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Many studies have shown that drinking coffee and tea may be associated with the risk of hypertension and dementia. Limited research exists on their impact on dementia risk in hypertensive patients. This study aimed to determine the association between coffee and tea consumption and the risk of dementia development in hypertensive population by utilizing Cox proportional risk modeling with 453,913 participants from a UK biobank. Our findings reveal a J-shaped and U-shaped association between the risk of all-cause dementia and the consumption of coffee and tea respectively in hypertensive people. The hypertensive patients who drink 0.5–1 cup of coffee or 4–5 cups of tea per day have the lowest risk of dementia. A U-shaped relationship was observed between daily caffeine consumption and the risk of developing all-cause dementia and vascular dementia in the hypertensive population. Furthermore, the significant association between the amount of coffee and tea consumed and the risk of all-cause and vascular dementia were more likely to be found in hypertensive patients than in the non-hypertensive population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While coffee and green tea have been suggested to have immunoprotective effects, it remains elusive whether they can decrease the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Objective: We prospectively examined the associations of coffee and green tea consumption with the risk of COVID-19 among mRNA vaccine recipients during the epidemic of the Omicron variant. Methods: Participants were 2,110 staff (aged 18 to 76 years) of a large medical facility in Tokyo, who attended a serosurvey in June 2022, predominantly received =3 doses of vaccine, and were followed for COVID-19 until December 2022. Coffee and green tea consumption was ascertained via a questionnaire. COVID-19 was identified through the in-house registry. Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) of COVID-19 across the categories of beverage consumption. Results: During 6 months of follow-up, 225 (10.6%) cases of COVID-19 were identified. Contrary to the expectation, higher consumption of coffee was associated with a significant increase in the risk of COVID-19; multivariable-adjusted HRs were 1.00 (reference), 0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62-1.35), 1.48 (95% CI, 0.99-2.22), and 1.82 (95% CI, 1.20-2.76) for <1 cup/day, 1 cup/day, 2 cups/day, and =3 cups/day, respectively (P trend = 0.003). Green tea consumption was not significantly associated with the risk of COVID-19. The association with coffee was attenuated if serologically detected infection was added to the cases. Conclusion: In a cohort of Japanese hospital staff who received COVID-19 vaccine, higher consumption of coffee was associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 during the epidemic of the Omicron variant. There was no evidence of a significant association between green tea consumption and COVID-19 risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Many studies have shown that drinking coffee and tea may be associated with the risk of hypertension and dementia. Limited research exists on their impact on dementia risk in hypertensive patients. This study aimed to determine the association between coffee and tea consumption and the risk of dementia development in hypertensive population by utilizing Cox proportional risk modeling with 453,913 participants from a UK biobank. Our findings reveal a J-shaped and U-shaped association between the risk of all-cause dementia and the consumption of coffee and tea respectively in hypertensive people. The hypertensive patients who drink 0.5–1 cup of coffee or 4–5 cups of tea per day have the lowest risk of dementia. A U-shaped relationship was observed between daily caffeine consumption and the risk of developing all-cause dementia and vascular dementia in the hypertensive population. Furthermore, the significant association between the amount of coffee and tea consumed and the risk of all-cause and vascular dementia were more likely to be found in hypertensive patients than in the non-hypertensive population.

Background: While coffee and green tea have been suggested to have immunoprotective effects, it remains elusive whether they can decrease the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Objective: We prospectively examined the associations of coffee and green tea consumption with the risk of COVID-19 among mRNA vaccine recipients during the epidemic of the Omicron variant. Methods: Participants were 2,110 staff (aged 18 to 76 years) of a large medical facility in Tokyo, who attended a serosurvey in June 2022, predominantly received ≥3 doses of vaccine, and were followed for COVID-19 until December 2022. Coffee and green tea consumption was ascertained via a questionnaire. COVID-19 was identified through the in-house registry. Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) of COVID-19 across the categories of beverage consumption. Results: During 6 months of follow-up, 225 (10.6%) cases of COVID-19 were identified. Contrary to the expectation, higher consumption of coffee was associated with a significant increase in the risk of COVID-19; multivariable-adjusted HRs were 1.00 (reference), 0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62–1.35), 1.48 (95% CI, 0.99–2.22), and 1.82 (95% CI, 1.20–2.76) for

Abstract Objectives To explore the association between tea, coffee, and caffeine consumption and the risk of female infertility. Methods We analyzed data from 2099 females aged 18 to 44 years, participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2018. We used generalized linear models (GLM) and generalized additive model (GAM) to investigate the dose-response relationship between the tea, coffee, and caffeine consumption and infertility, adjusting for potential confounders. Results A non-linear relationship was detected between tea consumption and infertility and the inflection point was 2 cups/day. On the right side of the inflection point, we did not detect a significant association. However, on the left side, we found a negative relationship between tea consumption and infertility (OR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.57 to 0.93; P = 0.0122). Meanwhile, our study found no significant association between coffee (0.96, 0.81 to 1.13, P = 0.6189) or caffeine consumption (1.15, 0.93 to 1.42, P = 0.2148) and female infertility. Conclusions Tea consumption was non-linearly associated with infertility, whereas no significant associations were found between coffee, caffeine consumption and infertility.

