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2. Association of Ambulance Diversion Policy on EMS Transport and Ambulance Patient Offload Times: A Comparison of Three Strategies.

Author

Farah, Jennifer, Noste, Erin E., Smith, Joshua, Koenig, Kristi L., and Farcas, Andra M.

Subjects
PATIENTS, STATISTICAL significance, EMERGENCY medical services, HOSPITALS, RETROSPECTIVE studies, MANN Whitney U Test, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, EMERGENCY medical services communication systems, CONTENT mining, DATA analysis software, TRANSPORTATION of patients, TIME
Abstract

Objectives: Despite limited supporting data, hospitals continue to apply ambulance diversion (AD). Thus, we examined the impact of three different diversion policies on diversion hours, transport time (TT; leaving scene to arrival at the hospital), and ambulance patient offload time (APOT; arrival at the hospital to patient turnover to hospital staff) for 9-1-1 transports in a 22-hospital county Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system. Methods: This retrospective study evaluated metrics during periods of three AD policies, each 27 days long: hospital-initiated (Period 1), complete suspension (Period 2), and County EMS-initiated (Period 3). We described the median transports and diversion hours, and compared the daily average and daily 90th percentile TT and APOT during the three study periods. Results: Over the study period, there were 50,992 total transports in the county; Period 3 had fewer median transports per day than Period 1 (581 vs 623, p < 0.001), while Period 2 was similar to Period 1 (606 vs 623, p = 0.108). Median average daily diversion hours decreased from 98.1 h during Period 1 to zero hours during both Periods 2 (p < 0.001) and 3 (p < 0.001). Median daily average TT decreased from 18.3 min in Period 1 to 16.9 min in both Periods 2 (p < 0.001) and 3 (p < 0.001). Median daily 90th percentile TT showed a similar decrease from 30.2 min in Period 1 to 27.5 in Period 2 (p < 0.001), and to 28.1 in Period 3 (p = 0.001). Median average daily APOT was 26.0 min during Period 1, similar at 25.2 min during Period 2 (p = 0.826) and decreased to 20.4 min during Period 3 (p < 0.001). The median daily 90th percentile APOT was 53.9 min during Period 1, similar at 51.7 min during Period 2 (p = 0.553) and decreased to 40.3 min during Period 3 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Compared to hospital-initiated AD, enacting no AD or County EMS-initiated AD was associated with less diversion time; TT and APOT showed statistically significant improvement without hospital-initiated AD but were of unclear clinical significance. EMS-initiated AD was difficult to interpret as that period had significantly fewer transports. EMS systems should consider these findings when developing strategies to improve TT, APOT, and system use of diversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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5. Localizing health emergency preparedness and response: emergency medical team development and operations in Pacific island countries and areas.

Author

Casey, Sean T., Noste, Erin, Cook, Anthony T., Larsen, Jan-Erik, Ferguson, Simon CowieMay M., and Beauchemin, Pierre-Yves

Subjects
MEDICAL care, PACIFIC Islanders, EMERGENCY medical personnel
Abstract

This article provides an overview of the development and operations of emergency medical teams (EMTs) in Pacific island countries and areas. The World Health Organization (WHO) has been collaborating with member states and non-governmental organizations since 2010 to establish a network of deployable clinical rapid response teams. Pacific governments have invested in national response capacities, including the establishment of self-sufficient national EMTs, in response to natural disasters and disease outbreaks. These teams have undergone training based on WHO's Blue Book, with adaptations for the unique challenges of Pacific island contexts. The article also highlights the expansion of EMT development to additional Pacific island countries and areas, with support from various donor partners. Pacific EMTs, classified as "Type 1," vary in size and composition based on available resources. The FEMAT team achieved international classification in 2019 and has been deployed for multiple national emergencies, including tropical cyclones and COVID-19 response. Other Pacific EMTs, such as SOLMAT, TEMAT, and VANMAT, have also been deployed for various emergencies and outbreaks. These achievements demonstrate that even small and developing countries can develop and mobilize professional EMTs capable of providing timely and high-quality responses to emergencies. The article emphasizes the opportunities for Pacific EMTs to continue improving through training, research, and evaluation of their operations. The development of Pacific EMTs has been supported by various organizations and governments. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023
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6. Tailoring a national emergency medical team training package for Pacific island countries and areas.

