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The heating furnace of the 1.20 MM TPY delayed coking unit of PetroChina Dushanzi Petro-chemical Co., Ltd. undergoes mechanical decoking once a year, during which the blower and induced draft fan need to be stopped. The VOCs generated by the deodorization system and odor control facilities can only be directly discharged into the atmosphere, which will cause pollution to the environment. A temporary mobile deodorization system needs to be added, with a cost of about 300,000 yuan. Based on the considerations of environmental protection and improving quality and efficiency, a feasibility analysis and industrial application of the mechanical decoking process scheme for non-stop blowers and induced draft fans were carried out. The results show that by using non-stop blowers and induced draft fans for mechanical coke cleaning, the temperature of the heating furnace tube wall can meet the requirement of not exceeding 100 °C. The maximum mass concentration of NOx in the flue gas of the heating furnace is 78 mg/m³, which meets the environmental protection requirement of not exceeding 100 mg/m³. The volume fraction of combustible gas at the entrance of the operating furnace chamber is 0.022%, which meets the safety production requirements. The economic benefit of the unit in 6 months was 2.479 million yuan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Petroleum Refinery Engineering is the property of Petroleum Refinery Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to study the effect of oxygen-enriched combustion technology on the temperature field and NO emission in the continuous heating furnace, this paper studies the oxygen-enriched combustion of a pushing steel continuous heating furnace in a domestic company. This study utilizes numerical simulation method, establishes the mathematical models of flow, combustion and NO generation combustion process in the furnace and analyzes the heat transfer process and NO generation in the furnace under different air oxygen content and different wind ratio. The research results show that with the increase of oxygen content in the air, the combustion temperature in the furnace rises significantly, and the emission concentration of NO increases. Furthermore, the NO emission concentration is related to the proportion of primary and secondary air. Graphic Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article addresses the problem of designing an inverting regulator for controlling the pressure in a furnace for metal heating prior to rolling. Based on actual engineering data, a regression model is constructed with the elements of differential equations describing the in-furnace pressure with high accuracy, taking into account various technological factors (the position of the gate, the total gas flow into the furnace, and the operation of the metal unloading gates). Based on the obtained model and considering the features of the pressure circuits, a new discrete-continuous inverting pressure control method was designed and modeled, taking the operation of unloading machines into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces the upgrading and renovation of the waste heat recovery system of the No. 1 jet fuel hydrogenation unit of SINOPEC Hainan Refining & Chemical Co., Ltd. The renovation plan is as follows: By recalculating the thermal efficiency and load of the heating furnace, the original heat pipe preheater is planned to be optimized into a new ceramic regenerative air preheater. The specific renovation content is as follows: Remove the heat pipe preheater originally installed on the top of the heating furnace, and add four sets of ceramic regenerative air preheater modules on the side ground of the reaction feed heating furnace ; Reuse the original induced draft fan as a cold flue gas induced draft fan; Add a blower and smoke and air duct. The results show that after the implementation of the modification, the exhaust gas temperature of the heating furnace can be reduced to below 70 °C, the thermal efficiency of the heating furnace can be increased to over 95%, the exhaust gas temperature can be flexibly adjusted, and the fuel gas consumption of the heating furnace can be reduced by about 10%. The system has good anti-corrosion performance and is stable and reliable during long-term operation of the unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heating furnace is one of the important production equipment of petrochemical plant with high technical content and complex internal structure. With the large scale of petrochemical plants, the construction of heating furnace is developing from traditional bulk to modular. Taking the heating furnace of a certain refining unit as an example. Firstly, the heating furnace is divided into modules, and then the cost difference between modular and traditional bulk construction methods is compared and analyzed from three aspects of design, procurement and construction. It is found that the cost of modular construction saves 7. 8 million yuan, compared with the traditional bulk construction method, saving ratio 10. 18%. Moreover, modular construction shortens the construction period, reduces high-altitude operations, improves construction quality, and ensures the intrinsic safety of the heating furnace. The conclusion is that, under external conditions such as transportation and lifting, adopting a modular construction method for the heating furnace has significant promotional advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of heat treatment (homogenization) of workpieces before rolling has been developed, the homogenization annealing of hypereutectoid grades of steels in rolling production has been improved. Because of the improvement, it was possible to combine the process of heating to the temperature of plastic deformation and the process of homogenization of workpieces. In particular, the optimal mode of heating and holding at certain temperatures in a pass‑through heating furnace was determined in order to reduce the carbide heterogeneity (liquation) of steel and reduce costs. Homogenization is a technological process carried out over a two‑ or multiphase system, during which the degree of heterogeneity of the distribution of carbide phases over the volume of a heterophase system decreases.

