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This work aimed to evaluate the lactoferrin (LF) effect on arsenic (As) and imidacloprid (IMI) toxicity in broiler chicks. One-week old broiler chicks (n=105) were divided into seven groups (x15 each). The animals were orally supplemented with As, IMI, and/or LF for 4 weeks as follows: Control (G1) no supplements, G2 supplemented with As, G3 supplemented with IMI, G4 supplemented with As+IMI, G5 supplemented with As+LF, G6 supplemented with IMI+LF, G7 supplemented with As+IMI+LF. Body weight and weight gain were recorded on weekly interval. Blood, serum, liver, kidney, and muscle samples were collected at the end of the experimental period for biochemical and histopathological examination. Body weight performance, hematological, serum, and liver tissue biochemical analysis revealed adverse changes in G2, G3, and G4 compared to control, G5, G6, and G7. There was higher tissue residue of As and IMI in G4 compared to G5, G6, and G7. Liver histopathological changes in the groups supplemented with As and/or IMI were observed with necrosis, congestion, and inflammatory cell aggregates. The use of LF in broiler chicks improves weight gain performance and modulates the adverse effects of As and/or IMI toxicity.

Calves during the suckling period have serious attention and induce immense bearing on early maturity and production. This work aimed to scrutinize the affections of garlic oil supplements on antioxidants, oxidative stress, and immune response in suckling buffalo calves. To achieve this aim we used twenty suckling buffalo calves, and divided them into two groups. The first group (n=10) did not receive any supplement, and the second group (n=10) received garlic oil as a supplement 5 mL/calf/day orally for 7 days. Whole blood and serum samples were collected on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th day of supplement from all calves. Our data showed that the supplemented garlic oil significantly increase lysated blood and serum SOD, CAT, GSH, and TAC levels, while a gradual decrease in MDA and non-significant changes in NO as indicators of oxidative stress, associated with a significant increase in serum vitamins A and E, selenium, iron, and zinc. Total protein, albumin, globulin, γ1, γ2, α1, α2 were gradually and significantly increased in comparison with the non-supplemented control group. In conclusion, garlic oil supplement have promotives effects on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant system, immunity, nutrient utilization required for immunity modulation and regulation in calves.

Zinc nanoparticles have a positive effect in enhancing growth and improving immunity, so this work aimed to investigate the role of Nano-zinc oxide as an immune stimulant and treatment of zinc deficient lambs in comparison with zinc in ordinary size. Thirty lambs were used and divided into three groups, the 1st group (N=10) control healthy group, the 2nd group (N=10) lambs suffered from zinc deficiency and treated with Nano-zinc oxide (nZnO), the 3rd group (N=10) lambs suffered from zinc deficiency treated with zinc oxide (ZnO) ordinary size. Serum samples were collected at zero-day (0-day), 7th, and 15th days of experiment. The serum analysis results of the zinc-deficient groups at 0-days revealed hypozincaemia, hypovitaminosis A and E, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypoglobulinemia, decreased antioxidant (SOD, TAC, CAT, GSH) and immunoglobulin (γ2, γ1, β2, β1), while increased MDA, α2, and α1 compared to control healthy group. Most of parameters revealed rapid recovery from the 7th day of experiment in the nZnO group rather than the ZnO group. Some parameters of SOD, total protein, globulin, γ2, γ1, α2, and α1 appeared on the 7th day of experiment of the nZnO group significantly increased compared to the control healthy group, which revealed an improvement in the immune response. In conclusion; nZnO induced rapid recovery, and improved both immunity and antioxidants than zinc oxide ordinary sized.