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El objetivo del presente trabajo es ayudar a lograr aprendizajes significativos y mejor comprensión por parte de los estudiantes que cursan Cinética Química y Principios de Diseño de Reactores en carreras del área de química. Se presenta una estrategia didáctica empleando el solver de Excel para la solución analítica de un sistema de ecuaciones generadas para la determinar el tamaño óptimo de reactores CSTR que operan en serie de manera isotérmica e isobárica. El procedimiento involucra conocer la conversión intermedia lograda por cada reactor para determinar del volumen óptimo de cada unidad, el cual es descrito por el método de la maximización del área de rectángulos sobre la curva de Levenspiel la cual es extrapolable a “n” unidades de reactores, a diferencia del método gráfico, que es iterativo y solamente práctico hasta tres unidades

Con el objetivo de mejorar la enseñanza aprendizaje de la tabla periódica en estudiantes con discapacidad visual para la inclusión educativa, se presentan dos estudios de caso con estudiantes del nivel medio superior. En el primer estudio de caso las clases se realizaron en línea y en el segundo caso la clase fue presencial. Se utilizaron materiales con formato accesible para explicar el tema de tabla periódica y sus propiedades. Para las actividades, se utilizaron maquetas de la tabla periódica con texturas y código Braille. Finalmente, se realizó una evaluación guiada. La evaluación cuantitativa indicó que las estudiantes lograron reconocer, comprender y aplicar la composición de la tabla periódica, así como sus propiedades como radio atómico, electronegatividad y potencial de ionización. En ambas experiencias las estudiantes se asombraron al tocar las tablas y sus comentarios al respecto fueron muy positivos. Por los resultados obtenidos y los comentarios de las estudiantes esta estrategia resultó exitosa en ambos casos y puede ser aplicada en estudiantes con discapacidad visual para contribuir a la inclusión educativa.

En esta contribución se da cuenta de la distinta comprensión acerca de la exigencia de la propuesta previa de la entidad pública cuando se trata de una solicitud de adopción en España de un menor marroquí sujeto a un acogimiento familiar en virtud de una kafala constituida en Marruecos. La aplicación del mandato del art. 19.4 LAI que prohíbe la constitución de la adopción en España cuando la ley personal del menor no contempla esta institución resulta relevante para el correcto encaje de la discutida exigencia de la propuesta previa. Fuera de las excepciones previstas en la propia norma, no cabe constituir la adopción en España en estos supuestos.

Objective: To analyse the longitudinal effect of a supervised mild-moderate physical exercise program during pregnancy on uteroplacental and fetal Doppler. Design: Planned secondary analysis of an RCT Setting: Hospital Universitario de Torrejón, Madrid-Spain Sample: 124 women were randomized at 12+0-15+6 weeks to exercise vs non-exercise. Methods: Obstetric appointments were scheduled at about 12, 20, 28 and 36 weeks of gestation. GEE models were adjusted to assess longitudinal changes in Doppler measurements according to randomization group. Main Outcome Measures: Fetal middle cerebral artery, umbilical artery, cerebral placental ratio and uterine artery pulsatility index, were longitudinally measured by Doppler ultrasound throughout gestation, and normalized by MoMs or z-score calculation Results: No significant differences in fetal or maternal Doppler measurements were found at any check-up time-points. However, umbilical artery behaved differently in the exercise group where, starting from a not significantly higher pulsatility index, it showed a continuous decrease during pregnancy to a lower level than the non-exercise group, in which it remained unmodified throughout pregnancy. Conclusion: A regular supervised mild-moderate exercise program during pregnancy does not deteriorate fetal or maternal Doppler, suggesting that fetal wellbeing is not compromised. UAPI z-score decreases during pregnancy in the exercise group, while it remains stable in the non-exercise group. Funding statement: Research Grants were provided by Hospital Universitario de Torrejón (Madrid, Spain), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (Madrid, Spain), Sanitas Healthcare and iMaterna Foundation.