Aspects of the development of a functional model of intercircuit interactions in a furnace for heating metal before rolling are discussed. The influence of the mill output on the total gas flow rate (thermal power supplied to the furnace) is studied. The results of regression analysis of the output–power relationship are presented. The causes of the low quality of the regression are shown. The furnace-output parameter is replaced by the mean residence time of workpieces in the furnace zones. A regression model with a determination coefficient of 0.917 is obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the adaptive compensation control ability of the furnace dynamic temperature compensation logic, an adaptive optimal control model of the furnace dynamic temperature compensation logic based on proportion‐integral‐derivative (PID) position algorithm is proposed. Firstly, the constraint index model of the dynamic compensation logic control of the heating furnace temperature is constructed, and the target structure analysis of the electric heating furnace temperature control is realized by using the PID control mode. The platinum resistor is used to collect the temperature in the feedback link, and the controlled equipment converts electrical energy into heat energy for release. As the temperature rises, the difference between the two is sent to the fuzzy controller. The model fuzzy controller outputs an analog value, and the PID control system outputs different control parameters, thus realizing the parameter analysis and optimization design of the control law of the heating furnace temperature dynamic compensation logic control. The test results show that the method has good accuracy, with an error of 0.01 to 0.02, and has certain application value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In order to improve the adaptive compensation control ability of the furnace dynamic temperature compensation logic, an adaptive optimal control model of the furnace dynamic temperature compensation logic based on proportion‐integral‐derivative (PID) position algorithm is proposed. Firstly, the constraint index model of the dynamic compensation logic control of the heating furnace temperature is constructed, and the target structure analysis of the electric heating furnace temperature control is realized by using the PID control mode. The platinum resistor is used to collect the temperature in the feedback link, and the controlled equipment converts electrical energy into heat energy for release. As the temperature rises, the difference between the two is sent to the fuzzy controller. The model fuzzy controller outputs an analog value, and the PID control system outputs different control parameters, thus realizing the parameter analysis and optimization design of the control law of the heating furnace temperature dynamic compensation logic control. The test results show that the method has good accuracy, with an error of 0.01 to 0.02, and has certain application value.

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The article analyzes the difference in the energy consumption and low temperature heat recovery based on the 1# and 2# aromatics complex in a certain company. The effect of design improvement on the 2# aromatics complex is also discussed. Measures such as improving the thermal efficiency of heating furnace fuel, optimizing the operating conditions of rectification tower, and improving the low temperature heat utilization efficiency are very important to reduce the energy consumption of the unit. The operating cost of 2# aromatics complex is significantly lower than that of 1# aromatics complex. In particular, the unique steam compression system of 2# aromatics complex converts the low-pressure steam produced by the unit into sub high-pressure steam, replacing some high-pressure steam users in the traditional design, making the heat utilization more reasonable. With the development of hot water refrigeration technology, the aromatics complex will make greater achievements in the future by using low temperature waste heat to produce hot water and then refrigeration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Petroleum Refinery Engineering is the property of Petroleum Refinery Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Heating furnace is an essential thermal device in the process of surface gathering and transportation of an oil field, with energy consumption accounting for 80% of the total in the gathering and transportation system. Therefore, a reasonable control against the energy consumption rise of oil field heating furnace is of great significance for the efficient operation and scientific management of oil field gathering and transportation system. Proceeding from the basic theory of energy efficiency benchmarking management, the factors that affect the thermal efficiency of heating furnace were analyzed by thermal balance analysis method. On the basis of benchmarking management theory, a complete benchmarking system for heating furnace energy efficiency was constructed, mainly covering the selection and definition of benchmarking indexes, statistical caliber and calculation methods, calculation method of weight, selection of benchmarking values, prediction method of heating furnace energy efficiency, etc. As a case study, the statistical data of heating furnace energy consumption in a certain oilfield was used for benchmarking, the causes of low operating efficiency of heating furnace were analyzed, and the corresponding energy-saving measures were raised to provide basis for improving the operation efficiency of the heating furnace and attaining economic operation management.

