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Arctica islandica supports an important fishery in the US Mid-Atlantic. This species is extremely slow growing and long-lived, characteristics that may make this species particularly vulnerable to fishing pressure and climate change. Understanding regional growth dynamics over time and growth responses to changing environments will improve current fishery assessments to maintain the sustainability of this stock. Two populations of A. islandica from Georges Bank and off Long Island on the US continental shelf with observed ages between 17 and 310 y were evaluated for age-at-length relationships and growth trends over time. Growth rates have been increasing at Georges Bank and Long Island since the 1700s. Growth rates at Long Island have been accelerating and have exceeded those at Georges Bank since the 1980s. Growth rates from this study support previous research that this species is sexually dimorphic, and females grow faster than males within a population post-maturation. Positive growth index periods at both sites may be synchronous with 32-y harmonics of the Atlantic Multi-Decadal Oscillation. A modification to the traditional Tanaka growth model that included a growth term to further increase growth at old age proved the best-fit growth model to not only each population, but also to birth-year cohorts. Both the classic and modified Tanaka models used in this study are vast improvements over the von Bertalanffy models currently applied to this species in assessment models and population dynamics models. Increasing growth rates over time resulted in fewer years of reproduction prior to recruiting to the fishery as A. islandica are reaching fishery size in an increasingly short period of time. The impact that reduced years of reproduction has on A. islandica population resiliency is yet unknown. • A. islandica growth rates have been increasing over the past three centuries (USA). • Growth rates at Long Island have exceeded those at Georges Bank since the 1980s. • Growth is synchronous with 32-y harmonics of the Atlantic Multi-Decadal Oscillation. • A modification of the Tanaka growth model is the best-fit growth model. • Growth rates support evidence of sexual dimorphism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina) are becoming increasingly threatened by the rate of urbanization and habitat fragmentation. The high population density and heavy urbanization of Long Island, New York, provide an ideal system to examine possible drivers of differences in eastern box turtle shell damage and health in an urban landscape, as well as possible differences in sex and stage ratios. Over the course of our 2-yr study, we captured a total of 189 unique individual eastern box turtles across 20 sites on Long Island. Shell damage was evaluated according to a 5-level ranking system based on the amount and type of damage an individual turtle exhibited. To study eastern box turtle health, we calculated a body condition index using each turtle's body weight and straight-line carapace width. All damage and health data were compared by site, sex, and life stage using generalized linear models. These relationships were also analyzed against a set of land cover and land use variables. Across all comparative analyses performed, only the US Geological Survey land cover variable Dryland Cropland and Pasture showed a significant relationship to shell damage. Additionally, Long Island's eastern box turtles appear to exhibit greater rates of shell damage when compared with turtles in more rural parts of their range. We found male-biased sex ratios across the island; however, no definitive driver was identified. Our study underscores the need for future work on the long-term viability of eastern box turtle populations, specifically those inhabiting areas of high human population density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growth rates from 1480 Arctica islandica from New Jersey, collected in 2019 from north and south of the Hudson Canyon, were analyzed and compared to animals obtained from Long Island and Georges Bank. New Jersey represents the southern portion of the A. islandica stock in the Mid-Atlantic Bight, and animals here may experience warmer temperatures compared to their northern counterparts. Arctica islandica from New Jersey have slower maximum growth rates compared to northern A. islandica , particularly from Georges Bank; however, A. islandica from south of the Hudson Canyon have higher growth rates at older ages compared to the other three sites. Growth rates have been increasing over the past three centuries, potentially due to increasing bottom water temperatures, with time to maturity and time to commercial size drastically decreasing, leading to fewer years for reproduction prior to recruiting into the fishery. Three growth models, von Bertalanffy, Tanaka, and modified Tanaka were examined for goodness of fit to growth data. The von Bertalanffy, commonly used in fisheries management, had the worst fit for all populations, males and females, and at all 20-year cohort groups, and should not be used in the management of this species. The Tanaka and modified Tanaka models are recommended in its place, as these models best fit A. islandica growth at young (Tanaka) and older (>160 years, modified Tanaka) ages. • Arctica islandica are thought to grow faster at the southern portion of their range. • Growth rates of A. islandica from four sites were compared and analyzed. • Growth rates at all four sites have increased over the past three centuries. • Three growth models were applied to determine best fit for management purposes. • The most commonly used growth model in management, von Bertalanffy, fit the worst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Winter Flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus, a coastal flatfish species of historically economic and cultural importance, have declined throughout the past few decades within the southern New England and mid-Atlantic region of the United States, reaching a low point of less than 9% of their historic biomass in 2009. Unusually high postsettlement mortality is thought to impose a critical recruitment bottleneck on the population, potentially stalling recovery of Winter Flounder populations despite management measures. Survival and growth during early life history play a key role in the recruitment dynamics of marine fishes. Spatiotemporal differences in these vital rates from young-ofthe- year (i.e., age-0) Winter Flounder have been variously linked to environmental gradients, anthropogenic stressors, differences in the timing of settlement, and location. To better understand local declines in recruitment productivity, we assessed vital rates of age-0 Winter Flounder in five different bays in Long Island, New York. A weekly or biweekly beam-trawl survey targeting age-0 Winter Flounder was implemented over five summers. We compared survey-based estimates of age-0 mortality and growth, finding significant differences between locations in growth but not mortality. A consistently high abundance of age-0 Winter Flounder in Shinnecock Bay and Mattituck Creek was prolonged by a secondary settlement pulse later in the season. Hypothesizing that multiple settlement pulses are a bet-hedging strategy against temporally varying environmental conditions, we compared mortality, growth, and occupied habitat conditions between settlement pulses (cohorts), finding differences in growth and habitat occupancy that varied across years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the response of coastal barriers to future changes in rates of sea level rise, sediment availability, and storm intensity/frequency is essential for coastal planning, including socioeconomic and ecological management. Identifying drivers of past changes in barrier morphology, as well as barrier sensitivity to these forces, is necessary to accomplish this. Using remote sensing, field, and laboratory analyses, we reconstruct the mesoscale (decades–centuries) evolution of central Fire Island, a portion of a 50 km barrier island fronting Long Island, New York, USA. We find that the configuration of the modern beach and foredune at Fire Island is radically different from the system's relict morphostratigraphy. Central Fire Island is comprised of at least three formerly inlet-divided rotational barriers with distinct subaerial beach and dune–ridge