This paper explains what the PBL consists of, exposes the role of the teacher and the student in this methodology, and discusses the convenience of using pictograms to determine the convenience of raising in the PBL, problems, or cases. Based on our teaching experience, a taxonomy is proposed to facilitate an awareness of these differences and help teachers choose a problem-based learning method more appropriate for their students. Also, a PBL planning process is presented for an experimental activity and its process evaluation.

Community-based supervised group exercise may be an effective option to increase activity levels throughout pregnancy. Previous studies that have explored predictors of low adherence to exercise during pregnancy have not examined group-based settings. We analysed an international cohort of 347 pregnant women who participated in group-based prenatal exercise interventions (from20 weeks to 34-36 weeks pregnant). Probable adherence predictors informed by previous literature that were assessed included: pre-pregnancy physical activity level and body mass index (BMI) classification, age, number of previous pregnancies, and education level. Adherence was measured by attendance. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to explore the relationship between the selected predictors and high adherence (≥70%). Post-secondary education level versus only secondary (aOR 5.28; CI 1.67; 16.72) or primary level (aOR 13.82; CI 4.30; 44.45) presented greater likelihood to have high adherence to the exercise intervention than low adherence. Future research and public health initiatives should consider implementing strategies to overcome education-related barriers to improve accessibility to prenatal exercise.

espanolEn este comentario se analiza el concepto de emigracion-emigrante-hijo de emigrante a la luz de una resolucion de la DGRN desestimatoria del recurso de apelacion interpuesto con el auto del Consulado General de Espana en Buenos Aires que no inscribio el nacimiento del promotor por “recuperacion de la nacionalidad espanola al no cumplir el requisito de la residencia legal en Espana establecido en el art. 26 del C. civil”. La peculiaridad del supuesto radica en la pretension del promotor de ampliar el concepto de emigrante-hijo de emigrante del art. 26 a un supuesto muy peculiar de emigracion de ida y vuelta. Una ampliacion de criterio que la DGRN no considera aceptable. EnglishOnce Spanish nationality is lost, there is a possibility of recovering it. To do so, it is necessary to meet the following requirements: The interested party must be legally resident in Spain. However, this requirement shall not apply to emigrants or the children of emigrants (art. 26 Civil Code). This commentary analyzes a resolution of the DGRN on the recovery of Spanish nationality. The peculiarity of the case lies in the intention of the promoter to expand the concept of emigrant-children of emigrant of article 26 of the Civil Code to a very peculiar case of a back and forth emigration. An extension of the criterion that the DGRN does not consider acceptable.

It is imperative that a profound transformation be carried out in the traditional way in which we teach science subjects, so it is necessary that the role of student change from being a mere recipient of information to being the main player in the construction of his knowledge. One of the strategies to achieve this is to make use of ICT, within which are educational simulators, as a support resource to facilitate the teaching-learning processes taught in the classroom. The didactic strategy developed in this work was carried out with the PhET (https://phet.colorado.edu) simulator was used to improve the teaching of the Law of Conservation of the Matter and its relationship with chemical reactions. To evaluate the learning acquired by students, the Hake factor was determined. In terms of the implementation of this didactic strategy, students demonstrated greater recognition, understanding, and appropriation of the knowledge gained about the importance of this law in chemical reactions. This teaching strategy is useful for higher middle-level schools that do not have a school science lab.

Los comportamientos antisociales que persisten durante la adolescencia, pueden implicar para el individuo un progresivo proceso de desadaptación social, por el cual los adolescentes van progresivamente alejándose de las normas de sus contextos sociales. La intervención educativa y psicosocial en desadaptación social adolescente requiere de una alta especialización, sin embargo, trabajadores sociales, psicólogos y educadores señalan no contar con competencias claras para hacer eficaces sus intervenciones. Mediante un diseño de casos y controles, se buscó identificar las competencias especializadas a las que debiese responder un programa de formación para la intervención en desadaptación social adolescente. Se entrevistó a ocho profesionales del ámbito psico-socio-educativo que participaron de un proceso de formación especializada (casos) y ocho profesionales sin la formación (controles). Emergieron siete macrocompetencias, validadas ante grupo de expertos: (a) Desarrollar un marco integral, informado y coherente sobre el proceso de inadaptación social de los adolescentes y su contexto de enfoque; (b) Diseñar y desarrollar un proceso de evaluación del / la adolescente de atención; (c) Intervenir con el adolescente; (d) Evidencia de comportamiento ético en la intervención; (e) Desarrollar el autoconocimiento constante del interviniente; (f) Promover y desarrollar una relación de ayuda con el adolescente, y (g) Exhibir comportamientos y habilidades que favorecen el trabajo en equipo. Quienes tienen formación destacan las competencias relacionadas a los conocimientos, una mirada prospectiva y el saber hacer, mientras que quienes no han recibido formación destacan el saber ser. Se discute respecto a la necesidad de enfatizar el saber ser en los procesos de formación.

