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[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab250.].

This study compared standard of care testing (SOC) to BioFire® FilmArray® Pneumonia plus Panel (PNplus). PNplus detects 15 bacteria with semiquantitative log bin values, 7 antibiotic resistance markers, three atypical bacteria (AB), and eight viral classes directly from bronchoalveolar lavage-like specimens (BLS) and sputum-like specimens (SLS). Fifty-two laboratories from 13 European countries and Israel tested 1234 BLS and 1242 SLS with PNplus and SOC. Detection rates and number of pathogens/samples were compared for PNplus pathogens. PNplus bin values and SOC quantities were compared. Three thousand two hundred sixty-two bacteria in PNplus were detected by PNplus and/or SOC. SOC detected 57.1% compared to 95.8% for PNplus (p ≤ 0.0001). PNplus semiquantitative bin values were less than SOC, equal to SOC, or greater than SOC in 5.1%, 25.4%, and 69.6% of results, respectively. PNplus bin values were on average ≥ 1 log than SOC values (58.5% 1–2 logs; 11.0% 3–4 logs). PNplus identified 98.2% of MRSA and SOC 55.6%. SOC detected 73/103 AB (70.9%) and 134/631 viruses (21.2%). PNplus detected 93/103 AB (90.3%) and 618/631 viruses (97.9%) (p ≤ 0.0001). PNplus and SOC mean number of pathogens/samples were 1.99 and 1.44, respectively. All gram-negative resistance markers were detected. PNplus and SOC results were fully or partially concordant for 49.1% and 26.4% of specimens, respectively. PNplus was highly sensitive and detected more potential pneumonia pathogens than SOC. Semiquantification may assist in understanding pathogen significance. As PNplus generates results in approximately 1 h, PNplus has potential to direct antimicrobial therapy in near real time and improve antimicrobial stewardship and patient outcomes.

Invasive fusariosis has a global increasing incidence and has emerged as a severe infection in nonneutropenic patients., Invasive fusariosis (IF) is associated with severe neutropenia in patients with concurrent hematologic conditions. We conducted a retrospective observational study to characterize the epidemiology of IF in 18 Spanish hospitals during 2000–2015. In that time, the frequency of IF in nonneutropenic patients increased from 0.08 cases per 100,000 admissions in 2000–2009 to 0.22 cases per 100,000 admissions in 2010–2015. Nonneutropenic IF patients often had nonhematologic conditions, such as chronic cardiac or lung disease, rheumatoid arthritis, history of solid organ transplantation, or localized fusariosis. The 90-day death rate among nonneutropenic patients (28.6%) and patients with resolved neutropenia (38.1%) was similar. However, the death rate among patients with persistent neutropenia (91.3%) was significantly higher. We used a multivariate Cox regression analysis to characterize risk factors for death: persistent neutropenia was the only risk factor for death, regardless of antifungal therapy.

Invasive candidiasis remains one of the most prevalent systemic mycoses, and several studies have documented the presence of mixed yeast (MY) infections. Here, we describe the epi-demiology, clinical, and microbiological characteristics of MY infections causing invasive candidiasis in a multicenter prospective study. Thirty-four centers from 14 countries participated. Samples were collected in each center between April to September 2018, and they were sent to a reference center to confirm identification by sequencing methods and to perform antifungal susceptibility testing, according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). A total of 6895 yeast cultures were identified and MY occurred in 150 cases (2.2%). Europe ac-counted for the highest number of centers, with an overall MY rate of 4.2% (118 out of 2840 yeast cultures). Of 122 MY cases, the most frequent combinations were Candida albicans/C. glabrata (42, 34.4%), C. albicans/C. parapsilosis (17, 14%), and C. glabrata/C. tropicalis (8, 6.5%). All Candida isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B, 6.4% were fluconazole-resistant, and two isolates (1.6%) were echinocandin-resistant. Accurate identification of the species involved in MY infections is essential to guide treatment decisions. © 2020 by the authors. Li-censee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

BACKGROUND: The effect of primary androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in patients with localized prostate cancer (PCa) has not been well documented. The objective of the present study was to analyze the outcome of tumors treated with ADT as primary therapy in the Spanish Prostate Cancer Registry (19.4% of the series).; PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients were classified in three groups: 1) with low/intermediate risk clinically localized tumors; 2) with high risk and locally advanced (T3-4) tumors; 3) with metastatic tumors. Time to castration resistance and overall cancer-specific survival were analyzed. In non-metastatic tumors, survivals in patients treated with ADT were compared with data from patients who underwent local treatments from the Spanish Prostate Cancer Registry.; RESULTS: 703 cases were analyzed. There were significant differences in the time to castration resistance, which was lower in the group of metastatic tumors. During follow-up, there were 179 deaths (25.5%) of which 89 (12.6%) were due to PCa. After 3 years of ADT, only 14.6% of patients in group 1 had died (1% due to PCa), 20.5% in group 2 and 46.8% in group 3 (9.2% and 31.3% due to PCa, respectively). Cancer-specific survival was significantly worse in group 1 using ADT than radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy. In high-risk and locally advanced tumors, ADT also had a lower cancer-specific survival than local treatments.; CONCLUSION: A longer time until the castration resistance was observed in patients with well- and intermediate-risk localized tumors treated with ADT. Patients with metastatic tumors showed the shortest time to castration resistance. Copyright © 2019 AEU. All rights reserved.