Author

Noste, Erin Elizabeth, Cook, Anthony T., Larsen, Jan-Erik, Cowie, Simon, and Casey, Sean T.

Subjects
MEDICAL emergencies, MEDICAL simulation, HUNGA Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Eruption & Tsunami, 2022, MOBILE hospitals
Abstract

This article explores the development and training of national emergency medical teams (EMTs) in Pacific island countries and areas (PICs). The unique challenges faced by PICs, such as their remote locations and vulnerability to disasters and climate change, highlight the necessity of EMTs. The training program for Pacific EMTs is based on global standards but has been customized to suit the specific contexts of small Pacific islands. The program covers various areas, including administration, clinical care, and operational logistics, and incorporates hands-on activities and discussions. The article emphasizes the importance of preparedness for deploying mobile clinical response teams in PICs. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023
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8. Mass Immunizations: A Pocket Guide

Author

Rice, Kathleen, primary, Backer, Howard, additional, McFadden, Honda, additional, Bode, Jessica, additional, Metzner, Mitch, additional, Noste, Erin, additional, and Devereaux, Asha V., additional

Published
2023
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13. Reduction in Hospital Transfers at a US COVID-19 Alternate Care Site: Maintaining Surge Capacity Support in Imperial County, California

Author

Zhang, Frank W., primary, Meghoo, Colin A., additional, Staats, Katherine L., additional, Hayes, Elizabeth Perkins, additional, Metzner, Mitch, additional, Sobel, Julia, additional, Hultquist, Eric, additional, Noste, Erin E., additional, Wright, Charles E., additional, Devereaux, Asha, additional, and Backer, Howard, additional

Published
2022
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14. Authorship representation in global emergency medicine: a bibliometric analysis from 2016 to 2020

Author

Garbern, Stephanie Chow, primary, Hyuha, Gimbo, additional, González Marqués, Catalina, additional, Baig, Noor, additional, Chan, Jennifer L, additional, Dutta, Sanjukta, additional, Gulamhussein, Masuma A, additional, López Terán, Gloria Paulina, additional, Manji, Hussein Karim, additional, Mdundo, Winnie K, additional, Moresky, Rachel T, additional, Mussa, Raya Yusuph, additional, Noste, Erin E, additional, Nyirenda, Mulinda, additional, Osei-Ampofo, Maxwell, additional, Rajeev, Sindhya, additional, Sawe, Hendry R, additional, Simbila, Alphonce Nsabi, additional, Thilakasiri, M.C. Kaushila, additional, Turgeon, Nikkole, additional, Wachira, Benjamin W, additional, Yang, Rebecca S, additional, Yussuf, Amne, additional, Zhang, Raina, additional, Zyer, Alishia, additional, and Rees, Chris A, additional

Published
2022
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17. Contributors