It is imperative that a profound transformation be carried out in the traditional way in which we teach science subjects, so it is necessary that the role of student change from being a mere recipient of information to being the main player in the construction of his knowledge. One of the strategies to achieve this is to make use of ICT, within which are educational simulators, as a support resource to facilitate the teaching-learning processes taught in the classroom. The didactic strategy developed in this work was carried out with the PhET (https://phet.colorado.edu) simulator was used to improve the learning teaching of the law of conservation of the subject matter and its relationship with chemical reactions. To evaluate the learnings acquired by students, the Hake factor was determined. In terms of the implementation of this didactic strategy, students demonstrated greater recognition, understanding and appropriation of the knowledge gained about the importance of this law in chemical reactions. This teaching strategy is useful for higher middle-level schools that do not have a school science lab.

Se presenta la relación Longitud-Peso y Factor de condición para Prochilodus nigricans (boquichico) y Potamorhina altamazonica (llambina) para la cuenca del río Tahuayo, dos especies de gran importancia comercial y para la pesca de subsistencia en muchos ríos y tributarios en Loreto, Perú. Durante 12 meses se colectaron datos biológicos de 1,114 individuos de las dos especies a partir de las capturas realizadas por los pescadores de la Asociación de Pescadores Artesanales “Puma Garza I”. Los resultados evidenciaron que boquichico tiene un crecimiento isométrico (PT = 0,0126×LT^3.034) y llambina presenta un crecimiento alométrico negativo con diferencias en los parámetros para hembras (PT = 0,0985×LT^2.35) y para machos (PT = 0,0755×LT^2.43). Ambas especies presentaron un factor de condición relativo bueno durante todo el ciclo hidrológico y sus variaciones estuvieron relacionadas a las condiciones hidrológicas de la cuenca. Estas estimaciones proveen las primeras informaciones del crecimiento de estas dos especies en función de la talla y el peso y son de gran utilidad para el conocimiento de los stocks pesqueros de estas especies distribuidas en la cuenca del río Tahuayo.

La pesca a pequeña escala, como la que se desarrolla en la cuenca del río Tahuayo (CRT), ha sido poco estudiada a pesar de su importancia como suministro de proteína para la región. En este trabajo se presentan las principales características ecológicas de la pesca en la CRT a partir del análisis del desembarque pesquero. Entre agosto 2016 y julio 2017, se evaluó la riqueza y composición de especies, biomasa desembarcada y capturas por unidad de esfuerzo (CPUE), por periodos hidrológicos, ambientes acuáticos y comunidades. Las capturas presentaron 62 especies, agrupadas en 23 familias y 7 órdenes, siendo la familia Pimelodidae la más diversa (12 especies). La riqueza de especies fue muy similar entre períodos hidrológicos y entre ambientes acuáticos. El desembarque total ascendió a 13805,38 kg, donde 17 especies representaron el 80,5% de la biomasa. Más del 50% de la biomasa se desembarcó en transición a vaciante y vaciante, principalmente en la comunidad El Chino (71,5%). La CPUE promedio anual para la CRT fue 0,51 kg/hp (DE = 0,046), obteniéndose las capturas más bajas en temporada de creciente y en quebradas (KW, p-valor < 0,05). Las especies más capturadas fueron las carachamas, los grandes bagres, el acarahuazú y el paco, siendo sus mayores capturas en vaciante. Los resultados muestran la importancia de considerar las dinámicas pesqueras de pequeña escala, bajo un enfoque de cuenca que considera un grupo diverso de peces, diferentes ambientes acuáticos y sus dinámicas a lo largo del ciclo hidrológico. Small-scale fishing, such as that of the Tahuayo river basin (CRT) has beenlittle studied despite its importance as a protein supply for the region. Thisarticle presents the fisheries' main ecological features in the CRT based on ofan analysis of fish landings. Between August 2016 and July 2017, the richnessand composition of species, biomass and catches per unit of effort (CPUE) wereevaluated, by hydrological periods, aquatic environments and communities. Thecaptures presented 62 species, grouped into 23 families and 7 orders, with thePimelodidae family being the most diverse (12 species). Species richness wasvery similar between hydrological periods and between aquatic environments.The total landing amounted to 13,805.38 kg, where 17 species represented80.5% of the biomass. More than 50% of the biomass was landed in periods oflow-water, mainly in the community of El Chino (71.5%). The average annualCPUE for the CRT was 0.51 kg / hp (DE=0.046), obtaining the lowest catches inthe high-water season and in streams (KW, p-value