This study describes coffee consumption and its perceived effects on the study habits of selected higher education students at Cavite State University Imus Campus. A quantitative research design was employed, surveying 208 students via a structured questionnaire. The study analyzed the data using descriptive and inferential statistics. The demographic profile of respondents shows a majority of females (55.77%) and students aged 21 to 24 years (48.07%), with most enrolled in the BSIT program. Results indicate that coffee consumption is a prevalent part of students' daily routines, with 76.44% drinking coffee daily and a significant preference for both hot and cold types (57.21%). One cup per day is the most common consumption level (57.21%). Students perceived coffee to significantly enhance cognitive functions, energy levels, productivity, and mood during study sessions, aligning with previous research highlighting caffeine's positive effects on memory, alertness, and motor coordination (Lin et al., 2023). However, there are mixed perceptions regarding dependency and withdrawal symptoms, with some negative impacts noted when coffee is not drunk, echoing concerns about tolerance and withdrawal symptoms discussed in the literature (Van De Walle et al., 2019). Findings showed no significant differences in the perceived effects of coffee consumption when the respondents were grouped by age, sex, year level, or degree program. This research suggests that coffee consumption plays a vital role in the student's academic lives. While consumption enhances cognitive and academic performance, it also presents potential risks related to coffee dependency. Administrators can use the findings of this study to enhance the school environment with a focus on food and health security by providing healthier alternatives and varied coffee options in campus canteens that can support students' academic success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To explore the association between tea, coffee, and caffeine consumption and the risk of female infertility. Methods: We analyzed data from 2099 females aged 18 to 44 years, participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2018. We used generalized linear models (GLM) and generalized additive model (GAM) to investigate the dose-response relationship between the tea, coffee, and caffeine consumption and infertility, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: A non-linear relationship was detected between tea consumption and infertility and the inflection point was 2 cups/day. On the right side of the inflection point, we did not detect a significant association. However, on the left side, we found a negative relationship between tea consumption and infertility (OR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.57 to 0.93; P = 0.0122). Meanwhile, our study found no significant association between coffee (0.96, 0.81 to 1.13, P = 0.6189) or caffeine consumption (1.15, 0.93 to 1.42, P = 0.2148) and female infertility. Conclusions: Tea consumption was non-linearly associated with infertility, whereas no significant associations were found between coffee, caffeine consumption and infertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to achieve a dual objective: to compare the frequencies of CYP1A2 rs762551 genotypes between team sport athletes and a control group, and to determine the association between the rs762551 polymorphism and changes in physical performance after a six-week training program among elite basketball players. Methods: The study encompassed an analysis of 504 individuals, comprising 320 athletes and 184 controls. For the Turkish cohort, DNA was isolated using the buccal swab method, and genotyping was conducted using the KASP technique. Performance assessments included the Yo-Yo IR2 and 30 m sprint tests. For Russian participants, DNA samples were extracted from peripheral blood, a commercial kit was used for DNA extraction, and genotyping of the rs762551 polymorphism was conducted using DNA microarray. Result: Notably, a statistically significant linear decline in the prevalence of the CC genotype was observed with ascending levels of athletic achievement within team sports (sub-elite: 18.0%, elite: 8.2%, highly elite: 0%; p = 0.001). Additionally, the CA genotype was the most prevalent genotype in the highly elite group compared to controls (80.0% vs. 45.1%, p = 0.048). Furthermore, statistically significant improvements in Yo-Yo IR2 performance were noted exclusively among basketball players harboring the CA genotype (p = 0.048). Conclusions: The study's findings indicate that the rs762551 CC genotype is a disadvantage in elite team sports, whereas the CA genotype provides an advantage in basketball performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coffee, a widely consumed beverage, has shown benefits for human health but lacks sufficient basic and clinical evidence to fully understand its impacts and mechanisms. Here, we conducted a cross‐sectional observational study of coffee consumption and a 1‐month clinical trial in humans. We found that coffee consumption significantly reshaped the immune system and metabolism, including reduced levels of inflammatory factors and a reduced frequency of senescent T cells. The frequency of senescent T cells and the levels of the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype were lower in both long‐term coffee consumers and new coffee consumers than in coffee nondrinking subjects, suggesting that coffee has anti‐immunosenescence effects. Moreover, coffee consumption downregulated the activities of the The Janus kinase/signal transduction and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) and mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathways and reduced systemic proinflammatory cytokine levels. Mechanistically, coffee‐associated metabolites, such as 1‐methylxanthine, 3‐methylxanthine, paraxanthine, and ceramide, reduced the frequency of senescent CD4+CD57+ T cells in vitro. Finally, in vivo, coffee intake alleviated inflammation and immunosenescence in imiquimod‐induced psoriasis‐like mice. Our results provide novel evidence of the anti‐inflammatory and anti‐immunosenescence effects of coffee, suggesting that coffee consumption could be considered a healthy habit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coffee consumption has been associated with a reduced risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). However, it is not clear whether coffee consumption is related to CRC progression. Hence, we assessed the association of coffee consumption with CRC recurrence and all‐cause mortality using data from a prospective cohort study of 1719 stage I–III CRC patients in the Netherlands. Coffee consumption and other lifestyle characteristics were self‐reported using questionnaires at the time of diagnosis. We retrieved recurrence and all‐cause mortality data from the Netherlands Cancer Registry and the Personal Records Database, respectively. Cox proportional hazard regression models with and without restricted cubic splines were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking status, cancer stage and tumor location. We observed 257 recurrences during a 6.2‐year median follow‐up and 309 deaths during a 6.6‐year median follow‐up. Consuming more than 4 cups/d of coffee compared to an intake of <2 cups/d was associated with a 32% lower risk of CRC recurrence (95% CI: 0.49, 0.94,). The association between coffee consumption and all‐cause mortality was U‐shaped; coffee intake seemed optimal at 3–5 cups/d with the lowest risk at 4 cups/d (HR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.53, 0.88). Our results suggest that coffee consumption may be associated with a lower risk of CRC recurrence and all‐cause mortality. The association between coffee consumption and all‐cause mortality appeared nonlinear. More studies are needed to understand the mechanism by which coffee consumption might improve CRC prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There may be an interaction between viral hepatitis and psychiatric disorders during disease progression. Herein, we conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore the causal associations and mediators between viral hepatitis and psychiatric disorders. Methods: Genome-wide association studies summary data for viral hepatitis [including chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and chronic hepatitis C (CHC)] and psychiatric disorders (including depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, obsessivecompulsive disorder, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder) were obtained. Two-sample MR was performed to assess the causal associations between viral hepatitis and psychiatric disorders. Further, a mediation analysis was conducted to evaluate the potential mediators. Inverse-variance weighted, MR-Egger, and weighted median were used as the main methods, while a sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate pleiotropy and heterogeneity. Results: There was no causal effect of CHB/CHC on psychiatric disorders, as well as psychiatric disorders on CHB. However, schizophrenia presented a causal effect on increased CHC risk [odds ratio (OR)=1.378, 95%CI: 1.012–1.876]. Further, a mediation analysis identified coffee consumption and body mass index as mediators in the effect of schizophrenia on CHC, mediating 3.75% (95%CI: 0.76%–7.04%) and 0.94% (95%CI: 0.00%–1.70%) proportion, respectively. Conclusion: We revealed that schizophrenia patients faced a high risk of CHC, and insufficient coffee consumption and underweight could mediate the causal effect of schizophrenia on CHC. The prevention of hepatitis C might be a beneficial strategy for patients with schizophrenia. The right amount of nutrition supplements and coffee consumption might be part of a beneficial lifestyle in preventing the high CHC risk in patients with schizophrenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundRestricting salt, caffeine, and alcohol intake is commonly recommended as a first-line treatment for patients with Ménière’s disease (MD). However, it remains unclear whether these interventions effectively improve symptoms of MD. Therefore, we conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the relationship between these dietary modifications and MD.MethodsSummary statistics for salt added to food, alcohol consumption, coffee consumption, and MD were sourced from the United Kingdom Biobank, GSCAN, and the FinnGen study, involving up to 941,280 participants. The main analyses were performed using the random-effects inverse-variance weighted (IVW) approach and were complemented by four additional methods. Multiple sensitivity analyses were performed to validate the findings, and both forward and reverse MR analyses were employed to address potential reverse causality bias.ResultsThe primary MR results using the IVW method revealed that salt added to food (OR = 0.719, 95% CI: 0.429–1.206; p = 0.211), alcohol consumption (OR = 0.834, 95% CI: 0.427–1.628; p = 0.595), and coffee consumption (OR = 0.852, 95% CI: 0.555–1.306; p = 0.461) were not significantly correlated with MD. In reverse analysis, no evidence of significant effect was found from MD to salt added to food (OR = 1.000, 95% CI: 0.993–1.007; p = 0.957), alcohol consumption (OR = 0.998, 95% CI: 0.987–1.008; p = 0.682), and coffee consumption (OR = 0.998, 95% CI: 0.985–1.011; p = 0.72).ConclusionThis MR analysis did not identify convincing evidence to support the idea that restricting salt, caffeine, and alcohol intake is beneficial for the treatment of MD.

