaposi’s sarcoma.Materials and methods. The analysis of clinical and laboratory data of 25 HIV-infected patients with newly diagnosed Kaposi’s sarcoma who were treated in the in-patient department of St. Petersburg Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases in 2009-2017Results. Ninety-two (n=23) patients were men. The median age at detecting HIV infection is 36 years. The manifestation age of Kaposi’s sarcoma is a median of 37 years. Elements of Kaposi’s sarcoma were located mainly on the skin of the lower and upper extremities, trunk, face and oral mucosa. Manifest CMV infection was registered in one patient, candidiasis of various localizations was found in 19 patients (76%), 2 of them also had one case of tuberculosis and toxoplasmosis. The viral load of HIV in the serum of patients upon admission to the hospital ranged from 26 159 to 2 755,549 copies/ml. The number of CD4 lymphocytes in the serum of patients is from 4 to 674 cells/μl. First-line antiretroviral drugs were prescribed to 20 (80%) patients, while the positive dynamics of sarcoma was observed in 8 patients. Four (16%) patients received antitumor treatment. The duration of hospitalization of patients ranged from 8 to 85 days (median 29). Twenty-one patients were discharged from the hospital, death was registered in 4 patients (16%).Conclusion. Characteristics of patients with HIV infection with newly diagnosed Kaposi’s sarcoma are: the predominance of males aged 30-39 years; skin lesions of the limbs and trunk in the debut of the clinical picture of sarcoma; laboratory signs of pronounced immunodeficiency (in 75% of patients, CD4 lymphocytes in the serum are less than 200 cells/μl); high viral load of HIV in serum (in 88% of patients more than 100 000 copies/ml); frequent combination with other opportunistic diseases.

The one of leading HIV infection manifestations is trophological insufficiency developing due to violation of digestion processes and leading to disease progress, development of multiple organ failure and lethal outcomes.The objective of research was to reveal the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with advanced stages of HIV infection and malnutrition, as well as the efficiency of nutritional support for this category of patients.Materials and methods. The study included 42 patients on the stage 4A-B HIV infection and underweight. All patients were on inpatient treatment in the department of palliative medicine of the St. Petersburg AIDS Center. Clinical-laboratory and instrumental measures were analyzed, the trophic status was estimated before the beginning of antiretroviral therapy (ART). The patients were divided in two groups. The first group received medical enteral nutrition (liquid mixture “Impact oral”). The second group received a regular balanced diet. At the same time, patients in both groups were prescribed ART in accordance with clinical guidelines.Results. A month after the start of treatment it was possible to analyze the results in the 1st group in 23 people and in 11 in the 2nd group. Comparative analysis showed that in the 1st group the distribution of the patients significantly changed according to the level of CD4 lymphocytes, BMI and nutritional status, with a markedly positive dynamics of these indicators. Also, patients of this group coped better with ART. Despite the fact that the analysis was conducted at the initial stages of the work, the obtained data demonstrate a high perspective of nutritional-metabolic therapy in the context of optimizing the HIV treatment in patients with a marked failure of the trophic status.

The energy and pulse height spectrums after passage of neutron radiation through samples of materialsmost often used to protect against neutron radiation (paraffin, paraffin with boric acid, paraffin with boric acid and lead, polyethylene, polyethylene with boron and boron carbide) are measured using a PuBe neutron source using a NEMUS spectrometer on Bonner spheres with 3He -counter. The values of linear attenuation coefficients and neutron relaxation lengths in these materials, neutron spectra for these materials are given. The percentage of neutrons in the energy subbands is determined according to the radiation weighting factor. The neutron flux density, the ambient dose equivalent power, the absorbed dose rate in the neutron radiation air, the transition coefficients from the neutron fluence to the ambient dose equivalent and average neutron radiation energy are measured. Calculation of energy spectrum, basic characteristics of neutron radiation and extended uncertainties is performed by the MAXED (maximum entropy and deconvolution), applying the Bayes theorem, method using the UMG_3.3 software.

The objective of our study was to evaluate production of matrix metalloproteinase–2 and -9 in lacrimal fluid, as well as СFH gene polymorphism in a group of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. The study was performed with 120 eyes of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) including 34 eyes from the first-stage disease; 35 eyes, from the 2nd stage; 35, at the 3rd stage of the disorder, and 16 eyes with stage 4 POAG. Control group consisted of 25 glaucoma-free patients. Tear fluid served as a material for biochemical tests. The levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were determined by sandwich ELISA for the both eyes. Venous blood was used for genetic studies. Genomic human DNA was isolated from the whole blood leukocytes, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed. The results of this study were analyzed using a package of SAS applied statistical programs (Statistical Analysis System, SAS Institute Inc., USA) employing standard algorithms of variation statistics, i.e., correlation analysis, contingency tables, and various types of intergroup comparisons for the parameters studied. The following results were obtained: average indices for metalloproteinases-2 and -9 were found to be increased upon progression of the disease. Correlation analysis of contingency relationships was performed for morphometric, clinical, functional parameters, and quantitative indices of MMP-2 and MMP-9. We also studied prevalence of CFH gene polymorphismic alleles depending on the stage of glaucoma development. One may conclude that our study provided evidence for a relationship between MMP-2 and MMP-9 production, and СFH gene polymorphism, thus expanding a list of host genetic mutations which could be potentially involved into pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma.

