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Abstract Regioselective and enantioselective hydroxylation of propargylic C-H bonds are useful reactions but often lack appropriate catalysts. Here a green and efficient asymmetric hydroxylation of primary and secondary C–H bonds at propargylic positions has been established. A series of optically active propargylic alcohols were prepared with high regio- and enantioselectivity (up to 99% ee) under mild reaction conditions by using P450tol, while the C≡C bonds in the molecule remained unreacted. This protocol provides a green and practical method for constructing enantiomerically chiral propargylic alcohols. In addition, we also demonstrated that the biohydroxylation strategy was able to scaled up to 2.25 mmol scale with the production of chiral propargyl alcohol 2a at a yield of 196 mg with 96% ee, which’s an important synthetic intermediate of antifungal drug Ravuconazole. Graphical Abstract

Creatively integrating synthetic materials (semiconductors and electrodes) and microorganisms, the semi-artificial photosynthetic system (SAPS) couples the advantages of natural photosystems (high catalytic reaction selectivity) and artificial photosystems (excellent light-harvesting performance). This combination effectively overcomes the shortcomings of poor selectivity in artificial photosystems, bringing new opportunities for developing photosynthetic systems. It also provides a promising strategy for addressing the current energy crisis and environmental pollution. The design and selection of synthetic materials play a crucial role in this system, aiming to achieve efficient photon capture and electron transfer. This review begins by exploring the fundamental principles of SAPS, emphasizing the integration of materials and microorganisms and the factors that influence their interactions. It provides a critical analysis of the diverse compositional arrangements and systematically elucidates the foundational research methodologies employed in the investigation of SAPS. Grounded in their distinctive redox characteristics, it comprehensively surveys their recent applications in environmental remediation and sustainable energy production over the past years. Finally, reflections on future research are proposed, beginning with the challenges that limit the application of SAPS. Building on previous studies, the present review identifies the factors that limit SAPS and suggests potential avenues for future research. Additionally, this review delves into the environmental and economic policies and practical implications. In conclusion, by critically assessing the existing research landscape, delineating challenges, and charting future research directions, the present review aims to provide valuable insights for researchers and practitioners, guiding efforts toward advancing SAPS for enhanced environmental sustainability and economic feasibility.

ObjectiveTo understand the use of antibiotics in inpatients and the incidence and trend of hospital infections， to explore the implementation effect of comprehensive management measures， and to provide reference for hospitals to use antibiotics reasonably.MethodsBased on the hospital infection monitoring and management system， a retrospective analysis and comparison were conducted on the use of antibiotics， submission of microbial test samples， and incidence of hospital infections among inpatients in a tertiary hospital from 2012 to 2021.ResultsFrom 2012 to 2021， the use of antibiotics showed a downward trend， from 50.82% in 2012 to 41.29% in 2021. At the same time， the use rate of restricted and special antibiotics had also decreased， and the use rate of restricted and special antibiotics in patients without hospital infection was significantly lower than that in patients with hospital infection， and the microbial testing rate was also on the rise. The annual incidence rate of hospital infection was 0.69%‒1.92%， and the annual case-time prevalence rate was 0.79%‒2.17%. The annual average rate of the above two in 10 years was 1.18% and 1.34%， respectively. The results of the exponential smoothing model also showed that the utilization rate of antibiotics was decreasing and the incidence of nosocomial infection was stable.ConclusionLarge general hospitals took comprehensive management measures to strengthen the management of rational use of antibiotics， which led to a decline in the use rate of antibacterial drugs for inpatients and an increase in the rate of microbial examination. At the same time， the overall incidence of hospital infection was relatively stable， suggesting that the comprehensive management measures of antibacterial drugs in hospitals had achieved certain results. The current measures need to be optimized in the future to continuously improve the management level of rational use of antibacterial drugs.

ObjectiveTo investigate a suspected outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii （CRAB） nosocomial infection in an intensive care unit （ICU） and provide scientific evidence for prevention and control of multi-drug resistant nosocomial infection.MethodsClinical and epidemiological data of 4 patients with CRAB infection were retrospectively investigated in the ICU of Renji Hospital in November 2021. Environmental hygiene monitoring and multilocus sequence typing （MLST） were conducted and intervention measures were taken.ResultsA total of 4 cases with CRAB infection were identified， among which 1 case was determined to be community-acquired and 3 cases were hospital-acquired. The isolated strains shared the same drug resistance， and were all classified into ST368 type. In the surface and hand samples （n=40）， 2 CRAB strains were detected in the air filter beside the bed of the first case， with a detection rate of 5%. After adopting comprehensive prevention and control strategies， including environmental cleaning and disinfection， hand hygiene， staff management and training， and supervision， no similar case with CRAB infection was found.ConclusionThis suspected outbreak of CRAB nosocomial infection may be induced by inadequate environmental cleaning and disinfection， and inadequate implementation of hand hygiene. Timely identification， investigation， and targeted measures remain crucial to effective control of possible nosocomial infection.

The continuous cooling expansion curve of 18CrNiMo7-6 wind power steel was tested by using a Gleeble-3800 thermal simulator at a cooling rate of 0. 1-30 ℃/s. The static continuous cooling transformation curve （CCT curve） of 18CrNiMo7-6 wind power steel was plotted by using metallographic hardness method. The microstructure transformation law of 18CrNiMo7-6 wind power steel under different cooling rate conditions was analyzed. The experimental results show that the Ac1 phase transition temperature of 18CrNiMo7-6 wind power steel is 765 ℃， and the Ac3 phase transition tempera ture is 843 ℃. When the cooling rate is less than 0. 5 ℃/s， the microstructure of the experimental steel is ferrite and pearlite， and high-temperature phase transformation occurs； At a cooling rate of 0. 5-1 ℃/s， ferrite disappears and plate-like martensite is initially formed； Starting from 2 ℃/s， the microstructure is mainly bainite and martensite， with both medium temperature and low temperature phase transformations occurring simultaneously； After 10 ℃/s， the bainite content de creases and the martensite content increases with the increase of cooling rate； When the cooling rate is greater than 20 ℃/s， the microstructure is entirely martensitic with only low-temperature phase transformation occurring； During the process of increasing the cooling rate from 0. 1 ℃/s to 30 ℃/s， the hardness of the wind power steel shows an upward trend.

Abstract The occurrence of chemoresistance is an inescapable obstacle affecting the clinical efficacy of cisplatin in gastric cancer (GC). Exploring the regulatory mechanism of cisplatin resistance will help to provide potential effective targets for improving the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Here, we find that FAM120A is upregulated in GC tissues and higher in cisplatin-resistant GC tissues, and its high expression is positively correlated with the poor outcome of GC patients. Functional studies indicate that FAM120A confers chemoresistance to GC cells by inhibiting ferroptosis. Mechanically, METTL3-induced m6A modification and YTHDC1-induced stability of FAM120A mRNA enhance FAM120A expression. FAM120A inhibits ferroptosis by binding SLC7A11 mRNA and enhancing its stability. FAM120A deficiency enhances cisplatin sensitivity by promoting ferroptosis in vivo. These results reveal the function of FAM120A in chemotherapy tolerance and targeting FAM120A is an effective strategy to alleviate cisplatin resistance in GC.

