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为获得高纯度的澳洲坚果蛋白粉，以低纯度澳洲坚果蛋白粉为原料,采用单因素试验和正交试验确定糖化酶纯化澳洲坚果蛋白粉的最佳工艺条件，在最佳工艺条件下进行中试生产实践（澳州坚果仁—压榨制油—粉碎—脱脂饼粉—加水磨浆—碱溶酸沉—酶解纯化—喷雾干燥—纯化蛋白粉），对纯化后蛋白粉的溶解度、乳化性、持水性和吸油性进行测定，并比较了纯化前后蛋白粉的氨基酸组成及含量。结果表明：澳洲坚果蛋白粉最佳纯化工艺条件为加酶量100 U/g、酶解温度55 ℃、酶解时间90 min、料液比1∶ 8，在此条件下进行中试生产实践，制备的蛋白粉蛋白质含量为76.87%，蛋白得率为32.56%，蛋白质提取率为94.81%；纯化蛋白粉在pH 5.0时溶解度最小、乳化性最低，持水性和吸油性在60 ℃时达到最大；纯化后蛋白粉的氨基酸组成丰富，富含7种必需氨基酸，氨基酸总量为6517 g/100 g，高于纯化前的。综上，澳洲坚果纯化蛋白粉具有良好的品质和功能特性。In order to obtain macadamia nut protein powder with high purity, single factor and orthogonal experiments were used to determine the optimal conditions for purification of macadamia nut protein powder by glucoamylase with low purity macadamia nut protein powder as material. Pilot production(macadamia nut kernel—pressing—crushing—defatted macadamia nut cake powder—adding water and grinding—alkaline solution and acid precipitation—enzymatic hydrolysis purification—spray drying—purified protein powder) was practiced under the optimal process conditions. The solubility, emulsification, water-holding and oil-absorption capacities of the purified protein powder were determined, and the amino acid composition and content of the protein powder before and after purification were compared. The results showed that the optimal purification conditions for macadamia nut protein were as follows: enzyme dosage 100 U/g, enzyme hydrolysis temperature 55 ℃, enzyme hydrolysis time 90 min, and material-liquid ratio 1∶ 8. Under the optimal conditions, the pilot production showed that the protein content of the purified protein powder was 76.87%, the protein yield was 32.56%, and the protein extraction rate was 94.81%. The solubility of the purified protein powder was the smallest at pH 5.0, and the emulsification was the lowest, the water-holding and oil-absorption capacities reached the maximum value at 60 ℃. The amino acid composition of the purified protein powder was rich in 7 essential amino acids, and the total amino acid amount was 65.17 g/100 g, which was higher than that of the pre-purification. In conclusion, the purified protein powder of macadamia nut has good quality and functional properties.

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Fishing data are the basement of fisheries science research, but currently the source of fishing data is extraordinarily scarce, and data quality is poor in some aspects. Satellite low light sensors can detect the light-fishing vessels at night, however, its application in pelagic fishery has been limited by the lack of an algorithm for extracting the location and brightness of operating pelagic light-fishing vessels. An examination of operating pelagic light-fishing vessels features in the day/night band (DNB) image, which was from the visible infrared imaging radiometer suite (VIIRS) on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite, indicated that the features were a list of nonadjacent bright spots. In order to identify the operating pelagic light-fishing vessels from VIIRS/DNB accurately, we designed a set of identification algorithm for operating pelagic light-fishing vessels according to the light radiation characteristics of its fishing gathering lamps in NPP/VIIRS low light image. Before applying the identification algorithm, a data pre-processing step was adopted through radiation stretch and noise reduction by adaptive Wiener filter to prepare the data for further analysis and use. A spike median index (SMI) was used to enlarge the radiation difference between operating pelagic light-fishing vessel pixels and background pixels. On the basis of this, an adaptive threshold segmentation method called the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) method was used to extract the bright spot pixels, and generated a list of candidate operating pelagic light-fishing vessels detections. The candidate pixels were then filtered to remove the false identification bright spot pixels distributed near the operating pelagic light-fishing vessel pixels, and illuminated by the high-power fishing gathering lamps by a local spike detection (LSD) algorithm. A validation study was conducted at a night with weak lunar illuminance on May 24, 2015 which was selected randomly, using the vessel monitoring system (VMS) data of Chinese operating light-seiners vessels on the high seas of Northwest Pacific Ocean light seine fishing ground and the result of VIIRS/DNB image visual interpretation. The validation result showed that the identification algorithm detected 27 operating pelagic light-fishing vessels on the high seas of Northwest Pacific Ocean light seine fishing ground, and the number of operating pelagic light-fishing boats and their distribution were entirely consistent with the result of VIIRS/DNB image visual interpretation; the VMS data had the record of 25 operating pelagic light-fishing vessels among the total 27 vessels, and their distribution was nearly the same with the result of identification algorithm and VIIRS/DNB image visual interpretation. The identification algorithm worked well when lunar illuminance was weak and its identification accuracy was above 92%. The identification algorithm not only avoided the subjectivity and uncertainty of certain threshold segmentation, but also removed the false identification bright spot pixels near the operating pelagic light-fishing vessel pixels, which were illuminated by the high-power fishing gathering lamps. Detection of operating pelagic light-fishing vessels based on VIIRS/DNB imaging data can provide up-to-date activity and change information of operating pelagic light-fishing vessels for pelagic light-fishing industry, which meets the need of fishing boat's daily monitoring, and has a wide application prospect in fishing effort estimation, research of central fishing ground spatial-temporal distribution and change, and fishery forecast and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Medical Sciences) is the property of Xian Jiaotong University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Medical Sciences) is the property of Xian Jiaotong University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To explore the teaching effects of thoracoscope surgery training mode and the traditional teaching method in clinical teaching. Methods Sixty-eight undergraduates in grade 2009 majored in oncology during internship in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Yunnan Province Tumor Hospital, were randomly divided into control group and experimental group, with 34 patients in each group. Students in the experimental group were given thoracoscope surgery teaching personnel training mode, and students in the control group were given traditional teaching methods. The teaching effect was compared in the questionnaires reatults, the the clinical theory knowledge, practice ability of clinical surgery, classroom performance between two groups. Results Questionnaire and the results of comprehensive evaluation results in the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions Thoracoscope surgery personnel training mode is a normative and effective teaching mode designed for students in different levels according to their aptitude, and can, step by step, fully stimulate students’ interest in learning and improve the beginning ability, make the classroom atmosphere good, improve the students’ satisfaction, and promote students to master the theoretical knowledge, so as to cultivate the students' comprehensive analysis ability and clinical thinking ability，improve the teaching effect. This training mode deserves further exploration and improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]