systems that were active prior to the mid-19th century. Varying morphologic states reflected in the relict barriers (e.g., progradational and transgressive) contrast with the modern barrier, which is dominated by a tall and nearly continuous foredune and is relatively static, except for erosion and drowning of its fringing marsh. We suggest that this state shift indicates a transition from a regime dominated by inlet-mediated gradients in alongshore sediment availability to one where human impacts exerted greater influence on island evolution from the late 19th century onward. The retention of some geomorphic capital in Fire Island's relict subaerial features combined with its static nature renders the barrier increasingly susceptible to narrowing and passive submergence. This may lead to an abrupt geomorphic state shift in the future, a veiled vulnerability that may also exist in other stabilized barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ocean quahog, Arctica islandica, is a commercially important species on the northwestern Atlantic continental shelf. This species can live over 200 years with ages varying widely per 5-mm size class (shell length), making study of age-related demographics difficult. To determine how the demography of this species differs across its range, including age frequencies, age-at-length relationships, and sex ratios, ocean quahogs from multiple sites distributed from the Mid-Atlantic Bight to Georges Bank were studied. The age and length frequencies from two populations collected in 2019 from New Jersey, north and south of Hudson Canyon (39.840556 N, 72.821667 W and 39.33 N, 73.545 W, respectively), were analyzed and compared to two other populations from Long Island (40.09658 N, 73.01057 W) and Georges Bank (40.72767 N, 67.79850 W), previously collected in 2015 and 2017. Sex-specific differences were also analyzed to determine how said differences influenced a range of demographic metrics. Though some similarities in recruitment trends exist, likely caused by large-geographic-scale environmental conditions, each site contains a distinct population with distinct demographics. Recruitment is consistent over hundreds of years, but year-to-year and decadal-length variations are apparent. One age–length key may potentially be used to represent Long Island and northern New Jersey, but the remaining sites are significantly dissimilar. Sex ratios also vary, potentially caused by differential survival of one sex during certain times in the past. Mortality rates for Georges Bank are distinctly higher compared to the other populations. Based on these results, the use of separate age–length keys would seem necessary for each population and each sex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The boreal bivalve Arctica islandica is an important fishery in the United States (US), yet very little is known about the resiliency of this species to fishing activity due to limited understanding of localized population demographics. Demographics including age frequency, recruitment patterns, mortality rates, and sexual dimorphism were evaluated for a population sampled off Long Island (LI, 40.09658°N 73.01057°W) and compared with samples from Georges Bank (GB, 40.72767°N, 67.79850°W) collected in 2015 and 2017, where GB was described in a previous study. This study supports evidence that this species is sexually dimorphic. Earlier assumptions of prolonged lapses in recruitment were not substantiated for either the GB or LI populations; yearly cohorts were observed for the past century, and both populations presented recruitment pulses in approximately 8-y periods. Estimated ages from this study are older than previously reported for the US Mid-Atlantic with the oldest animal represented by a 310-year-old male collected from LI. Simulated total mortality was higher at GB than LI, and higher for GB females than GB males, with simulated mean longevity estimates greater at LI than GB. The population sex ratio at GB was 1:1.1 (female:male), whereas the LI ratio was 1:1.4 and relatively deficient in large females. Recruitment into the populations occurs routinely with substantial hiatuses being rare and substantive year classes occurring at least decadally with lesser, but contributing, recruitment in most years in between. Routine recruitment may insulate this species from risks posed by overfishing to an extent not typical for other long-lived species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pesticide resistance provides one of the best examples of rapid evolution to environmental change. The Colorado potato beetle (CPB) has a long and noteworthy history as a super‐pest due to its ability to repeatedly develop resistance to novel insecticides and rapidly expand its geographic and host plant range. Here, we investigate regional differences in demography, recombination, and selection using whole‐genome resequencing data from two highly resistant CPB populations in the United States (Hancock, Wisconsin and Long Island, New York). Demographic reconstruction corroborates historical records for a single pest origin during the colonization of the Midwestern and Eastern United States in the mid‐ to late‐19th century and suggests that the effective population size might be higher in Long Island, NY than Hancock, WI despite contemporary potato acreage of Wisconsin being far greater. Population‐based recombination maps show similar background recombination rates between these populations, as well as overlapping regions of low recombination that intersect with important metabolic detoxification genes. In both populations, we find compelling evidence for hard selective sweeps linked to insecticide resistance with multiple sweeps involving genes associated with xenobiotic metabolism, stress response, and defensive chemistry. Notably, only two candidate insecticide resistance genes are shared among both populations, but both appear to be independent hard selective sweep events. This suggests that repeated, rapid, and independent evolution of genes may underlie CPB's pest status among geographically distinct populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results from a four-year study of a freshwater pond on Long Island, NY, USA, do not point to a single source of boron (and by proxy other elements including nutrients) in this system. However, boron data from samples associated with this pond can be explained by mixing between average precipitation (weighted average δ11B = 22.7) in the area and the local sources of boron, both natural and anthropogenic. This multiyear study provided the opportunity to see both yearly and seasonal differences. One algae sample from the pond showed significant fractionation and enrichment in light boron relative to the water and suggests algae may act as a boron sink. This type of biological fractionation could explain an observed down-gradient trend to heavier boron isotope values in pond water, which corresponds to the slight reduction in boron concentration seen in 2021. However, the trend was subdued in the following year, likely due to differences in the water flow rates and/or rate of algal growth. An opposite trend was seen with depth in the water, where δ11B showed a positive correlation to boron concentration, which increased with depth from the surface of the pond. This gradient may be explained by the stratification of the pond with a heavy source concentrating in the bottom waters. The bottom water composition was consistent with goose feces (δ11B = 25.8) or the addition of chemicals from the application of rock salt to local roads in winter. Surprisingly, boron from seawater (average δ11B = 39.8) did not appear to have a direct impact on Setauket Pond, other than its influence on precipitation, providing heavy δ11B and very low boron concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Studies directly comparing preterm birth rates in women with and without severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection are limited. Our objective was to determine whether preterm birth was affected by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection within a large integrated health system in New York with a universal testing protocol. Material and methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated data from seven hospitals in New York City and Long Island between March 2020 and June 2021, incorporating both the first and second waves of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic in the USA. All patients with live singleton gestations who had SARS‐CoV‐2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing at delivery were included. Deliveries before 20 weeks of gestation were excluded. The rate of preterm birth (before 37 weeks) was compared between patients with positive and negative SARS‐CoV‐2 test results. This analysis was performed separately for resolved prenatal infections and infections at delivery, with the latter group subdivided by symptom status. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and preterm birth, adjusting for maternal age, race‐ethnicity, parity, history of preterm birth, body mass index, marital status, insurance type, medical co‐morbidities, month of delivery, and wave of pandemic. Results: A total of 31 550 patients were included and 2473 (7.8%) had laboratory‐confirmed infection. Patients with symptomatic COVID‐19 at delivery were more likely to deliver preterm (19.0%; adjusted odds ratio 2.76, 95% CI 1.92–3.88) compared with women with asymptomatic infection (8.8%) or without infection (7.1%). Among preterm births associated with symptomatic infection, 72.5% were medically indicated compared with 44.1% among women without infection (p < 0.001). Risk of preterm birth in patients with resolved prenatal infection was unchanged when compared with women without infection. Among women with infection at delivery, preterm birth occurred more frequently during the second wave compared with the first wave (13.6% vs. 8.7%, respectively; p < 0.006). However, this was not significant on multiple regression analysis after adjusting for other explanatory variables. Conclusions: Pregnant women with symptomatic COVID‐19 are more than twice as likely to have a preterm delivery than patients without infection. Asymptomatic infection and resolved prenatal infection are not associated with increased risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seasonal variations in solar insolation and wind create an annual water temperature cycle that impacts circulation and biological processes. The waters of Long Island Sound (LIS) warm from March‐February until August‐October and then begin to cool. Ship surveys show that the vertical temperature structure becomes almost uniform during this season when the area experiences low air temperatures and high winds. However, no observations have resolved the temporal evolution of the vertical structure of temperature during these cooling periods because conditions inhibit ship operations. We report glider measurements of the vertical structure of water temperatures and salinities from 22 October to 4 November 2014, in eastern LIS. We find that 20 m of water can cool at approximately 0.5oC/day ${0.5}^{\mathrm{o}}\,\mathrm{C}/\mathrm{d}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{y}$ during intervals of cold air and strong winds. We use the data to estimate heat content tendencies and infer surface fluxes. We also estimate the surface heat fluxes using buoy‐mounted instruments and show they are consistent. The net heat flux to the atmosphere exceeds 600 W/m2 during the gilder deployment and approximately 66% of this is due to latent heat transfer. Using the buoy fluxes and products of an operation regional model, we show that the agreement with the fluxes derived from heat budget is improved by using local wind observations. In addition to confirming the extremely large cooling rates, our results demonstrate that gliders can be used in a complex region with strong tidal currents to resolve the temperature structure and heat budget during the severe weather of the cooling season. Plain Language Summary: Long Island Sound is a large estuary surrounded by Connecticut and Long Island, NY. Seasonal variation in solar light and wind intensity results in water temperature differences in the sound. Surface water in LIS cools and sinks during fall. Mixing due to thermal convection and wind creates an almost uniform vertical temperature structure in the Sound. Due to the harsh weather during cooling events, ship operations are dangerous, so we used an automated underwater glider to observe this cooling process. After careful data sorting, the recorded temperatures were utilized to estimate the amount of heat loss from the Sound. These estimates were shown to be consistent with those calculated obtained using instruments on moored buoys. We also show that wind speed varies along the Sound, and has a subtle but significant role in the rate of surface cooling. Key Points: Rapid fall cooling in Long Island Sound (LIS) leads to vertical mixing and is caused by extremely large negative latent and sensible heat fluxesWind speed has significant role in cooling and its spatial variations lead to slight differences in sensible and latent heat fluxesThe heat fluxes from the Northeast Coastal Ocean Forecast System are consistent with the change in the heat content of eastern LIS [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. In the United States, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading contributor to liver-related illnesses and fatalities. Despite effective antiviral medications, acute infections have increased in recent years, likely due to IV drug use and the opioid epidemic. Previous guidelines recommended one-time screening for individuals born between 1945 and 1965. The CDC now recommends screening all adults over 18 unless there is a low prevalence in the area. Accurate measurement of HCV prevalence is essential for targeted prevention. In New York, over 100,000 individuals have HCV. We present data on HCV screening at a safety net hospital in Long Island, NY. Objective. To identify screening rates for hepatitis C and the exposure prevalence and specific demographics of a community in Long Island, NY. Methods. We performed a review of all patients seen in our hospital from 2012 to 2019. We identified patients born in the years 1945 to 1965 using our electronic medical record (EMR) system and subsequently analyzed those who were anti-HCV positive. We reviewed their demographics, including age, gender, and ethnicity, as well as their history of intravenous drug use and HIV coinfection status. Basic statistical analysis was used. Results. Our study identified 21,722 patients born between 1945 and 1965 and found that only 8.5% or 1,858 individuals were screened for hepatitis C. Among them, we found that 5.9% (109) tested positive for HCV antibody, with 3.0% (56) having an active infection. Demographic characteristics of those with HCV antibodies included 70.6% male, 53.2% Caucasian, 33.9% Black, and 15.6% persons who inject drugs (PWID). Conclusion. Our study findings suggest that a significant portion of patients in our community had missed opportunities for screening in our hospital. Our community had an estimated 5.9% prevalence, higher than the national and state averages. Caucasian men had higher prevalences. This study suggests the need for broader screening initiatives and more focused resource allocation, perhaps to safety net institutions, to decrease the burden of HCV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An intense snowband developed across Long Island, New York, to the north and west of the surface cyclone center on 8-9 February 2013. The snowband evolved through three distinct phases during its 12-h lifetime. During phase 1 the band developed in an area of low-to-midlevel frontogenesis and pivoted over central Long Island and southern Connecticut, where it remained for approximately 10 h. The environment surrounding the snowband cooled to <0°C; however, the band was collocated with a 900-700-hPa layer that remained above 0°C for ~5 h. During phase 2 the band exhibited heavy snowfall rates exceeding 7.5-10 cm h−1 with large and aggregated snow, wet-growth hail-like particles, and a radar reflectivity of ~55 dB Z. About 1 h later during phase 3, the snowband reflectivity decreased to near 30 dB Z and was characterized by less dense snow in a colder environment while still maintaining heavy snowfall rates (6.5-6.7 cm h−1). The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model was used to analyze the band and temperature evolution. Model trajectories terminating within the warmer snowband environment underwent rapid ascent on the east side of the band during which condensation and deposition enhanced the warming before undergoing rapid descent within the band. Analysis of