Techniques are needed to train students in "writing to learn"., whose main goal is to "learn to write". This work aims to exemplify how writing can be a teaching learning technique in an example in Chemistry to develop a correct understanding of the preparation of molar solutions in the laboratory. It is essential that this is carried out in the classroom in a way that develops the reflective, analytical and cognitive skills of students. All this within an environment with safety measures at work.

La visitación pública en áreas marinas protegidas en Brasil ha aumentado significativamente en las últimas décadas. Sin embargo, para que esa actividad tenga resultados positivos en términos de conciencia ambiental y conservación de la biodiversidad, es necesario seguir una serie de principios y directrices directamente vinculados al turismo sostenible. Ante este contexto, este estudio caracteriza el turismo en el Refugio de Vida Silvestre (REVIS) de la “Ilha dos Lobos”, en el sur de Brasil, y describe la percepción y el conocimiento de los turistas sobre esta actividad y la unidad de conservación. Para esto, se acompañaron 36 expediciones turísticas entre 2016 y 2018, cuando 109 turistas fueron entrevistados. La mayoría de los paseos se realizaron con una embarcación de 23m de eslora, con capacidad para 188 pasajeros. Como resultado, fue observada una percepción muy positiva de la expedición, especialmente durante la presencia de lobos marinos de un pelo (Otaria flavescens) en la isla. Además, la mayoría de los turistas expresaron un gran interés en conocer más sobre el REVIS y la biodiversidad de la región. Sin embargo, se detectó entre los turistas un gran desconocimiento sobre el REVIS y su fauna asociada, revelando la ausencia de un programa de educación ambiental por parte de la empresa turística. A partir de estos resultados, se sugieren estrategias para auxiliar el desarrollo del ecoturismo en el REVIS, así como a una mayor apreciación de la Unidad de Conservación por parte de la población local. Public visitation in marine protected areas in Brazil has increased significantly in the last decades. However, for visiting activities to have positive results in terms of environmental awareness and conservation of biodiversity, a series of principles and guidelines directly linked to sustainable tourism must be followed. In this context, this article characterizes the tourism in the Wildlife Refuge (REVIS) of Ilha dos Lobos, in southern Brazil, and describes the tourists’ perception and knowledge of this activity and on this marine protected area. Thirty-six boat tours were monitored between 2016 and 2018, when 109 tourists were interviewed. Most of the tours were carried out with a 23m long vessel, with capacity for 188 passengers, which remained for about 5min at a minimum distance of 100m from the island. As a result of the interviews, a very positive perception of the tour was reported, especially during the occurrence of South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens) on the island. Moreover, most tourists expressed a great interest in knowing more about the REVIS and the biodiversity of the region. However, a great lack of knowledge on the REVIS and its associated fauna was detected among tourists, revealing the absence of an environmental educational program by the tourist company. Based on these results, some strategies that may assist in the development of sustainable tourism in the REVIS, as well as in a greater appreciation of the Conservation Unit by the local population are suggested. A visitação pública em áreas marinhas protegidas no Brasil tem aumentado de forma expressiva nas últimas décadas. Contudo, para que as atividades de visitação possam ter resultados positivos em termos de sensibilização ambiental e conservação da biodiversidade, é necessário que seja seguida uma série de princípios e diretrizes diretamente ligados ao turismo sustentável. Diante desse contexto, o objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar o turismo embarcado no Refúgio de Vida Silvestre (REVIS) da Ilha dos Lobos, no sul do Brasil, e descrever a percepção e o conhecimento dos turistas sobre esta atividade e a unidade de conservação. Para tanto, foram acompanhados 36 passeios turísticos entre 2016 e 2018, durante os quais 109 turistas foram entrevistados. A maioria dos passeios foi realizada com uma embarcação de 23m de comprimento, com capacidade para 188 passageiros, a qual permanecia por cerca de 5min a uma distância mínima de 100m da ilha. Como resultado das entrevistas, observou-se uma percepção bastante positiva sobre o passeio, especialmente durante a presença de leões-marinhos-sul-americanos (Otaria flavescens). A maioria dos turistas manifestou um grande interesse em conhecer mais sobre o REVIS e a biodiversidade da região. Contudo, foi detectado um grande desconhecimento por parte dos turistas sobre o REVIS e sua fauna associada, revelando a ausência de um programa de educação ambiental. A partir desses resultados, são sugeridas algumas estratégias que poderão auxiliar no desenvolvimento de um turismo sustentável no REVIS, bem como em uma maior valorização da unidade de conservação pela população local.