Attitude measurement is a basic technique for monitoring vehicle motion states and safety. The spin motion of a vehicle couples the attitude angles with each other, which has an impact on the navigation and control of the vehicle. Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals-based roll angle measurement methods are important for vehicle attitude measurement. Most of existing studies use continuous signal power, but the case of loop lock loss leading to discontinuous power reception has not been considered. A robust estimation method for the roll angle based on the Tukey weight function is proposed to improve the measurement accuracy in cases of discontinuous reception. The characteristics of the GNSS signals, the geometric relationship between the signal power and roll angle of the vehicle are discussed. By installing a GNSS receiver with a single patched antenna on a rotating platform with a controllable rolling speed, the proposed method was verified by experiments. The robust estimation errors of different weight functions are analyzed. According to the characteristics of the gross measurement errors, a robust estimation method of multisatellite power observations is proposed to obtain a high-precision and stable estimation of the vehicle roll angle. The results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the accuracy of roll angle estimation even with gross measurement errors. As a result of the experiments, the estimation errors of the algorithm are 6.57° at a confidence level of 68 % and 15.49°at the confidence level of 95 %. In contrast, they are 11.38° and 37.31° for the traditional LS method. Moreover, the estimation accuracy of the algorithm is not significantly correlated with the vehicle rotational speed. Therefore, the vehicle roll angle can be estimated with high accuracy under a variety of rotational speeds.

Deficit irrigation is a common strategy to reduce water use and improve the sustainability of cotton production. However, the effects of water deficits on crop productivity and quality are subject to genotype by management by environmental interactions. This study investigated effects of water deficits and frequency of irrigation on cotton performance grown in semi-arid region, Xinjiang, the main cotton-growing area in China. Two field trials (2020 and 2021) with split experimental design, including main factors of three irrigation levels (moderate-deficit, mild-deficit and full-irrigation) and split factors of three irrigation frequencies (4, 8 and 12 days) were conducted. Results from two trials both showed little negative influence of irrigation levels on yield, and higher irrigation frequency improved yield under same irrigation level. Significant effects of irrigation levels on yield components were found in 2021, with a 22 % increase in boll number and an 18 % reduction in boll weight under moderate-deficit irrigation compared with those under full-irrigation. Interactions between irrigation levels and frequencies significantly affected harvest index (HI), showing that reduced irrigation might be beneficial for improving HI. However, decreased fibre length while increased fibre micronaire were found under deficit irrigation. A strong association between radiation use efficiency (RUE) and boll growth rate was observed, suggesting that RUE might be the driving force of yield formation. A tight correlation between both biomass and transpiration efficiency versus delta temperature between air and canopy (ΔTair-canopy) was observed, suggesting ΔTair-canopy could be used as an efficient tool to assess plant production under deficit irrigation. This study provided an improved understanding of the physiological basis of cotton yield formation and further identified a high-throughput and instantaneous method to monitor effects of deficit irrigation on crop productivity.

Background: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) offers individualized treatment for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) through pattern differentiation, but the subjectivity of TCM diagnoses can lead to inconsistent outcomes. Integrating machine learning (ML) offers an objective basis to support TCM diagnoses. This study aims to evaluate various feature selection techniques and multi-label ML algorithms to develop an effective predictive model for classifying TCM patterns in PCOS patients, thereby enhancing diagnostic standardization and treatment personalization. Methods: The study utilized a dataset comprising 432 patients with PCOS, exhibiting one or more of five TCM patterns. Feature selection began with Variance Thresholding (VT), followed by a comparison of five advanced techniques: Statistical Analysis Test, Recursive Feature Elimination with Cross-Validation (RFECV), Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator Regression, BorutaShap, and ReliefF. To ascertain the most effective model for predicting PCOS TCM patterns, four ML algorithms—Support Vector Machine, Logistic Regression, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Artificial Neural Networks—were evaluated against the identified feature set. Results: VT reduced the feature count from 224 to 174. RFECV emerged as the most effective feature selection method, identifying 67 key features. XGBoost emerged as the top-performing model, demonstrating superior testing accuracy (0.7870), F1 score (0.9519), and Hamming loss (0.0481) with RFECV-optimized features. Conclusions: The RFECV-XGBoost model proved effective for classifying TCM patterns in PCOS. It emphasizes the necessity of precise feature selection and the significant capabilities of ML in advancing TCM pattern diagnostics, marking a significant step toward enhancing precise and personalized healthcare in biomedical studies.

Anticoagulant treatment is an important strategy for secondary stroke prevention in non⁃valvular atrial fibrillation and acute ischemic stroke patients. However, the optimal timing for anticoagulation initiation after acute ischemic stroke has remained uncertain. In recent years, new clinical evidence has identified the benefit of early anticoagulation initiation rather than delayed anticoagulation initiation after acute ischemic stroke. This article reviews the literature on the topic of anticoagulation initiation in non⁃valvular atrial fibrillation with acute ischemic stroke patients. It helps physicians making decision to initiate anticoagulation at a more reasonable time point after balancing the risk of stroke recurrence and hemorrhagic transformation.

Objective: The aim of this study was to enhance the polysaccharide yield from Stellariae Radix and evaluate its in vitro antioxidant activity. Methods: Ultrasonic-assisted extraction method was employed to extract polysaccharides from Stellariae Radix, the single-factor experiment was combined with the Box-Behnken response surface to optimize the parameters of the extraction process. Additionally, Sevag method was utilized for the removal of protein to obtain crude polysaccharide of Stellariae Radix, which was further analyzed for its antioxidant activity. Results: The optimized conditions for extracting polysaccharides from Stellariae Radix were an ultrasonic temperature of 50 ℃, a time of 3.20 h, and an extraction frequency of 2 times, resulting in a yield of 28.24%±0.10%. The content of polysaccharide was 59.13%. Notably, the crude polysaccharide demonstrated antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 5.47, 2.40 and 1.44 mg/mL for DPPH, OH, and ABTS+ radical scavenging activities, respectively. Conclusion: The optimized extraction process of polysaccharides from Stellariae Radix is feasible and can provide a theoretical foundation for the development and utilization of Stellariae Radix.