Author

Alaska, Yasser A., primary, Aldawas, Abdulaziz D., additional, Alesa, Saleh Ali, additional, Alexander, George A., additional, Alhazmi, Hazem H., additional, Aljerian, Nawfal, additional, AlJohani, Majed, additional, AlKhaldi, Khaldoon H., additional, Allen, Bryant, additional, Alotaibi, Bader S., additional, Alotaibi, Mohammad, additional, Alpert, Evan Avraham, additional, Al-Rasheed, Rakan S., additional, Alshammari, Mai, additional, Alsufyani, Asaad, additional, Amanullah, Siraj, additional, Ardalan, Ali, additional, Artenstein, Andrew W., additional, Aschkenasy, Miriam, additional, Babineau, Matthew R., additional, Babu, Kavita, additional, Bailey, Olivia E., additional, Banner, Gregory T., additional, Barrueto, Fermin, additional, Bartels, Susan A., additional, Becker, Bruce M., additional, Biddinger, Paul D., additional, Blohm, Eike, additional, Blumenthal, Susan R., additional, Borron, Stephen W., additional, Bortolin, Michelangelo, additional, Bouton, Michael, additional, Brewster, Peter, additional, Budd, Churton, additional, Burke, James M., additional, Burkle, Frederick M., additional, Burnett, Lynne Barkley, additional, Cagliuso, Nicholas V., additional, Cahill, John D., additional, Callaway, David W., additional, Caneva, Duane C., additional, Canther, David M., additional, Cattamanchi, Srihari, additional, Cetaruk, Edward W., additional, Chang, James C., additional, Charles-Marcel, Zeno L., additional, Cheh, Anna I., additional, Chiu, David T., additional, Ciccone, Teriggi J., additional, Ciottone, Gregory R., additional, Ciottone, Jonathan Peter, additional, Ciottone, Robert A., additional, Clapp, Diana, additional, Cohen, Raphael G., additional, Conlon, Kathe M., additional, Cono, Joanne, additional, Cranmer, Hilarie, additional, Cunningham, Cord W., additional, Cunnion, Steven O., additional, Curcio, Alison Sisitsky, additional, Darling, Robert G., additional, Davids, Neil B., additional, Davis, Timothy E., additional, Deitchman, Scott, additional, Delaney, John B., additional, Corte, Francesco Della, additional, DeMers, Gerard, additional, Dickerson, William E., additional, Dilling, Sharon, additional, Djalali, Ahmadreza, additional, Donahue, Joseph, additional, Dyer, K. Sophia, additional, Dylik, Jason, additional, Easter, Benjamin, additional, Ebbeling, Laura, additional, Eyal, Nir, additional, Eyre, Andrew J., additional, Fares, Saleh, additional, Farmer, Katherine, additional, FitzGerald, Denis J., additional, Foley, Elizabeth, additional, Fosher, Kerry, additional, Freeman, David, additional, Freitas, Robert L., additional, Friedman, Franklin D., additional, Fung, Frederick, additional, Gallahue, Fiona E., additional, Gans, Lucille, additional, Garbern, Stephanie Chow, additional, Gebhart, Mark E., additional, Geiling, James, additional, Geyer, Brian C., additional, Giordano, Mary Jo, additional, Gluckman, William A., additional, Goudie, J. Scott, additional, Gougelet, Robert M., additional, Graboyes, Benjamin, additional, Greenberg, Michael I., additional, Greenough, P. Gregg, additional, Greiner, Ashley L., additional, Greve, Mark, additional, Grosse, Stephen, additional, Grossman, Shamai A., additional, Guidotti, Tee L., additional, Hack, Jason B., additional, Hall, Matthew M., additional, Hardin, John W., additional, Hick, John L., additional, Hiremath, Nishanth S., additional, Horng, Steven, additional, Horning, Geoffrey D., additional, Horst, Kurt R., additional, Hosin, Ali A., additional, Hosin, Amer, additional, House, Hans R., additional, Ingrassia, Pier Luigi, additional, Jackson, Patrick M., additional, Jacoby, Irving “Jake”, additional, Jaiswal, Rajnish, additional, Janicki, Adam J., additional, Jay, Gregory, additional, John, Miriam, additional, Johnson, Shawn E., additional, Johnston, James R., additional, Jones, Jerrilyn, additional, Jones, Michael D., additional, Joseph, Josh W., additional, Joseph, Patrice, additional, Kearney, Alexis, additional, Keen, Donald, additional, Keim, Mark E., additional, Kenez, Elizabeth, additional, Kennedy, Katharyn E., additional, Khan, Anas A., additional, Kharod, Chetan U., additional, Kim, Sylvia