Coffee grounds are an organic waste consisting of the ground, roasted and processed grain for the extraction of coffee, being of great volume the waste obtained, which, if not treated and preserved for a long time, emanates unpleasant aromas and becomes an optimal means for the proliferation of flies, and other pests. Activated carbon has the characteristic of being a material that has a large surface area, because of this, it is used in adsorption, which refers to the retention of atoms, ions, and molecules on its surface. In this paper, the production of activated carbon is presented by means of the physicochemical activation of coffee waste by calcining at 900 &deg, C and subsequent activation with sulfuric acid, as well as the Box&ndash, Behnken design of three factors for chromium (III) adsorption optimization. It is determined that the optimal conditions for performing the adsorption are pH = 3 and a contact time of 140 min. According to the analysis of variance for the experimental design, it is determined that the initial chromium formation is not significant for the adsorption process. Under the optimal adsorb conditions of 96%, an application is given to the erasure of coffee for the production of activated carbon, which serves as the adsorbent agent applied to the removal of chromium (III) aqueous. The area of activated carbon obtained is 13657.89 &plusmn, 251.09 m2/g determined by the acetic acid adsorption isotherm method.

A problem-based online learning (PBe-L) teaching sequence was designed for calculating the shelf life (expiration date) of an on-site solution of refrigerated drug as part of activities of a Pharmaceutical Physical Chemistry course of Pharmacy major at FES Cuautitlan UNAM in Mexico. The teacher presents students the problem, a group collaborative activity is carried out to search for information in PBL cycles. Students are then shown a virtual experiment that includes experimental results. Another group collaborative activity is carried out for the search of information, for the procedural analysis of the results. Applying knowledge and understanding of the topics of chemical kinetics, temperature effect on the rate of chemical reactions and drug degradation reactions, etc., students solve the problem. Hake's factor was determined for the conceptual gain. A Likert-type satisfaction survey was conducted and compared to the results of a group that was applied to the PBL strategy in person. At the end of the sequence students achieved recognition, comprehension and application learnings and conceptual gain was high. Allowing an integration of its cognitive framework of kinetics topics.