Abstract Background Patients with Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) experienced endocrine disorders that may present vascular function changes. This study aimed to classify and predict PCOS by radial pulse wave parameters using machine learning (ML) methods and to provide evidence for objectifying pulse diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Methods A case-control study with 459 subjects divided into a PCOS group and a healthy (non-PCOS) group. The pulse wave parameters were measured and analyzed between the two groups. Seven supervised ML classification models were applied, including K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Trees, Random Forest, Logistic Regression, Voting, and Long Short Term Memory networks (LSTM). Parameters that were significantly different were selected as input features and stratified k-fold cross-validations training was applied to the models. Results There were 316 subjects in the PCOS group and 143 subjects in the healthy group. Compared to the healthy group, the pulse wave parameters h3/h1 and w/t from both left and right sides were increased while h4, t4, t, As, h4/h1 from both sides and right t1 were decreased in the PCOS group (P

Lacking self-repair abilities, injuries to articular cartilage can lead to cartilage degeneration and ultimately result in osteoarthritis. Tissue engineering based on functional bioactive scaffolds are emerging as promising approaches for articular cartilage regeneration and repair. Although the use of cell-laden scaffolds prior to implantation can regenerate and repair cartilage lesions to some extent, these approaches are still restricted by limited cell sources, excessive costs, risks of disease transmission and complex manufacturing practices. Acellular approaches through the recruitment of endogenous cells offer great promise for in situ articular cartilage regeneration. In this study, we propose an endogenous stem cell recruitment strategy for cartilage repair. Based on an injectable, adhesive and self-healable o-alg-THAM/gel hydrogel system as scaffolds and a biophysio-enhanced bioactive microspheres engineered based on hBMSCs secretion during chondrogenic differentiation as bioactive supplement, the as proposed functional material effectively and specifically recruit endogenous stem cells for cartilage repair, providing new insights into in situ articular cartilage regeneration.

Engineering acid-tolerant microbial strains is a cost-effective approach to overcoming acid stress during industrial fermentation. We previously constructed an acid-tolerant strain (Escherichia coli SC3124) with enhanced growth robustness and productivity under mildly acidic conditions by fine-tuning the expression of synthetic acid-tolerance module genes consisting of a proton-consuming acid resistance system (gadE), a periplasmic chaperone (hdeB), and ROS scavengers (sodB, katE). However, the precise acid-tolerance mechanism of E. coli SC3124 remained unclear. In this study, the growth of E. coli SC3124 under mild acid stress (pH 6.0) was determined. The final OD600 of E. coli SC3124 at pH 6.0 was 131% and 124% of that of the parent E. coli MG1655 at pH 6.8 and pH 6.0, respectively. Transcriptome analysis revealed the significant upregulation of the genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and lysine-dependent acid-resistance system in E. coli SC3124 at pH 6.0. Subsequently, a weighted gene coexpression network analysis was performed to systematically determine the metabolic perturbations of E. coli SC3124 with mild acid treatment, and we extracted the gene modules highly associated with different acid traits. The results showed two biologically significant coexpression modules, and 263 hub genes were identified. Specifically, the genes involved in ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, oxidative phosphorylation, the TCA cycle, amino acid metabolism, and purine metabolism were highly positively associated with mild acid stress responses. We propose that the overexpression of synthetic acid-tolerance genes leads to metabolic changes that confer mild acid stress resistance in E. coli. Integrated omics platforms provide valuable information for understanding the regulatory mechanisms of mild acid tolerance in E. coli and highlight the important roles of oxidative phosphorylation and ABC transporters in mild acid stress regulation. These findings offer novel insights to better the design of acid-tolerant chasses to synthesize value-added chemicals in a green and sustainable manner.

Mechanism underlying the metabolic benefit of intermittent fasting remains largely unknown. Here, we reported that intermittent fasting promoted interleukin-22 (IL-22) production by type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) and subsequent beigeing of subcutaneous white adipose tissue. Adoptive transfer of intestinal ILC3s increased beigeing of white adipose tissue in diet-induced-obese mice. Exogenous IL-22 significantly increased the beigeing of subcutaneous white adipose tissue. Deficiency of IL-22 receptor (IL-22R) attenuated the beigeing induced by intermittent fasting. Single-cell sequencing of sorted intestinal immune cells revealed that intermittent fasting increased aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling in ILC3s. Analysis of cell-cell ligand receptor interactions indicated that intermittent fasting may stimulate the interaction of ILC3s with dendritic cells and macrophages. These results establish the role of intestinal ILC3s in beigeing of white adipose tissue, suggesting that ILC3/IL-22/IL-22R axis contributes to the metabolic benefit of intermittent fasting.

Abstract Background Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a specific type of cardiomyopathy characterized by coarse trabeculae and interspersed trabecular crypts within the ventricles. Clinical presentation varies widely and may be nonsignificant or may present with progressive heart failure, malignant arrhythmias, and multiorgan embolism. The mode of inheritance is highly heterogeneous but is most commonly autosomal dominant. The TTN gene encodes titin, which is not only an elastic component of muscle contraction but also mediates multiple signalling pathways in striated muscle cells. In recent years, mutations in the TTN gene have been found to be associated with LVNC, but the exact pathogenesis is still not fully clarified. Case presentation In this article, we report a case of an adult LVNC patient with a TTN gene variant, c.87857G > A (p. Trp29286*), that has not been reported previously. This 43-year-old adult male was hospitalized repeatedly for heart failure. Echocardiography showed reduced myocardial contractility, dilated left ventricle with many prominent trabeculae, and a loose texture of the left ventricular layer of myocardium with crypt-like changes. During the out-of-hospital follow-up, the patient had no significant signs or symptoms of discomfort. Conclusion This case report enriches the mutational spectrum of the TTN gene in LVNC and provides a basis for genetic counselling and treatment of this patient. Clinicians should improve their understanding of LVNC, focusing on exploring its pathogenesis and genetic characteristics to provide new directions for future diagnosis and treatment.

Abstract Energy storage can further reduce carbon emission when integrated into the renewable generation. The integrated system can produce additional revenue compared with wind-only generation. The challenge is how much the optimal capacity of energy storage system should be installed for a renewable generation. Electricity price arbitrage was considered as an effective way to generate benefits when connecting to wind generation and grid. This wind-storage coupled system can make benefits through a time-of-use (TOU) tariff. A proportion of electricity is stored from the wind power system at off-peak time (low price), and released to the customer at peak time (high price). Thus, extra benefits are added to the wind-storage system compared with wind-only system. A Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm based optimization model was constructed for this integrated system including constraints of state-of-charge (SOC), maximum storage and release powers etc. The proposed optimization model was to obtain the optimal capacity of energy storage system and its operation control strategy of the storage-release processes, to maximize the revenue of the coupled system considering the arbitrage. Furthermore, the energy storage can provide reserve ancillary services for the grid, which generates benefits. The benefits of energy storage system through reserve ancillary services were also calculated. A case study was analyzed with respect to yearly wind generation and electricity price profiles. The benefit compared with no energy storage scenario was calculated. The impact of the energy storage efficiency, cost and lifetime was considered. The sensitivity and optimization capacity under various conditions were calculated. An optimization capacity of energy storage system to a certain wind farm was presented, which was a significant value for the development of energy storage system to integrate into a wind farm.