Background: The number of prehypertension patients will always be higher than hypertension patients; this is supported by the prevalence of prehypertension being 48.40% according to JNC 7, and hypertension being 34.10% according to Basic Health Research in 2018. Coffee consumption and sleep quality were risk factors that are closely related to the lifestyle of students, this is also reinforced by the number of 24-hour coffee outlets that are open around Universitas Airlangga. Purpose: This aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between coffee consumption and sleep quality on the incidence of prehypertension in final year Universitas Airlangga students. Methods: This type of research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional study design and uses the Chi-square test. The samples consisted of 146 people, which were taken using a simple random sampling method. Data collection was carried out through an online questionnaire. This study involved coffee consumption and sleep quality as independent variables and the incidence of prehypertension in final year Universitas Airlangga students as the dependent variable. Results: There is a correlation between coffee consumption (p=0.00) and sleep quality (p=0.01) with prehypertension in final year Universitas Airlangga students. Coffee consumption has a 2,47 times greater risk and sleep quality has a 2,09 times greater risk of prehypertension in final year Universitas Airlangga students. Conclusion: Poor coffee consumption and sleep quality are related with prehypertension in final year Universitas Airlangga students.

Abstract Background Sedentary behavior has been demonstrated to be a modifiable factor for several chronic diseases, while coffee consumption is believed to be beneficial for health. However, the joint associations of daily sitting time and coffee consumption with mortality remains poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the independent and joint associations of daily sitting time and coffee intakes with mortality from all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) among US adults. Methods An analysis of a prospective cohort from the 2007–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of US adults (n = 10,639). Data on mortality were compiled from interview and physical examination data until December 31, 2019. Daily sitting time was self-reported. Coffee beverages were from the 24-hour diet recall interview. The main outcomes of the study were all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. The adjusted hazard ratios [HRs] and 95% confidence intervals [CI] were imputed by Cox proportional hazards regression. Results Among 10,639 participants in the study cohort, there were 945 deaths, 284 of whom died of CVD during the follow-up period of up to 13 years. Multivariable models showed that sitting more than 8 h/d was associated with higher risks of all-cause (HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.17–1.81) and CVD (HR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.21–2.66) mortality, compared with those sitting for less than 4 h/d. People with the highest quartile of coffee consumption were observed for the reduced risks of both all-cause (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.54–0.84) and CVD (HR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.30–0.69) mortality compared with non-coffee consumers. Notably, joint analyses firstly showed that non-coffee drinkers who sat six hours or more per day were 1.58 (95% CI, 1.25–1.99) times more likely to die of all causes than coffee drinkers sitting for less than six hours per day, indicating that the association of sedentary with increased mortality was only observed among adults with no coffee consumption but not among those who had coffee intake. Conclusions This study identified that sedentary behavior for more than 6 h/d accompanied with non-coffee consumption, were strongly associated with the increased risk of mortality from all-cause and CVD.

Background: Sedentary behavior has been demonstrated to be a modifiable factor for several chronic diseases, while coffee consumption is believed to be beneficial for health. However, the joint associations of daily sitting time and coffee consumption with mortality remains poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the independent and joint associations of daily sitting time and coffee intakes with mortality from all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) among US adults. Methods: An analysis of a prospective cohort from the 2007–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of US adults (n = 10,639). Data on mortality were compiled from interview and physical examination data until December 31, 2019. Daily sitting time was self-reported. Coffee beverages were from the 24-hour diet recall interview. The main outcomes of the study were all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. The adjusted hazard ratios [HRs] and 95% confidence intervals [CI] were imputed by Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: Among 10,639 participants in the study cohort, there were 945 deaths, 284 of whom died of CVD during the follow-up period of up to 13 years. Multivariable models showed that sitting more than 8 h/d was associated with higher risks of all-cause (HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.17–1.81) and CVD (HR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.21–2.66) mortality, compared with those sitting for less than 4 h/d. People with the highest quartile of coffee consumption were observed for the reduced risks of both all-cause (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.54–0.84) and CVD (HR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.30–0.69) mortality compared with non-coffee consumers. Notably, joint analyses firstly showed that non-coffee drinkers who sat six hours or more per day were 1.58 (95% CI, 1.25–1.99) times more likely to die of all causes than coffee drinkers sitting for less than six hours per day, indicating that the association of sedentary with increased mortality was only observed among adults with no coffee consumption but not among those who had coffee intake. Conclusions: This study identified that sedentary behavior for more than 6 h/d accompanied with non-coffee consumption, were strongly associated with the increased risk of mortality from all-cause and CVD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International Coffee Convention 2023 comprehensively addressed the contemporary challenges and advancements in the coffee industry, emphasizing sustainability, health, and innovation. This convention gathered experts and stakeholders to explore diverse aspects of coffee, ranging from the potential of underutilized species like Coffea liberica in terms of climate resilience to the innovative use of coffee by-products. The convention featured presentations and discussions, employing both empirical research and analytical reviews to explore various topics, including the health benefits of coffee, the advancements in traceability and authentication methods, and the impact of global regulatory changes on coffee production and trade. The key findings highlighted the importance of biodiversity in coffee production as a response to climate change, the significant health benefits and sustainability potential of coffee by-products, and the evolving landscape of coffee consumption patterns driven by technological innovations. The convention also stressed the need for alignment in global coffee trade regulations, particularly concerning deforestation and traceability. The 2023 convention underscored the complexity and interconnectivity of the coffee industry's challenges and opportunities. It concluded with a forward-looking perspective, emphasizing the need for continued research, sustainable practices, and collaborative efforts to shape the future of the coffee industry. The community is looking forward to furthering these discussions at the next International Coffee Convention in 2024. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common inherited metabolic disorder with an elevated risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The effects of coffee on FH individuals remain unclear. The aim of this study is to examine the association between coffee consumption and ASCVD and mortality in adults with clinical diagnosed FH. Cross-sectional and prospective (up to December 31st, 2019) analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2018. Coffee consumption was calculated by 24-hour dietary recalls. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression and Cox analysis were performed to evaluated the relationship between coffee consumption and ASCVD and all-cause mortality. A total of 1008 FH individuals with coffee information were included and were categorized into four groups: 357 (35.42%) did not consume coffee on a regular basis, 390 (38.69%) consumed 0.5–3 cups per day, 141 (13.99%) consumed 3–5 cups per day and 120 (11.90%) ≥5 cups per day. Higher coffee or caffeine consumption was associated with elevated risk of ASCVD and heart attack. Compared to non-coffee drinkers, ≥5 cups coffee drinking was associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality (multivariate HR: 1.67, 95%CI: 1.02–2.73, P = 0.04). The risk of all-cause death increased dose-dependently along with the higher coffee or caffeine intake (P < 0.05). The results remained similar among those who excluded non-coffee drinkers. Coffee consumption of up to five cups per day was associated with unfavorable ASCVD and all-cause mortality, suggesting that high coffee consumption should be avoided among patients with FH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Caffeine in the safe dose range has been associated with a reduction in the risk of chronic diseases. There is evidence that caffeine intake has both protective and negative effects on cardiovascular diseases. Aim: This study aimed to investigate caffeine intake in cardiovascular patients. Methods: The study sample was selected from individuals who applied to the Cardiology policlinic of Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University Hospital. A questionnaire was applied using face-to-face interview method to determine their demographic information, nutritional status and anthropometric measurements. Moreover, the nutritional status of the participants was determined by the Food Frequency Questionnaire and the type of cardiovascular disease was determined by a physician. The blood parameters of the sample for the last three months were questioned. The sample has been ninety people of whom fifty cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) were diagnosed and forty were non-diagnosed (ND). Results: The mean age of individuals (n = 90) was 43.2 ± 14.4. The BMI and waist circumference of the CVDs group were statistically significantly higher than the ND group (p < 0.001). While the total caffeine consumption of the ND group was 209.34 ± 143.85 mg/day, consumption of the CVDs group was 209.99 ± 196.76 mg/day. LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol did not show statistically significant difference between the two groups. However, HDL cholesterol was significantly higher in the ND group (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: Present results show that daily caffeine consumption may partially affect blood parameters associated with cardiovascular diseases, especially in the presence of coronary artery disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Coffee, a widely consumed beverage, has shown benefits for human health but lacks sufficient basic and clinical evidence to fully understand its impacts and mechanisms. Here, we conducted a cross‐sectional observational study of coffee consumption and a 1‐month clinical trial in humans. We found that coffee consumption significantly reshaped the immune system and metabolism, including reduced levels of inflammatory factors and a reduced frequency of senescent T cells. The frequency of senescent T cells and the levels of the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype were lower in both long‐term coffee consumers and new coffee consumers than in coffee nondrinking subjects, suggesting that coffee has anti‐immunosenescence effects. Moreover, coffee consumption downregulated the activities of the The Janus kinase/signal transduction and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) and mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathways and reduced systemic proinflammatory cytokine levels. Mechanistically, coffee‐associated metabolites, such as 1‐methylxanthine, 3‐methylxanthine, paraxanthine, and ceramide, reduced the frequency of senescent CD4+CD57+ T cells in vitro. Finally, in vivo, coffee intake alleviated inflammation and immunosenescence in imiquimod‐induced psoriasis‐like mice. Our results provide novel evidence of the anti‐inflammatory and anti‐immunosenescence effects of coffee, suggesting that coffee consumption could be considered a healthy habit.

Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world, which has important repercussions on the health of the individual, mainly because of certain compounds it contains. Coffee consumption exerts significant influences on the entire body, including the gastrointestinal tract, where a central role is played by the gut microbiota. Dysbiosis in the gut microbiota is implicated in the occurrence of numerous diseases, and knowledge of the microbiota has proven to be of fundamental importance for the development of new therapeutic strategies. In this narrative review, we thoroughly investigated the link between coffee consumption and its effects on the gut microbiota and the ensuing consequences on human health. We have selected the most significant articles published on this very interesting link, with the aim of elucidating the latest evidence about the relationship between coffee consumption, its repercussions on the composition of the gut microbiota, and human health. Based on the various studies carried out in both humans and animal models, it has emerged that coffee consumption is associated with changes in the gut microbiota, although further research is needed to understand more about this link and the repercussions for the whole organism.

• GCKR rs1260326 is associated with coffee consumption and kidney function. • The effect of coffee on kidney function may differ based on the rs1260326 genotype. • Koreans with TT genotype showed lower kidney disease risk from coffee consumption. Kidney function can be preserved through pharmacological interventions and nonpharmacological strategies, such as lifestyle and dietary adjustments. Among these, coffee has been linked to protective effects on kidney function. However, few studies have investigated the effect of coffee consumption on kidney function according to specific genes. We hypothesized that the impact of coffee consumption on kidney function might vary depending on GCKR polymorphism. GCKR rs1260326 polymorphism was examined using the Korean genome and epidemiology data from 656 chronic kidney disease (CKD) cases and 38,540 individuals without CKD (non-CKD). GCKR polymorphism has been previously associated with both coffee consumption and kidney function in Europeans. We replicated the associations between GCKR rs1260326 and coffee consumption and kidney function in Korean individuals. We also explored the effect of coffee consumption on kidney function by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Individuals with the rs1260326 (TC/CC) genotype did not experience significant changes in CKD risk based on their coffee consumption habits. In contrast, individuals with the TT genotype exhibited a significantly lower risk of CKD based on coffee consumption. Interestingly, in the non-CKD group, a beneficial effect on estimated glomerular filtration rate was observed in individuals with the T allele as coffee consumption increased. Our findings supported the hypothesis and revealed that the impact of coffee consumption habits on kidney function may vary based on the GCKR rs1260326 genotype of Korean individuals. Participants recruited from the HEXA cohort of Korean were classified into CKD (n = 656) and non-CKD (n = 38,540) groups. Unlike individuals with the C allele of GCKR rs1260326, those with the T allele showed a significantly reduced risk of CKD with increasing coffee consumption. This indicates that the impact of coffee consumption on kidney function may vary depending on the genotype of GCKR rs1260326 in Koreans. Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; HEXA, Health Examinees. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coffee is the food source of cafestol and kahweol (C&K), a pair of furanoditerpenoids that have antitumor, anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. These diterpenes act on hallmarks of cancer such as resistance cell death, inducing angiogenesis, and activating migration & metastasis. Cafestol and kahweol have a wide antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic profile reported for different cell lines and reduce cancer cell resistance to antineoplastic drugs. Up to now, studies show that these diterpenes are the only bioactive compounds in coffee that show significant antitumor activity in specific cancer cell lines. The pharmacokinetics studies of C&K performed with different animal models demonstrate that they have a complex distribution and biotransformation. Besides the structure-activity relationship of C&K is not fully understood. This narrative review aims to highlight the potential of C&K in cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy, pharmacokinetics, and the perspectives of the structure-activity relationship of these furanoditerpenoids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Bone health in early adulthood, as individuals approach peak bone mass, plays a critical role in preventing osteoporosis later in life. This study aimed to investigate the associations between lifestyle and dietary factors, anthropometric measurements, and urinary bone resorption markers in young adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 healthy Korean adults (50 men and 50 women) in their 20s and early 30s. Bone mineral density (BMD), anthropometric measurements, dietary intake (24-hour recall), and urinary bone resorption indicators (deoxypyridinoline and N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen) were analyzed. Variables were compared between the osteopenia and osteoporosis groups (OSTEO group: 30% men and 60% women) and the healthy control group. Results: Men in the OSTEO group were significantly taller than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Women in the OSTEO group had significantly lower body weight and body composition (muscle and body fat) than those in the normal group (P < 0.01). Men in the OSTEO group had a significantly higher intake of animal calcium (Ca) than those in the normal group (P < 0.05). Women in the OSTEO group had significantly higher dietary fiber, vitamin A, Ca, plant Ca, and potassium intake than did those in the normal group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in caffeinated beverage consumption, eating habits, or urinary bone resorption indicators between the OSTEO and control groups of either sex. Conclusions: In our study of young South Korean adults, we observed low bone density levels, with particularly low BMD in taller men and underweight women. We found a higher nutrient intake in the OSTEO group, indicating the possibility of reverse causality, a phenomenon often found in cross-sectional studies. Therefore, there is a need to further elucidate dietary factors related to osteoporosis in young adults through prospective cohort studies involving a larger population.