espanolEl modelo transdiagnostico permite explicar y desarrollar tratamientos basados en la etiologia y factores mantenedores de las psicopatologias comorbidas, no obstante, las relaciones entre sus variables explicativas aun requieren investigacion. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue desarrollar un modelo estructural que incluye las variables transdiagnosticas: afecto positivo y negativo, intolerancia a la incertidumbre y sensibilidad a la ansiedad, en problemas emocionales como ansiedad y depresion. Se llevo a cabo una investigacion cuantitativa con un diseno transversal explicativo en el cual se definio una red estructural de relaciones entre constructos mediante un diagrama de senderos y ecuaciones estructurales. Se conformo una muestra no probabilistica intencional de 486 colombianos entre 20 y 40 anos. Para evaluar el ajuste del modelo se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos: Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3), Intolerance Uncertainty Scale (IUS), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) y Beck Depression Inventory, second edition, Spanish version (BDI-II). Los resultados indicaron correlaciones significativas entre las variables transdiagnosticas y las sintomaticas (sintomas de depresion y ansiedad), mediante un modelo ajustado que permitio explicar la capacidad predictiva de la sensibilidad a la ansiedad con los sintomas de ansiedad, y la intolerancia a la incertidumbre con los sintomas de depresion, ambas variables transdiagnosticas asociadas al afecto positivo y negativo como predictores de los sintomas emocionales ansiosos y depresivos (R2 = .74) EnglishThe transdiagnostic model allows explaining and developing treatments based on the etiology and maintenance factors of comorbid psychopathologies; however, the relationships between its explanatory variables still require investigation. The purpose of this paper was to develop a structural model that includes these transdiagnostic variables: positive and negative affect, intolerance to uncertainty and anxiety sensitivity, in emotional problems such as anxiety and depression. Quantitative research was carried out with an explanatory cross-sectional design in which a structural network of relationships between constructs was defined using a diagram of paths and structural equations. 486 Colombians between the ages of 20 and 40 were intentionally randomly sampled. The following instruments were used to assess the fitting of the model: Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3), Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory, second edition, Spanish version (BDI-II). The results showed significant correlations between transdiagnostic and symptomatic variables (depression and anxiety symptoms), using an adjusted model that explained the predictive capacity of anxiety sensitivity with anxiety symptoms, and intolerance of uncertainty with depression symptoms, both transdiagnostic variables associated with positive and negative affect as predictors of anxious and depressive emotional symptoms (R2 = .74).

La Poruna (21°53′S; 68°30′W) is a 140 m high scoria cone composed of pyroclastic material and an extensive basaltic-andesite to andesite lava flow that is up to 8 km in length. Automated mineralogical analysis describes a suite of porphyritic mafic samples, comprising olivine- and pyroxene-bearing rocks. Well-defined major element compositional trends, as well as trace and rare earth element characteristics (e.g. Sr/Y 96 ka) from San Pedro volcano exhibit similar isotopic characteristics, therefore evidence of similar magmatic processes. This new dataset clearly defines magma compositional changes during the La Poruna eruption (ca. 100 ka), revealing an increase in crustal contamination at shallow crustal levels for the younger San Pedro lavas (

With the aim of improving the teaching and learning of chemistry functional groups, a didactic strategy was designed based on real-life situations. This strategy was used at the high school level, in the subject of “Chemistry II.” One group of students was taught functional groups using interactive board software through different dynamics (experimental group), and another group was taught traditionally (control group). Learning was evaluated through a series of questions, exercise solving, and scientific problems. Results indicate that the group of students in which the interactive board software was used achieved higher learning levels in comparison to the control group, which was traditionally taught.