Background Despite being considered a high-risk population for invasive fungal disease, specific features of candidemia among solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients remain poorly characterized. Methods We compiled prospective data from two multicenter studies on candidemia performed over two consecutive periods in Spain: the CANDIPOP Study (2010-2011) and the CANDI-Bundle Study (2016-2018). Episodes diagnosed in adult SOT recipients in 10 participating centers were included. Risk factors for clinical failure (all-cause 7-day mortality and/or persistent candidemia for >= 72 hours) and 30-day mortality were investigated by univariate analysis. Results We included 55 episodes of post-transplant candidemia (32 and 23 of which occurred during the first and second periods). Kidney (38.2%) and liver recipients (30.9%) were the most common populations. Candida albicans accounted for 27.3% of episodes. The proportion of C glabrata increased over time (18.8% vs 30.4% for the first and second periods). There were no differences in the rate of fluconazole non-susceptible isolates (50.0% vs 60.0%, respectively). Clinical failure and 30-day mortality occurred in 25.5% and 27.3% of episodes and were associated with the severity of candidemia (Pitt score and severe sepsis/septic shock). Kidney transplantation (unadjusted odds ratio [uOR]: 0.17; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03-0.85; P-value = .020), early catheter removal (uOR: 0.15; 95% CI: 0.03-0.76; P-value = .013), and appropriate early antifungal therapy (uOR: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.02-0.89; P-value = .041) were protective for 30-day mortality. Conclusions High rates of non-albicans species and fluconazole non-susceptibility must be taken into account to optimize therapeutic management and outcomes in SOT recipients with candidemia.

CANDIPOP Project, the CANDI‐Bundle Group GEIRAS‐GEMICOMED (SEIMC) REIPI., [Background] Despite being considered a high‐risk population for invasive fungal disease, specific features of candidemia among solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients remain poorly characterized., [Methods] We compiled prospective data from two multicenter studies on candidemia performed over two consecutive periods in Spain: the CANDIPOP Study (2010‐2011) and the CANDI‐Bundle Study (2016‐2018). Episodes diagnosed in adult SOT recipients in 10 participating centers were included. Risk factors for clinical failure (all‐cause 7‐day mortality and/or persistent candidemia for ≥72 hours) and 30‐day mortality were investigated by univariate analysis., [Results] We included 55 episodes of post‐transplant candidemia (32 and 23 of which occurred during the first and second periods). Kidney (38.2%) and liver recipients (30.9%) were the most common populations. Candida albicans accounted for 27.3% of episodes. The proportion of C glabrata increased over time (18.8% vs 30.4% for the first and second periods). There were no differences in the rate of fluconazole non‐susceptible isolates (50.0% vs 60.0%, respectively). Clinical failure and 30‐day mortality occurred in 25.5% and 27.3% of episodes and were associated with the severity of candidemia (Pitt score and severe sepsis/septic shock). Kidney transplantation (unadjusted odds ratio [uOR]: 0.17; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03‐0.85; P ‐value = .020), early catheter removal (uOR: 0.15; 95% CI: 0.03‐0.76; P ‐value = .013), and appropriate early antifungal therapy (uOR: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.02‐0.89; P ‐value = .041) were protective for 30‐day mortality., [Conclusions] High rates of non‐albicans species and fluconazole non‐susceptibility must be taken into account to optimize therapeutic management and outcomes in SOT recipients with candidemia., The CANDIPOP Project was supported by non‐restrictive research grants from Gilead Sciences, MSD, Astellas Pharma, and Pfizer. This study was cofounded by Fundación SEIMC‐GESIDA, by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (co‐financed by the European Development Regional Fund [ERDF] >A way to achieve Europe>), and by the Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD12/0015). The CANDI‐Bundle Study was supported by “Plan Nacional de I + D+I” and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias [FIS] PI15/00744), Subdirección General de Redes y Centros de Investigación Cooperativa, Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016). MFR holds a research contract “Miguel Servet” (CP 18/00073) from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, Instituto de Salud Carlos III.

A case of 1-year-old male multivisceral transplant recipient with candidemia diagnosed by the T2Candida (R) test is presented. Optimal management of the candidemia complemented the treatment of the global clinical episode. Duration of treatment might be established much more precisely with the T2Candida (R) test than with blood cultures.