A novel three-dimensional isolation system consisting of thick rubber bearing (TNRB), disc spring bearing (DSB), and laminated rubber bearing (LRB) in series combination was designed, and its composition, principle, and isolation effect were comprehensively analyzed. By combining numerical examples, the whole structure method is used to compare and analyze the dynamic characteristics, dynamic response, and structural damage of large-span isolation structures containing new three-dimensional systems, large-span horizontal isolation structures based on LRB, and corresponding non-isolation structures under multi-dimensional seismic excitation. The results show that compared with the horizontal isolation structure based on LRB, the structure of the new three-dimensional isolation system has a 33% longer vertical natural vibration period, a 17.85% attenuation in the overall damage index, and a 36.86% increase in vertical energy dissipation capacity. It can achieve good isolation effects in both horizontal and vertical directions, which can form a favorable complement to the horizontal isolation structure based on LRB in terms of vertical isolation and energy dissipation.

Abstract Background Solid pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) of the pancreas is a rare low-grade malignant tumor. Here, we aimed to determine the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic parenchyma-sparing pancreatectomy for SPT located in the pancreatic head. Methods From July 2014 to February 2022, 62 patients with SPT located in the pancreatic head were operated laparoscopically in two institutions. These patients were divided into two groups according to the operative strategy: laparoscopic parenchyma-sparing pancreatectomy (27 patients, group 1) and laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (35 patients, group 2). The clinical data were retrospectively collected and analyzed in terms of demographic characteristics, perioperative variables, and long-term follow-up outcomes. Results The demographic characteristics of the patients in the two groups were comparable. Compared to the patients in group 2, those in group 1 required less operative time (263.4 ± 37.2 min vs. 332.7 ± 55.6 min, p

Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) is produced as an innate immune response against microbial infections. Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), the major causative pathogen of human gastroenteritis, induces more severe systemic disease in mice. However, host factors contributing to the difference in species-related virulence are unknown. Here, we report that host NO production promotes S. Typhimurium replication in mouse macrophages at the early infection stage by activating Salmonella pathogenicity island-2 (SPI-2). The NO signaling-induced SPI-2 activation is mediated by Fnr and PhoP/Q two-component system. NO significantly induced fnr transcription, while Fnr directly activated phoP/Q transcription. Mouse infection assays revealed a NO-dependent increase in bacterial burden in systemic organs during the initial days of infection, indicating an early contribution of host NO to virulence. This study reveals a host signaling-mediated virulence activation pathway in S. Typhimurium that contributes significantly to its systemic infection in mice, providing further insights into Salmonella pathogenesis and host–pathogen interaction.

Abstract Aim The aim was to examine the effect of role overload, work addiction and leader‐member exchange on missed nursing care. Design A cross‐sectional study. Methods Chinese registered nurses from five Sichuan province public hospitals were studied from March 2022–May 2022. The measurements were derived from a questionnaire on role overload, work addiction, missed nursing care, leader‐member exchange and a sociodemographic datasheet. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were conducted (N = 403). Results Role overload was associated with missed nursing care, and work addiction played a mediation role. Leader‐member exchange negatively predicted work addiction and played a moderating role between role overload and work addiction. The effect of role overload on work addiction was attenuated when the level of leader‐member exchange was higher. Promoting leader‐member exchange could mitigate how role overload undermines missed nursing care.

ABSTRACTIn the humid oral environment, 3Y-TZP ceramics always suffer from low-temperature degradation (LTD) for a long time, which results in the degradation of mechanical properties and catastrophic failure. The low-temperature degradation (LTD) and mechanical properties of low-cost tetravalent (Ge4+, Ti4+) element-doped 3Y-TZP were investigated by analysing grain boundary segregation in samples with deferent contents. The results show that GeO2 is superior to TiO2 in limiting LTD but results in lower flexural strength and fracture toughness when the content is ≥1.5 mol%. This dilemma can be improved by adding only 0.1%-0.5 wt% Al2O3, and the flexural strength and fracture toughness of 0.25 wt% Al2O3 zirconia are then increased to 898 MPa and 4.68 MPa·m1/2 compared with 1Ge-3Y, respectively. This work is expected to provide an effective reference for the development and application of budget dental materials.

Functional tissue engineering strategies provide innovative approach for the repair and regeneration of damaged cartilage. Hydrogel is widely used because it could provide rapid defect filling and proper structure support, and is biocompatible for cell aggregation and matrix deposition. Efforts have been made to seek suitable scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. Here Alg-DA/Ac-β-CD/gelatin hydrogel was designed with the features of physical and chemical multiple crosslinking and self-healing properties. Gelation time, swelling ratio, biodegradability and biocompatibility of the hydrogels were systematically characterized, and the injectable self-healing adhesive hydrogel were demonstrated to exhibit ideal properties for cartilage repair. Furthermore, the new hydrogel design introduces a pre-gel state before photo-crosslinking, where increased viscosity and decreased fluidity allow the gel to remain in a semi-solid condition. This granted multiple administration routes to the hydrogels, which brings hydrogels the ability to adapt to complex clinical situations. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) have been recognized as a promising solution to various health problems owing to their noninvasive properties and therapeutic potentials. PEMF treatment offers a better clinical outcome with fewer, if any, side effects, and wildly used in musculoskeletal tissue repair. Thereby we propose PEMF as an effective biophysical stimulation to be 4th key element in cartilage tissue engineering. In this study, the as-prepared Alg-DA/Ac-β-CD/gelatin hydrogels were utilized in the rat osteochondral defect model, and the potential application of PEMF in cartilage tissue engineering were investigated. PEMF treatment were proven to enhance the quality of engineered chondrogenic constructs in vitro, and facilitate chondrogenesis and cartilage repair in vivo. All of the results suggested that with the injectable self-healing adhesive hydrogel and PEMF treatment, this newly proposed tissue engineering strategy revealed superior clinical potential for cartilage defect treatment.

Foamed concrete, due to its lightweight and high-strength characteristics, offers significant advantages as a roadbed material. However, its mechanical properties are notably influenced by its density and microstructure. Comprehensive research addressing the correlation between the density, mechanical properties, and microstructure of roadbed foamed concrete, especially within real construction scenarios, remains limited. To address this research gap, we undertook compressive strength tests and a set of microstructural analyses on four sets foamed concrete samples of varying densities prepared on-site. The objective was to deeply understand the mechanical and microstructural characterization of roadbed foamed concrete at different densities and correlation Analysis. The findings indicate an exponential correlation between density and compressive strength, most prominently within the density range of 800–1000 kg/m3, accompanied by commendable thermal stability. X-ray Computed Tomography (X-CT) analyses further demonstrate that density increase is pivotal in enhancing the pore structure, thereby achieving lower porosity, fewer detrimental pores, more homogeneous pore distribution, and superior pore sphericity. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) evaluations suggest that enhancing the density of the sample can mitigate the damage to individual pores, reduce internal cavities, and curb initial defects. Furthermore, the pore intersections exhibit a more intact and dense crystalline structure. Upon assessment, we discerned a significant correlation between porosity, compressive strength, and density. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) between any two of these parameters is notably close to 1 (−1). These research results show that it is feasible to optimize the density of foam concrete to enhance its microstructure and thereby enhance its compressive performance. This provides strong data support for the wider application of foam concrete in roadbed engineering.