Como a multissensorialidade e o uso somático do corpo podem contribuir para as experiências artísticas, seja no Museu ou sala de aula? Este estudo, entre muitas questões amplas, pretende pensar a experiência estética, através de uma abordagem multissensorial a partir da inclusão como equiparação de oportunidades e da acessibilidade como amplo recurso mediador. Os recursos de mediação multissensoriais colaboram para a melhoria da interação de todos, videntes ou não frente a arte e seus processos, a partir do entendimento do corpo como um todo integrado, sensível. How the multisensoriality and somatic use of the body can contribute to the artistic experience, either in the museum or in the classroom? This study aims to think the aesthetic experience, through a multisensory approach to visually impaired starting from the inclusion as equal rights and access to broad mediator feature. The multisensory mediation capabilities collaborate to improve the interaction of all, visionaries or not, against art and its processes, from the understanding of the body as an integrated, responsive whole. Dissertação (Mestrado)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of colistin- and carbapenemic-resistant genes in multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated at the Instituto Materno Perinatal de Lima (2015-2018). Susceptibility levels were analyzed by disk diffusion and microdilution. The presence of colistin- and carbapenemic-resistant genes was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and was related to clonality. A total of 36 K. pneumoniae strains were analyzed, 5 (13.8%) were resistant to colistin and belonged to different clonal groups. Only 2 strains were found with carbapenemases (bla KPC and bla NDM), and no colistin plasmid genes were detected. High resistance levels to the other tested antimicrobials were observed, except for amikacin (13.9%). The results highlight the presence of colistin-resistant strains (33.3% in 2018), a worrying situation as they are part of the latest treatment alternatives for infections caused by multiresistant pathogens.El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los niveles y mecanismos de resistencia a la colistina y a los carbapenémicos en cepas de Klebsiella pneumoniae multidrogorresistente aisladas durante el periodo 2015-2018 en el Instituto Materno Perinatal de Lima. Se analizó la sensibilidad mediante difusión en disco y microdilución. La presencia de genes de resistencia a los carbapenémicos y a la colistina se determinó por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR, por sus siglas en inglés) y se la relacionó con la clonalidad. Se analizaron 36 cepas de K. pneumoniae, cinco (13,8%) fueron resistentes a la colistina, pertenecían a diferentes grupos clonales. Se encontraron dos cepas con carbapenemasas (bla KPC y bla NDM) y no se detectaron genes plasmídicos para la colistina. Los niveles de resistencia al resto de antimicrobianos testados fueron elevados, a excepción de amikacina (13,9%). Los resultados destacan la presencia de cepas resistentes a la colistina (33,3% en 2018), situación preocupante por ser esta parte de las últimas alternativas de tratamiento para las infecciones causadas por patógenos multirresistentes.

BackgroundPrevious literature supports exercise as a preventative agent for prenatal depression; however, treatment effects for women at risk for prenatal depression remain unexplored. The purpose of the study was to examine whether exercise can lower depressive symptoms among women who began pregnancy at risk for depression using both a statistical significance and reliable and clinically significant change criteria.MethodsThis study is a secondary analysis of two randomized controlled trials that followed the same exercise protocol. Pregnant women were allocated to an exercise intervention group (IG) or control group (CG). All participants completed the Center for Epidemiological Depression (CES-D) scale at gestational week 9–16 and 36–38. Women with a baseline score ⩾16 were included. A clinically reliable cut-off was calculated as a 7-point change in scores from pre- to post-intervention.ResultsThirty-six women in the IG and 25 women in the CG scored ⩾16 on the CES-D at baseline. At week 36–38 the IG had a statistically significant lower CES-D score (14.4 ± 8.6) than the CG (19.4 ± 11.1; p < 0.05). Twenty-two women in the IG (61%) had a clinically reliable decrease in their post-intervention score compared to eight women in the CG (32%; p < 0.05). Among the women who met the reliable change criteria, 18 (81%) in the IG and 7 (88%) in the CG had a score p > 0.05).ConclusionsA structured exercise program might be a useful treatment option for women at risk for prenatal depression.

IntroductionThe incidence of depression is high during the perinatal period. This mood disorder can have a significant impact on the mother, the child and the family.ObjectiveTo examine the effect of an exercise programme during pregnancy on the risk of perinatal depression.MethodsHealthy women who were ResultsOne hundred and twenty-four pregnant women were allocated to either the intervention (IG=70) or the control (CG=54) group. No differences were found in the percentage of depressed women at baseline (20% vs 18.5%) (χ2=0.043; p=0.836). A smaller percentage of depressed women were identified in the IG compared with the CG at 38 gestational weeks (18.6% vs 35.6%) (χ2=4.190; p=0.041) and at 6 weeks postpartum (14.5% vs 29.8%) (χ2=3.985; p=0.046) using the per-protocol analysis. No significant differences were found using the intention-to-treat analyses, except in the multiple imputation analysis at week 38 (18.6% vs 34.4%) (χ2=4.085; p=0.049).ConclusionAn exercise programme performed during pregnancy may reduce the prevalence of depression in late pregnancy and postpartum.Trial registration numberNCT02420288; Results.