Coffee consumption is a prevalent daily practice worldwide, and coffee is known to contain a variety of chemical compounds that can impact human health. This study aims to examine the influence of coffee consumption on serum lipid profile. To achieve this, a total of 109 participants from the Jordanian population were recruited for this study, spanning from April 2022 to September 2022. Of these, 90 individuals were regular coffee consumers, while 19 individuals served as a healthy control group by abstaining from coffee consumption. Venous blood samples were collected from participants and subjected to serum lipid profile analysis using an automated biochemistry analyzer. The results indicated no statistically significant differences in age (48 ± 6 years vs. 45 ± 7 years) and body mass index (27.9 ± 5.9 kg/m2 vs. 27.3 ± 5.2 kg/m2) between the group of coffee consumers and the non-coffee consuming control group. However, a significant increase was observed in the mean serum lipid levels of triglycerides (229.6 ± 7.87 mg/dL vs. 187.6 ± 5.43 mg/dL), total cholesterol (235.9 ± 17.83 mg/dL vs. 228 ± 8.75 mg/dL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (144.6 ± 5.97 mg/dL vs. 137.8 ± 7.18 mg/dL), and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (45.8 ± 1.58 mg/dL vs. 37.5 ± 1.43 mg/dL) in the coffee-consuming group compared to the non-coffee consuming group (p

Background: Mounting studies have demonstrated that coffee consumption significantly reduces the risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD). However, there have been few investigations about the role of chronic coffee consumption in nigrostriatal structural neurodegeneration in PD. We aimed to investigate whether chronic coffee consumption is associated with the change in striatal volume in PD. Methods: In this study, 130 de novo patients with PD and 69 healthy controls were enrolled from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative cohort. Patients with PD and healthy controls were, respectively, divided into three subgroups, including current, ever, and never coffee consumers. Then, striatal volume was compared across the three subgroups. Correlation analyses were performed to assess the relationship between cups consumed per day and striatal volume. Furthermore, we included the factors that may have influenced nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in multiple linear regression analyses to identify significant contributing factors to striatal volume in each investigated striatal region. Results: Current coffee consumers had decreased striatal volume compared with ever consumers in controls but not patients with PD. Furthermore, the correlation analyses revealed that cups per day were negatively correlated with striatal volume in current consumers of patients with PD and controls. In addition, multiple linear regression analyses showed that current coffee consumption remained as an independent predictor of a decrease in striatal volume in controls. Conclusions: Our study showed that chronic coffee consumption was negatively correlated with striatal volume. In addition, our study showed that chronic coffee consumption was associated with the change in striatal volume in current—rather than ever coffee consumers, which suggests that the chronic effects of caffeine on striatal morphology may fade and even compensate after quitting coffee. Our study provides evidence for the effect of chronic coffee consumption on striatal volume in human brain in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was performed to investigate the effect of coffee consumption on abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) among adults with and without hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). A total of 2548 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2014 were included. Coffee consumption was obtained from 24-h dietary recalls. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure the severity of AAC. In the fully adjusted model, compared with non-drinkers, high coffee consumption (≥390 g/d) was associated with higher AAC scores among participants with hypertension (β = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.21–1.22), diabetes (β = 1.20, 95% CI: 0.35–2.05), and CVD (β = 2.03, 95% CI: 0.71–3.36). We did not observe such an association among participants without hypertension, diabetes, and CVD. Furthermore, decaffeinated coffee was not associated with AAC. In conclusion, patients with hypertension, diabetes, and CVD should focus on coffee consumption, especially caffeinated coffee, to reduce the burden of AAC. • Heavy caffeinated coffee intake was associated with higher AAC scores in patients with hypertension, diabetes, and CVD. • In participants without hypertension, diabetes, and CVD, coffee consumption has no significant effect on AAC. • Regardless of hypertension, diabetes, and CVD status, no effect of decaffeinated coffee intake on AAC scores was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are considered the predominant cause of death globally. An abnormal increase in biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation are consistently linked with the development and even progression of metabolic diseases, including enhanced CVD risk. Coffee is considered one of the most consumed beverages in the world, while reviewed evidence regarding its capacity to modulate biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation remains limited. The current study made use of prominent electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus to retrieve information from randomized controlled trials reporting on any association between coffee consumption and modulation of biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in healthy individuals or those at increased risk of developing CVD. In fact, summarized evidence indicates that coffee consumption, mainly due to its abundant antioxidant properties, can reduce biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation, which can be essential in alleviating the CVD risk in healthy individuals. However, more evidence suggests that regular/prolonged use or long term (>4 weeks) consumption of coffee appeared to be more beneficial in comparison with short-term intake (<4 weeks). These positive effects are also observed in individuals already presenting with increased CVD risk, although such evidence is very limited. The current analysis of data highlights the importance of understanding how coffee consumption can be beneficial in strengthening intracellular antioxidants to alleviate pathological features of oxidative stress and inflammation to reduce CVD risk within the general population. Also covered within the review is essential information on the metabolism and bioavailability profile of coffee, especially caffeine as one of its major bioactive compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages in the world, coffee consumption has been growing in the United States over the past 20 years. Periodontitis is defined by the pathologic loss of the periodontal ligament and destruction of the connective tissue attachment and alveolar bone loss and is related to different systemic diseases and conditions. However, the causality has remained unclarified, thus we regarded discovering the causal relationship between coffee consumption and the liability to periodontitis as the objective of the study. Methods: Coffee consumption was subdivided into binary coffee consumption and continuous coffee consumption to refine the study design. Genetic instruments were stretched from the MRC-IEU's (MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit) output from the GWAS pipeline using phesant-derived variables based on the UK Biobank, the Gene-Lifestyle Interactions in Dental Endpoints (GLIDE) project, and the joint meta-analysis of a recent GWAS. The IVW (Inverse Variance Weighted) was regarded as the primary method to estimate the causality, a scatter plot revealed the intuitive result, and tests for stability were also carried out. Results: An effect of continuous coffee consumption on the risk of periodontitis was found, with per SD of coffee consumed increases, the risk of periodontitis rises by 1.04% (Odds Ratio of IVW is 1.0104), while the effect of binary coffee consumption on periodontitis did not meet the requirement of indicating a strong causal association, neither were the reverse causality analyses. Conclusions: The study indicated the causality of continuous coffee consumption to the risk of periodontitis with a relatively small scale of effect estimate and no strong evidence for an effect of binary coffee-consuming behavior on periodontitis. There was also no intensive evidence suggesting reverse causality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundPrevious studies have not established potential causal associations between coffee and caffeine consumption in endometrial cancer (EC) and its subgroups. Therefore, we used a two-sample MR method to assess the causal association between coffee and caffeine consumption and EC risk. We also evaluated the association between these genetically predicted exposures and EC prognosis.Materials and methodsThis study used 12 and two independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with coffee and caffeine consumption as instrumental variables at a genome-wide significance level of p < 5 × 10–8. The EC Association Consortium (ECAC) performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis of 12,906 cases and 108,979 controls. FinnGen Consortium performed a GWAS analysis of 1,967 EC cases and 167,189 controls. The primary technique we employed was inverse-variance weighted, followed by the weighted median, MR-Egger regression, and MR robust adjusted profile score methods. We used the MR pleiotropy residual sum, Outlier test, and MR-Egger regression to assess Outlier and pleiotropic variants. We also conducted a sensitivity analysis through the leave-one-out method.ResultsGenetically predicted coffee consumption was not associated with EC and its subgroups in the ECAC, and the association was consistent in the FinnGen consortium. After excluding eight SNPs with confounding factors, the study performed sensitivity analyses, delivering consistent results. We also observed that caffeine consumption was not correlated with EC risk. As confirmed by MR analysis, selected SNPs determined that most do not significantly impact the likelihood of developing EC.ConclusionOur study indicated no convincing evidence supports coffee and caffeine consumption causing EC or impacting its prognosis. More studies are needed to validate the results.