ObjectivesThe aim of our study was to investigate the impact of long-term exposure to heavy metals on the microbiome of the buccal mucosa, to unveil the link between environmental contamination and the oral microbial ecosystem, and to comprehend its potential health implications.MethodsSubjects were divided into two groups: the exposure group and the control group. We collected samples of buccal mucosa, soil, and blood, and conducted microbial diversity analysis on both groups of oral samples using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The concentrations of heavy metals in blood and soil samples were also determined. Additionally, microbial networks were constructed for the purpose of topological analysis.ResultsDue to long-term exposure to heavy metals, the relative abundance of Rhodococcus, Delftia, Fusobacterium, and Peptostreptococcus increased, while the abundance of Streptococcus, Gemella, Prevotella, Granulicatella, and Porphyromonas decreased. The concentrations of heavy metals in the blood (Pb, Cd, Hg, and Mo) were associated with the growth of Rhodococcus, Delftia, Porphyromonas, and Gemella. In addition, the relative abundances of some pathogenic bacteria, such as Streptococcus anginosus, S. gordonii, and S. mutans, were found to be enriched in the exposure group. Compared to the exposure group network, the control group network had a greater number of nodes, modules, interactive species, and keystone taxa. Module hubs and connectors in the control group converted into peripherals in the exposure group, indicating that keystone taxa changed. Metals in the blood (Pb, Cd, Hg, and Mo) were drivers of the microbial network of the buccal mucosa, which can have adverse effects on the network, thus providing conditions for the occurrence of certain diseases.ConclusionLong-term exposure to multiple metals perturbs normal bacterial communities in the buccal mucosa of residents in contaminated areas. This exposure reduces the complexity and stability of the microbial network and increases the risk of developing various diseases.

Abstract Studies in recent years have highlighted an elaborate crosstalk between T cells and bone cells, suggesting that T cells may be alternative therapeutic targets for the maintenance of bone homeostasis. Here, it is reported that systemic administration of low‐dose staphylococcal enterotoxin C2 (SEC2) 2M‐118, a form of mutant superantigen, dramatically alleviates ovariectomy (OVX)‐induced bone loss via modulating T cells. Specially, SEC2 2M‐118 treatment increases trabecular bone mass significantly via promoting bone formation in OVX mice. These beneficial effects are largely diminished in T‐cell‐deficient nude mice and can be rescued by T‐cell reconstruction. Neutralizing assays determine interferon gamma (IFN‐γ) as the key factor that mediates the beneficial effects of SEC2 2M‐118 on bone. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that IFN‐γ stimulates Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK–STAT) signaling, leading to enhanced production of nitric oxide, which further activates p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) signaling and promotes osteogenic differentiation. IFN‐γ also directly inhibits osteoclast differentiation, but this effect is counteracted by proabsorptive factors tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL‐1β) secreted from IFN‐γ‐stimulated macrophages. Taken together, this work provides clues for developing innovative approaches which target T cells for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

Objective To determine the ELISA kit for screening convalescence plasma with high potency of SARS-CoV-2 IgG by comparing and analyzing the plasma detection results of convalescent plasma collected in different periods via ELISA kits from two manufacturers and the results of mixed plasma with different potency via pseudovirus neutralization experiments. Methods Two ELISA kits from different manufacturers(named A, B) were used to detect the plasma of 269 convalescent patients collected from Feb.2020~Jan.2022. The correlation and concordance rate of the two results were analyzed to determine the kit preliminarily. According to the titers of diluted series of standard of the preliminary selected kit, 5 mixed plasma samples (G4-G128) with different potency were prepared. The correlation of ELISA IgG results of product A/B, as well as the pseudovirus neutralization test of the original strain, Omicron mutant BA.1 and BA.2 strains were analyzed. Combined with the outside-well dilution mode of the strongly positive samples, the kit for high potency of SARS-CoV-2 IgG screening was determined. Results When the internal control reference B2 was used as the standard, the detection sensitivity of product A and B was 1∶32 vs 1∶8; the detection sensitivity of product A was 4 times that of product B. The correlation Pearson r between the results given by two kits was 0.944 1(PBA.2(0.970)>BA.1(0.799); the order of correlation r between ELISA IgG results of product B and neutralization antibody potency of the three viruses was original strain(0.994)>BA.2(0.968)>BA.1(0.804). If twice-diluted B2 was taken as the excellent standard, 55.4% of product B met the criterion, while 47.2% of product A met.For positive plasma with high IgG potency, the product B kit required a lower dilution of the sample, which was more convenient to operate. Conclusion Both of the ELISA IgG kit from product A and B can be used to screen IgG antibodies of SARS-CoV-2, while product B is more suitable for screening positive plasma with high IgG potency.

A great number of electric vehicle （EV） charging piles can participate in the electricity spot market and auxiliary service market through load aggregation to comprehensively optimize operating costs. The flexible adjustment of charging load， which is more acceptable to charging users， is adopted as a way for EV load aggregators to participate in the frequency modulation auxiliary service market. The scheme research of EV load aggregators’ participation in grid-friendly interaction under the framework of electricity market is carried out from four aspects such as overall technical scheme， market mechanism design， aggregation platform design， and evaluation and verification system design. The scheme proposes a cloud-side-end collaborative architecture of EV charging load aggregation platform under the framework of service frequency modulation auxiliary market to solve the control and communication problems of massive charging piles， which can provide a reference for EV load aggregators to participate in auxiliary service market.

Abstract Broad bean paste is one of the most popular characteristic traditional fermented bean products in China, which is prepared by mixed fermentation of a variety of microorganisms, among which lactic acid bacteria and yeast played an important role in the improvement of the fermented broad bean paste quality. However, the traditional open‐air fermentation of broad bean paste brought some risks of harmful microorganisms. In this study, the safety and fermentation ability of lactic acid bacteria and yeast strains isolated from traditional broad bean paste was evaluated. The results showed that the protease activity of the strain Lactobacillus plantarum DPUL‐J5 (366.73 ± 9.00 U/L) and Pichia kudriavzevii DPUY‐J5 (237.18 ± 10.93 U/L) were the highest. Both strains produced little biogenic amines, and did not exhibit α‐hemolytic activity or antibiotic resistance for some of the antibiotics most used in human medicine. Furthermore, the broad bean paste fermentation involving DPUL‐J5 and DPUY‐J5 was beneficial for accumulating higher total acid (1.69 ± 0.01 g/100 g), amino‐acid nitrogen (0.85 ± 0.03 g/100 g), and more volatile flavor compounds, meanwhile, reducing the levels of biogenic amines and aflatoxin B1. Therefore, this study provided a new strategy to improve the safety and quality of traditional broad bean paste.