The energy-saving mechanism of blackbody directional radiation technology was investigated. Based on a chamber heating furnace with an intermediate radiator in a steel plant, a physical model with intermediate radiators was established. A transient 3-D mathematical combustion model coupled with heat transfer and fluid flow in the furnace was developed based on the CFD commercial software Fluent to simulate the combustion and temperature distribution in the furnace. The model was verified according to experimental results. The research results show that the installation of the intermediate radiators changes the flow pattern in the combustion chamber of the furnace and the view factor of the furnace wall to the slab for solid radiation, and enhances the radiant heat transfer intensity of the slab surface for both gas radiation and solid radiation. The combustion temperature is reduced by about 20K, the slab heating speed is increased by 16.7%, and the highest temperature of the slab surface is increased by 40K. The improvement of heating efficiency brings a better energy-saving effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The robust control of the crude oil outlet temperature uniformity in a heating furnace of a petroleum refinery is addressed. A reliable dynamic model of the nominal process has been attained using a system identification procedure based on real-time data. This procedure yields a second order model with a dominant time-delay. A PI controller embedded in a modified Smith predictor structure is therefore proposed. Sensitivity and robustness properties of this control system are analytically obtained. Based on that, a tuning procedure is developed for this control system which has lower sensitivity to disturbances than the standard Smith predictor while guaranteeing the system stability when plant parameters change. Simulations are carried out of the proposed control system and other well-known linear advanced process control systems. The comparison of the obtained results shows the superior performance of our control system in most cases, both in rejecting a variety of disturbances and in maintaining the closed-loop stability when the process parameters change. • Temperature uniformity of the crude oil flowrate is improved by a modified SP control. • A sensitivity analysis of this modified SP controller is carried out. • A method to tune the parameters of this modified SP controller is proposed. • Stability robustness of this modified SP controller is assessed. • Simulations prove that this SP rejects disturbances better than others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The safety instrumented system is a system that is independent of the petrochemical production process control system and can independently complete the safety interlock protection function. It can avoid significant hazards to production equipment caused by process production failures, field instrument failures, system power supply failures, etc., and ensure safe operation of production equipment. In petrochemical plants, it is imperative to configure a safe, reliable, and timely safety instrumented system. Combined with applying the burner management system of the heating furnace in a refinery, the paper focuses on the technical realization of the hardware structure, system configuration, logic programming, man-machine interface configuration system debugging of the TRICON system. Practical application shows that TRICON’s safety instrumented system is a set of safety instrumented systems with comprehensive functions, safety and reliability, and easy to learn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Petroleum Refinery Engineering is the property of Petroleum Refinery Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

MILD oxy-fuel combustion has become the subject of study as it can improve the combustion efficiency and reducing the emission of harmful gases. However, there are few researches on the vortex motion of Oxy-fuel combustion, and there is no clear definition for the application of gas vortex. In this paper, based on the experimental and simulation data of the heating furnace, the distribution of eddy motion was analyzed from aspects of the turbulent vortex formation, formation, and movement of the vortex. In this paper, the vortex structure of the furnace is analyzed by using the Q criterion, λ 2 method, and Ω method. We found that both Q criterion, λ 2 criterion, and Ω method could identify the vortex structure in the furnace, but Ω method could identify the vortex structure that could not be identified by the other two methods. Ω could display more vortex structures and could identify both weak and strong vertices, with stronger recognition ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We considered the thermal operating balance of a continuous furnace being charged with 250 mm-thick cold steel slabs, and perform experimental measurements of the heat loss to the environment. The required heating time and peak productivity of a hot-charged furnace were determined under the assumption that the slabs were fed into the furnace at 700–1250°С. The calculations revealed that the amount of time required to heat the slabs is much shorter, productivity is higher, the amount of heat required per metric ton of metal is smaller, the amount of heat lost to the environment is lower, and the fuel (natural gas) consumption of the furnace per metric ton of metal is much