the thermodynamic equation within the band environment revealed that this subsidence warming and upstream condensational heating for trajectories entering the band partially offset the diabatic cooling term, which supported a warmer layer and mixed precipitation during phase 2. Finally, model sensitivity tests showed that melting helped cool low levels and change the microphysical character to all snow during phase 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of translocations for conservation management has increased in frequency over recent decades. Though many early translocations were carried out as one-off management exercises, the need to test release strategies and gain knowledge in order to improve future reintroductions has been recognised. This study examined both the movements and survival of 101 Leiopelma hamiltoni (Anura: Leiopelmatidae) translocated to Long Island, New Zealand, and the response of the source population on Te Pākeka/Maud Island to the removal of a discrete subset of frogs. An experimental approach was taken to test whether familiarity would improve anchoring to the site and discourage homing and dispersal post translocation. Frogs translocated with their neighbours did not stay with those individuals and those that were released in a random pattern did not move towards their former Maud Island neighbours. While initial movements were significantly oriented to the bearing of Maud Island, after several months this had changed to indicate that the frogs moved in a downhill direction. Capture-recapture abundance estimates suggest a decline in the population of translocated frogs during the 46 months post-release and follow up surveys 10-13 years post-release confirm that this translocation failed. Capture-recapture abundance estimates suggest that the 240 m² grid emptied of frogs (i.e. the source population) took one year to return to pre-translocation densities. There is little doubt that translocations will continue to be an important tool for the conservation management of leiopelmatid frogs in New Zealand and for amphibians worldwide. However, a commitment to post-release monitoring, use of methods that allow for causes of failure to be assessed, and testing release strategies is imperative to informing methods and improving the success rates of future translocations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mercury (Hg) is a global pollutant that affects songbird populations across a variety of ecosystems following conversion to methylmercury (MeHg)—a form of Hg with high potential for bioaccumulation and bioavailability. The amount of bioavailable MeHg in an ecosystem is a function of the amount of total Hg present as well as Hg methylation rates, which vary across the landscape in space and time, and trophic transfer. Using songbirds as an indicator of MeHg bioavailability in terrestrial ecosystems, we evaluated the role of habitat, climate, and trophic level in dictating MeHg exposure risk across a variety of ecosystems. To achieve this objective, 2243 blood Hg samples were collected from 81 passerine and near-passerine species in New York State, USA, spanning 10 different sampling regions from Long Island to western New York. Using a general linear mixed modeling framework that accounted for regional variation in sampling species composition, we found that wetland habitat area within 100 m of capture location, 50-year average of summer maximum temperatures, and trophic position inferred using stable isotope analysis were all correlated with songbird blood Hg concentrations statewide. Moreover, these patterns had a large degree of spatial variability suggesting that the drivers of MeHg bioavailability differed significantly across the state. Mercury deposition, land cover, and climate are all expected to change throughout the northeastern United States in the coming decades. Terrestrial MeHg bioavailability will likely respond to these changes. Focused research and monitoring efforts will be critical to understand how exposure risk responds to global environmental change across the landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The consumptive and nonconsumptive effects of predators on their prey and the indirect effects of these interactions that cascade through food webs have been studied for over half a century. In the northwest Atlantic, the stock of black sea bass (Centropristis striata) steeply declined during the 1980s. While population crashes of fished bivalve species coincided with those of black sea bass, the role of black sea bass in driving trophic cascades that indirectly influence bivalve survival has largely been overlooked. Over the past decade, black sea bass have not only been recovering in abundance but warming water temperatures have been driving a northward expansion of the extent of their seasonal migration, resulting in a particularly strong relative recovery along the south shore of Long Island, New York. To explore whether black sea bass alter the foraging rates of mud crabs (Dyspanopeus sayi) on a species of bivalve, blue mussels (Mytilus edulis), we manipulated the presence and position of sea bass within an array of mesocosm tanks. We found that the presence of black sea bass reduced the proportion of blue mussels consumed by mud crabs. Black sea bass presence indirectly elevated blue mussel survival by as much as 47.7% by reducing mud crab per capita consumption of blue mussels by 57.9%. However, there were limitations to the nonconsumptive effects of black sea bass that appeared to depend on their proximity to mud crabs. While our results are from an experimental setup with a simplified food chain and are context dependent, they emphasize the importance of studying how nonconsumptive effects of specific marine predators influence trophic cascades from both conceptual and applied coastal resource management standpoints. Our results suggest that the recovery of black sea bass may bode well for the population restoration of several species of bivalves within estuaries throughout their range. Further, our study provides evidence that indicates that the nonconsumptive effects of a recovering marine predator can indirectly elevate the survival of a basal food resource species. • Presence of a fish predator produces a trophic cascade that increases bivalve survival. • Crabs reduce their feeding rates when a fish predator is present. • There are limitations to the effects of the presence of a fish predator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1. Learn that there are vulnerable gaps during transitions of care for hospice-eligible patients going back into the community that may cause preventable readmissions. 2. Learn the impact and value of involving Palliative Care Social Worker to ensure patients' and families' goals of care, comprehensive transitions of care handoff, and close collaboration with community facilities. A palliative social worker can significantly impact readmissions by ensuring better transitions of care for geriatric and palliative care patients especially those who qualify for hospice services. Establishing a strong collaboration with warm hand-off process as time of transitioning from hospital to community skilled facilities can significantly decrease preventable readmissions. Long Island Jewish Forest Hills is a 312-bed community hospital in Forest Hills, Queens that serves a large diverse aging population surrounded by seven nursing homes and four assisted living facilities. Our hospital's goal to provide excellent care for patients includes comprehensive transitions of care to the community while avoiding preventable readmissions. Following a recent increase in readmission rate in January 2023 of 31% (from 12% in December 2022) of our CMS Medicare patient with qualifying diagnoses of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, congestive heart failure, or acute myocardial Infarction, one area of weakness we found were those eligible for hospice going to community facilities. These patients are considered high-risk for readmission due to poor hand-off that relied on paper referrals. In collaboration with the geriatrics-palliative interdisciplinary team, social work team, and the surrounding community facilities, a stronger hand-off initiative was initiated. Goals of care discussion that included hospice eligibility, more realistic rehabilitation goal, and advance directives were documented on the referral and MOLST