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This paper first analyzes the pain points and needs of voluntary college student volunteering in conjunction with college volunteering program management. Combined with the logic of generating a sense of acquisition for college students’ volunteer service, it explores the types of motivation that drive their volunteer demand. Based on deep learning, we propose volunteer integrity neural network prediction, classify volunteer integrity, and select different data sources to compare the running time and effectiveness of four classification algorithms, namely artificial neural network, Bayesian network, decision tree and support vector machine. Volunteer portraits are established with two dimensions: natural attributes and interest attributes. Deep feature extraction is utilized to recommend college volunteer activities. Among the sources of volunteering accessibility, 72.2% of college students consider volunteering information sources to be highly important. It can be seen that college volunteer service can help strengthen the construction of volunteer service information channels.

Previously, we showed that water extract (soymilk, except pH was increased to 8 from 6.5) of whole soybean could be used directly as a raw material for producing edible soy films by deposition of the film‐forming solution (soy extract with enhancers). However, the strength of such soy films needed improvement because they were weak. The purpose of this study was to investigate how transglutaminase (TG) cross‐linking reactions and film enhancers, including pectin (low‐ and high‐methoxyl pectin), whey protein isolate (WPI), and soy protein isolate (SPI), improve the physical properties of soy films. Soy films prepared with TG had tensile strength (TS) of 3.01 MPa and puncture strength (PS) of 0.78 MPa, which were higher by as much as 51% and 30% than that of soy films without TG treatment, respectively. Pectin showed significant effects on the mechanical properties of TG‐added soy films in terms of TS, PS, and % elongation. On the other hand, only TS and PS were increased by the addition of WPI or SPI. Heat curing had a significant effect on soy film's physical properties. TG treatment significantly reduced film solubility when soaked in water and various levels of acid (vinegar) and base (baking soda) solutions. Under the experimental conditions of 35 unit TG and 28 min of reaction, the degrees of cross‐linking were evidenced by the disappearance of individual protein subunits, except the basic subunit of glycinin, and the reduction of 21% of lysine residues of the proteins. Highlights: Edible soy films were made with transglutaminase and about 21% lysine cross‐linked.The mechanical strength of soy films was increased by incorporating film enhancers.Transglutaminase enhanced the mechanical properties of soy films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) and synovium play essential roles in maintaining knee joint homeostasis and in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). The cellular and transcriptional mechanisms regulating the function of these specialized tissues under healthy and diseased conditions are largely unknown. Here, single-cell and single-nuclei RNA sequencing of human IPFP and synovial tissues were performed to elucidate the cellular composition and transcriptional profile. Computational trajectory analysis revealed that dipeptidyl peptidase 4+ mesenchymal cells function as a common progenitor for IPFP adipocytes and synovial lining layer fibroblasts, suggesting that IPFP and synovium represent an integrated tissue unit. OA induced a profibrotic and inflammatory phenotype in mesenchymal lineage cells with biglycan+ intermediate fibroblasts as a major contributor to OA fibrosis. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) signaling from intermediate fibroblasts and macrophages was identified as a critical regulatory factor. Ex vivo incubation of human cartilage with soluble APOE accelerated proteoglycan degeneration. Inhibition of APOE signaling by intra-articular injection of an anti-APOE neutralizing antibody attenuated the progression of collagenase-induced OA in mice, demonstrating a detrimental effect of APOE on cartilage. Our studies provide a framework for designing further therapeutic strategies for OA by describing the cellular and transcriptional landscape of human IPFP and synovium in healthy versus OA joints. Editor's summary: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease of the entire joint; however, the combined role of the infrapatellar fat pad and synovium is largely unknown. Tang et al. established a single-cell transcriptomic profile of the human fat pad and synovium in knee joints and described changes in mesenchymal and immune populations between healthy and OA conditions. In silico reconstruction of cell-cell communication in the joint implicated apolipoprotein E (APOE) from intermediate fibroblasts and inflammatory macrophages in the infrapatellar fat pad as a potential driver of disease progression. Antibody-mediated