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This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of culture fluid and mycelial mass of selected Hericium strains from the IBK Mushroom Culture Collection (Kyiv, Ukraine) against bacteria and fungi, as well as to evaluate the potential of these mushrooms for biomass and extracellular polysaccharides production.

Nowadays, different types of antibiotics are being widely used in livestock for therapeutic purposes to treat infections. Significant quantities of them are excreted and remain in produced food items, including milk. This indicates improper use of antibiotics which may have serious consequences for human health. This comprehensive review was conducted with the aim to summarize existing knowledge about evaluation of antibiotic residues in milk of different livestock animals. This review involves 35 articles retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect and Web of Science databases published from 2010 to 2023 and compares on the group of antibiotics identified, type of milk selected and various methods that were applied to undertake the research. Results showed that cow milk is the most intensively examined milk type (88.6%), whereas others, namely goat, camel, buffalo and sheep are less investigated on antibiotic residues. Among the techniques, chromatographic is revealed to be the most common due to its significant advantages over other methods. In addition, it was concluded that tetracyclines with the share of 85.6% are the group of antibiotics that is the most frequently studied in research articles.

Milk is a staple food consumed all over the world which has significant impact both economically and nutritionally. Even if the milk is nutritious and healthful, it can also contain antiparasitic drugs residues that dangerous to human health. Inappropriate using antiparasitic drugs for producing animals may cause serious disorder in humans. This review was aimed to find out and analyze how much the dosage of injections and the excretion period of antiparasitic drugs from animal milks have been studied for safe human consumption. Totally, 15 papers about antiparasitic drugs usage for different animals were analyzed. The results showed that the most studied animal to date is the cow for ivermectin, albendazole and abamectin residues. More research works are required to be done for animals as goats, sheep, and especially camels to know after how many periods of time antiparasitic drugs will be excreted. As camel milk gains popularity due to it is possessing therapeutic and immunostimulant properties, more experimental results are needed into veterinary drugs safety measures. One of the mainly used method to conduct experiment is high-performance liquid chromatography because of superior resolving power when separate mixtures.

The study aimed to develop and evaluate an antibody quality improvement method to improve the accuracy and efficiency of chlamydia diagnosis in horses. The study was conducted in Kazakhstan and included 100 horses of the Kazakh breed infected with chlamydia, which was divided into two groups: experimental and control. In the experimental group, affinity chromatography was used to purify immunoglobulin G (IgG), which allowed for a 95% purity of the antibodies. The control group used a traditional diagnostic method without preliminary purification, which ensured IgG purity of only 60-65%. The data showed that the purified antibodies demonstrated improved diagnostic performance, including an increase in sensitivity of up to 92% and specificity of up to 95%. The purified antibodies provided effective binding to chlamydial antigens even at low concentrations (0.2cμg/ml), which is 2.5 times better than in the control group. The time to obtain a stable diagnostic signal was reduced by 33% and amounted to 20 minutes in the experimental group versus 30 minutes in the control group. The frequency of false-positive results in the experimental group was reduced to 5% and false-negative results to 4%, which significantly increases the overall reliability of diagnostics. The purified antibodies retained their activity for 12 months, demonstrating high stability and durability. These results highlighted the importance of using chromatographic purification to improve the quality of antibodies used for diagnostic purposes and offer a reliable approach for the accurate detection of chlamydia as well as other infectious diseases in animals. The introduction of such methods can significantly improve the efficiency of veterinary diagnostics and contribute to more timely and adequate treatment of animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: In the limited field of research on Kazakhstan's poultry, this study explores a new area by investigating the lack of studies on the impact of probiotics from camel milk and mare's milk. This study provides valuable knowledge about an important aspect of poultry production in the region. Aims: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of probiotics isolated from traditional fermented dairy products, fermented camel milk (shubat) and fermented mare's milk (koumiss) on the growth performance and meat quality of broiler chickens. Methods: In total, 240 1-day-old Ross 308 chicks were randomly separated into four treatment groups of three replicates (20 birds per replicate). Three experimental groups were fed by basal diet plus drinking water containing 0.25 mL, 0.5 mL, and 1.0 mL of probiotics per bird (Pro1, Pro2, and Pro3 respectively). The control group was fed by basal diet plus drinking water. The carcass characteristics included the weights of the body and carcass rate. Organoleptic analysis, proximate composition, pH, drip loss, cook loss and were used to determine meat-quality properties. Key results: According to the study results isolated probiotics Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei SH1, Enterococcus faecalis SH6, and Kazachstania unispora Y 2.2 had a significant effect on body and carcass weight (P < 0.05). Average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were also improved in probiotics groups (P < 0.05). Additionally, Pro 2 group had increased meat protein contents (P < 0.05). No significant differences in organoleptic quality between the control and experimental groups fed with the probiotics were determined. Conclusions: Traditional fermented dairy products could become a source of new effective probiotics useful to improve broiler production. Implications: The readily available shubat and koumiss in Kazakhstan present a promising opportunity for establishing localised probiotic production for poultry, indicating a viable path for promoting sustainable and tailored approaches to poultry farming in the region. This study examined the effectiveness of probiotics derived from fermented camel and mare's milk products (shubat and koumiss) in Kazakhstan for improving broiler chicken production. Several probiotic strains had a significant effect on body and carcass weights, and average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were also improved. Considerable presence of these traditional fermented dairy products in Kazakhstan offers a promising opportunity for the creation of locally derived probiotics specifically designed for poultry use. This potentially enables the adoption of more environmentally friendly and specialised broiler-farming practices in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To the Editor: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) acquired from animals causes severe pneumonia in humans, with some chains of human-to-human transmission, leading to large outbreaks. MERS-CoV is a [...]

Cells catalysis is efficient methodology that has been extensively applied in various biological processes. However, industrial strains are vulnerable to environmental change, leading to poor stability and productivity. In this regards, large potentialities are embedded in immobilized cells. In particular, the immobilization techniques are of great significance in improving the catalytic performance of natural biocatalysts. Effective method of enzyme production by immobilization of microbial cells on solid career in submerged conditions has been developed. It was determined that design of proposed equipment gives the opportunity to increase enzymatic activity of immobilized cells compared to free cells by several times. A cultivation of Aspergillus oryzae M has been carried out for 49 days by immobilization of fungal cells in submerged conditions of growth. Enzymatic activity was enhanced significantly after 6 days of cultivation of immobilized cells and keeps the same value for 49 days of fungal cultivation. The alpha-amylase activity has been increased to 696 U/ml. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]