forms. Many times, the nuanced goals need to be explained further such as enrolling in a palliative or comfort care programs vs trial of rehabilitation before converting to hospice or to continue the discussion with family on hospice. These are better explained through conversations on the phone to the receiving facility's clinical and social work departments and not easily relayed on paper documentation. Preliminary data shows a noticeable decrease in readmission rates (February 10%, March 24%, April 16%, May 7.6%), correlated with the start of the warmer palliative hand-off program. Upon review of this initiative, we hope to continue this phone handoff with facilities to ensure the preferred goals of hospice-eligible patients going to community facilities while reducing preventable readmissions. Models of Palliative Care Delivery / Interdisciplinary Teamwork / Professionalism [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In July 2019, Bourbon virus RNA was detected in an Amblyomma americanum tick removed from a resident of Long Island, New York, USA. Tick infection and whitetailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) serosurvey results demonstrate active transmission in New York, especially Suffolk County, emphasizing a need for surveillance anywhere A. americanum ticks are reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Not enough is known about the epidemiology of opioid poisoning to tailor interventions to help address the growing opioid crisis in the U.S. The objective of this study is to expand the current understanding of opioid poisoning through the use of data analytics to evaluate geographic, temporal, and sociodemographic differences of opioid poisoning- related hospital visits in a region of New York State with high opioid poisoning rates.Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized patient-level New York State all-payer hospital data (2010-2016) combined with Census data to evaluate geographic, patient, and community factors for 9,714 Long Island residents with an opioid poisoning-related inpatient or outpatient hospital facility discharge. Temporal, 7-year opioid poisoning rates and trends were evaluated, and geographic maps were generated. Overall, significance tests and tests for linear trend were based upon logistic regression. Analyses were completed between 2017 and 2018.Results: Since 2010, Long Island and New York State opioid poisoning hospital visit rates have increased 2.5- to 2.7-fold (p<0.001). Opioid poisoning hospital visit rates decreased for men, white patients, and self-payers (p<0.001) and increased for Medicare payers (p<0.001). Communities with high opioid poisoning rates had lower median home values, higher percentages of high school graduates, were younger, and more often white patients (p<0.01). Maps displayed geographic patterns of communities with high opioid poisoning rates overall and by age group.Conclusions: Findings highlight the changing demographics of the opioid poisoning epidemic and utility of data analytics tools to identify regions and patient populations to focus interventions. These population identification techniques can be applied in other communities and interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The impact of variable infection risk by race and ethnicity on the dynamics of SARS- CoV-2 spread is largely unknown. Methods: Here, we fit structured compartmental models to seroprevalence data from New York State and analyze how herd immunity thresholds (HITs), final sizes, and epidemic risk change across groups. Results: A simple model where interactions occur proportionally to contact rates reduced the HIT, but more realistic models of preferential mixing within groups increased the threshold toward the value observed in homogeneous populations. Across all models, the burden of infection fell disproportionately on minority populations: in a model fit to Long Island serosurvey and census data, 81% of Hispanics or Latinos were infected when the HIT was reached compared to 34% of non- Hispanic whites. Conclusions: Our findings, which are meant to be illustrative and not best estimates, demonstrate how racial and ethnic disparities can impact epidemic trajectories and result in unequal distributions of SARS- CoV-2 infection. Funding: K.C.M. was supported by National Science Foundation GRFP grant DGE1745303. Y.H.G. and M.L. were funded by the Morris- Singer Foundation. M.L. was supported by SeroNet cooperative agreement U01 CA261277. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial proton-pump rhodopsin (PPR)-based phototrophy, a light-harvesting mechanism different from chlorophyll-based photosystems, may contribute significantly to solar energy entry into the marine ecosystem. PPR transforms solar energy into cellular energy that is used for various metabolic processes in the cells or flagellar movement. Although rhodopsins or their encoding genes have been documented in a wide phylogenetic range of cultured dinoflagellates, information is limited about how widespread and how spatiotemporally dynamical dinoflagellate PPR (DiPPR) are in natural marine ecosystems. In this study, we investigated DiPPR in Long Island Sound (LIS), a temperate estuary of the Atlantic Ocean between Connecticut and Long Island, New York, USA. We isolated six novel full-length dinoflagellate proton-pump rhodopsin cDNAs, expanding the DiPPR database that is crucial to PPR research. Based on these new sequences and existing sequences of DiPPR, we designed primers and conducted quantitative PCR and sequencing to determine the abundance and diversity of DiPPR genes spatially and temporally throughout a year in the water samples collected from LIS. DiPPR genes were found year-round and throughout LIS but with higher abundances in the eutrophic Western Sound and in April and July. The gene diversity data suggest that there are at least five distinct rhodopsin-harboring groups of dinoflagellates throughout the year. The abundance of DiPPR genes, measured as copy number per mL of seawater, appeared not to be influenced by water temperature or nitrogen nutrient concentration but exhibited weak negative correlations with orthophosphate concentration and salinity and a positive correlation with the abundance of DiPPR-harboring dinoflagellates. This first quantitative profiling of PPR in natural plankton reveals the prevalence and dynamics of this plastid-independent photoenergy harvesting mechanism in a temperate estuary and provides efficient DiPPR primers potentially useful for future research. Furthermore, this study shed light on the potential role of DiPPR in phosphor nutrition and dinoflagellate population, which warrants further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accelerated sea-level rise (SLR) poses the threat of salt marsh submergence, especially in marshes that are relatively low-lying. At the same time, restoration efforts are producing new low-lying marshes, many of which are thriving and avoiding submergence. To understand the causes of these different fates, we studied two Long Island Sound marshes: one that is experiencing submergence and mudflat expansion, and one that is undergoing successful restoration. We examined sedimentation using a variety of methods, each of which captures different time periods and different aspects of marsh elevation change: surface-elevation tables, marker horizons, sediment cores, and sediment traps. We also studied marsh hydrology, productivity, respiration, nutrient content, and suspended sediment. We found that, despite the expansion of mudflat in the submerging marsh, the areas that remain vegetated have been gaining elevation at roughly the rate of SLR over the last 10 years. However, this elevation gain was only possible thanks to an increase in belowground volume, which may be a temporary response to waterlogging. In addition, accretion rates in the first half of the twentieth century were much lower than current rates, so century-scale accretion in the submerging marsh was lower than SLR. In contrast, at the restored marsh, accretion rates are now averaging about 10 mm yr −1 (several times the rate of SLR), much higher than before restoration. The main cause of the different trajectories at the two marshes appeared to be the availability of suspended sediment, which was much higher in the restored marsh. We considered and rejected alternative hypotheses, including differences in tidal flooding, plant