Background: Studies exploring the possible protective effect of coffee and tea consumption on dementia have shown inconsistent results so far. We aimed to investigate whether consumption of tea and different types of coffee at midlife are associated with dementia later in life and whether sex or ApoE4 influence such association. Methods: We included 7381 participants from the Norwegian HUNT Study. Self-reported questionnaires assessed daily consumption of coffee and tea at baseline. After 22 years, individuals 70 years or older were screened for cognitive impairment. Results: General coffee consumption and tea consumption was not associated with dementia risk. Compared to daily consumption of 0–1 cups of coffee, daily consumption of ≥8 cups of boiled coffee was associated with increased dementia risk in women (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.10–3.04, p-value for trend = 0.03) and daily consumption of 4–5 cups of other types of coffee was associated with a decrease in dementia risk in men (OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.32–0.72, p-value for trend = 0.05). Furthermore, the association between boiled coffee and increased dementia risk was only found in ApoE4 non-carriers. Differences by sex or ApoE4 carrier status were not supported by strong statistical evidence for interaction. Tea consumption was not associated with dementia risk. Conclusion: type of coffee may play a role in the direction of the association between coffee-drinking habits and dementia later in life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Previous studies suggested that moderate coffee and tea consumption are associated with lower risk of mortality. However, the association between the combination of coffee and tea consumption with the risk of mortality remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the separate and combined associations of coffee and tea consumption with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Methods This prospective cohort study included 498,158 participants (37–73 years) from the UK Biobank between 2006 and 2010. Coffee and tea consumption were assessed at baseline using a self-reported questionnaire. All-cause and cause-specific mortalities, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), respiratory disease, and digestive disease mortality, were obtained from the national death registries. Cox regression analyses were conducted to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results After a median follow-up of 12.1 years, 34,699 deaths were identified. The associations of coffee and tea consumption with all-cause and cause-specific mortality attributable to CVD, respiratory disease, and digestive disease were nonlinear (all P nonlinear < 0.001). The association between separate coffee consumption and the risk of all-cause mortality was J-shaped, whereas that of separate tea consumption was reverse J-shaped. Drinking one cup of coffee or three cups of tea per day seemed to link with the lowest risk of mortality. In joint analyses, compared to neither coffee nor tea consumption, the combination of < 1–2 cups/day of coffee and 2–4 cups/day of tea had lower mortality risks for all-cause (HR, 0.78; 95% CI: 0.73–0.85), CVD (HR, 0.76; 95% CI: 0.64–0.91), and respiratory disease (HR, 0.69; 95% CI: 0.57–0.83) mortality. Nevertheless, the lowest HR (95% CI) of drinking both < 1–2 cup/day of coffee and ≥ 5 cups/day of tea for digestive disease mortality was 0.42 (0.34–0.53). Conclusions In this large prospective study, separate and combined coffee and tea consumption were inversely associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

Objective: A number of epidemiological studies have demonstrated that smoking initiation and alcohol and coffee consumption were closely related to women's reproductive health. However, there was still insufficient evidence supporting their direct causality effect. Methods: We utilized two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analysis with summary datasets from genome-wide association study (GWAS) to investigate the causal relationship between smoking initiation, alcohol and coffee consumption, and women's reproductive health-related traits. Exposure genetic instruments were used as variants significantly related to traits. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the main analysis approach, and we also performed MR-PRESSO, MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode to supplement the sensitivity test. Then, the horizontal pleiotropy was detected by using MRE intercept and MR-PRESSO methods, and the heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q statistics. Results: We found evidence that smoking women showed a significant inverse causal association with the sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels (corrected β = -0.033, p = 9.05E-06) and age at menopause (corrected β = -0.477, p = 6.60E-09) and a potential positive correlation with the total testosterone (TT) levels (corrected β = 0.033, p = 1.01E-02). In addition, there was suggestive evidence for the alcohol drinking effect on the elevated TT levels (corrected β = 0.117, p = 5.93E-03) and earlier age at menopause (corrected β = -0.502, p = 4.14E-02) among women, while coffee consumption might decrease the female SHBG levels (corrected β = -0.034, p = 1.33E-03). Conclusion: Our findings suggested that smoking in women significantly decreased their SHBG concentration, promoted earlier menopause, and possibly reduced the TT levels. Alcohol drinking had a potential effect on female higher TT levels and earlier menopause, while coffee consumption might lead to lower female SHBG levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 8 week a selected home based exercise program by consuming coffee on blood lipid profile of inactive middle-aged men in pandemic COVID-19 condition. The present study is a semi-experimental methodology and 44 middle-aged men with fatty liver were randomly divided into four groups of 11 cases: home-based exercise, coffee, home-based exercise + coffee, control. Blood test was used to measure blood lipid profile. The combined home-based exercise intervention was performed for 8 weeks, three sessions and 60 minutes per session. Coffee intervention consumed 10 grams of coffee per every other day. The results showed that weight, body mass index, LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol and triglyceride decreased significantly after eight weeks of training in all three experimental groups and HDL cholesterol increased significantly (p < .05). It seems that performed combined home- based exercise and in combination with coffee consumption can be effective in improving the blood lipid profile of inactive middle-aged men in quarantine and paired COVID-19 conditions and prevent liver damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higher consumption of coffee and caffeine has been linked to less weight gain and lower body mass index in prospective cohort studies. The aim of the study was to longitudinally assess the association of changes in coffee and caffeine intake with changes in fat tissue, in particular, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) using dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). In the setting of a large, randomized trial of Mediterranean diet and physical activity intervention, we evaluated 1483 participants with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Repeated measurements of coffee consumption from validated food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) and DXA measurements of adipose tissue were collected at baseline, 6 months, 12 months and 3 years of follow-up. DXA-derived measurements of total and regional adipose tissue expressed as % of total body weight were transformed into sex-specific z-scores. Linear multilevel mixed-effect models were used to investigate the relationship between changes in coffee consumption and corresponding concurrent changes in fat tissue during a 3-year follow-up. After adjustment for intervention group, and other potential confounders, an increase in caffeinated coffee consumption from no or infrequent consumption (≤3 cups/month) to moderate consumption (1–7 cups/week) was associated with reductions in total body fat (Δ z-score: −0.06; 95% CI: −0.11 to −0.02), trunk fat (Δ z-score: −0.07; 95% CI: −0.12 to −0.02), and VAT (Δ z-score: −0.07; 95% CI: −0.13 to −0.01). Neither changes from no or infrequent consumption to high levels of caffeinated coffee consumption (>1 cup/day) nor any changes in decaffeinated coffee consumption showed significant associations with changes in DXA measures. Moderate changes in the consumption of caffeinated coffee, but not changes to high consumption, were associated with reductions in total body fat, trunk fat and VAT in a Mediterranean cohort with MetS. Decaffeinated coffee was not linked to adiposity indicators. Moderate consumption of caffeinated coffee may be part of a weight management strategy. The trial was registered at the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial (ISRCTN: http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN89898870) with number 89898870 and registration date of 24 July 2014, retrospectively registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, the relationship between coffee consumption and metabolic phenotypes has hardly been investigated and remains controversial. Therefore, the aim of this cross-sectional study is to examine the associations between coffee consumption and metabolic phenotypes in a Japanese population. We analyzed the data of 26,363 subjects (aged 35–69 years) in the baseline survey of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. Coffee consumption was assessed using a questionnaire. Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) was defined according to the Joint Interim Statement Criteria of 2009, using body mass index (BMI) instead of waist circumference. Subjects stratified by the presence or absence of obesity (normal weight: BMI <25 kg/m2; obesity: BMI ≥25 kg/m2) were classified by the number of MetS components (metabolically healthy: no components; metabolically unhealthy: one or more components) other than BMI. In multiple logistic regression analyses adjusted for sex, age, and other potential confounders, high coffee consumption (≥3 cups/day) was associated with a lower prevalence of MetS and metabolically unhealthy phenotypes both in normal weight (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.76–0.90) and obese subjects (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.69–0.99). Filtered/instant coffee consumption was inversely associated with the prevalence of MetS and metabolically unhealthy phenotypes, whereas canned/bottled/packed coffee consumption was not. The present results suggest that high coffee consumption, particularly filtered/instant coffee, is inversely associated with the prevalence of metabolically unhealthy phenotypes in both normal weight and obese Japanese adults. • A cross-sectional study in a Japanese population. • Coffee consumption was inversely associated with metabolically unhealthy phenotypes. • The inverse associations were mainly not mediated by BMI. • The associations were also observed in filtered/instant coffee consumption. • The associations were not observed in canned/bottled/packed coffee consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to assess the potential benefits of caffeine intake in protecting against the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Furthermore, we tested the effect of topical administration of caffeine on the early stages of DR in an experimental model of DR. In the cross-sectional study, a total of 144 subjects with DR and 147 individuals without DR were assessed. DR was assessed by an experienced ophthalmologist. A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was administered. In the experimental model, a total of 20 mice were included. One drop (5 μL) of caffeine (5 mg/mL) (n = 10) or vehicle (5 μL PBS, pH 7.4) (n = 10) was randomly administered directly onto the superior corneal surface twice daily for two weeks in each eye. Glial activation and retinal vascular permeability were assessed using standard methods. In the cross-sectional study in humans, the adjusted-multivariable model showed that a moderate and high (Q2 and Q4) caffeine intake had a protective effect of DR (odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 0.35 (0.16–0.78); p = 0.011 and 0.35 (0.16–0.77); p = 0.010, respectively). In the experimental model, the administration of caffeine did not improve either reactive gliosis or retinal vascular permeability. Our results suggest a dose-dependent protective effect of caffeine in the development of DR, while the potential benefits of antioxidants in coffee and tea should also be considered. Further research is needed to establish the benefits and mechanisms of caffeinated beverages in the development of DR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coffee, one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world, is commercialized as powder and beans in different types of packaging and extracted through several methods. In this regard, the present study focused on evaluating the concentration of two of the most used phthalates in plastic materials (bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and di-butyl phthalate (DBP)) in coffee powder and beverages to assess their migration from different packaging and machines. Furthermore, the levels of exposure to these endocrine disruptors in regular coffee consumers were estimated. Samples of packaged coffee powder/beans (n = 60) from different forms of packaging (multilayer bag, aluminum tin, and paper pod) and coffee beverages (n = 40) that were differently extracted (by professional espresso machine (PEM), Moka pot (MP), and home espresso machine (HEM)) were analyzed by extraction of the lipid fraction, purification, and determination by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Risk due to consumption of coffee (1–6 cups) was assessed based on tolerable daily intake (TDI) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR). No significant differences emerged in DBP and DEHP concentrations among different types of packaging (multilayer, aluminum, and paper), whereas higher levels of DEHP were reported in beverages extracted by PEM (6.65, 2.58–11.32) than by MP (0.78, 0.59–0.91) and HEM (0.83, 0.62–0.98). The presence of higher DEHP levels in coffee beverages than in coffee powder may be due to its leaching through machine components. However, the levels of PAEs did not exceed the specific migration limits (SMLs) set out for food contact materials (FCM), and exposure to PAEs from coffee beverages was low, justifying the small risk due of its consumption. Consequently, coffee can be considered a safe beverage for exposure to some phthalic acid esters (PAEs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder and a major global problem. Coffee contains several bioactive compounds, such as caffeine, chlorogenic acid, trigonelline, cafestol, and kahweol, associated with a reduced risk of type 2 DM. This study aimed to assess the relationship between coffee consumption habits and blood glucose levels of farmers in Jenggawah Village, Jenggawah Subdistrict, Jember Regency. We used a cross-sectional study design. The sample of this study was 137 farmers who were taken by purposive sampling. Assessment of coffee consumption habits was conducted using a questionnaire. At the same time, data on random blood glucose levels were obtained from medical records of the Bakti Sosial Akbar dan Pengobatan Gratis Agromedis activities in Jenggawah Village in June 2022. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskall-Wallis test, and multivariate analysis using linear regression. The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in random blood glucose levels between groups based on the variable type of coffee consumed (p=0.212), the level of coffee consumption (p=0.211), and the amount of sugar added to the coffee (p=0.086). However, the linear regression test results showed that the amount of added sugar in coffee had the greatest relationship with blood glucose levels compared to other independent variables (p=0.031). In conclusion, there was no relationship between coffee consumption habits and random blood glucose levels of farmers in Jenggawah Village. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.

BackgroundInconsistent results for coffee consumption and bladder cancer (BC) risk have been shown in epidemiological studies. This research aims to increase the understanding of the association between coffee consumption and BC risk by bringing together worldwide case-control studies on this topic.MethodsData were collected from 13 case-control comprising of 5,911 cases and 16,172 controls. Pooled multivariate odds ratios (ORs), with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were obtained using multilevel logistic regression models. Furthermore, linear dose-response relationships were examined using fractional polynomial models.ResultsNo association of BC risk was observed with coffee consumption among smokers. However, after adjustment for age, gender, and smoking, the risk was significantly increased for never smokers (ever vs. never coffee consumers: ORmodel2 1.30, 95% CI 1.06-1.59; heavy (> 4 cups/day) coffee consumers vs. never coffee consumers: ORmodel2 1.52, 95% CI 1.18-1.97, p trend = 0.23). In addition, dose-response analyses, in both the overall population and among never smokers, also showed a significant increased BC risk for coffee consumption of more than four cups per day. Among smokers, a significant increased BC risk was shown only after consumption of more than six cups per day.ConclusionThis research suggests that positive associations between coffee consumption and BC among never smokers but not smokers.