Optimizing irrigation strategies is crucial for sustaining cotton production in the face of growing water scarcity. The three-year experimental study (2020–2022) focused on the impact of varying irrigation amounts (320, 370, and 420 mm) and frequencies (4-, 8-, and 12-day intervals) on cotton growth, yield, yield components, and fiber quality in southern Xinjiang. Employing a completely randomized design with three replications, the results indicated higher irrigation amounts resulted in numerically 2.5–7.5% higher lint yields compared to those under medium and low irrigation amounts, notably significant in 2021. Boll density emerged as the primary yield component influencing yield loss due to irrigation amount, followed by seed cotton weight boll−1. Increased boll density was associated with a greater total number of fruiting sites. Additionally, the increased seed cotton weight boll−1 could be linked to an increased seed number boll−1 and a decreased boll fraction at the lower fruiting branches with lower seed cotton weight boll−1. Higher irrigation frequency improved lint yield by increasing boll density, though a significant effect was observed only in 2020. Increased irrigation amounts generally led to longer fiber lengths but lower micronaire values, while increased irrigation frequency resulted in longer, stronger fibers and reduced micronaire values. Furthermore, the highest yield stability was observed under the condition of high irrigation amount and high frequency. This study holds certain guiding significance for water resource management in cotton production in arid regions.

In order to solve the problem that the accuracy of approximate position and approximate time information is limited by the traditional auxiliary positioning algorithm, this paper analyzes the problem that the calculation amount may increase and fail when these auxiliary information exceeds the precision requirement range and puts forward a positioning algorithm based on one-way fuzzy time assistance that is suitable for the positioning solution of GNSS satellite navigation receivers under the condition of fuzzy time information, such as the rotation condition. Methods using the reference information in the ephemeris information, the relatively accurate approximate time information can be reasonably searched and verified so as to achieve the effect of obtaining the positioning result with less calculation. The experimental results show that this method can accurately calculate the exact position even if there is an error in the approximate position information under the condition of one-way time assistance, which not only solves the problem that it cannot be positioned under the conditions of rotation but also does not increase the additional calculation amount and has practical engineering value.

Abstract The immunity of patients who recover from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could be long lasting but persist at a lower level. Thus, recovered patients still need to be vaccinated to prevent reinfection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or its mutated variants. Here, we report that the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine can stimulate immunity in recovered patients to maintain high levels of anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) and anti-nucleocapsid protein (NP) antibody titers within 9 months, and high neutralizing activity against the prototype, Delta, and Omicron strains was observed. Nevertheless, the antibody response decreased over time, and the Omicron variant exhibited more pronounced resistance to neutralization than the prototype and Delta strains. Moreover, the intensity of the SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cell response was also increased in recovered patients who received COVID-19 vaccines. Overall, the repeated antigen exposure provided by inactivated COVID-19 vaccination greatly boosted both the potency and breadth of the humoral and cellular immune responses against SARS-CoV-2, effectively protecting recovered individuals from reinfection by circulating SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.

This paper proposes a microgrid (MG) system integrating distributed renewable energy (RE) and hybrid energy storage system (HESS), which is an effective solution of power supply for remote areas and islands. The distributed generation (DG) unit of the system includes photovoltaic (PV) power and wind power, and the HESS includes lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery, super capacitor (SC) and compressed air energy storage (CAES). In this study, the Confidence Interval Method (CIM) is used to establish the wind power output and PV power output model, and the DG power curves under different confidence levels are calculated. Taking the minimum annual total cost of the system as the optimization objective, the capacity allocation of the wind-PV-Li-ion battery system is optimized by using the genetic algorithm (GA) tool. Based on the quadratic moving average filtering method, the energy storage power is divided into different frequencies, and the rated power, rated capacity and initial state of charge (SOC) of three kinds of ESSs are calculated. The results show that the wind-PV-HESS can better meet the power demand of users with a good economic performance.

The dynamic model is very important for the design of a wall-climbing robot and the final realization of its motion performance. The general process of dynamic modeling and expression equations of dynamic models are given for the wheeled wall-climbing robot based on the modeling method of the Udwadia-Phohomsiri equation. Firstly, the dynamic model of an unconstrained four-wheeled wall-climbing robot is constructed. Then, a trajectory constraint is defined, the rationality of the dynamic model for the unconstrained wall-climbing robot is verified by numerical simulation. Again, constraint equations under the conditions of synchronous toothed belt structure, non-lateral motion and nonslip between the driving wheel and the wall surface are established. Finally, the dynamic model of the unconstrained wall-climbing robot is gradually combined with constraint equations, and numerical simulations are implemented. Numerical simulation results verify the correctness of the wall-climbing robot model and constraint models, as well as the effectiveness and advantages of the modeling method.

Cancer is one of the most lethal diseases. Globally, the number of cancers is nearly 10 million per year. Gynecological cancers (for instance, ovarian, cervical, and endometrial), relying on hidden diseases, misdiagnoses, and high recurrence rates, have seriously affected women’s health. Traditional chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy effectively improve the prognosis of gynecological cancer patients. However, with the emergence of adverse reactions and drug resistance, leading to the occurrence of complications and poor compliance of patients, we have to focus on the new treatment direction of gynecological cancers. Because of the potential effects of natural drugs in regulating immune function, protecting against oxidative damage, and improving the energy metabolism of the body, natural compounds represented by polysaccharides have also attracted extensive attention in recent years. More and more studies have shown that polysaccharides are effective in the treatment of various tumors and in reducing the burden of metastasis. In this review, we focus on the positive role of natural polysaccharides in the treatment of gynecologic cancer, the molecular mechanisms, and the available evidence, and discuss the potential use of new dosage forms derived from polysaccharides in gynecologic cancer. This study covers the most comprehensive discussion on applying natural polysaccharides and their novel preparations in gynecological cancers. By providing complete and valuable sources of information, we hope to promote more effective treatment solutions for clinical diagnosis and treatment of gynecological cancers.