H., additional, King, Kevin, additional, Kirk, Mark A., additional, Kobayashi, Leo, additional, Kulchycki, Lara K., additional, Kulkarni, Rick G., additional, Lauro, Joseph, additional, Lawner, Benjamin J., additional, Le, David V., additional, Lee, Debra, additional, Lee, Terrance T., additional, Lemery, Jay, additional, Linder, Jeanette A., additional, Linder, Lawrence S., additional, Loesch, Michael A., additional, Long, Heather, additional, Longley-Wood, Kate, additional, Mack, Michael D., additional, Mackay, John M., additional, Macnow, Laura, additional, Madsen, James M., additional, Maguire, Brian J., additional, Maher, Patrick J., additional, Mahon, Selwyn E., additional, Malone, John D., additional, Mangini, Marco, additional, Maniscalco, Paul M., additional, Marcozzi, David, additional, Marghella, Pietro D., additional, Matthews, Jeff, additional, McCahill, Peter, additional, McKay, Sean D., additional, Mecham, C. Crawford, additional, Mehta, Mandana, additional, Meinhardt, Patricia L., additional, Melville, Laura Diane, additional, Mills, Angela M., additional, Milsten, Andrew M., additional, Mitchell, Clifford S., additional, Molé, Dale M., additional, Molloy, Michael Sean, additional, Moloney, John, additional, Morelli, Ilaria, additional, Mothershead, Jerry L., additional, Mulhern, John, additional, Mullendore, Nicole F., additional, Nathanson, Larry A., additional, Nelson, Amelia Marie, additional, Nelson, Erica L., additional, Nelson, Lewis S., additional, Nichols, Carey, additional, Nocera, Mariann, additional, Noste, Erin E., additional, Ordun, Catherine Y., additional, Panagos, Peter D., additional, Partridge, Robert, additional, Paul, Jeffrey S., additional, Pettit, Catherine, additional, Pfaff, James, additional, Phillips, James P., additional, Pickett, Jason, additional, Porcaro, William, additional, Postel, Thérèse M., additional, Pozner, Charles N., additional, Vidyalakshmi, P.R., additional, Proano, Lawrence, additional, Pruitt, Peter B., additional, Rabrich, Jeffrey S., additional, Race, Jeffrey D., additional, Ragazzoni, Luca, additional, Rahman-Kahn, Najma, additional, Reed, Kristin Allyce, additional, Reenstra, Wende R., additional, Rega, Paul P., additional, Reilly, Michael J., additional, Reisner, Andrew T., additional, Restuccia, Marc C., additional, Rifino, James J., additional, Riley, James Michael, additional, Robben, Paul M., additional, Ryan, Kevin M., additional, Rybasack-Smith, Heather, additional, Sanchez, Leon D., additional, Sarin, Ritu R., additional, Schnelle, Debra D., additional, Schwind, Valarie, additional, Seheult, Malcolm, additional, Sethuraman, Kinjal N., additional, Shapiro, Geoffrey L., additional, Shapiro, Marc J., additional, Shen, Sam, additional, Shepherd, Suzanne M., additional, Shoff, William H., additional, Sisson, Craig, additional, Skog, Alexander P., additional, Slutzman, Jonathan E., additional, Smith, Devin M., additional, Smith, E. Reed, additional, Smith, Jack E., additional, Smulowitz, Peter B., additional, Snyder, Angela M., additional, Solano, Joshua J., additional, Sorenson, John, additional, Stanford, Kimberly A., additional, Stewart, Charles, additional, Stewart, M. Kathleen, additional, Sulis, Carol, additional, Tashjian, Robert J., additional, Temin, Elizabeth S., additional, Tenner, Andrea G., additional, Thorne, Craig D., additional, Tracy, Jason A., additional, Trounce, Milana, additional, Valente, Jonathan Harris, additional, Venier, Alice, additional, Vilas, Faith, additional, Vilke, Gary M., additional, Villano, Janna H., additional, Vogt, Barbara, additional, Voskanyan, Amalia, additional, Weiner, Scott G., additional, Weinstein, Brielle, additional, Weinstein, Eric S., additional, Weir, Scott D., additional, Werner, Roy Karl, additional, Wiener, Sage W., additional, Williams, Kenneth A., additional, Wing, Robyn, additional, Wong, Wendy Hin-Wing, additional, Wolfe, Richard E., additional, Wood, Stephen P., additional, Woolard, Robert H., additional, Wuthisuthimethawee, Prasit, additional, Yeskey, Kevin, additional, Yousif, Sami A., additional, Youssef, Nadine A., additional, and Yun, Brian J., additional