lower. We also obtained a theoretical curve for fuel consumption as a function of charging temperature; according to this curve, as the charge temperature increases from 700 to 1000°C, the specific natural-gas consumption per metric ton of metal decreases from 27.7 m3 /metric ton to 10.3 m3 /metric ton, compared with 62 m3 /metric ton for cold feedstock. We find that the energy savings in heating furnaces is maximized by feeding the slabs in immediately after they come out of the continuous billet casting machine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses an engineering procedure, which enables the automation of the process of calculating furnace heating and thermostatic control parameters of hot-charged steel slab blanks under the rational heat treatment conditions. During hot charging, the blanks coming out of a continuous casting machine at an average temperature of about 1,000°С are placed inside the heating furnaces in the hot condition, which results in a considerable decrease of their heating time, incremental reduction of specific fuel consumption, and lowering of the metal oxidation level. The procedure allows calculating the required duration of heating of the slabs loaded into the furnace in the hot condition with a sufficient degree of simplicity and accuracy and without the use of nomograms. It also allows determining the required duration of thermostatic exposure (i.e., soaking of heated slabs under adiabatic conditions) to equalize the temperature profile over the slab cross-section. The provided relationships can be used to determine the heating duration for slabs with different thicknesses depending on the temperature at which they were charged into the furnace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Coatings & Protection / Tuceng yu Fanghu is the property of Coating & Protection Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Petrochemical Universities / Shiyou Huagong Gaodeng Xuexiao Xuebao is the property of Journal Editorial Department Of Liaoning Shihua University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In view of the problems of large overshoot and large oscillation frequency in current furnace temperature control, based on the development of intelligent control theory, expert control, fuzzy control, and neural network control in intelligent control theory are combined with proportional integral derivative (PID) control. The intelligent PID control algorithm is used to carry out numerical simulation and experimental research on these several control algorithms. The results show that the adjustment effect of the intelligent PID control algorithm is significantly better than the traditional PID control algorithm. Among them, the fuzzy self-tuning PID control algorithm and the fuzzy immune PID control algorithm are feasible in the application of furnace temperature control. The neural network PID control algorithm It also has good development and application potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Petroleum Refinery Engineering is the property of Petroleum Refinery Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We discuss the problem of determining optimum thicknesses for the refractory and thermal insulation layers to minimize the total cost of the lining and the fuel used to compensate for thermal losses. The proposed methodology (with the required temperature at the boundary of the lining layers specified as an additional condition) reduces the 2D constrained optimization problem for a cost function with a locus of discontinuity but no unconstrained minima to the problem of determining the minimum of a unimodal 1D cost function. The work described in this paper is highly relevant because a major furnace overhaul may involve the use of new materials and costs can be optimized by using new data on available materials and their pricing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Petroleum Refinery Engineering is the property of Petroleum Refinery Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Petroleum Refinery Engineering is the property of Petroleum Refinery Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natural Gas & Oil is the property of Editorial Department of Natural Gas & Oil and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to solve the unstable combustion process of natural gas combustion furnace due to increase of nitrogen content in natural gas caused by the injection of nitrogen in Tahe Oilfield.based on the numerical simulation software Fluent, which is for the tower-linked natural gas containing nitrogen in the furnace conical combustion chamber, the distribution law of temperature field and the formation law of combustion product NOs are researched in this paper. According to the particularity of the natural gas component of the nitrogen of the tower, the combustion efficiency, NO, content, ignition temperature and healing value and Webbo index used as the benchmark for the blending scheme, four blending schemes are calculated and compared. A nitrogen-containing natural gas blending scheme based on NO, content, which will ensure the combustion efficiency, ignition temperature and calorific value and Webbo index of the tower-linked natural gas containing nitrogen is selected. At the same time, this scheme will effectively reduce the environmental pollution caused by nitrogen oxides, and has strong practical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the principle of