This study aims to evaluate the prebiotic potential of polysaccharides derived from Stellariae Radix (SRPs) and explore their influence on the gut microbiota composition in mice. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum were cultivated in an MRS medium, while their growth kinetics, clumping behavior, sugar utilization, pH variation, growth density, and probiotic index were meticulously monitored. Additionally, the impact of crude Stellariae Radix polysaccharides (CSRP) on the richness and diversity of gut microbiota in mice was assessed via 16S rDNA sequencing. The results demonstrated the remarkable ability of CSRPs to stimulate the proliferation of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum. Moreover, the oral administration of CSRPs to mice led to a noticeable increase in beneficial bacterial populations and a concurrent decrease in detrimental bacterial populations within the intestinal flora. These findings provided an initial validation of CSRPs as a promising agent in maintaining the equilibrium of gut microbiota in mice, thereby offering a substantial theoretical foundation for developing Stellariae Radix as a prebiotic ingredient in various applications, including food, healthcare products, and animal feed. Furthermore, this study presented novel insights for the exploration and utilization of Stellariae Radix resources.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease; thus, understanding the pathological mechanisms of OA initiation and progression is critical for OA treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be involved in the progression of osteoarthritis, one candidate is microRNA-378 (miR-378), which is highly expressed in the synovium of OA patients during late-stage disease, but its function and the underlying mechanisms of how it contributes to disease progression remain poorly understood. In this study, miR-378 transgenic (TG) mice were used to study the role of miR-378 in OA development. miR-378 TG mice developed spontaneous OA and also exaggerated surgery-induced disease progression. Upon in vitro OA induction, miR-378 expression was upregulated and correlated with elevated inflammation and chondrocyte hypertrophy. Chondrocytes isolated from articular cartilage from miR-378 TG mice showed impaired chondrogenic differentiation. The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) collected from miR-378 TG mice also showed repressed chondrogenesis compared with the control group. The autophagy-related protein Atg2a, as well as chondrogenesis regulator Sox6, were identified as downstream targets of miR-378. Ectopic expression of Atg2a and Sox6 rescued miR-378-repressed chondrocyte autophagy and BMSC chondrogenesis, respectively. Anti-miR-378 lentivirus intra-articular injection in an established OA mouse model was shown to ameliorate OA progression, promote articular regeneration, and repress hypertrophy. Atg2a and Sox6 were again confirmed to be the target of miR-378 in vivo. In conclusion, miR-378 amplified OA development via repressing chondrocyte autophagy and by inhibiting BMSCs chondrogenesis, thus indicating miR-378 may be a potential therapeutic target for OA treatments.

Chronic skin wounds impose immense suffers and economic burdens. Current research mainly focuses on acute wound management which exhibits less effective in chronic wound healing. Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) has profound effects on several important physiological processes related to chronic wound healing, such as inflammation, cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis. This review summarizes recent advances in biology of chronic wounds and the potential role of GDF11 on wound healing with its regenerative effects, as well as the potential delivery methods of GDF11. The challenges and future perspectives of GDF11-based therapy for chronic wound care are also discussed.The Translational Potential of this Article: This review summarized the significance of GDF11 in the modulation of inflammation, vascularization, cell proliferation, and remodeling, which are important physiological processes of chronic wound healing. The potential delivery methods of GDF11 in the management of chronic wound healing is also summarized. This review may provide potential therapeutic approaches based on GDF11 for chronic wound healing.

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway is widely activated by a variety of extracellular stimuli, and its dysregulation is associated with the proliferation, invasion, and migration of cancer cells. ERK1/2 is located at the distal end of this pathway and rarely undergoes mutations, making it an attractive target for anticancer drug development. Currently, an increasing number of ERK1/2 inhibitors have been designed and synthesized for antitumor therapy, among which representative compounds have entered clinical trials. When ERK1/2 signal transduction is eliminated, ERK5 may provide a bypass route to rescue proliferation, and weaken the potency of ERK1/2 inhibitors. Therefore, drug research targeting ERK5 or based on the compensatory mechanism of ERK5 for ERK1/2 opens up a new way for oncotherapy. This review provides an overview of the physiological and biological functions of ERKs, focuses on the structure–activity relationships of small molecule inhibitors targeting ERKs, with a view to providing guidance for future drug design and optimization, and discusses the potential therapeutic strategies to overcome drug resistance.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the serum level of milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8（MFG-E8） and the occurrence of atrial fibrillation（AF） in patients. Methods From January 2021 to December 2021, 58 elderly patients with non-valvular AF admitted to Huaian Hospital of Chinese Medicine were selected and divided into paroxysmal AF group and persistent AF group（n=29, each）, and 29 sinus rhythm inpatients were served as controls（sinus rhythm group） at the same period. The serum levels of MFG-E8, total cholesterol（TC）, triglycerides（TG）, apolipoprotein A（apoA）, apolipoprotein B（apoB）, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C）, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C） and hypersensitivity C-reactive protein（hs-CRP） and the left atrial diameter（LAD） were measured and compared among three groups. Results Compared with those in sinus rhythm group, the levels of MMG-E8 significantly decreased, and the levels of LAD and hs-CRP increased in paroxysmal AF and persistent AF groups（P＜0.01）. Pearson correlation analysis showed that LAD was negatively correlated with MFG-E8 and positively correlated with hs-CRP in AF patients（P＜0.05）. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that MFG-E8, LAD and hs-CRP were the independent predictors of AF attacks（OR=0.978, 2.109, 19.102, P

Microorganisms drive many important soil processes and ecosystem functioning; however, the soil microbial community can respond to environmental change, which can alter decomposition and storage of soil organic carbon (SOC). We assessed soil microbial taxonomic and functional attributes linked to SOC decomposition and concentration based on a grassland experiment fertilized with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). There were divergent responses at both the taxonomic and functional level to fertilization, with a greater quantitative response in terms of the taxonomic attributes of bacteria and fungi than the abundance of SOC degradation genes. There was a negative correlation between SOC concentration and the abundance of SOC degradation genes. This indicated that N and P fertilization had the potential to stimulate SOC decomposition through modification of the soil microbial community, particularly by increasing the abundance of SOC degradation genes. Redundancy and variation partitioning analyses, as well as structural equation models revealed that soil total P was a pivotal factor shaping the microbial community both for taxonomic and functional gene attributes in the alpine meadow. The abundance of SOC degrading genes had stronger effects on SOC concentrations than did taxonomic attributes. Quantification of the abundance of SOC degradation genes can provide more direct and effective understanding of SOC decomposition processes and prediction of shifts in soil function as organic C pool in grasslands than a focus on the taxonomy of microbial communities. Given the important role of microbial community in regulating SOC decomposition and lower SOC concentrations under N and P fertilization, we recommend that the alpine meadow should be protected from mineral fertilizers, particularly P alone fertilization, to sustain high grassland ecosystem function as SOC sink in this region.

Cellulose insulation paper is an essential part of the transformer oil-paper insulation system, and many types of nano-modified insulating paper are available. For studying the effects of various nano-modified molecules on cellulose and the differences in performance, the pure cellulose model and polyoctaaminophenylsesquioxane and grafted 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) SiO2 and Al2O3 cellulose models were developed using molecular dynamics methods, and the mechanical properties and thermally stability were calculated and compared. The findings show that, in general, all three nano-modification models improved the thermal stability and mechanical properties, with nano-SiO2-KH550 cellulose having the best overall modification effect. In terms of mechanical properties, the nano-SiO2-KH550 cellulose showed the largest increase in compressive strength, with an 18.1% improvement. In terms of thermal stability, the KH550 grafted nano-silica/cellulose composite model showed the best modification effect, as evidenced by the smaller cohesive energy density and free volume region compressing the space between cellulose molecules, making the modified cellulose more compact internally, thus achieving the effect of inhibiting the movement of cellulose chains.