Published
2016
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19. Strengthening health emergency response capacity in Kiribati: establishing the Kiribati Medical Assistance Team (KIRIMAT).

Author

Casey, Sean T., Ferguson, Anthony T. CookMay M., Noste, Erin, Mweek, Katarake T., Rekenibaie, Tabutoa Eria, and Snowdon, Wendy

Subjects
MEDICAL care, MEDICAL assistance
Abstract

The article discusses the establishment of the Kiribati Medical Assistance Team (KIRIMAT) in Kiribati, a small island nation in the Pacific. Kiribati is vulnerable to climate change and rising sea levels, and its health services face challenges in responding to emergencies due to transport limitations and human resource constraints. KIRIMAT was launched in 2022 to serve as a deployable clinical capacity for health emergency response, with a focus on reaching remote outer islands. The team underwent training and has a cache of equipment and supplies to support their deployments. This initiative strengthens Kiribati's ability to respond to emergencies and improves coordination with international emergency medical teams. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023
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20. Medical Support for California Wildfire Response

Author

Backer, Howard, primary, Duncan, David, additional, Christensen, Kate, additional, Devereaux, Asha, additional, Rosen, Brett, additional, Noste, Erin, additional, Wright, Chuck, additional, and Johnson, Craig, additional

Published
2021
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21. Oxygen and Ventilator Logistics During California’s COVID-19 Surge: When Oxygen Becomes a Scarce Resource

Author

Devereaux, Asha V., primary, Backer, Howard, additional, Salami, Arzoo, additional, Wright, Chuck, additional, Christensen, Kate, additional, Rice, Kathleen, additional, Jakel-Smith, Cindy, additional, Metzner, Mitch, additional, Bains, Jasmeet K., additional, Staats, Kathy, additional, Branson, Richard, additional, Pierce, Markell, additional, Noste, Erin, additional, and Duncan, David, additional

Published
2021
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24. Development and Implementation of Short Courses to Support the Establishment of a Prehospital System in Sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons Learned from Tanzania

Author

Sawe, Hendry R., primary, Mfinanga, Juma A., additional, Kisakeni, Samwel, additional, Shao, Patrick, additional, Nkondora, Paulina, additional, White, Libby, additional, Bollinger, Christina, additional, Kulola, Irene B., additional, George, Upendo N., additional, Runyon, Michael S., additional, and Noste, Erin, additional

Published
2019
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30. Regarding the ‘Joint statement from the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACS COT) and the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) regarding the clinical use of Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA)’

Author

Allen, Bryant K, primary, Callaway, David W, additional, Gibbs, Michael, additional, Noste, Erin, additional, West, Kathryn, additional, Johnson, M Austin, additional, Caro, David, additional, and Godwin, Andy, additional

Published
2018
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32. Reduction in Hospital Transfers at a US COVID-19 Alternate Care Site: Maintaining Surge Capacity Support in Imperial County, California

Author

Zhang, Frank W., Meghoo, Colin A., Staats, Katherine L., Hayes, Elizabeth Perkins, Metzner, Mitch, Sobel, Julia, Hultquist, Eric, Noste, Erin E., Wright, Charles E., Devereaux, Asha, and Backer, Howard

Abstract

AbstractObjective:The transfer rate for patients from an Alternate Care Site (ACS) back to a hospital may serve as a metric of appropriate patient selection and the ability of an ACS to treat moderate to severely ill patients accepted from overwhelmed health-care systems. During the coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, hospitals worldwide experienced acute surges of patients presenting with acute respiratory failure.Methods:An ACS in Imperial County, California was re-established in November 2020 to help decompress 2 local hospitals experiencing surges of COVID-19 cases. The patients treated often had multiple comorbid illnesses and required a median supplemental oxygen of 3 L/min (LPM) on admission. Numerous interventions were initiated during a 2-wk period to improve clinical care delivery.Results:The objectives of this retrospective observational study are to evaluate the impact of these clinical and staff interventions at an ACS on the transfer rate and to provide issues to consider for future ACS sites managing COVID-19 patients.Conclusions:The data suggest that continuous, real-time process-improvement interventions helped reduce the transfer rate back to hospitals from 36.7% to 14.5% and that an ACS is a viable option for managing symptomatic COVID-19 positive patients requiring hospital-level care when hospitals are overburdened.

Published
2023
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33. Medical Support for California Wildfire Response

Author

Backer, Howard, Duncan, David, Christensen, Kate, Devereaux, Asha, Rosen, Brett, Noste, Erin, Wright, Chuck, and Johnson, Craig

Abstract

AbstractWildfires have become a regular seasonal disaster across the Western region of the United States. Wildfires require a multifaceted disaster response. In addition to fire suppression, there are public health and medical needs for responders and the general population in the path of the fire, as well as a much larger population impacted by smoke. This paper describes key aspects of the health and medical response to wildfires in California, including facility evacuation and shelter medical support, with emphasis on the organization, coordination, and management of medical teams deployed to fire incident base camps. This provides 1 model of medical support and references resources to help other jurisdictions that must respond to the rising incidence of large wildland fires.