productivity, and nutrient loading. In the submerging marsh, suspended and deposited sediment had relatively high organic content, which may be a useful indicator of sediment starvation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global sea level rise is a known consequence of climate change. As predictions of sea level rise have grown in magnitude and certainty, coastal real estate assets face an increasing climate risk. I use a complete data set of repeated home sales from Long Island in New York State to estimate the appreciation discount caused by the threat of sea level rise. The repeat sale methodology allows for time-invariant, unobserved property characteristics to be controlled for. Between 2000 and 2017, I find that residential properties that were exposed to future sea level rise experienced an annual price appreciation rate of roughly 1% point below unexposed properties. I provide numerous robustness checks to confirm this result. I also find evidence of demand spillovers by estimating an appreciation premium for properties that are near the coast but are relatively safe from sea level rise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parasitic infections can have profound implications on host fitness, yet there is minimal information on parasites of the American horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus), a species that has experienced recent population declines. Therefore, we aimed to quantify the prevalence, intensity, and gill surface area coverage of the ectoparasite Bdelloura candida in adult (n = 58), sub-adult (n = 7) and juvenile (n = 32) horseshoe crabs (HSCs) collected from coastal waters of Long Island, NY in 2019 and 2022. Sub samples of horseshoe crab gill tissue (10%) were collected from live specimens and B. candida cocoon intensities from individual lamellae were enumerated microscopically. B. candida was present in all adult and sub-adult crabs (100%), whereas juveniles exhibited 6.2% prevalence. 4.0–94.0% of gill lamellae harbored cocoons, with intensities ranging from 0 to 805 cocoons per sub sample. Cocoon covered between 0.06%–14.51% of the gill sub sample surface area, with higher cocoon intensities observed in the ventral-most gill quartiles relative to the dorsal-most regions. Sex was strongly supported as a primary driver behind B. candida infection intensities with adult females harboring higher intensities. These results provide novel insight into B. candida infection dynamics across HSC demographics, but further research is necessary to quantify the physiological impacts of the infection on L. polyphemus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding coastal barrier response to future changes in sea-level rise rate, sediment availability, and storm intensity/frequency is essential for coastal planning, including socioeconomic and ecological management. Identifying drivers of past changes in barrier morphology, as well as barrier sensitivity to these forces, is necessary to accomplish this. Using remote-sensing, field, and laboratory analyses, we reconstruct the mesoscale (decades-centuries) evolution of central Fire Island, a portion of a 50-kilometer barrier island fronting Long Island, New York, USA. We find that the configuration of the modern beach and foredune at Fire Island is radically different from the system's relict morphostratigraphy. Central Fire Island is comprised of at least three formerly inlet-divided rotational barriers with distinct subaerial beach and dune-ridge systems that were active prior to the mid-19th century. Varying morphologic states reflected in the relict barriers (e.g., progradational, transgressive) contrast with the modern barrier, which is dominated by a tall and nearly continuous foredune and is relatively static except for erosion and drowning of fringing marsh. We suggest this state shift indicates a transition from a regime dominated by inlet-mediated gradients in alongshore sediment availability to one where human impacts exerted greater influence on island evolution from the late 19th century onward. The retention of some 'geomorphic capital' in Fire Island's relict subaerial features combined with its static nature renders the barrier increasingly susceptible to narrowing and passive submergence. This may lead to an abrupt geomorphic state shift in the future, a veiled vulnerability that may also exist in other stabilized barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Prior reports found elevated depression and anxiety symptoms during COVID-19. • Youth were assessed across spring-summer 2020 in Long Island, New York. • Depression and anxiety symptoms peaked in late April and declined through summer. • Pandemic experiences followed a similar trajectory across spring-summer. • Pandemic experiences were associated with symptom severity. Initial reports suggest that mental health problems were elevated early in the COVID-19 pandemic. However, few studies have followed-up participants as the pandemic evolved and examined both between and within person predictors of symptom trajectories. In the current study, adolescents and young adults (N=532) in New York were surveyed monthly between March 27th and July 14th, 2020, a period spanning the first peak and subsequent decline in COVID-19 infection rates in the region. Surveys assessed symptoms of depression and anxiety using the Child Depression Inventory and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders, as well as experiences related to the pandemic. Multilevel growth modeling indicated that symptoms of depression and anxiety peaked around late April/early May and then decreased through May-July. Some pandemic experiences followed a similar quadratic trajectory, while others decreased linearly across the study. Specific relationships emerged between some types of pandemic experiences and depression and anxiety symptoms. While symptoms of depression and anxiety in youth may have been elevated early in the pandemic, these findings suggest they subsided across Spring-Summer of 2020, with higher levels of both corresponding to a period of peak infection rates and decreases paralleling the decline in pandemic experiences and COVID-19 infection rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses research regarding potential environmental risk factors for breast cancer as of 2016, and it mentions cancer-related research studies that have been conducted by organizations such as the U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the country's National Cancer Institute. Environmental exposure and breast cancer etiology are examined, along with the Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project which assesses the prevalence of breast cancer diagnoses.

Cases of rocky mountain spotted fever (RMSF) are increasingly reported every year in Long Island, New York. In clinical practice, an uncommonly high number of referrals with a positive RMSF IgG test result have been seen in our tick-borne disease clinic. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical–epidemiological characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized patients with positive serologies for RMSF in our academic center in Long Island, NY. We found that out of twenty-four patients with a positive serology for RMSF, only one case met the case definition per CDC criteria, two had suspected RMSF, and the other twenty-one did not have a clinical picture consistent with RMSF. A high number of false-positive RMSF serology may be due to other spotted fever rickettsioses in Long Island. Further studies are needed to investigate the presence of another Rickettsia spp. (such as Rickettsia amblyommatis) in this area that may affect humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transit-oriented development has been a widely accepted tool among transportation planning practitioners; however, there are concerns about the risk of increasing residential property values leading to gentrification or displacements. Therefore, it is critical to provide precise investigations of the relationships between public transit and gentrification. Although numerous studies have explored this topic, few have discussed these relationships based on detailed measurements of gentrification from a regional perspective. This study aims to fill the research gap by measuring the gentrification subcategories through a hierarchical definition based on data in the New York–Northern New