Para establecer las características espaciales-ambientales de zonas que durante el segundo semestre de 2011 registraron el mayor número de homicidios en Bogotá se realizó un estudio descriptivo-observacional, enmarcado en la criminología ambiental. Se aplicó el Cuestionario de Observación Ambiental para Análisis Espacio-Temporal del homicidio en Bogotá, en 51 puntos de concentración del crimen. Los resultados reflejan la predominancia espacial-ambiental en la ocurrencia del homicidio, soportados en variables de la teoría del desorden, de territorialidad, de rutina de actividad y del espacio defendible. En consecuencia, condiciones físicas parecen facilitar el delito y percepción del potencial homicida para cometerlo. Los hallazgos permiten obtener evidencia empírica para el desarrollo de estrategias de prevención situacional del delito y, en particular, el diseño de espacios defendibles, sustentados en la intervención del territorio con acciones multidimensionales diferenciales. To determine the spatial-environmental characteristics of the districts which reported the largest number of homicides in Bogotá during the second semester of 2011, we undertook a descriptive-observational study within the framework of environmental criminology. The Questionnaire of Environmental Observation for the Spatial-Temporal Analysis of homicide in Bogotá was applied to 51 focal points of crime. The results show the predominance of spatial-environmental factors in the occurrence of homicide, backed by variables of the theory of disorder, territoriality, routine activity and the defendable space. As a consequence, the physical conditions seem to have facilitated the occurrence of crime and the perception of the potential murderer who is about to the commit one. These findings have enabled us to obtain empirical evidence for the development of strategies for the situational prevention of crime, and in particular, design defendable spaces, based on the implementation of differential multi-dimensional actions in the territory. Para estabelecer as características espaço-ambientais de áreas que, durante o segundo semestre de 2011, registraram o maior número de homicídios em Bogotá, realizou-se um estudo descritivo-observacional, focado na criminologia ambiental. Aplicou-se o Questionário de Observação Ambiental para a Análise Espaço-temporal do Homicídio em Bogotá em 51 pontos de concentração do crime. Os resultados refletem a predominância espaço-ambiental na ocorrência do homicídio, apoiado em variáveis da teoria da desordem, de territorialidade, de rotina de atividade e do espaço defendível. Em consequência, condições físicas parecem facilitar o delito e a percepção do potencial homicida para cometê-lo. As constatações permitem obter evidência empírica para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de prevenção situacional do delito e, em particular, o desenho de espaços defendíveis, apoiados na intervenção do território com ações multidimensionais diferenciais.

Placental weight (PW) is a measure commonly used to summarize growth and aspects of placental function. In a normal pregnancy, it is reasonable to assume that PW is related to aspects of the functional capacity of the placenta. The placenta, as the site for all maternal–fetal oxygen and nutrient exchange, influences birth weight and is thus central to a successful pregnancy outcome. PW is the most common way to characterize placental growth, which relates to placental function. With physical exercise becoming an integral part of life for many women, the question of whether exercise during pregnancy has an adverse effect on the growing fetus is very important. The aim was to examine the influence of an aerobic exercise program throughout pregnancy on PW among healthy pregnant women. A randomized control trial was used (registration trial number: NCT02420288). Women were randomized into an exercise group (EG; n = 33) or a control group (CG; n = 32) that received standard care. The EG trained 3 days/week (55–60 min/session) from gestational Weeks 9–11 until Weeks 38–39. The 85 training sessions involved aerobic, muscular and pelvic floor strength, and flexibility exercises. PW and other pregnancy outcomes were measured. There was high attendance to the exercise program, and no differences in the PW at delivery were observed between study groups (CG = 493.2 ± 119.6 g vs. EG = 495.4 ± 150 g, p = .95). A regular, supervised exercise program throughout pregnancy does not affect the PW in healthy pregnant women.