BackgroundThe anterior (AcomA) and posterior communicating arteries (PcomA) are two of the most frequent sites for intracranial aneurysms. Anatomical variations in the Circle of Willis (COW) are frequently observed in patients with AcomA and PcomA aneurysms. Strong evidence is needed to determine the pooled estimate of the effect of COW variations on the formation and rupture of these aneurysms.AimThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to establish the effect of COW variations on the formation and rupture of AcomA and PcomA aneurysms using available studies.Summary of reviewPubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for studies published in English before September 21, 2022. Studies investigating AcomA aneurysms and the hypoplastic/aplastic A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery and PcomA aneurysms and hypoplastic/aplastic PcomA or fetal-type posterior cerebral artery (FTP) were included. The heterogeneity of the studies was assessed using Cochran Q-test and I2 statistic. Pooled estimate was assessed using either a random- or fixed-effects model based on the heterogeneity of the studies. Among the 4,932 studies, 21 were eligible and included in the analysis. The presence of hypoplastic/aplastic A1 was significantly correlated with the formation [OR (95% confidence interval [CI]) = 7.97 (5.58, 11.39), P < 0.001] and rupture [OR (95%CI) = 1.87 (1.29, 2.72), P < 0.001] of AcomA aneurysms. Significant associations between FTP and both the formation [OR (95%CI) = 2.15 (1.41, 3.30), P < 0.001] and rupture [OR (95%CI) = 1.72 (1.26, 2.36), P < 0.001] of PcomA aneurysms were observed.ConclusionsSignificant associations were observed between COW variations and both the formation and rupture of AcomA and PcomA aneurysms. This can help in determining interventions for patients with aneurysms.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=225149, identifier: CRD42021225149.

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, significant achievements have been made in cotton production in China. China has maintained its position as the world's largest cotton producer for 33 years (1983–2015), with average annual increases of 3.5 and 3.9% in the unit yield and total output of cotton, respectively. Cotton production has played an extremely important role in the development of the national economy and the improvement of living standards. Although the cotton planting area has been reduced in recent years, the total output has remained relatively unchanged due to the continuous increase in the unit yield. China's dominant position in global cotton production is undoubtedly attributed to the progress and development of cotton cultivation technology. Over the past 70 years, China has established a high-yielding and high-efficiency cotton cultivation mode that corresponds to its national conditions, including a large population and a limited land area. Furthermore, cotton cultivation technology is constantly being innovated and developed to keep pace with the times. In this paper, we review the development of cotton production and cultivation in China over the past 70 years, with a particular focus on the innovation and development of cotton cultivation technology with Chinese characteristics. This review is intended to provide guidance for the sustainable development of China's cotton production in the future and to provide a reference for global cotton production.

Abstract Interleukin-3 (IL-3) is a hematopoietic growth factor and critical regulator of inflammatory response such as sepsis. IL-3 binds to IL-3 receptor α (IL-3Rα), which is then associated with IL-3Rβ to initiate signaling. How IL-3-triggered physiological and pathological effects are regulated at the receptor level is unclear. Here, we show that the plasma membrane-associated E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCH3 negatively regulates IL-3-triggered signaling. MARCH3 is associated with IL-3Rα, mediates its K48-linked polyubiquitination at K377 and promotes its proteasomal degradation. MARCH3-deficiency promotes IL-3-triggered transcription of downstream effector genes and IL-3-induced expansion of myeloid cells. In the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis, MARCH3-deficiency aggravates IL-3-ampified expression of inflammatory cytokines, organ damage and inflammatory death. Our findings suggest that regulation of IL-3Rα by MARCH3 plays an important role in IL-3-triggered physiological functions and inflammatory diseases.

In low earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems, the limited energy supply capacity and the difficulty in obtaining channel state information (CSI) are the practical challenges. Motivated by this, we focus on the design of robust hybrid beamforming to maximize the energy efficiency of LEO satellite communication systems. Assuming that the LEO satellite transmitter adopts the massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) technology, considering the CSI errors caused by propagation delay and Doppler shift, under the constraints of transmit power and quality of service (QoS), a robust energy-efficient hybrid beamforming scheme is proposed. Since that there are no explicit expressions for the ergodic user rate and the ergodic signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, the approximate values with closed-form expressions are adopted. Then, we invoke the semidefinite programming (SDP) algorithm to transform the nonconvex quadratic constrained quadratic programming (QCQP) problem equivalently, and an inner and outer nested iterative algorithm combining quadratic transformation fractional programming (QTFP) and concave convex process (CCCP) is utilized to transfer a nonconvex problem into a convex problem. Meanwhile, we adopt a penalty function algorithm to solve the rank-one constraint in semidefinite programming algorithm. Finally, we invoke the normal form distance minimization (NFDM) algorithm and the alternating optimization (AltOpt) algorithm to jointly solve the digital beamforming matrix and analog beamforming matrix in hybrid beamformer. Numerical results validate that our proposed robust approach significantly outperforms the conventional one.

Taste determination in small molecules is critical in food chemistry but traditional experimental methods can be time-consuming. Consequently, computational techniques have emerged as valuable tools for this task. In this study, we explore taste prediction using various molecular feature representations and assess the performance of different machine learning algorithms on a dataset comprising 2601 molecules. The results reveal that GNN-based models outperform other approaches in taste prediction. Moreover, consensus models that combine diverse molecular representations demonstrate improved performance. Among these, the molecular fingerprints + GNN consensus model emerges as the top performer, highlighting the complementary strengths of GNNs and molecular fingerprints. These findings have significant implications for food chemistry research and related fields. By leveraging these computational approaches, taste prediction can be expedited, leading to advancements in understanding the relationship between molecular structure and taste perception in various food components and related compounds.

This systematic review aims to examine key findings of previous studies in order to explore how forest therapy programs impact stress reduction on physiological and psychological levels. It was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Quantitative studies that compared forest therapy program interventions with urban exposure were searched in February 2023 in six databases: CINAHL, EMBASE, Medline, PsycINfo, PubMed, and Web of Science (core collection). This review included 17 relevant articles selected from a total of 495 individual studies, in accordance with the set inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of this review indicated that forest therapy programs were effective at relieving stress, particularly on a psychological level. Forest therapy programs could be used as a part of stress reduction projects. However, results regarding physiological effects have yet to be confirmed, and in the future, more in-depth and well-designed research will be required.

Abstract Soybean paste was a traditional fermented product in Northeast China, mainly fermented by molds, yeast, Bacillus, and lactic acid bacteria. This study investigated the dynamic changes of the microbial community and biogenic amine content during the fermentation of the traditional soybean paste. The microbial diversity of soybean paste in different regions was analyzed by MiSeq sequencing technology. The results showed that Penicillium and Tetragenococcus were the dominant microorganisms responsible for the fermentation of soybean paste. Biogenic amine was found in the traditional soybean paste at different fermentation stages, putrescine, and tyramine were the mainly biogenic amines and their content increased with the extension of fermentation time. Serratia in the soybean paste was positively correlated with the formation of spermine, cadaverine (p