Jersey–Long Island areas and applying the transit desert concept as the measurement of transit services. Through multinomial logistic regression and machine-learning approaches, findings indicate that the rate of transit deserts in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods is higher than the others. In addition, the impacts of transit services are significant in gentrification but insignificant in super-gentrification. These findings can advance the knowledge of the role of the transit service in different gentrification progresses. Based on these findings, policymakers need to be careful when allocating public transit budgets and note the effects of these investments on neighborhoods with different socioeconomic statuses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychologists have begun to study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on emotionality, though such investigations assume that the measurement properties of affect scales have not changed as a function of the pandemic. To our knowledge, no prior study has tested measurement invariance (MI) of an affect scale during a disaster, and very few studies have explored MI of scales administered through ecological momentary assessment (EMA). The current study tested invariance of trait and state affect measures across homogenous groups of 18-year-olds assessed prior to and during the first acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Long Island, New York. Trait affect was measured with a single administration of the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality-Youth Version. State affect was assessed with items developed for the EMA portion of this study, which were administered 5 times daily for 14 consecutive days using a smartphone application. A baseline correlated 2-factor (positive and negative affect) model was fit for both measures. Invariances tests established up to strict MI across pre-/COVID-19 groups for both affect measures. These findings suggest that valid comparisons of observed score means and variances can be made between groups assessed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The waters around Suffolk County, New York, are plagued by water quality concerns from nitrogen inputs, algal blooms, and eutrophication. Meanwhile, waterfront and near-water homes fuel a robust real estate market with many iconic regions, such as the Hamptons. Aging cesspools and septic systems are a paramount concern in the area. With approximately 74% of homes outside sewer systems, several jurisdictions are evaluating approaches to funding retrofits that would improve septic systems and water quality. It is therefore an ideal location to assess the impact that water quality has on home values; this paper investigates property sales near the Long Island Sound, South Shore Bays, and Peconic Estuary System. Results show that water quality has a significant impact on nearby home sales, with the largest effects generally seen nearest to the coastline. These results inform a discussion about potential benefits and costs of widespread septic tank and cesspool retrofitting, which is currently incentivized by grant and loan programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since extreme precipitation impacts society on small scales (i.e., a few kilometers and smaller, it is worthwhile to explore extreme precipitation trends in localized regions, such as Long Island (LI), New York. Its coastal location makes it vulnerable to various extreme events, such as tropical cyclones (TCs). This work aimed to quantify the extreme precipitation events on LI that are caused by TCs, as well as the percentage of TCs passing close to LI that cause extreme precipitation events. Both gauge-based and satellite-based precipitation datasets of varying resolutions (DAYMET, IMERG, and CPC) were used to understand the impact of dataset selection. Results are shown for the common time period of 2001–2020, as well as the full time periods of each dataset. DAYMET shows the highest percentage of extreme precipitation events linked to TCs for 2001–2020 (a maximum of 7.2%) and the highest number of TCs that caused extreme precipitation events (36.5%), with IMERG showing similar results. For the full and common time periods, the highest percentage of extreme precipitation events caused by TCs was found in eastern LI. TC-related extreme precipitation averaged over LI varied year to year, and amounts were dependent on the resolution of the observational dataset, but most datasets showed an increasing trend in the last 19 years that is larger than the trend in mean precipitation. Current infrastructure in the region is likely inadequately prepared for future impacts from TC-related extreme precipitation events in such a population-dense region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Derner Hempstead Child Clinic is a school-based, university-run community clinic that was created to offer mental health services to children and families in an underserviced area of Long Island, NY. The clinic also offers training to doctoral-level students from the Derner School of Psychology. In its few years of operation, the clinic has emerged as a source of support for the disadvantaged community despite the additional challenges created by the pandemic. To better respond to the multiple needs of the community and the training needs of the student therapists, the clinic is implementing a Nested Mentalization frame through an adaptation of the Weaving Thoughts supervision method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a cooperative game theory framework is proposed to investigate how the cooperation of groundwater consumers influences the reduction in environmental damages and benefit the stakeholders in coastal regions. To this end, an evolutionary simulation-optimization model coupled with a hydroeconomic model and different cooperation scenarios are considered. The proposed methodology is applied on a coastal groundwater system in Nassau County, Long Island, New York. The results indicate that the highest sum of net benefits achieved under the full-cooperation condition both with and without considering environmental damages. The increase in the sum of net benefits is about 7% using the full-cooperation condition compared with the noncooperation condition, whereas the groundwater withdrawal increases by about 2.5%. The risk values are higher under the full-cooperation condition compared with the baseline condition in the decrease of (1) groundwater level, (2) saltwater intrusion, and (3) filling ratio, but are lower in the submarine groundwater discharge indicator. The proposed framework can be used to assess and manage other coastal groundwater resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Long Island has the largest suburban human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in the USA with an estimated 5,730 people living with HIV/AIDS in 2018 (most recent data). While pre-exposure prophlaxis (PrEP) is a promising primary intervention strategy to reduce HIV incidence, the uptake of this biomedical prevention strategy has been very low. Factors such as homophobia, stigma, and discrimination against men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women still exist in the community through provider interactions, and negatively affect the well-being of these populations. The aim of this study was to examine PrEP knowledge, attitudes, and practices among MSM and transgender women on Long Island. Methods: Fifteen interviews were conducted with MSM and transgender women; interviews were transcribed and analyzed using an inductive method involving constant comparison. Results: Four main themes emerged from our analysis: (1) participants have high agency in accessing and utilizing HIV-related biomedical prevention services; (2) participants had limited understanding of what PrEP is and what it means to be on PrEP; (3) PrEP-user stigma and costs are the biggest barriers to initiating and remaining on PrEP; and (4) E-health, credible Internet-resources, and technology-based programming are needed to support current and potential PrEP users. Conclusions: This study, the first study of PrEP attitudes in a suburban environment, highlights the need for evidence-based health promotion and sexual health interventions designed for suburban gender and sexual minorities that are evidence-based and go beyond goal setting and improving