blockade of APOE in a murine model of collagenase-induced arthritis further supported a role for APOE in OA pathology and warrants further study. —Molly Ogle [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) is closely associated with the development and progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA), but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, it is find that IPFP from OA patients can secret small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and deliver them into articular chondrocytes. Inhibition the release of endogenous osteoarthritic IPFP‐sEVs by GW4869 significantly alleviated IPFP‐sEVs‐induced cartilage destruction. Functional assays in vitro demonstrated that IPFP‐sEVs significantly promoted chondrocyte extracellular matrix (ECM) catabolism and induced cellular senescence. It is further demonstrated that IPFP‐sEVs induced ECM degradation in human and mice cartilage explants and aggravated the progression of experimental OA in mice. Mechanistically, highly enriched let‐7b‐5p and let‐7c‐5p in IPFP‐sEVs are essential to mediate detrimental effects by directly decreasing senescence negative regulator, lamin B receptor (LBR). Notably, intra‐articular injection of antagomirs inhibiting let‐7b‐5p and let‐7c‐5p in mice increased LBR expression, suppressed chondrocyte senescence and ameliorated the progression of experimental OA model. This study uncovers the function and mechanism of the IPFP‐sEVs in the progression of OA. Targeting IPFP‐sEVs cargoes of let‐7b‐5p and let‐7c‐5p can provide a potential strategy for OA therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enterococcus faecalis is both a common commensal of the human gastrointestinal tract and a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections (1). Systemic infections with multidrug-resistant enterococci occur subsequent to gastrointestinal colonization (2). Preventing colonization by multidrug-resistant E. faecalis could therefore be a valuable approach towards limiting infection. However, little is known about the mechanisms E.faecalis uses to colonize and compete for stable gastrointestinal niches. Pheromone-responsive conjugative plasmids encoding bacteriocins are common among enterococcal strains (3) and could modulate niche competition among enterococci or between enterococci and the intestinal microbiota. We developed a model of colonization of the mouse gut with E. faecalis, without disrupting the microbiota, to evaluate the role of the conjugative plasmid pPD 1 expressing bacteriocin 21 (ref. 4) in enterococcal colonization. Here we show that E. faecalis harbouring pPD1 replaces indigenous enterococci and outcompetes E. faecalis lacking pPD1. Furthermore, in the intestine, pPD1 is transferred to other E. faecalis strains by conjugation, enhancing their survival. Colonization with an E. faecalis strain carrying a conjugation-defective pPD1 mutant subsequently resulted in clearance of vancomycin-resistant enterococci, without plasmid transfer. Therefore, bacteriocin expression by commensal bacteria can influence niche competition in the gastrointestinal tract, and bacteriocins, delivered by commensals that occupy a precise intestinal bacterial niche, may be an effective therapeutic approach to specifically eliminate intestinal colonization by multidrug-resistant bacteria, without profound disruption of the indigenous microbiota., The mammalian host is colonized by 10-100 trillion microbes that live in a predominantly symbiotic relationship with their host (5,6). Invasion by some of these symbionts can cause serious disease [...]

Nearly half of U.S. adults have health literacy (HL) difficulties, and lack the ability to effectively obtain, process, and understand health information. Poor HL is associated with depression, yet mechanisms of this relation are unclear. This study examined whether social support mediated the relation between HL and depressive symptoms in 200 low-socioeconomic status (SES), racially/ethnically diverse smokers enrolled in cessation treatment. Mediation analyses were conducted using bootstrapping and controlling for SES and nicotine dependence. In simple mediation models, social support [Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL) total, subscales (Appraisal, Belonging, Tangible)] mediated the effect of HL on depression, such that lower HL was associated with lower perceived support, which predicted higher depressive symptoms (ps < .05). A multiple mediation model, with ISEL subscales entered simultaneously as mediators, was significant (p < .05) but only the Belonging subscale demonstrating independent significance (p < .05). Thus, social support may be a critical factor underlying the HL-depression relationship in low-SES, racially/ethnically diverse smokers. Keywords Health literacy * Depression * Social support * Health disparities * Cigarette smokers, Introduction Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of U.S. morbidity and mortality (American Cancer Society, 2011; Mokdad et al., 2004). While smoking prevalence has decreased in recent years, it [...]