chemical looping oxygen production， the oxy-fuel combustion system of heating furnace was built to solve the oxygen source problem.The feasibility of constructing the system was analyzed by investigating the characteristics of Co3O4 oxygen uncoupling. The results showed that the volume fraction of the equilibrium oxygen from the Co3O4 reduction increases sharply with the reaction temperature. When the temperature is 900℃， the volume fraction of the equilibrium oxygen is 29.6%.The components of CO2 and H2O in flue gas do not affect the oxygen release process of Co3O4. The oxygen volume fraction in flue gas increases with increasing the mole ratio of Co3O4 and flue gas. When the mole ratio is 1:1， the oxygen volume fraction can be up to 24.5% at 950℃. In practice， for a furnace with 32t/h output，when the oxygen-enriched rate is 4%， the Co3O4 filling capacity is 3.4t. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Natural Gas & Oil is the property of Editorial Department of Natural Gas & Oil and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The refinery heating furnace has high energy consuming and high carbon emission, and the flue gas condensing waste heat recovery can achieve prominent results in saving energy and reducing emissions of petrochemical industry. Based on adding a flue gas condensing heat exchanger (FGCHE) at the rail of heating furnace, this paper investigates the effects of flue gas waste heat recovery and pressure drop on the energy saving and carbon reduction through theoretical and on-site testing methods. Flue gas heat recovery and pressure-drop characteristics of the FGCHE are analyzed to achieve maximum energy saving and emissions reduction under the normal operating conditions of heating furnace. Meanwhile, the effects of flue gas temperature and pressure drop on the energy saving and carbon reduction are derived under different combustion air temperature, humidity and excess air coefficient after fuel gas complete combustion. The results show that when the flue gas temperature is reduced from 180 °C to 20–40 °C, the energy saving efficiency, utilization ratio of flue gas waste heat, condensate recovery efficiency and carbon emission reduction ratio reach 12.5–16.9%, 74.4–98.1%, 58∼89.3% and 13.7–18.3%, respectively. Reducing the flue gas pressure drop can significantly improve the flue gas waste heat utilization ratio and carbon reduction. • Investigation on flue gas condensing waste heat extended to refinery heating furnace. • Flue gas latent heat and condensate were recovered by the anti-corrosion FGCHE. • Flue gas pressure drop influence on energy saving and exergy efficiency was studied. • The temperature and pressure drop influences on exergy efficiency were investigated. • Theoretical results were verified by case study with good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat-treatment furnaces for workpiece pre-rolling heating are heating plants of the transition type where sheet slabs with various characteristics are simultaneously heated. The heat treatment furnace performance is directly connected with the efficient operation of the rolling mill process plants. The irregular operation pace of the rolling mill complicates the implementation of energy-saving workpiece pre-rolling heating modes and increases the risk of delivering an insufficiently heated workpiece. This paper proposes the system of controlling the heat mode of the heat-treatment furnace by the criterion of fuel consumption rate minimization and controlling over a real heated state of a sheet slab located at the workpiece pushing from the heat-treatment furnace to the rolling mill. The author uses a simplified mathematical model of workpiece heating intended for defining the energy-saving heating path accounting for the impact of technological and structural constraints in the workpiece heating process. The calculation is conducted in real time and allows obtaining an optimal heating path of each workpiece at the moment of its loading into the heat-treatment furnace. The paper considers the necessity of interaction and the interaction itself of the subsystems performing the key function in the energy-saving operation mode of the heat-treatment furnace at workpiece heating. The author studied the subsystems of forecasting the workpiece heating time on the state of the rolling mill equipment and the geometrical dimensions of the rolled band, control over gaseous fuel burning in the heat-treatment furnace operation space, system of control over the workpiece heating state before pushing from the heat-treatment furnace and forecasting the roll temperature after the treatment of the rolling mill roughing train.

The system considered in the present study consists of a heating furnace and a multipass recuperative heat exchanger for air preheating. Process design ensured the coordinated operation of this system by applying a basis of a probabilistic and informational approach to the organization of industrial systems. It proves optimal to increase the thermal load on the recuperative heat exchanger and decrease the thermal load on the furnace, without changing the overall heating parameters. Exergy analysis was used to validate the proposed solution and it was shown that the total exergy loss in a system with a heating furnace and a recuperative heat exchanger decreases in for recommended operating conditions. This results in fuel economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]