self-efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: New York City and Long Island, NY were early foci of the COVID-19 epidemic in the US. The effects of COVID-19 on different sub-populations, and its key epidemiologic parameters remain unknown or highly uncertain. We investigated the epidemiology of COVID-19 from January to August of 2020 in an established academic monitoring cohort of N = 9,697 middle-aged World Trade Center responders residing in Long Island, NY. Methods: A seroprevalence survey and a series of cross-sectional surveys were nested in a prospective cohort study. Measures included IgG antibody testing, SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, review of electronic medical records, and surveys of symptoms. Correlates of infection were analyzed with multivariable logistic regression. Results: The cohort was predominantly men in their mid-fifties; 6,597 cohort members were successfully contacted (68%); 1,042 (11%) individuals participated in the seroprevalence survey; and 369 individuals (5.6% of 6,597 study participants) underwent PCR testing. The estimated standardized cumulative incidence was 21.9% (95%CI: 20.1–23.9%), the asymptomatic proportion was 16.4% (36/219; 95%CI: 11.8–22.0%), the case hospitalization ratio was 9.4% (36/385; 95%CI: 6.6–12.7%), the case fatality ratio was 1.8% (7/385; 95%CI: 0.7–3.7%), and the hospitalization fatality ratio was 8.3% (3/36; 95%CI: 1.8–22.5%). Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with younger age, race/ethnicity, and being currently employed. Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest a high cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 among WTC responders in the spring and summer of 2020 and contribute to narrowing the plausible range of the proportion of infections that exhibit no symptoms. An increased risk of infection among younger employed individuals is likely to reflect a higher probability of exposure to the virus, and the racial disparities in the infection risk warrant further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Healthcare professionals in the intensive care unit (ICU) confront stressful working conditions. Morning rounds involve several hours of prolonged standing and uninterrupted concentration each day and require both mental and physical endurance from the entire care team. There is concern that work-related fatigue among ICU practitioners will compromise their ability to safely and effectively care for their patients. To address this concern, the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) at Long Island Jewish Medical Center implemented an initiative to promote provider wellness through "active breaks" during rounds. Materials and methods: Between October and December 2019, 30 physicians, physician assistants, nurses, and students collectively engaged in active breaks during SICU rounds and then completed a 7-question, post-test survey to assess their experience. The survey consisted of both closed-end and open-ended questions. The data were then analyzed using simple statistics. Results: In response to closed-ended questioning, the majority of participants agreed that active breaks relieved stress (27/30; 90%), promoted wellness (29/30; 96.7%), and improved team morale (29/30; 93.1%). When given the options of tricep dips, squats or push-ups, squats were the favored activity during breaks (17/30; 56.7%). Most of the participants (27/30; 90%) considered the active breaks to be appropriate for the working environment; two participants had no opinion on this matter. Approximately 90% of the respondents were interested in maintaining active breaks as part of the routine of morning rounds. Conclusions: Our assessment suggests active breaks during rounds are a healthy outlet to address the inherent stress associated with critical care. This initiative also potentially protects healthcare providers from burnout and, consequentially, improves the quality of patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The peak "hothouse" interval of the Turonian-Coniacian (93-87 Ma) is represented on the U.S. middle Atlantic Coastal Plain by sequences of the Raritan/Bass River, Magothy, and Cheesequake Formations deposited on a passive continentalmargin as mixed wave-, tide-, and river dominated deltas. We apply sequence stratigraphy integratedwith biostratigraphy to identify and map two major sequence boundaries separating the Raritan/Bass River, Magothy, and Cheesequake Formations and four to five (Mg1, Mg2, Mg3, Mg4, Mg5) Magothy sequences using continuous cores, outcrops, and geophysical logs in New Jersey. We extend correlations into New York and Delaware using well logs. The Magothy sequences disconformably overlie the well-dated (>93 Ma) lower Turonian to Cenomanian marine Raritan/Bass River sequences and are disconformably overlain by the marine Cheesequake Formation, which straddles the Coniacian/Santonian boundary. A "mid-Turonian" hiatus (ca. 93-90 Ma) associated with this major disconformity is a global sequence boundary (K-Tu4) reflecting a ~25 m sea-level lowering based on published NJ and Russian Platform backstripping records that indicate this was a major lowering of GlobalMean Sea Level (GMSL). Higher-order (~1 Myr scale) sequence boundaries bracketingMg1-Mg5 apparently correlate with global sequences but are only associated with low-amplitude (<25 m) sea-level falls. Mapping of sequences within the Magothy Formation shows the influence of 2 to 3 moderate-sized river sources, with thickening northeastward toward Long Island, New York, and thinning southwestward toward Delaware. Thick northern depocenters contrast with the preceding Potomac Formation (Barremian-early Cenomanian) with thick southern depocenters. This seesawing of basins on the 100-300 km and 2-10+ Myr scales is due to tectonism likely from changes inmantle dynamic topography. The remarkably widespread distribution of Magothy sequences and facies indicates stability of this deltaic depositional system over ~4Myr despite low-amplitude (less than 25m) sea-level variations. Widespread facies correlation provides a predictable distribution of aquifer sands and confining-unit clays tied to sea-level changes on complex deltaic facies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sedimentary records of past hurricane activity indicate centennial‐scale periods over the past millennium with elevated hurricane activity. The search for the underlying mechanism behind these active hurricane periods is confounded by regional variations in their timing. Here, we present a new high resolution paleohurricane record from The Bahamas with a synthesis of published North Atlantic records over the past millennium. We reconstruct hurricane strikes over the past 1,050 years in sediment cores from a blue hole on Long Island in The Bahamas. Coarse‐grained deposits in these cores date to the close passage of seven hurricanes over the historical interval. We find that the intensity and angle of approach of these historical storms plays an important role in inducing storm surge near the site. Our new record indicates four active hurricane periods on Long Island that conflict with published records on neighboring islands (Andros and Abaco Island). We demonstrate these three islands do not sample the same storms despite their proximity, and we compile these reconstructions together to create the first regional compilation of annually resolved paleohurricane records in The Bahamas. Integrating our Bahamian compilation with compiled records from the U.S. coastline indicates basin‐wide increased storminess during the Medieval Warm Period. Afterward, the hurricane patterns in our Bahamian compilation match those reconstructed along the U.S. East Coast but not in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. This disconnect may result from shifts in local environmental conditions in the North Atlantic or shifts in hurricane populations from straight‐moving to recurving storms over the past millennium. Key Points: A reconstruction of past millennium hurricane activity from Long Island in The Bahamas conflicts with records from neighboring islandsStorm properties, local hydrodynamics, and the depositional environment are important for storm deposition at a blue hole siteCompilations of Atlantic paleohurricane records indicate century‐scale shifts in regional storm population over the past 1,000 years [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]