Published
2023
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34. Oxygen and Ventilator Logistics During California’s COVID-19 Surge: When Oxygen Becomes a Scarce Resource

Author

Devereaux, Asha V., Backer, Howard, Salami, Arzoo, Wright, Chuck, Christensen, Kate, Rice, Kathleen, Jakel-Smith, Cindy, Metzner, Mitch, Bains, Jasmeet K., Staats, Kathy, Branson, Richard, Pierce, Markell, Noste, Erin, and Duncan, David

Abstract

AbstractThe state of California, in the United States of America, has a population of nearly 40 million people and is the 5th largest economy in the world. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020-2021, the state experienced a medical surge that stressed its sophisticated health-care and public health system. During this period, ventilators, oxygen, and other equipment necessary for providing ventilatory support became a scarce resource in many health-care settings. When demand overwhelms supply, creative solutions are required at all levels of disaster management and health care. This study describes the disaster response by the state of California to mitigate the emergency demands for oxygen delivery resources.

Published
2023
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35. Development and Procurement of a National Emergency Medical Team (EMT) Cache for Pacific Island Countries.

Author

Beauchamin, Pierre-Yves, Chandler, Drew R., Noste, Erin E., Larsen, Jan-Erik, Cook, Anthony T., and Casey, Sean T.

Subjects
MEDICAL emergencies, TRANSPORT planes, ISLANDS, EMERGENCY management, SELF-reliant living
Abstract

Background/Introduction: Pacific Island Countries and Areas (PICs) represent some of the most logistically challenging locations, covering vast ocean territory and remote islands. Light, mobile clinical response capability is critical in the disaster-prone Pacific. Beginning in January 2021, WHO researched, tailored, and procured EMT cache "kits" specifically for Pacific Island contexts, based on the core standards of the global EMT initiative. Objectives: To research, tailor, and procure cache "kits" to ensure self-sufficiency and high-quality out-patient mobile medical care for national EMTs in PICs. Method/Description: WHO facilitated the development of national cache kits for 10 PICs EMTs. A need for specialized equipment and supplies or "cache" for team self-reliance is critical. Through a consultative process, including Pacific EMT leadership and team members, EMT mentors, and regional partners, WHO curated and procured cache kits for 10 PICs EMTs. Results/Outcomes: The Pacific EMT cache kit is designed for four-to-six-person teams with the capacity to deploy for a minimum of three days, with full self-sufficiency. Because of the complex and remote access to many Pacific Islands, EMT cache must be practical for transport on small aircrafts and maritime vessels. A consultative process resulted in a curated cache list for Pacific national EMTs of over 125 items, estimated to weigh approximately 440 kilograms per kit. By the end of 2022, a total 31 kits will be delivered to EMTs in ten countries. Conclusion: The design, development, and procurement of Pacific EMT cache for national response operations will allow for increased speed and agility for response to disasters and public health emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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36. Utilization of Alternate Care Sites During the COVID-19 Surge and Mass Care: California, 2020–2021

Author

Christensen, Kate, Metzner, Mitch, Lovett-Floom, LeAnne, Lindsay, Carol, Meghoo, Colin A., Staats, Kathy, Devereaux, Asha, Noste, Erin, and Backer, Howard

Abstract

AbstractThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused critical hospital bed and staffing shortages in parts of California for most of 2020 and 2021. Alternate Care Sites (ACS) were established in several regions to alleviate the hospital patient surge and to maximize staffed bed capacity. Over 1900 patients were successfully provided medical care (with physician, nursing, respiratory therapy, oxygen, and pharmacy services) in relatively austere settings. This paper examines the challenges faced at these ACS facilities and how adaptations were incorporated according to the changing dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic to successfully manage higher acuity patients. ACS facilities were 1 approach to California’s surge of COVID-19 patients, despite limited medical supplies and staffing.

Published
2023
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37. Modifying routine emergency medical team introductory training to a virtual storytelling ( talanoa ) format for Pacific island countries and areas.

Author

Cook AT, Casey ST, and Noste EE

Subjects
Humans, Pacific Islands, Emergency Medical Services, Patient Care Team organization & administration, Narration
Abstract

Competing Interests: STC is an associate editor of the Western Pacific Surveillance and Response journal. He was not involved in the editorial decision to publish this article. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Published
2024
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38. Localizing health emergency preparedness and response: emergency medical team development and operations in Pacific island countries and areas.

Author

Casey ST, Noste E, Cook AT, Larsen JE, Cowie S, Ferguson MM, and Beauchemin PY

Subjects
Humans, Pacific Islands, Civil Defense, Disaster Planning
Abstract

Competing Interests: STC and JEL are associate editors of the Western Pacific Surveillance and Response journal. They were not involved in the editorial decision to publish this article. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Published
2023
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