Population-based studies have suggested a protective effect of coffee against development of chronic kidney disease (CKD), possibly through coffee's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds. Studies on coffee and kidney function decline in the general population are scarce. We studied associations of habitual coffee consumption with repeated assessments of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR). We used data from 7,914 participants of the population-based Rotterdam Study. Baseline coffee consumption data (cups/day) were obtained from home interviews and validated food frequency questionnaires (1997–2008). Repeated assessments of eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2, 1997–2014) were calculated according to the creatinine-based CKD Epidemiology Collaboration equation of 2012. Repeated assessments of urinary albumin and creatinine were used to estimate ACR (mg/g, 2006–2014). Data were analyzed by applying linear mixed models, adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle and dietary factors, and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Predefined subgroup analyses were performed stratified by CKD risk factors. Participants' mean (SD) baseline age was 66 (10) years, 57% were women and median [IQR] coffee consumption was 3.0 [2.0, 5.0] cups/day. Those drinking more coffee were more likely to smoke, and to have type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. Mean eGFR was 79 (15) ml/min per 1.73 m2. In the total study population, coffee was not associated with longitudinal eGFR during a median of 5.4 years of follow-up (β = 0.04 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per one cup/day [95% CI: −0.10,0.18]). However, among those aged >70 years, one additional coffee cup/day was associated with on average 0.84 (0.51,1.18) ml/min per 1.73 m2 higher longitudinal eGFR. Among obese participants this estimate was 0.32 (0.01,0.63). A protective trend was also observed among former smokers (0.17 [−0.03,0.39]) and those with T2D (0.42 [−0.05,0.88]). Coffee was not associated with longitudinal ACR (0.01 mg/ml [−0.01,0.02]). While coffee was not associated with eGFR and ACR in the total population, more coffee consumption was associated with higher longitudinal eGFR among those at higher risk for CKD, i.e., among those aged 70+ and obese participants. These findings require confirmation in other prospective cohort studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite associations of regular coffee consumption with fewer neurodegenerative disorders, its association with microstructural brain alterations is unclear. To address this, we examined the association of coffee consumption with brain MRI parameters representing vascular brain damage, neurodegeneration, and microstructural integrity in 2316 participants in the population-based Hamburg City Health Study. Cortical thickness and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) load were measured on FLAIR and T1-weighted images. Microstructural white matter integrity was quantified as peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD) on diffusion-weighted MRI. Daily coffee consumption was assessed in five groups (<1 cup, 1–2 cups, 3–4 cups, 5–6 cups, >6 cups). In multiple linear regressions, we examined the association between brain MRI parameters and coffee consumption (reference group <1 cup). After adjustment for covariates, 3–4 cups of daily coffee were associated with lower PSMD (p = 0.028) and higher cortical thickness (p = 0.015) compared to <1 cup. Moreover, 1–2 cups per day was also associated with lower PSMD (p = 0.022). Associations with WMH load or other groups of coffee consumption were not significant (p > 0.05). The findings indicate that regular coffee consumption is positively associated with microstructural white matter integrity and cortical thickness. Further research is necessary to determine longitudinal effects of coffee on brain microstructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the coffee consumption among 204 premenopausal and postmenopausal women. 84.31% of subjects steted that they consume coffee daily, 65.12% of them prefer to add sugar to coffee, 21.51% add sugar and milk and only 13.37% drink black coffee. Regarding the amount consumed daily, 47.67% of women stated that they consume 2 cups of coffee per day, 38.37% consume 1 cups per day and only 13.95% consume 3 or more cups daily. 24.74% of women were smokers. 23.84% of subjects have insomnia if they drink coffee în the afternoon or in the evening. 56.86% of women considered that coffee has benefical effects on health and 38.23% stated that they do no know how to answer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Females with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) later in life. Objective This study prospectively examined whether greater habitual coffee consumption was related to a lower risk of T2D among females with a history of GDM. Methods We followed 4522 participants with a history of GDM in the NHS II for incident T2D between 1991 and 2017. Demographic, lifestyle factors including diet, and disease outcomes were updated every 2–4 y. Participants reported consumption of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee on validated FFQs. Fasting blood samples were collected in 2012–2014 from a subset of participants free of diabetes to measure glucose metabolism biomarkers (HbA1c, insulin, C-peptide; n  = 518). We used multivariable Cox regression models to calculate adjusted HRs and 95% CIs for the risk of T2D. We estimated the least squares mean of glucose metabolic biomarkers according to coffee consumption. Results A total of 979 participants developed T2D. Caffeinated coffee consumption was inversely associated with the risk of T2D. Adjusted HR (95% CI) for ≤1 (nonzero), 2–3, and 4+ cups/d compared with 0 cup/d (reference) was 0.91 (0.78, 1.06), 0.83 (0.69, 1.01), and 0.46 (0.28, 0.76), respectively (P -trend = 0.004). Replacement of 1 serving/d of sugar-sweetened beverage and artificially sweetened beverage with 1 cup/d of caffeinated coffee was associated with a 17% (risk ratio [RR] = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.75, 0.93) and 9% (RR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.84, 0.99) lower risk of T2D, respectively. Greater caffeinated coffee consumption was associated with lower fasting insulin and C-peptide concentrations (all P -trend <0.05). Decaffeinated coffee intake was not significantly related to T2D but was inversely associated with C-peptide concentrations (P -trend = 0.003). Conclusions Among predominantly Caucasian females with a history of GDM, greater consumption of caffeinated coffee was associated with a lower risk of T2D and a more favorable metabolic profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease or commonly known as GERD is a condition when the stomach’s contents rise into the esophagus This condition causes symptoms and complications. It was found that 57.6% of the Indonesian population had GERD. Coffee is the most popular beverage in the world. Coffee consumption is suspected of having a close relationship with GERD incidence. This study aims to determine the correlation between coffee consumption and the incidence gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Method: This study used a cross-sectional approach to conduct observational analytics research. This study sample consisted of every person aged 18 – 65 years in Jakarta. Study data were obtained through the Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire (GERD-Q) in Indonesian languange. The Chi-square of independence test was used to determine the correlation between coffee consumption and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Results: From 105 respondents, 26 respondents experience GERD. Eighty-four point six percent of respondents that experience GERD consumed coffee in moderate to high levels of frequency, and 15.3% of respondents that experience GERD consumed coffee in none to fewer levels of frequency. Chi-square test results showed a significant correlation between coffee consumption and GERD in every Jakartan’s people aged 18 – 65 years (p = 0,006). Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between coffee consumption and Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in people aged 18 – 65 years old that live in Jakarta.