The energy and pulse height spectrum of PuBe and 238PuBe neutron sources are measured without taking into account scattered radiation, taking into account this radiation (without the shadow cone) and own scattered radiation from these sources (with a shadow cone) using a NEMUS spectrometer on Bonner spheres with 3He -counter. An analytical solution of the likelihood function equation is given, taking into account the fact that the counting rate of pulses obeys the chi-square distribution used to estimate the variances, the discrete Poisson distribution, and the normal distribution, using the Bayes theorem and the Lagrange multiplier method. The values of the main characteristics of neutron radiation are measured: neutron flux density, ambient dose rate equivalent, individual dose rate equivalent and average neutron radiation energy. Extensive uncertainties were obtained in the measurement of these characteristics with a confidence level of 0.95. Calculation of energy spectrum, basic characteristics of neutron radiation and extended uncertainties is performed by the MAXED (maximum entropy and deconvolution) method using the UMG_3.3 software.

The authors have proposed a graphic composition of a management system as a system-transformer. Creation of the system is the first step of predictive analytics and rational choice of research methods. The system is based on the resource and potential concept of management in various fields of activity. Basic composition, which reflects dynamic and static aspects of management can be transformed, according to industry sector, macro-and microeconomic factors of a moment, specific objectives of study.

The aim of this work was to identify morpho-functional and biochemical changes in erythrocytes in students with different daily educational -training regimens after dosed physical exertion. The study involved 50 male students aged 20–22 years who study at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports. Of these, 25 were untrained students (control group) and 25 were students studying for the highest sports qualification who were engaged in sports in which training was conducted to improve overall endurance (skiing, biathlon, long-distance running). At the end of the school year, all students were required to carry out a single session involving physical loading of maximum intensity on a veloergometer. According to the results of the questionnaire, it was found that the combination of intensive training and training processes caused a mismatch between the functional capabilities of the students’ and athletes’ biological systems and the increased volume and intensity of their psycho-physical loading, which is closely correlated with a decrease in their level of physical health. In the blood of untrained students, under the influence of dosed physical activity, reversibly altered forms of erythrocytes appeared, which accounted for 2.0% of the total number of erythrocytes. In the morphological study of student athletes, an increase in the content of reversibly and irreversibly altered erythrocytes was observed, the number of which exceeded 2.0% of the total number of erythrocytes. In individual student athletes echinocytes with small-focal microdefects of the outer membrane were observed in the peripheral blood, as well as acanthocytes and stomatocytes, which have low resistance to acid hemolysis. The mechanism of this phenomenon is a decrease in the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase, which leads to a deficiency of reduced glutathione in erythrocytes. Such cells under the influence of oxidizing agents quickly undergo lysis, which is manifested by a violation of their structural integrity. This can lead to the development of “anemia of loading”, which is manifested by a decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin and the number of erythrocytes with their morphometric recalibration due to the appearance of macro-microcytic forms. The presence of such changes can adversely affect both the athletic performance and the state of health of students. This requires appropriate correction of the training process, as well as the development and timely application of adequate measures aimed at eliminating the development of the pathological process and eliminating possible undesirable consequences.

Objective. To study the clinical manifestations of CNS lesions caused by different factors in patients with HIV disease progression.Materials and methods. The study involved 128 ART naïve HIV patients with CD4 cell counts

The clinical case of mycobacteriosis caused by drug resistant strains of M. avium (subspecies of hominissuis), was observed in the patient su}ering from HIV at the stage of AIDS. The severity of immune deficiency and the absence of opportunity for antibacterial and antiviral therapy promoted the rapid progression of mycobacteriosis, early lymphogeneous generalization and the lethal outcome in 16 months from the start of the disease. Mycobacteriosis in this clinical case was specifically characterized by the massive bacterial semination, the absence of specific granulomatous changes in parenchymal organs, massive lesion of lymph nodes with extensive necrosis and the presence of para-specific changes. It highlights the similarity of mycobacteriosis pathogenesis with pathogenesis of primary tuberculosis.

For evaluation of importance of each of the leading clinical and laboratory signs of infectious mononucleosis the authors conducted a statistical analysis of the data from 280 patients aging from 10 months to 34 years of age. The analysis was carried out with the use of nonparametric statistical method analysis (ranking analysis of variance and concordance by M. Kendall). Three basic clinic pathogenetic syndromes (lymphoproliferative — tonsillar, lymphoproliferative — parenchymal, lymphostasis ectodermal). Characteristics of laboratory syndrome of immune imbalance are given. An algorithm for the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis with the inclusion of clinical, laboratory, instrumental, immunological studies is suggested.